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Tanruean K, Penkhrue W, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Lumyong S. Valorization of Lignocellulosic Wastes to Produce Phytase and Cellulolytic Enzymes from a Thermophilic Fungus, Thermoascus aurantiacus SL16W, under Semi-Solid State Fermentation. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040286. [PMID: 33918876 PMCID: PMC8068991 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural wastes are lignocellulosic biomasses that contain high mineral and nutrient contents. This waste can be used as a raw material in industrial enzyme production by microbial fermentation. Phytase is an important enzyme used in animal feed to enhance the amount of phosphorus available for the growth and overall health improvement of monogastric animals. Fungi offer high potential as an effective source in the production of various extracellular enzymes. In this study, the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes (endoglucanase and xylanase) and phytase by a thermophilic fungus, namely Thermoascus aurantiacus strain SL16W, was evaluated using sixteen different Thai agricultural forms of waste under conditions of high temperature (45 °C). Semi-solid state fermentation was used in the production experiments. The results of this study reveal that the highest phytase activity (58.6 U/g substrate) was found in rice bran, whereas the highest degrees of activity of endoglucanase and xylanase were observed in wheat bran and red tea leaves at 19 and 162 U/g substrate, respectively. Consequently, the optimal conditions for phytase production of this fungus using rice bran were investigated. The results indicate that the highest phytase yield (58.6 to 84.1 U/g substrate) was observed in rice bran containing 0.5% ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source with 10 discs of inoculum size at a cultivation period of 9 days at 45 °C and moisture content of 95%. Notably, the phytase yield increased by 1.71-fold, while endoglucanase and xylanase were also increased by 1.69- and 1.12-fold, respectively. Furthermore, the crude enzyme obtained from the optimal condition was extracted. The crude enzyme extract was then separately added to red tea leaves, rice straw, corncobs, palm residue, and peanut husks. Subsequently, total reducing sugar and phosphorus contents were determined. The results indicate that the highest level of reducing sugar (122.6 mg/L) and phosphorus content (452.6 mg/L) (p < 0.05) were obtained in palm residue at 36 and 48 h, respectively, after the addition of the crude enzyme extract. This study has provided valuable information on a potentially eco-friendly way to valorize agricultural waste into value-added products as industrial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerati Tanruean
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Watsana Penkhrue
- School of Preclinical Science, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (S.L.); Tel.: +66-86-512-7518 (N.S.); +66-81-881-3658 (S.L.)
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (S.L.); Tel.: +66-86-512-7518 (N.S.); +66-81-881-3658 (S.L.)
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Enhanced production of laccase and pectinase using co-culture of Trametes hirsuta and Phanerochaete sp. through EVOP-factorial design technique. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:490. [PMID: 30498663 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the coproduction of laccase and pectinase enzymes through solid state fermentation using mixed fungal culture of Trametes hirsuta and Phanerochaete sp., to minimize the cost and time of the process. Substrates selected for the enzyme production were wheat bran, pulse husk and mustard peel. To get optimum yield of laccase and pectinase in a single fermenter, EVOP factorial design technique with factors like pH, incubation temperature and substrates ratio have been explored. At search level of EVOP, outcomes of the one factor at a time has been considered as incubation temperature 30 °C for 7 days at pH 5 with wheat bran: pulse husk: mustard peel ratio of 2:2:1 (w/w/w) and yield of laccase and pectinase was found as 78.1 U/gds and 105.0 U/gds respectively. In first setup of EVOP factorial both laccase and pectinase activities were not found optimum in same set of experiments; therefore, on the basis of its decision making steps, second set of experiment was performed by taking decisions of first set of EVOP as search level. Optimum yield of laccase and pectinase was achieved about 250 U/gds and 247 U/gds respectively at 34 °C, pH 4.5 with 1.75:1.75:1.5 (w/w/w) wheatbran: pulse husk: mustard peel as substrate, which was 2-3 times higher than the outcomes of one factor at a time method.
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Acharya BK, Mohana S, Jog R, Divecha J, Madamwar D. Utilization of anaerobically treated distillery spent wash for production of cellulases under solid-state fermentation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2010; 91:2019-2027. [PMID: 20627545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pollution caused by distillery spent wash on one hand has stimulated the need to develop new technologies to treat the waste and on the other, forced us to reevaluate the efficient utilization of its nutritive potential for production of various high value compounds. In this study, anaerobically treated distillery spent wash was used for the production of cellulases by Aspergillus ellipticus under solid-state fermentation using wheat straw as a substrate. The interactions between distillery effluent concentration, initial pH, moisture content and inoculum size were investigated and modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) involving Box-Behnken design (BBD). Under optimized conditions, filter paper activity, beta-glucosidase and endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activities were found to be 13.38, 26.68 and 130.92 U/g of substrate respectively. Characterization of endo-beta-1,4-glucanase and beta-glucosidase was done after partial purification by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by desalting. The partially purified endo-beta-1,4-glucanase and beta-glucosidase showed maximum activity at 60 degrees C. Saccharification studies performed with different lignocellulosic substrates showed that wheat bran was most susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis. The study suggests that anaerobically treated distillery spent wash can be used as a viable nutrient source for cellulase production under solid-state fermentation by A. ellipticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik K Acharya
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, PO Box 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India.
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Bader J, Mast-Gerlach E, Popović MK, Bajpai R, Stahl U. Relevance of microbial coculture fermentations in biotechnology. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 109:371-387. [PMID: 20070440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review coculture fermentations in industrial biotechnology. Examples for the advantageous utilization of cocultures instead of single cultivations include the production of bulk chemicals, enzymes, food additives, antimicrobial substances and microbial fuel cells. Coculture fermentations may result in increased yield, improved control of product qualities and the possibility of utilizing cheaper substrates. Cocultivation of different micro-organisms may also help to identify and develop new biotechnological substances. The relevance of coculture fermentations and the potential of improving existing processes as well as the production of new chemical compounds in industrial biotechnology are pointed out here by means of more than 35 examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bader
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie and Genetik, Seestraβe 13, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Mast-Gerlach
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie and Genetik, Seestraβe 13, Berlin, Germany
| | - M K Popović
- Beuth Hochschule für Technik, Fachbereich Biotechnologie, Seestraβe 64, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Bajpai
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - U Stahl
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie and Genetik, Seestraβe 13, Berlin, Germany
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Robinson T, Nigam PS. Remediation of textile dye waste water using a white-rot fungus Bjerkandera adusta through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 151:618-28. [PMID: 18496771 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A strict screening strategy for microorganism selection was followed employing a number of white-rot fungi for the bioremediation of textile effluent, which was generated from one Ireland-based American textile industry. Finally, one fungus Bjerkandera adusta has been investigated in depth for its ability to simultaneously degrade and enrich the nutritional quality of highly coloured textile effluent-adsorbed barley husks through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Certain important parameters such as media requirements, moisture content, protein/biomass production and enzyme activities were examined in detail. A previously optimised method of dye desorption was employed to measure the extent of dye remediation through effluent decolorisation achieved as a result of fungal activity in SSF. B. adusta was capable of decolourising a considerable concentration of the synthetic dye effluent (up to 53%) with a moisture content of 80-85%. Protein enrichment of the fermented mass was achieved to the extent of 229 g/kg dry weight initial substrate used. Lignin peroxidase and laccase were found to be the two main enzymes produced during SSF of the dye-adsorbed lignocellulosic waste residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Robinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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