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Carney-Almeida J, Sonnet V, Mouw CB, Rines J, Ciochetto AB, Puggioni G. Detecting Margalefidinium polykrikoides through high-frequency imagery: Example of a bloom formation, environmental conditions, and phytoplankton community composition changes. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 136:102619. [PMID: 38876523 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In August 2018, the harmful algae species Margalefidinium polykrikoides bloomed to levels previously unobserved in the open waters of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, in a transient but intense bloom. Detected by an Imaging FlowCytobot providing hourly data, it is characterized by a time span of less than a week and patchiness with sub-daily oscillations in concentration. The highest concentrations are recorded at lower salinity and higher temperature, suggesting the bloom may have developed in the upper bay and was transported south. The proportion of chains increased during the height of the bloom, and many of the images contained 4-cells per chain. The development of the bloom was favored by optimal temperature and salinity conditions as well as increased nitrogen coincident with greater precipitation and river flow. The period preceding bloom formation also saw a sharp decrease in the dominating large chain-forming diatom Eucampia sp. and highly abundant Skeletonema spp., thus reducing competition over resources for the slow-growing M. polykrikoides. The height of the bloom was reached during the lowest tidal range of the month when the turbulence and water displacement were lower. This time series highlights an out-of-the-ordinary bloom's environmental and biological conditions and the importance of frequent sampling during known favorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Carney-Almeida
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Virginie Sonnet
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Colleen B Mouw
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, USA.
| | - Jan Rines
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Audrey B Ciochetto
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Gavino Puggioni
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Computer Science and Statistics, 80 Upper College Road, Kingston, RI, USA
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2
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Thibodeau PS, Puggioni G, Strock J, Borkman DG, Rynearson TA. Long-term declines in chlorophyll a and variable phenology revealed by a 60-year estuarine plankton time series. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311086121. [PMID: 38739806 PMCID: PMC11127012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311086121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term ecological time series provide a unique perspective on the emergent properties of ecosystems. In aquatic systems, phytoplankton form the base of the food web and their biomass, measured as the concentration of the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a (chl a), is an indicator of ecosystem quality. We analyzed temporal trends in chl a from the Long-Term Plankton Time Series in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA, a temperate estuary experiencing long-term warming and changing anthropogenic nutrient inputs. Dynamic linear models were used to impute and model environmental variables (1959 to 2019) and chl a concentrations (1968 to 2019). A long-term chl a decrease was observed with an average decline in the cumulative annual chl a concentration of 49% and a marked decline of 57% in winter-spring bloom magnitude. The long-term decline in chl a concentration was directly and indirectly associated with multiple environmental factors that are impacted by climate change (e.g., warming temperatures, water column stratification, reduced nutrient concentrations) indicating the importance of accounting for regional climate change effects in ecosystem-based management. Analysis of seasonal phenology revealed that the winter-spring bloom occurred earlier, at a rate of 4.9 ± 2.8 d decade-1. Finally, the high degree of temporal variation in phytoplankton biomass observed in Narragansett Bay appears common among estuaries, coasts, and open oceans. The commonality among these marine ecosystems highlights the need to maintain a robust set of phytoplankton time series in the coming decades to improve signal-to-noise ratios and identify trends in these highly variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavino Puggioni
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI02881
| | - Jacob Strock
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI02882
| | - David G. Borkman
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Office of Water Resources–Shellfish, Providence, RI02908
| | - Tatiana A. Rynearson
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI02882
