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Ahmed N, El-Nakib HE, Ramsis MM, Albably NO, Wober J, Weigand JJ, Schwedtmann K, Zierau O, Abadi AH. Structure-Activity Relationships of Triphenylethylene Derivatives and Their Evaluation as Anticancer and Antiviral Agents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25903-25923. [PMID: 37521647 PMCID: PMC10373199 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is used in the treatment of breast cancer, yet with the risk of developing uterine cancer. A perfect SERM would act as an estrogen activator on bones, the cardiovascular system, and the central nervous system while providing neutral or estrogen blocking effects on the breast and the uterus. Herein, we report on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of new rigid and flexible TAM analogues. Mainly, a chloro substituent is introduced at the para position of the TAM ring C blocking the CYP2D6 hydroxylation site. Most compounds showed estrogenic activity higher than TAM using the yeast estrogen screen assays, indicating the determinant role of the chloro substituent upon functional activity. Despite being estrogenic, compound 2B showed potent antiproliferative activity in the NCI 60 cell lines with mean GI50 = 3.67 μM, GI50 = 1.05 μM on MCF-7 cell lines, and GI50 = 1.30 μM on MDA-MB-231. The estrogenic activity of compound 2B was further confirmed by stimulating alkaline phosphatase in Ishikawa cells, and it showed no increase in relative uterine wet weight in ovariectomized rats. Compound 2F showed EC90 = 0.31 μg/mL and SI90 = 60 against Ebola virus; this is 200-fold more potent than the positive control favipiravir. This is the first time to report estrogenic triphenylethylenes as anti-EBOV agents. The anti-EBOV activity reported is a function of the substitution pattern of the scaffold rather than the functional activity. Moreover, compound 3D showed excellent PO pharmacokinetic properties in mice. In conclusion, for this class of TAM-like compounds, the blockage of the p-position of ring C is decisive for the functional activity; meanwhile, the triarylethylene substitution pattern is detrimental for the antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin
S. Ahmed
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba E. El-Nakib
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marian M. Ramsis
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran O. Albably
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jannette Wober
- Faculty
of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Molecular
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Molecular
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Faculty
of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Fan Y, Qian H, Wu Z, Li Z, Li X, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Lu C, Wang X. Exploratory analysis of the associations between urinary phytoestrogens and thyroid hormones among adolescents and adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2974-2984. [PMID: 34383217 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are naturally plant-derived compounds that could bind to estrogen receptors and mimic estrogenic effects. Previous studies showed a positive association between phytoestrogens and hypothyroidism; however, little is known on phytoestrogens and thyroid hormones. This study was designed to investigate the associations between urinary phytoestrogens and thyroid hormone levels. Based on the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010, 4103 participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Linear regression models and multiple linear regressions models were applied to examine the relationships between urinary phytoestrogens and thyroid hormone levels. Urinary O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) was found to be correlated with serum FT4 levels in the female 20-60-year-of-age group (β=0.018, 95% CI: 0.006, 0.031). Higher enterolactone (ENT) levels were significantly positively associated with TSH levels in the 12-19-year-of-age female group (β=0.196, 95% CI: 0.081, 0.311). In the male group, enterodiol (END) was significantly positively correlated with TSH and TT3 in the 12-19-year-of-age group, respectively (TT3: β=3.444, 95% CI: 0.150, 6.737; TSH: β=0.104, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.203). However, equol (EQU) levels were negatively associated with TT4 (12-19-year-of-age: β=- 0.166, 95% CI: - 0.279, - 0.034; 20-60-year-of-age: β=- 0.132, 95% CI: - 0.230, - 0.034). Our study provided epidemiological evidence that urinary phytoestrogens were powerfully associated with thyroid hormone levels. The results also supported that phytoestrogens acted as endocrine disruptors. It is imperative and important to pay attention to the intake of phytoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiuzhu Li
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Manipulating Estrogenic/Anti-Estrogenic Activity of Triphenylethylenes towards Development of Novel Anti-Neoplastic SERMs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212575. [PMID: 34830456 PMCID: PMC8621172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) act as estrogen receptor (ERα) agonists or antagonists depending on the target issue. Tamoxifen (TAM) (a non-steroidal triphenylethylene derivative) was the first SERM approved as anti-estrogen for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. On the hunt for novel SERMs with potential growth inhibitory activity on breast cancer cell lines yet no potential to induce endometrial carcinoma, we designed and synthesized 28 novel TAM analogs. The novel analogs bear a triphenylethylene scaffold. Modifications on rings A, B, and C aim to attenuate estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activities of the novel compounds so they can potentially inhibit breast cancer and provide positive, beneficial estrogenic effects on other tissues with no risk of developing endometrial hyperplasia. Compound 12 (E/Z-1-(2-{4-[1-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-propenyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl)-piperidine) showed an appreciable relative ERα agonistic activity in a yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay. It successfully inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 cell line with GI50 = 0.6 µM, and it was approximately three times more potent than TAM. It showed no potential estrogenicity on Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line via assaying alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) activity. Compound 12 was tested in vivo to assess its estrogenic properties in an uterotrophic assay in an ovariectomized rat model. Compared to TAM, it induced less increase in wet uterine wet weight and showed no uterotrophic effect. Compound 12 is a promising candidate for further development due to its inhibition activity on MCF-7 proliferation with moderate AlkP activity and no potential uterotrophic effects. The in vitro estrogenic activity encourages further investigations toward potential beneficial properties in cardiovascular, bone, and brain tissues.
