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Spiller HA, Hays HL, Casavant MJ. Rethinking treatment of mercury poisoning: the roles of selenium, acetylcysteine, and thiol chelators in the treatment of mercury poisoning: a narrative review. TOXICOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24734306.2020.1870077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Henry A. Spiller
- Central Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hannah L. Hays
- Central Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marcel J. Casavant
- Central Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Spiller HA. Rethinking mercury: the role of selenium in the pathophysiology of mercury toxicity. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017; 56:313-326. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1400555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry A. Spiller
- Central Ohio Poison Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Trabelsi H, Azzouz I, Ferchichi S, Tebourbi O, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Nanotoxicological evaluation of oxidative responses in rat nephrocytes induced by cadmium. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3447-53. [PMID: 24043937 PMCID: PMC3771854 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s49323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of cadmium chloride with mineral
elements in rat nephrocytes in terms of the biosynthesis of nanocomplexes. The results show that
selenium supplementation enhanced cadmium accumulation in kidneys. Analysis of the fluorescence
revealed an increase in red fluorescence in the kidneys of rats co-exposed to cadmium and selenium.
Interestingly, X-ray diffraction measurements carried out on kidney fractions of co-exposed rats
point to the biosynthesis of cadmium selenide and/or sulfide nanoparticles (about 62 nm in size).
Oxidative stress assays showed the ability of selenium to reduce lipid peroxidation and to restore
glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity in kidneys. Hence, cadmium complexation
with selenium and sulfur at a nanoscale level could reduce oxidative stress induced by cadmium in
kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Trabelsi H, Azzouz I, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Subacute toxicity of cadmium on hepatocytes and nephrocytes in the rat could be considered as a green biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1121-8. [PMID: 23515701 PMCID: PMC3601000 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to study the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and to explore its potential to generate nanoparticles during detoxification. In order to demonstrate this, in vivo fluorescence imaging, X-ray diffraction, and flow cytometry were performed. The in vivo imaging showed a fluorescence signal after Cd treatment (CdCl2, 1.50 mg/Kg, intraperitoneally). By contrast, the control-rat fluorescence was negative. The fluorescence was divided into three colors, red, yellow, and green, and probably indicates the presence of quantum dots. X-ray diffraction results revealed the presence of Cd sulfide (CdS) and/or Cd selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles following Cd injection in the liver (6.52 nm) and kidneys (56.30 nm). Interestingly, flow cytometry revealed a heterogeneous size distribution and a homogeneous granularity of synthesized nanoparticles. Using the green fluorescence channel and the red fluorescence channel, a narrow green emission spectrum and a broad red emission spectrum were detected, respectively, by cytometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Physiologie Intégrée, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunisia.
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Biological responses related to agonistic, antagonistic and synergistic interactions of chemical species. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2237-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Tolerance and the Trophic Transfer of Contaminants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b10519-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Chen C, Qu L, Zhao J, Liu S, Deng G, Li B, Zhang P, Chai Z. Accumulation of mercury, selenium and their binding proteins in porcine kidney and liver from mercury-exposed areas with the investigation of their redox responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 366:627-37. [PMID: 16457873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The subcellular localization of Se and Hg and their cytosolic binding proteins, including cellular oxidative status, in porcine liver and kidney have been studied by using samples from a chronic Hg-contaminated area and a non-Hg-contaminated area. Coaccumulation and redistribution of Se and Hg in subcellular fractions due to mercury exposure were found. The Hg and Se concentrations in tissues from Hg-exposed porcine were 80 fold and 5-20 fold higher than controls, respectively. Interestingly, the retention of both Se and Hg increased 10% in mitochondria, while decreased 10% in cytosol of Hg-exposed pig liver. Mercury was mainly in the form of MTs in the cytosol of the non-Hg-exposed porcine kidney. MT binds Hg in the cytosol with limited capacity, and the rest Hg was redistributed to the high molecular weight (MW) proteins (80-100 kDa) in the Hg-exposed group. The coaccumulation of Hg and Se was also found in high MW proteins, where their molar ratio tended to be 1:1. Moreover, the Se-containing polypeptides (3-6 kDa) increased significantly both in hepatic and renal cytosol of the Hg-exposed pigs. Se-dependent GSH-Px and SOD activity were increased to cope with Hg-induced oxidative stress. In previous studies, the roles of Se and MTs were generally taken into account separately; we discussed their combining roles in the case of high Hg exposure. The present results were beneficial to understand the existing states of Hg in vivo and evaluate the interaction of toxic and essential elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 918, Beijing 100039, PR China.