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Stephens SA, Dance MA, Zapp Sluis M, Kline RJ, Streich MK, Stunz GW, Adams AJ, Wells RJD, Rooker JR. Spatial distribution and movement of Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298394. [PMID: 38451937 PMCID: PMC10919723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) are capable of long-distance migrations (hundreds of kilometers) but also exhibit resident behaviors in estuarine and coastal habitats. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of juvenile tarpon and identify migration pathways of adult tarpon in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Spatial distribution of juvenile tarpon was investigated using gillnet data collected by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) over the past four decades. Generalized additive models (GAMs) indicated that salinity and water temperature played a significant role in tarpon presence, with tarpon occurrences peaking in the fall and increasing over the past four decades in this region. Adult tarpon caught off Texas (n = 40) and Louisiana (n = 4) were tagged with acoustic transmitters to characterize spatial and temporal trends in their movements and migrations. Of the 44 acoustic transmitters deployed, 18 of the individuals were detected (n = 16 west of the Mississippi River Delta and n = 2 east of the Mississippi River Delta). Tarpon tagged west of the Mississippi River Delta off Texas migrated south in the fall and winter into areas of south Texas and potentially into Mexico, while individuals tagged east of the delta migrated into Florida during the same time period, suggesting the presence of two unique migratory contingents or subpopulations in this region. An improved understanding of the habitat requirements and migratory patterns of tarpon inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico is critically needed by resource managers to assess the vulnerability of each contingent to fishing pressure, and this information will guide multi-state and multi-national conservation efforts to rebuild and sustain tarpon populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A. Stephens
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Dance
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Michelle Zapp Sluis
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Kline
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew K. Streich
- Harte Research Institute of Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gregory W. Stunz
- Harte Research Institute of Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Adams
- Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Florida Atlantic University Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
| | - R. J. David Wells
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jay R. Rooker
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Bhattacharjee S, Lekshmi K, Bharti R. Evidences of localized coastal warming near major urban centres along the Indian coastline: past and future trends. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:692. [PMID: 37204521 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale urbanization near the coasts is reported to directly impact physical and biogeochemical characteristics of near shore waters, through hydro-meteorological forcing, developing abnormalities such as coastal warming. This study attempts to understand the impact-magnitude of urban expansion on coastal sea surface temperature (SST) rise in the vicinity of six major cities along the Indian coastline. Different parameters such as air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), precipitation (P), land surface temperature (LST) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) representing the climate over the cities were analysed and AT was found to have highest correlation with increasing coastal SST values, specifically, along the western coast (R2 > 0.93). Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were employed to analyse past (1980-2019) and forecast future (2020-2029) SST trends off all urban coasts. ANN provided comparatively better prediction accuracy with RMSE values ranging from 0.40 to 0.76 K compared to the seasonal ARIMA model (RMSE: 0.60-1 K). Prediction accuracy further improved by coupling ANN with discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) which could reduce the data noise (RMSE: 0.37-0.63 K). The entire study period (1980-2029) revealed significant and consistent increase in SST values (0.5-1 K) along the western coastal cities which varied considerably along the east coast (from north to south), indicating the influence of tropical cyclones combined with increased river influx. Such unnatural interferences in the dynamic land-atmosphere-ocean circulation not only render the coastal ecosystems vulnerable to degradation but also potentially develop a feedback effect which impacts the general climatology of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Bhattacharjee
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Guwahati Assam, 781039, India.
| | - K Lekshmi
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Guwahati Assam, 781039, India
| | - Rishikesh Bharti
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Guwahati Assam, 781039, India
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Sterling AR, Kirk RD, Bertin MJ, Rynearson TA, Borkman DG, Caponi MC, Carney J, Hubbard KA, King MA, Maranda L, McDermith EJ, Santos NR, Strock JP, Tully EM, Vaverka SB, Wilson PD, Jenkins BD. Emerging harmful algal blooms caused by distinct seasonal assemblages of a toxic diatom. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2022; 67:2341-2359. [PMID: 36636629 PMCID: PMC9827834 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms in the Pseudo-nitzschia genus produce the neurotoxin domoic acid. Domoic acid bioaccumulates in shellfish, causing illness in humans and marine animals upon ingestion. In 2017, high domoic acid levels in shellfish meat closed shellfish harvest in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island for the first and only time in history, although abundant Pseudo-nitzschia have been observed for over 60 years. To investigate whether an environmental factor altered endemic Pseudo-nitzschia physiology or new domoic acid-producing strain(s) were introduced to Narragansett Bay, we conducted weekly sampling from 2017 to 2019 and compared closure samples. Plankton-associated domoic acid was quantified by LC-MS/MS and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were identified using a taxonomically improved high-throughput rDNA sequencing approach. Comparison