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D’Arrigo G, Gianquinto E, Rossetti G, Cruciani G, Lorenzetti S, Spyrakis F. Binding of Androgen- and Estrogen-Like Flavonoids to Their Cognate (Non)Nuclear Receptors: A Comparison by Computational Prediction. Molecules 2021; 26:1613. [PMID: 33799482 PMCID: PMC8001607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant bioactives that are recognized as hormone-like polyphenols because of their similarity to the endogenous sex steroids 17β-estradiol and testosterone, and to their estrogen- and androgen-like activity. Most efforts to verify flavonoid binding to nuclear receptors (NRs) and explain their action have been focused on ERα, while less attention has been paid to other nuclear and non-nuclear membrane androgen and estrogen receptors. Here, we investigate six flavonoids (apigenin, genistein, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin, and resveratrol) that are widely present in fruits and vegetables, and often used as replacement therapy in menopause. We performed comparative computational docking simulations to predict their capability of binding nuclear receptors ERα, ERβ, ERRβ, ERRγ, androgen receptor (AR), and its variant ART877A and membrane receptors for androgens, i.e., ZIP9, GPRC6A, OXER1, TRPM8, and estrogens, i.e., G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER). In agreement with data reported in literature, our results suggest that these flavonoids show a relevant degree of complementarity with both estrogen and androgen NR binding sites, likely triggering genomic-mediated effects. It is noteworthy that reliable protein-ligand complexes and estimated interaction energies were also obtained for some suggested estrogen and androgen membrane receptors, indicating that flavonoids could also exert non-genomic actions. Further investigations are needed to clarify flavonoid multiple genomic and non-genomic effects. Caution in their administration could be necessary, until the safe assumption of these natural molecules that are largely present in food is assured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D’Arrigo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Eleonora Gianquinto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9) and Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS-5) “Computational Biomedicine”, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Supercomputing Center (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH, Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.D.); (E.G.)
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5
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Heras-González L, Latorre J, Martinez-Bebia M, Espino D, Olea-Serrano F, Mariscal-Arcas M. The relationship of obesity with lifestyle and dietary exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:110983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Liu J, Mi S, Du L, Li X, Li P, Jia K, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhao W, Gao Y. The associations between plasma phytoestrogens concentration and metabolic syndrome risks in Chinese population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194639. [PMID: 29558501 PMCID: PMC5860756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become an important issue in the healthcare systems of both developed and developing countries. Phytoestrogens have shown estrogenic effects, which may involve in the etiology of MetS. The current study consisted of 293 MetS cases and 264 healthy controls. The concentrations of seven plasma phytoestrogens (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, enterolactone, enterodiol and coumestrol) were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. Adjusted unconditional logistic regression was used to assess the associations between plasma phytoestrogens concentration and risks of MetS, as well as the associations between plasma phytoestrogens concentration and MetS components. Linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between equol concentration in equol-producers and MetS components. Higher concentrations of total isoflavone and equol were associated with decreased risk of MetS. The equol concentration was negatively associated with waist circumference and positively associated with HDL-C level. Increased daidzein was associated with both lower waist circumference and lower fasting blood glucose levels. Our results suggested that higher plasma total isoflavone, equol and daidzein might decrease MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengquan Mi
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Du
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (WZ)
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (WZ)
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7
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Lorenzetti S, Cozzini P. The Substitution Principle within the REACH Regulation: Nuclear Receptor-Bound Endocrine Disruptors. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.11131/2017/101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lorenzetti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Cozzini
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Department of Food Sciences, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Busayapongchai P, Siri S. Simple assay for screening phytoestrogenic compounds using the oestrogen receptor immobilised magnetite nanoparticles. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:395-402. [PMID: 28530188 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing interests of phytoestrogens for their potential applications, a rapid and simple tool for screening these phytochemicals is still required. In this study, a simple assay to detect phytoestrogens was developed based on the competition binding between the tested samples and the fluorescently labelled oestrogen (E2) to the human ligand binding domain of oestrogen receptor (LBD-ER) that was immobilised on the magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs). The 40-kDa LBD-ER peptide was produced in an Escherichia coli system. The synthesised 68.7-nm MNPs were silanised and subsequently covalently linked to the C-terminus of LBD-ER peptide. The LBD-ER immobilised MNPs demonstrated the specific binding for the standard E2 with the equilibrium dissociation constant of 9.56 nM and the binding capacity of 0.08 pmol/1 mg of the MNPs. The LBD-ER immobilised MNPs could evaluate oestrogenic activity of the extracts of Asparagus racemosus and Curcuma comosa, the reported phytoestrogenic plants, but not progesterone (P4) and Raphanus sativus extract, the negative controls. The results of this work clearly demonstrated a potential assay for detecting phytoestrogens of crude plant extracts, which is simple and easily adapted to a high throughput format.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sineenat Siri
