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Reichert KP, Pillat MM, Schetinger MRC, Bottari NB, Palma TV, Assmann CE, Gutierres JM, Ulrich H, Andrade CM, Exley C, Morsch VMM. Aluminum-induced alterations of purinergic signalling in embryonic neural progenitor cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126642. [PMID: 32345545 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of aluminum in the environment leads to a high likelihood of human exposure. Neurotoxicity of the trivalent cationic form of this metal (Al3+) occurs in the central nervous system via accumulation of Al in cells of neural origin, including neural progenitor cells (NPCs). NPCs play a key role in the development and regeneration of the brain throughout life; therefore, this metal may contribute to neuropathological conditions. Here, we evaluated the effects of different Al3+ concentrations (0-50 μM) on the purinergic system of NPCs isolated from embryonic telencephalons, cultured as neurospheres. Al3+ adhered to the cell surface of neurospheres reducing extracellular ATP release, as well as ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis by NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase, respectively. In addition, impaired nucleotide release by Al3+ reduced P2Y1 and adenosine A2A receptors expression in differentiated neurospheres. These receptors are crucial for NPC proliferation during brain development and self-repair against external stimuli, such as metal exposure. Thus, Al3+ represents an environmental agent linked to neurodegeneration through alterations in the ATP-signalling pathway, proving to be a potential mechanism associated with NPC proliferation and brain degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine P Reichert
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, CCNE, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Micheli M Pillat
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa C Schetinger
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, CCNE, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, CCNE, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tais V Palma
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, CCNE, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles E Assmann
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, CCNE, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessie M Gutierres
- Laboratory of Research in Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria RS, Brazil
| | - Cinthia M Andrade
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, CCNE, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Christopher Exley
- Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Vera M M Morsch
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, CCNE, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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In vitro and in vivo interactions of aluminum on NTPDase and AChE activities in lymphocytes of rats. Cell Immunol 2010; 265:133-8. [PMID: 20832780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Al adjuvants are used in vaccines to increase the immune response. NTPDase and AChE play a pivotal role and act in the regulation of the immune system. The effect of Al exposure in vitro and in vivo on NTPDase and AChE activities in the lymphocytes of rats was determined. In vitro, ATP hydrolysis was decreased by 20.4% and 17.3% and ADP hydrolysis was decreased by 36.5% and 34.8%, in groups D and E, respectively, when compared to the control. AChE activity was increased by 157.3%, 152.5%, 74.7% and 90.8% in groups B, C, D, and E, respectively, when compared to the control. In vivo, ATP hydrolysis was increased by 85% and 86% and ADP hydrolysis was increased by 104.2% and 74%, in Al plus citrate and Al groups, respectively, when compared to the control. AChE activity was increased by 50.7% in Al plus citrate and by 28.6% in Al groups, when compared to the control. Our results show that Al exposure both in vitro and in vivo altered NTPDase and AChE activities in lymphocytes. These results may demonstrate the ability of Al to elicit the immune system, where NTPDase and AChE activities can act as purinergic and cholinergic markers in lymphocytes.
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Gonçalves PP, Silva VS. Does neurotransmission impairment accompany aluminium neurotoxicity? J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:1291-338. [PMID: 17675244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurobehavioral disorders, except their most overt form, tend to lie beyond the reach of clinicians. Presently, the use of molecular data in the decision-making processes is limited. However, as details of the mechanisms of neurotoxic action of aluminium become clearer, a more complete picture of possible molecular targets of aluminium can be anticipated, which promises better prediction of the neurotoxicological potential of aluminium exposure. In practical terms, a critical analysis of current data on the effects of aluminium on neurotransmission can be of great benefit due to the rapidly expanding knowledge of the neurotoxicological potential of aluminium. This review concludes that impairment of neurotransmission is a strong predictor of outcome in neurobehavioral disorders. Key questions and challenges for future research into aluminium neurotoxicity are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula P Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Kaizer RR, Maldonado PA, Spanevello RM, Corrêa MC, Gonçalves JF, Becker LV, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. The effect of aluminium on NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities from rat synaptosomes and platelets. Int J Dev Neurosci 2007; 25:381-6. [PMID: 17686601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al), a neurotoxic compound, has been investigated in a large number of studies both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effect in vivo of long-term exposure to Al on NTPDase (nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) and 5'-nucleotidase activities in the synaptosomes (obtained from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus) and platelets of rats. Here, we investigated a possible role of platelets as peripheral markers in rats. Rats were loaded by gavage with AlCl(3) 50 mg/(kg day), 5 days per week, totalizing 60 administrations. The animals were divided into four groups: (1) control (C), (2) 50 mg/kg of citrate solution (Ci), (3) 50 mg/kg of Al plus citrate (Al+Ci) solution and (4) 50 mg/kg of Al (Al). ATP hydrolysis was increased in the synaptosomes from the cerebral cortex by 42.9% for Al+Ci and 39.39% for Al, when compared to their respective control (p<0.05). ADP hydrolysis was increased by 13.15% for both Al and Al+Ci, and AMP hydrolysis increased by 32.7% for Al and 27.25% for Al+Ci (p<0.05). In hippocampal synaptosomes, the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and AMP, was increased by 58.5%, 28.5% and 25.92%, respectively, for Al (p<0.05) and 36.7%, 22.5% and 37.64% for Al+Ci, both when compared to their respective controls. ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis, in platelets, was increased by 172.3%, 188.52% and 92.1%, respectively in Al+Ci, and 317.9%, 342.8% and 177.9%, respectively, for Al, when compared to their respective controls (p<0.05). Together, these results indicate that Al increases NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities, in synaptosomal fractions and platelets. Thus, we suggest that platelets could be sensitive peripheral markers of Al toxicity of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Miron VR, Bauermann L, Morsch ALB, Zanin RF, Corrêa M, da Silva AC, Mazzanti C, Morsch VM, Lunkes GI, Schetinger MRC. Enhanced NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in diabetes mellitus and iron-overload model. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 298:101-7. [PMID: 17119848 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the enzymes NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase was studied in both diabetes mellitus and an associated model of iron-overload. Rats were divided in five groups: citrate (CC), saline (S), diabetic (D), iron-overload (IO), and diabetic iron-overload (DIO). Diabetes was induced with alloxan (150 mg/kg), and iron-overload was induced with iron-dextran (10 intramuscular applications of +/-80 mg/kg). The enzymatic activities were evaluated in the platelets. The results demonstrated an increase in the activity of NTPDase with substrates ATP and ADP (60% and 120%, respectively; P<0.001), and 5'-nucleotidase (60%, P<0.001). This increase was more intense in the IO and DIO groups. The results obtained in vitro showed an activation in ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis between 1 microM and 1,000 microM ferric nitrate concentrations, being more pronounced at 100 microM and decreasing at 1,000 microM. We concluded that diabetes mellitus in association with iron-overload increased the hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides in platelets, contributing to the abnormalities found in these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Ribas Miron
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brasil
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Moretto MB, Lermen CL, Morsch VM, Bohrer D, Ineu RP, da Silva AC, Balz D, Schetinger MRC. Effect of subchronic treatment with mercury chloride on NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase from cerebral cortex of rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2004; 17:255-60. [PMID: 15139388 DOI: 10.1016/s0946-672x(04)80027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of a subchronic treatment (30 days/30 doses) with subcutaneous injections (0.1 mg/kg) of HgCl2 on NTPDase (E.C. 3.6.1.5), 5'-nucleotidase (E.C 3.1.3.5) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C. 3.1.1.7) activities in brain from adult rats. NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase were measured in cortical synaptosomal fraction and AChE was measured in the homogenate of cerebral cortex and hippocampus. After the subchronic treatment (30 days), NTPDase activity was enhanced approximately 35% (p < 0.05) with ATP and ADP as substrates and no difference was observed in 5'-nucleotidase activity (AMP hydrolysis). In addition, AChE activity was enhanced in the cerebral cortex (22%, p < 0.05) and hippocampus (26%, p < 0.05) after the subchronic treatment. Mercury deposited in brain was measured by cold vapor (atomic absorption spectrometry) and no difference between the control and the subchronically treated group was observed. Here we showed for the first time that exposure to low levels of Hg2+, which resembles occupational exposure to low levels of mercury, caused a marked increase in NTPDase and AChE activities. The relationship of these alterations with the neurotoxicity of inorganic mercury deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Moretto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Aluminum: Interaction with Nucleotides and Nucleotidases and Analytical Aspects of Its Determination. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45425-x_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Schetinger MR, Bonan CD, Morsch VM, Bohrer D, Valentim LM, Rodrigues SR. Effects of aluminum sulfate on delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase from kidney, brain, and liver of adult mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 1999; 32:761-6. [PMID: 10412555 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1999000600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of aluminum sulfate on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity from the brain, liver and kidney of adult mice (Swiss albine). In vitro experiments showed that the aluminum sulfate concentration needed to inhibit the enzyme activity was 1.0-5.0 mM (N = 3) in brain, 4.0-5.0 mM (N = 3) in liver and 0.0-5.0 mM (N = 3) in kidney. The in vivo experiments were performed on three groups for one month: 1) control animals (N = 8); 2) animals treated with 1 g% (34 mM) sodium citrate (N = 8) and 3) animals treated with 1 g% (34 mM) sodium citrate plus 3.3 g% (49.5 mM) aluminum sulfate (N = 8). Exposure to aluminum sulfate in drinking water inhibited ALA-D activity in kidney (23.3 +/- 3.7%, mean +/- SEM, P < 0.05 compared to control), but enhanced it in liver (31.2 +/- 15.0%, mean +/- SEM, P < 0.05). The concentrations of aluminum in the brain, liver and kidney of adult mice were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The aluminum concentrations increased significantly in the liver (527 +/- 3.9%, mean +/- SEM, P < 0.05) and kidney (283 +/- 1.7%, mean +/- SEM, P < 0.05) but did not change in the brain of aluminum-exposed mice. One of the most important and striking observations was the increase in hepatic aluminum concentration in the mice treated only with 1 g% sodium citrate (34 mM) (217 +/- 1.5%, mean +/- SEM, P < 0.05 compared to control). These results show that aluminum interferes with delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in vitro and in vivo. The accumulation of this element was in the order: liver > kidney > brain. Furthermore, aluminum had only inhibitory properties in vitro, while in vivo it inhibited or stimulated the enzyme depending on the organ studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Schetinger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Bonan CD, Battastini AM, Schetinger MR, Moreira CM, Frassetto SS, Dias RD, Sarkis JJ. Effects of 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA) on ATP diphosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.5) and 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) from rat brain synaptosomes. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1997; 28:761-6. [PMID: 9184816 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(96)00276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1. 9-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, significantly inhibited in vitro the ATP diphosphohydrolase activity of synaptosomes from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of adult rats. 2. THA did not inhibit in vitro the 5'-nucleotidase activity of synaptosomes from cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats. 3. THA exerted an uncompetitive inhibition on ATP diphosphohydrolase activity. This mechanism of inhibition was the same in the 2 different synaptosomal fractions (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) studied. 4. THA, proposed as a drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, can alter in vitro ATP degradation in synaptosomes from the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Bonan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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