with environmental data revealed a detailed understanding of domoic acid dynamics and seasonal multi-species assemblages. Plankton-associated domoic acid was low throughout 2017-2019, but recurred in fall and early summer maxima. Fall domoic acid maxima contained known toxic species as well as a novel Pseudo-nitzschia genotype. Summer domoic acid maxima included fewer species but also known toxin producers. Most 2017 closure samples contained the particularly concerning toxic species, P. australis, which also appeared infrequently during 2017-2019. Recurring Pseudo-nitzschia assemblages were driven by seasonal temperature changes, and plankton-associated domoic acid correlated with low dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Thus, the Narragansett Bay closures were likely caused by both resident assemblages that become toxic depending on nutrient status as well as the episodic introductions of toxic species from oceanographic and climatic shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R. Sterling
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
| | - Riley D. Kirk
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy, University of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
| | - Matthew J. Bertin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy, University of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
| | - Tatiana A. Rynearson
- Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansettRhode Island
| | - David G. Borkman
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental ManagementOffice of Water ResourcesProvidenceRhode Island
| | - Marissa C. Caponi
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
| | - Jessica Carney
- Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansettRhode Island
| | - Katherine A. Hubbard
- Fish and Wildlife Research InstituteFlorida Fish and Wildlife Conservation CommissionSt. PetersburgFlorida
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human HealthWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMassachusetts
| | - Meagan A. King
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
| | - Lucie Maranda
- Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansettRhode Island
| | - Emily J. McDermith
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
| | - Nina R. Santos
- Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansettRhode Island
| | - Jacob P. Strock
- Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansettRhode Island
| | - Erin M. Tully
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Samantha B. Vaverka
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
| | - Patrick D. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
| | - Bethany D. Jenkins
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode Island
- Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansettRhode Island
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6
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Robinson SB, Oczkowski A, McManus MC, Chintala M, Ayvazian S. Growth Rates for Quahogs (Mercenaria mercenaria) in a Reduced Nitrogen Environment in Narragansett Bay, RI. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2020. [DOI: 10.1656/045.027.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra B. Robinson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, CEMM, ACESD, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Autumn Oczkowski
- US Environmental Protection Agency, CEMM, ACESD, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - M. Conor McManus
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Division of Marine Fisheries, Jamestown, RI 02835
| | - Marnita Chintala
- US Environmental Protection Agency, CEMM, ACESD, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Suzanne Ayvazian
- US Environmental Protection Agency, CEMM, ACESD, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882
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7
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Fewer Copepods, Fewer Anchovies, and More Jellyfish: How Does Hypoxia Impact the Chesapeake Bay Zooplankton Community? DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To understand dissolved oxygen deficiency in Chesapeake Bay and its direct impact on zooplankton and planktivorous fish communities, six research cruises were conducted at two sites in the Chesapeake Bay from spring to autumn in 2010 and 2011. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were measured from hourly conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) casts, and crustacean zooplankton, planktivorous fish and gelatinous zooplankton were collected with nets and trawls. CTD data were grouped into three temperature groups and two dissolved oxygen-level subgroups using principal component analysis (PCA). Species concentrations and copepod nonpredatory mortalities were compared between oxygenated conditions within each temperature group. Under hypoxic conditions, there usually were significantly fewer copepods Acartia tonsa and bay anchovies Anchoa mitchilli, but more bay nettles Chyrsaora chesapeakei and lobate ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi. Neutral red staining of copepod samples confirmed that copepod nonpredatory mortalities were higher under hypoxic conditions than under normoxia, indicating that the sudden decline in copepod concentration in summer was directly associated with hypoxia. Because comparisons were made within each temperature group, the effects of temperature were isolated, and hypoxia was clearly shown to have contributed to copepod decreases, planktivorous fish decreases, and gelatinous zooplankton increases. This research quantified the direct effects of hypoxia and explained the interactions between seasonality and hypoxia on the zooplankton population.