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
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Marcoccia D, Pellegrini M, Fiocchetti M, Lorenzetti S, Marino M. Food components and contaminants as (anti)androgenic molecules. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:6. [PMID: 28239427 PMCID: PMC5312591 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Androgens, the main male sex steroids, are the critical factors responsible for the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and for the achievement of sexual maturation and puberty. In adulthood, androgens remain essential for the maintenance of male reproductive function and behavior. Androgens, acting through the androgen receptor (AR), regulate male sexual differentiation during development, sperm production beginning from puberty, and maintenance of prostate homeostasis. Several substances present in the environment, now classified as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), strongly interfere with androgen actions in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. EDCs are a heterogeneous group of xenobiotics which include synthetic chemicals used as industrial solvents/lubricants, plasticizers, additives, agrochemicals, pharmaceutical agents, and polyphenols of plant origin. These compounds are even present in the food as components (polyphenols) or food/water contaminants (pesticides, plasticizers used as food packaging) rendering the diet as the main route of exposure to EDCs for humans. Although huge amount of literature reports the (anti)estrogenic effects of different EDCs, relatively scarce information is available on the (anti)androgenic effects of EDCs. Here, the effects and mechanism of action of phytochemicals and pesticides and plasticizers as possible modulators of AR activities will be reviewed taking into account that insight derived from principles of endocrinology are required to estimate EDC consequences on endocrine deregulation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Marcoccia
- Dpt. of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - ISS, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.,Present address: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy.,Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Dpt. of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - ISS, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy
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The association between urinary phytoestrogen excretion and components of the metabolic syndrome in NHANES. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1371-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Omeje EO, Khan MP, Osadebe PO, Tewari D, Khan MF, Dev K, Maurya R, Chattopadhyay N. Analysis of constituents of the eastern Nigeria mistletoe, Loranthus micranthus linn revealed presence of new classes of osteogenic compounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:643-651. [PMID: 24269773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mistletoe extracts (decoctions) are used traditionally in eastern Nigeria for the management of bone pain, post menopausal syndrome and diabetes amongst several other ailments. While scientific evidence supporting its folkloric use as an antidiabetic agent has been documented, the age-long practice of its use in treatment of post menopausal syndrome has not been scientifically validated. Postmenopausal osteoporosis accounts for one of the prevalent disease conditions in aging population globally. This situation is exacerbated by the lack of osteogenic therapy. In search for plants of Nigerian origin with osteogenic potential, we evaluated eastern Nigerian mistletoe, having ethnotraditional claims of anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and anti-cancer activities as well as preventive effect in various post-menopausal syndromes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanolic extracts of mistletoe leaves harvested from three host tress - Kola acuminata (KM), Citrus spp (CM) and Garcinia kola (GKM) - were evaluated for osteoblast viability and osteogenic activities using primary rat calvaria culture. Lupeol (1) was isolated from the stem bark of Bombax ciba and its congener, dihydoxylupeol palmitate (2) in addition to three other compounds; 3-methoxy quercetin (3), 3,4,5-trimethoxy gallate (4), and friedelin (5) were isolated from the leaves of mistletoes species. Following their chemical characterization, the compounds were evaluated for osteogenic potential using validated models including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, mineralization assay and expression of osteogenic genes - bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and osteoblast transcription factor (RUNX2) - in primary calvarial cultures harvested from neonatal rats. Uterine estrogenicity of the extracts was tested in adult female Sprague Dawley rats. RESULTS Methanol extracts of mistletoe from three hosts exhibited increase in ALP activity (a marker of osteoblast differentiation) at lower concentrations (0.2-0.8 μg/ml) and either no or inhibitory effect at higher concentrations (1.6 and 3.2 μg/ml). None of the extract had cytotoxicity to osteoblasts at the concentrations tested. Five compounds viz. 1 from Bombax ciba, and 2-5 were isolated from the mistletoe leaves. Out of these, 5 exhibited significant loss of osteoblast viability and hence it was not considered further. All four compounds exhibited stimulatory effects on osteoblast differentiation as assessed by ALP assay and determination of osteogenic gene expression. Compound 2 was relatively more potent than its precursor, compound 1 in stimulating BMP2 upregulation. KM did not show uterine estrogenicity. CONCLUSION Methanolic extracts from the three mistletoes species possess in vitro osteogenic activity, and from these extracts three new classes of compounds have been found to promote osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In light of these findings, we propose that mistletoe species may be developed as safer alternative(s) in the management of diseases where lack of bone formation is the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Ogechukwu Omeje
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, 41001 Nsukka, Nigeria; Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India.