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Virtanen JK, Rissanen TH, Voutilainen S, Tuomainen TP. Mercury as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2006; 18:75-85. [PMID: 16781863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is a heavy metal that exists naturally in the environment. Major sources include the burning of fossil fuels (especially coal) and municipal waste incineration. Mercury can exist in several forms, with the most hazardous being organic methylmercury. In waterways (lakes, rivers, reservoirs, etc.), mercury is converted to methylmercury, which then accumulates in fish, especially in large predatory fish. Fish and fish products are the major--if not the only--source of methylmercury in humans. Mercury has long been recognized as a neurotoxin for humans, but in the last 10 years, its potentially harmful effects on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have raised a cause for concern, mostly due to the proposed role of mercury in oxidative stress propagation. Some epidemiological studies have indeed found an association between increased levels of mercury in the body and risk of CVD. There are several plausible mechanisms to explain the association; these are discussed in this review. We also review the epidemiological studies that have investigated the association between mercury and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyrki K Virtanen
- Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Chen C, Yu H, Zhao J, Li B, Qu L, Liu S, Zhang P, Chai Z. The roles of serum selenium and selenoproteins on mercury toxicity in environmental and occupational exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:297-301. [PMID: 16451871 PMCID: PMC1367848 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have found that mercury (Hg) exposure is associated with selenium (Se) accumulation in vivo. However, human studies are limited. To study the interaction between Se and Hg, we investigated the total Se and Hg concentrations in body fluids and serum Se-containing proteins in individuals exposed to high concentrations of Hg. Our objective was to elucidate the possible roles of serum Se and selenoproteins in transporting and binding Hg in human populations. We collected data from 72 subjects: 35 had very low Hg exposure as evidenced by mean Hg concentrations of 0.91 and 1.25 ng/mL measured in serum and urine, respectively; 37 had high exposure (mean Hg concentrations of 38.5 and 86.8 ng/mL measured in serum and urine, respectively). An association between Se and Hg was found in urine (r = 0.625; p < 0.001) but not in serum. Hg exposure may affect Se concentrations and selenoprotein distribution in human serum. Expression of both selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was greatly increased in Hg miners. These increases were accompanied by elevated Se concentrations in serum. In addition, selenoprotein P bound more Hg at higher Hg exposure concentrations. Biochemical observations revealed that both GSH-Px activity and malondialdehyde concentrations increased in serum of the Hg-exposed group. This study aids in the understanding of the interaction between Se and Hg. Selenoproteins play two important roles in protecting against Hg toxicity. First, they may bind more Hg through their highly reactive selenol group, and second, their antioxidative properties help eliminate the reactive oxygen species induced by Hg in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Chen
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques and Laboratory for Nanoscale Materials and Related Bio-Environmental Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Seppänen K, Kantola M, Laatikainen R, Nyyssönen K, Valkonen VP, Kaarlöpp V, Salonen JT. Effect of supplementation with organic selenium on mercury status as measured by mercury in pubic hair. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2000; 14:84-7. [PMID: 10941718 DOI: 10.1016/s0946-672x(00)80035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of four months of yeast-based selenium supplementation on selenium and mercury status in subjects with low serum selenium. The study was carried out in Rakvere, Estonia. Pubic hair mercury, serum selenium and blood selenium concentrations in 23 subjects (serum selenium < 90 micrograms/l) were investigated before and after selenium supplementation. Thirteen subjects were randomized into the selenium supplementation group and ten into the placebo group. The selenium supplementation group received daily 100 micrograms of selenomethionine. Selenium supplementation reduced pubic hair mercury level by 34% (p = 0.005) and elevated serum selenium by 73% and blood selenium by 59% in the supplemented group (p < 0.001 for both). The study indicates that mercury accumulation in pubic hair can be reduced by dietary supplementation with small daily amounts of organic selenium in a short range of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seppänen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kuopio, Finland
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Chapman L, Chan HM. The influence of nutrition on methyl mercury intoxication. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2000; 108 Suppl 1:29-56. [PMID: 10698722 PMCID: PMC1637774 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.00108s129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews progress in the research of methyl mercury (MeHg) and nutrient interactions during the past two decades. Special emphasis is placed on the following three major areas: a) effects on kinetics, b) effects on toxicity, and c) possible mechanisms. Dietary information is not usually collected in most epidemiologic studies examining of the effects of MeHg exposure. However, inconsistency of the MeHg toxicity observed in different populations is commonly attributed to possible effects of dietary modulation. Even though the mechanisms of interaction have not been totally elucidated, research in nutritional toxicology has provided insights into the understanding of the effects of nutrients on MeHg toxicity. Some of this information can be readily incorporated into the risk assessment of MeHg in the diets of fish-eating populations. It is also clear that there is a need for more studies designed specifically to address the role of nutrition in the metabolism and detoxification of MeHg. It is also important to collect more detailed dietary information in future epidemiologic studies of MeHg exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chapman
- Center for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and the Environment and the School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus at McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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