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8
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Climate Change Impact in the Ria de Aveiro Lagoon Ecosystem: A Case Study. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse7100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and global sea-level rise are major issues of the 21st century. The main goal of this study is to assess the physical and biogeochemical status of the Ria de Aveiro lagoon (Portugal) under future climate scenarios, using a coupled physical/ eutrophication model. The impact on the lagoon ecosystem status of the mean sea level rise (MSLR), the amplitude rise of the M2 tidal constituent (M2R), the changes in the river discharge, and the rising of the air temperature was investigated. Under MSLR and M2R, the results point to an overall salinity increase and water temperature decrease, revealing ocean water dominance. The main lagoon areas presented salinity values close to those of the ocean waters (~34 PSU), while a high range of salinity was presented for the river and the far end areas (20–34 PSU). The water temperature showed a decrease of approximately 0.5–1.5 °C. The responses of the biogeochemical variables reflect the increase of the oceanic inflow (transparent and nutrient-poor water) or the reduction of the river flows (nutrient-rich waters). The results evidenced, under the scenarios, an overall decreasing of the inorganic nitrogen concentration and the carbon phytoplankton concentrations. A warm climate, although increasing the water temperature, does not seem to affect the lagoon’s main status, at least in the frame of the model used in the study.
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Snyder JT, Whitney MM, Dam HG, Jacobs MW, Baumann H. Citizen science observations reveal rapid, multi-decadal ecosystem changes in eastern Long Island Sound. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 146:80-88. [PMID: 30926196 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Long-term environmental records are among the most valuable assets for understanding the trajectory and consequences of climate change. Here we report on a newly recovered time-series from Project Oceanology, a non-profit ocean science organization serving New England schools (USA) since 1972. As part of its educational mission, Project Oceanology has routinely and consistently recorded water temperature, pH, and oxygen as well as invertebrate and fish abundance in nearshore waters of the Thames River estuary in eastern Long Island Sound (LIS). We digitized these long-term records to test for decadal trends in abiotic and biotic variables including shifts in species abundance, richness, and diversity. Consistent with previous studies, the data revealed an above-average warming rate of eastern LIS waters over the past four decades (+0.45 °C decade-1), a non-linear acidification trend twice the global average (-0.04 pH units decade-1), and a notable decline in whole water-column dissolved oxygen concentrations (-0.29 mg L-1 decade-1). Trawl catches between 1997 and 2016 suggested a significant decrease in overall species diversity and richness, declines in cold-water adapted species such as American lobster (Homarus americanus), rock crab (Cancer irroratus), and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), but concurrent increases in the warm-water decapod Libinia emarginata (spider crab). Our study confirmed that Long Island Sound is a rapidly changing urban estuary, while demonstrating the value of long-term observations made by citizen-scientists, educators, and other stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Snyder
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Michael M Whitney
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hans G Dam
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Molly W Jacobs
- Project Oceanology, 1084 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hannes Baumann
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA.
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Hale SS, Buffum HW, Hughes MM. Six decades of change in pollution and benthic invertebrate biodiversity in a southern New England estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:77-87. [PMID: 30041375 PMCID: PMC6075737 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollution has led to a decline of benthic invertebrate biodiversity of Narragansett Bay, raising questions about effects on ecosystem functions and services including shellfish production, energy flow to fishes, and biogeochemical cycles. Changes in community composition and taxonomic distinctness (biodiversity) were calculated from the 1950s-when quantitative benthic invertebrate data first became available-to 2015. Change in community composition of the bay was correlated with changes in dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, and sediment contaminants. A mid-bay reference site showed moderate changes in community composition but no change in biodiversity. In contrast, a more impacted site in the upper bay showed substantial differences in community composition over time and a decline in taxonomic distinctness. Bay-wide, as inputs of some stressors such as nutrients and sediment contaminants have declined, there are signs of recovery of benthic biodiversity but other stressors such as temperature and watershed development are increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Hale
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
| | - Henry W Buffum
- CSRA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA 02882
| | - Melissa M Hughes
- CSRA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA 02882
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11
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Oczkowski A, Schmidt C, Santos E, Miller K, Hanson A, Cobb D, Krumholz J, Pimenta A, Heffner L, Robinson S, Chaves J, McKinney R. How the distribution of anthropogenic nitrogen has changed in Narragansett Bay (RI, USA) following major reductions in nutrient loads. ESTUARIES AND COASTS : JOURNAL OF THE ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION 2018; 41:2260-2276. [PMID: 30971866 PMCID: PMC6452444 DOI: 10.1007/s12237-018-0435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, nitrogen (N) loads to Narragansett Bay have decreased by more than 50%. These reductions were, in large part, the direct result of multiple wastewater treatment facility upgrades to tertiary treatment, a process which employs N removal. Here we document ecosystem response to the N reductions and assess how the distribution of sewage N in Narragansett Bay has changed from before, during, and shortly after the upgrades. While others have observed clear responses when data were considered annually, our seasonal and regional comparisons of pre- and post-tertiary treatment dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations and Secchi depth data, from bay-wide surveys conducted periodically from the early 1970s through 2016, resulted in only a few subtle differences. Thus we sought to use stable isotope data to assess how sewage N is incorporated into the ecology of the Bay and how its distribution may have changed after the upgrades. The nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotope measurements of particulate matter served as a proxy for phytoplankton, while macroalgae served as short-term integrators of water column bio-available N, and hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) as integrators of water column production. In contrast to other estuarine stable isotope studies that have observed an increased influence of isotopically lower marine N when sewage N is reduced, the opposite has occurred in Narragansett Bay. The tertiary treatment upgrades have increased the effluent δ15N values by at least 2‰. The plants and animals throughout Narragansett Bay have similarly increased by 1-2‰, on average. In contrast, the δ13C values measured in particulate matter and hard clams have declined by about the same amount. The δ15N results indicated that, even after the N-reductions, sewage N still plays an important role in supporting primary and secondary production throughout the Bay. However, the δ13C suggest that overall net production in Narragansett Bay has decreased. In the five years after the major wastewater treatment facilities came on-line for nutrient removal, oligotrophication has begun but sewage remains the dominant source of N to Narragansett Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Oczkowski
- US EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr. Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Courtney Schmidt
- Narragansett Bay Estuary Program - NEIWPCC 235 Promenade St. Suite 310 Providence, RI 02908
| | - Emily Santos
- Humboldt State University, Geology, 1 Harpst St. Arcata, CA 95521
| | - Kenneth Miller
- CSRA LLC, 6361 Walker Lane Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22310
| | - Alana Hanson
- US EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr. Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Donald Cobb
- US EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr. Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Jason Krumholz
- McLaughlin Research Corporation, 132 Johnnycake Hill Rd., Middletown, RI 02842
| | - Adam Pimenta
- US EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr. Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Leanna Heffner
- Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 1011 E. Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503
| | - Sandra Robinson
- US EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr. Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Joaquín Chaves
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Rick McKinney
- US EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr. Narragansett, RI 02882
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12
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Smith SM. Multidecadal Trends in Atmospheric and Ocean Conditions in Offshore Waters Near Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2017. [DOI: 10.1656/045.024.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Smith
- National Park Service, Cape Cod National Seashore, Wellfleet, MA 02667
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Hale SS, Buffum HW, Kiddon JA, Hughes MM. Subtidal Benthic Invertebrates Shifting Northward Along the US Atlantic Coast. ESTUARIES AND COASTS : JOURNAL OF THE ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION 2017; 40:1744-1756. [PMID: 30220891 PMCID: PMC6134851 DOI: 10.1007/s12237-017-0236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous marine and terrestrial species have shifted their ranges poleward in response to warming from global climate change. However, few studies have examined range shifts of subtidal benthic communities in estuarine and nearshore waters. This study examined 20 years (1990-2010) of occurrence and abundance data of soft-bottom, benthic invertebrates along the Atlantic coast of the USA. Data from two biogeographic provinces (Carolinian and Virginian), which spanned 15° of latitude from mid-Florida to Cape Cod, were extracted from a national coastal assessment program. Mean water temperatures increased significantly during the study period, bottom water by 1.6 °C and surface water by 1.7 °C. Of 25 species with significant changes in centers of abundance (out of the 30 most prevalent), 18 (60%) shifted northward and 7 (23%) shifted southward. Species that shifted north moved an average distance of 181 km, in contrast with 65 km for species that shifted south. The southern limits of 22 species showed significant northward shifts; because there was little change in northern limits, this resulted in an average 25% range contraction. Community composition changed during the study period, most notably in southern latitudes. Five Carolinian species surmounted their northerly biogeographic boundary. Consequences of these range shifts include changes in benthic community structure and function, which have strong implications for ecosystem functioning and services including changes in fisheries dependent upon benthic prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S. Hale
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental, Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Henry W. Buffum
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental, Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - John A. Kiddon
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental, Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
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Hernán G, Ortega MJ, Gándara AM, Castejón I, Terrados J, Tomas F. Future warmer seas: increased stress and susceptibility to grazing in seedlings of a marine habitat-forming species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4530-4543. [PMID: 28544549 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increases in seawater temperature are expected to have negative consequences for marine organisms. Beyond individual effects, species-specific differences in thermal tolerance are predicted to modify species interactions and increase the strength of top-down effects, particularly in plant-herbivore interactions. Shifts in trophic interactions will be especially important when affecting habitat-forming species such as seagrasses, as the consequences on their abundance will cascade throughout the food web. Seagrasses are a major component of coastal ecosystems offering important ecosystem services, but are threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including warming. The mechanistic understanding of seagrass responses to warming at multiple scales of organization remains largely unexplored, especially in early-life stages such as seedlings. Yet, these early-life stages are critical for seagrass expansion processes and adaptation to climate change. In this study, we determined the effects of a 3 month experimental exposure to present and predicted mean summer SST of the Mediterranean Sea (25°C, 27°C, and 29°C) on the photophysiology, size, and ecology (i.e., plant-herbivore interactions) of seedlings of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Warming resulted in increased mortality, leaf necrosis, and respiration as well as lower carbohydrate reserves in the seed, the main storage organ in seedlings. Aboveground biomass and root growth were also limited with warming, which could hamper seedling establishment success. Furthermore, warming increased the susceptibility to consumption by grazers, likely due to lower leaf fiber content and thickness. Our results indicate that warming will negatively affect seagrass seedlings through multiple direct and indirect pathways: increased stress, reduced establishment potential, lower storage of carbohydrate reserves, and increased susceptibly to consumption. This work provides a significant step forward in understanding the major mechanisms that will drive the capacity of seagrass seedlings to adapt and survive to warming, highlighting the potential additive effects that herbivory will have on ultimately determining seedling success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Hernán
- Departament of Ecology and Marine Resources, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - María J Ortega
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alberto M Gándara
- Departament of Ecology and Marine Resources, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Inés Castejón
- Departament of Ecology and Marine Resources, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Jorge Terrados
- Departament of Ecology and Marine Resources, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Fiona Tomas
- Departament of Ecology and Marine Resources, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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15
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Rice E, Stewart G. Decadal changes in zooplankton abundance and phenology of Long Island Sound reflect interacting changes in temperature and community composition. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 120:154-165. [PMID: 27552121 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Between 1939 and 1982, several surveys indicated that zooplankton in Long Island Sound, NY (LIS) appeared to follow an annual cycle typical of the Mid-Atlantic coast of North America. Abundance peaked in both early spring and late summer and the peaks were similar in magnitude. In recent decades, this cycle appeared to have shifted. Only one large peak tended to occur, and summer copepod abundance was consistently reduced by ∼60% from 1939 to 1982 levels. In other Mid-Atlantic coastal systems such a dramatic shift has been attributed to the earlier appearance of ctenophores, particularly Mnemiopsis leidyi, during warmer spring months. However, over a decade of surveys in LIS have consistently found near-zero values in M. leidyi biomass during spring months. Our multiple linear regression model indicates that summer M. leidyi biomass during this decade explains <25% of the variation in summer copepod abundance. During these recent, warmer years, summer copepod community shifts appear to explain the loss of copepod abundance. Although Acartia tonsa in 2010-2011 appeared to be present all year long, it was no longer the dominant summer zooplankton species. Warmer summers have been associated with an increase in cyanobacteria and flagellates, which are not consumed efficiently by A. tonsa. This suggests that in warming coastal systems multiple environmental and biological factors interact and likely underlie dramatic alterations to copepod phenology, not single causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Rice
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367, USA; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Gillian Stewart
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367, USA; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Borkman DG, Smayda TJ. Coincident patterns of waste water suspended solids reduction, water transparency increase and chlorophyll decline in Narragansett Bay. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 107:161-169. [PMID: 27087354 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic changes occurred in Narragansett Bay during the 1980s: water clarity increased, while phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll concentration decreased. We examine how changes in total suspended solids (TSS) loading from wastewater treatment plants may have influenced this decline in phytoplankton chlorophyll. TSS loading, light and phytoplankton observations were compiled and a light- and temperature-dependent Skeletonema-based phytoplankton growth model was applied to evaluate chlorophyll supported by TSS nitrogen during 1983-1995. TSS loading declined 75% from ~0.60×10(6)kgmonth(-1) to ~0.15×10(6)kgmonth(-1) during 1983-1995. Model results indicate that nitrogen reduction related to TSS reduction was minor and explained a small fraction (~15%) of the long-term chlorophyll decline. The decline in NBay TSS loading appears to have increased water clarity and in situ irradiance and contributed to the long-term chlorophyll decline by inducing a physiological response of a ~20% reduction in chlorophyll per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Borkman
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA.
| | - Theodore J Smayda
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
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17
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Oczkowski A, McKinney R, Ayvazian S, Hanson A, Wigand C, Markham E. Preliminary Evidence for the Amplification of Global Warming in Shallow, Intertidal Estuarine Waters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141529. [PMID: 26510009 PMCID: PMC4624981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, mean annual water temperature in northeastern U.S. estuaries has increased by approximately 1.2°C, with most of the warming recorded in the winter and early spring. A recent survey and synthesis of data from four locations in Southern Rhode Island has led us to hypothesize that this warming may be amplified in the shallow (<1 m), nearshore portions of these estuaries. While intertidal areas are not typically selected as locations for long-term monitoring, we compiled data from published literature, theses, and reports that suggest that enhanced warming may be occurring, perhaps at rates three times higher than deeper estuarine waters. Warmer spring waters may be one of the factors influencing biota residing in intertidal regions both in general as well as at our specific sites. We observed greater abundance of fish, and size of Menidia sp., in recent (2010–2012) seine surveys compared to similar collections in 1962. While any linkages are speculative and data are preliminary, taken together they suggest that shallow intertidal portions of estuaries may be important places to look for the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Oczkowski
- Atlantic Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard McKinney
- Atlantic Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Ayvazian
- Atlantic Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Alana Hanson
- Atlantic Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Cathleen Wigand
- Atlantic Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Erin Markham
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States of America
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Decadal Patterns of Westerly Winds, Temperatures, Ocean Gyre Circulations and Fish Abundance: A Review. CLIMATE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/cli3040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Altieri AH, Gedan KB. Climate change and dead zones. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:1395-406. [PMID: 25385668 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries and coastal seas provide valuable ecosystem services but are particularly vulnerable to the co-occurring threats of climate change and oxygen-depleted dead zones. We analyzed the severity of climate change predicted for existing dead zones, and found that 94% of dead zones are in regions that will experience at least a 2 °C temperature increase by the end of the century. We then reviewed how climate change will exacerbate hypoxic conditions through oceanographic, ecological, and physiological processes. We found evidence that suggests numerous climate variables including temperature, ocean acidification, sea-level rise, precipitation, wind, and storm patterns will affect dead zones, and that each of those factors has the potential to act through multiple pathways on both oxygen availability and ecological responses to hypoxia. Given the variety and strength of the mechanisms by which climate change exacerbates hypoxia, and the rates at which climate is changing, we posit that climate change variables are contributing to the dead zone epidemic by acting synergistically with one another and with recognized anthropogenic triggers of hypoxia including eutrophication. This suggests that a multidisciplinary, integrated approach that considers the full range of climate variables is needed to track and potentially reverse the spread of dead zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Altieri
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, 0843-03092, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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21
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Langer MR, Weinmann AE, Lötters S, Bernhard JM, Rödder D. Climate-driven range extension of Amphistegina (protista, foraminiferida): models of current and predicted future ranges. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54443. [PMID: 23405081 PMCID: PMC3566174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-range expansions are a predicted and realized consequence of global climate change. Climate warming and the poleward widening of the tropical belt have induced range shifts in a variety of marine and terrestrial species. Range expansions may have broad implications on native biota and ecosystem functioning as shifting species may perturb recipient communities. Larger symbiont-bearing foraminifera constitute ubiquitous and prominent components of shallow water ecosystems, and range shifts of these important protists are likely to trigger changes in ecosystem functioning. We have used historical and newly acquired occurrence records to compute current range shifts of Amphistegina spp., a larger symbiont-bearing foraminifera, along the eastern coastline of Africa and compare them to analogous range shifts currently observed in the Mediterranean Sea. The study provides new evidence that amphisteginid foraminifera are rapidly progressing southwestward, closely approaching Port Edward (South Africa) at 31°S. To project future species distributions, we applied a species distribution model (SDM) based on ecological niche constraints of current distribution ranges. Our model indicates that further warming is likely to cause a continued range extension, and predicts dispersal along nearly the entire southeastern coast of Africa. The average rates of amphisteginid range shift were computed between 8 and 2.7 km year−1, and are projected to lead to a total southward range expansion of 267 km, or 2.4° latitude, in the year 2100. Our results corroborate findings from the fossil record that some larger symbiont-bearing foraminifera cope well with rising water temperatures and are beneficiaries of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Langer
- Steinmann Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Codiga DL. Density stratification in an estuary with complex geometry: Driving processes and relationship to hypoxia on monthly to inter-annual timescales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jc008473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Seekell DA, Pace ML. Climate change drives warming in the Hudson River Estuary, New York (USA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2321-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10053j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Blake RE, Duffy JE. Grazer diversity affects resistance to multiple stressors in an experimental seagrass ecosystem. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Structure and Function of Warm Temperate East Australian Coastal Lagoons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1201/ebk1420088304-c18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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26
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Smith LM, Whitehouse S, Oviatt CA. Impacts of Climate Change on Narragansett Bay. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2010. [DOI: 10.1656/045.017.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim Y, Powell EN. Effects of Climate Variability on Interannual Variation in Parasites, Pathologies, and Physiological Attributes of Bivalves from the U.S. East, Gulf, and West Coasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15555270802708830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Wuenschel MJ, Able KW, Byrne D. Seasonal patterns of winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus abundance and reproductive condition on the New York Bight continental shelf. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 74:1508-1524. [PMID: 20735650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To resolve varied and sometimes conflicting accounts of spawning and habitat characteristics for winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, seasonal patterns in abundance and reproductive condition were investigated in the New York Bight, near the southern edge of their current reproductive range. Fish were collected from trawl surveys on the inner continental shelf from October 2006 to October 2007. Pseudopleuronectes americanus were most abundant during January and April surveys, were rarely collected in August, with intermediate abundances in June and October. Measurements of fish condition [hepato-somatic index (I(H)), condition factor (K) and the per cent dry mass of muscle tissue (%M(D))] and reproductive condition [gonado-somatic index (I(G))] were determined to evaluate seasonal changes in energy accumulation and depletion and reproduction. Males and females had similar patterns in body and reproductive condition, although the magnitude of change was greater for females. I(H) values were highest during spring and early summer, suggesting increased feeding following spawning. K and %M(D) increased through spring and summer then declined in the autumn and winter concurrent with gonadal development. Gonads began developing in the autumn, and in January, I(G) values approached spawning levels, with many spent individuals collected in spring. Within these general patterns, however, there was a large degree of variability among individuals, and a few mature non-reproductive ('skipped spawning') females were observed. In the period after spawning, increased energy intake, indicated by increased I(H), may influence reproductive output since this energy is gradually transferred to the muscle and used for gonadal development in the forthcoming year. The occurrence of ripening individuals on the inner continental shelf in January suggests that these fish either rapidly move into estuaries to spawn by February-March or they remain on the inner shelf to spawn, or some combination of these. Future studies should evaluate these possibilities, as both estuarine and inner shelf habitats are potentially affected by activities such as dredging, sand dredging and wind energy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wuenschel
- Rutgers University Marine Field Station, 800 c/o 132 Great Bay Blvd., Tuckerton, NJ 08087, USA.
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29
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Cloern JE, Jassby AD. Complex seasonal patterns of primary producers at the land-sea interface. Ecol Lett 2008; 11:1294-303. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Net Sediment N2 Fluxes in a Coastal Marine System—Experimental Manipulations and a Conceptual Model. Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Lee YJ. Interannual variability of temperature and salinity in shallow water: Long Island Sound, New York. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jc002507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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