| | - Mohd Parvez Khan
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India
| | - Patience Ogoamaka Osadebe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, 41001 Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Deepshikha Tewari
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India
| | - Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India.
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Abstract
Chronic disease is a major social challenge of the twenty-first century. In this review, we examine the evidence for discordance between modern diets and those on which humankind evolved as the cause of the increasing incidence of chronic diseases, and the evidence supporting consumption of plant foods as a way to reduce the risk of chronic disease. We also examine the evidence for avoiding certain components of plant-based foods that are enriched in Western diets, and review the mechanisms by which different phytonutrients are thought to reduce the risk of chronic disease. This body of evidence strongly suggests that consuming more fruits and vegetables could contribute both to medical nutrition therapies, as part of a package of treatments for conditions like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and obesity, and to the prevention of these diseases. Plant science should be directed toward improving the quality of plant-based foods by building on our improved understanding of the complex relationships between plants, our diet, and our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
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Hogan AM, Collins D, Sheehan K, Zierau O, Baird AW, Winter DC. Rapid effects of phytoestrogens on human colonic smooth muscle are mediated by oestrogen receptor beta. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 320:106-10. [PMID: 20109521 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have correlated consumption of dietary phytoestrogens with beneficial effects on colon, breast and prostate cancers. Genomic and non-genomic mechanisms are responsible for anti-carcinogenic effects but, until now, the effect on human colon was assumed to be passive and remote. No direct effect on human colonic smooth muscle has previously been described. Institutional research board approval was granted. Histologically normal colon was obtained from the proximal resection margin of colorectal carcinoma specimens. Circular smooth muscle strips were microdissected and suspended under 1g of tension in organ baths containing oxygenated Krebs solution at 37 degrees C. After an equilibration period, tissues were exposed to diarylpropionitrile (DPN) (ER beta agonist) and 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT) (ER alpha agonist) or to the synthetic phytoestrogen compounds genistein (n=8), daidzein (n=8), fisetin (n=8) and quercetin (n=8) in the presence or absence of fulvestrant (oestrogen receptor antagonist). Mechanism of action was investigated by inhibition of downstream pathways. The cholinergic agonist carbachol was used to induce contractile activity. Tension was recorded isometrically. Phytoestrogens inhibit carbachol-induced colonic contractility. In keeping with a non-genomic, rapid onset direct action, the effect was within minutes, reversible and similar to previously described actions of 17 beta oestradiol. No effect was seen in the presence of fulvestrant indicating receptor modulation. While the DPN exerted inhibitory effects, PPT did not. The effect appears to be reliant on a p38/mitogen activated protein kinase mediated induction of nitric oxide production in colonic smooth muscle. The present data set provides the first description of a direct effect of genistein, daidzein, fisetin and quercetin on human colonic smooth muscle. The presence of ER in colonic smooth muscle has been functionally proven and the beta isoform appears to play a predominant role in exerting non-genomic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hogan
- Institute for Clinical Outcomes Research and Education, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Bulzomi P, Bolli A, Galluzzo P, Leone S, Acconcia F, Marino M. Naringenin and 17beta-estradiol coadministration prevents hormone-induced human cancer cell growth. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:51-60. [PMID: 19960539 DOI: 10.1002/iub.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been described as health-promoting, disease-preventing dietary components. In vivo and in vitro experiments also support a protective effect of flavonoids to reduce the incidence of certain hormone-responsive cancers. In particular, our previous results indicate that the flavanone naringenin (Nar), decoupling estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) action mechanisms, drives cancer cells to apoptosis. Because these studies were conducted in the absence of the endogenous hormone 17beta-estradiol (E2), the physiological relevance of these findings is not clear. We investigate whether the antiproliferative Nar effect persists in the presence of physiological E2 concentration (i.e. 10 nM), using both ERalpha-transfected (HeLa cells) and ERalpha-containing (HepG2 cells) cancer cell lines. Ligand saturation experiments indicate that Nar decreases the binding of E2 to ERalpha without impairing the estrogen response element (ERE)-driven reporter plasmid activity. In contrast, Nar stimulation prevents E2-induced extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and AKT activation and still induces the activation of p38, the proapoptotic member of mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) family. As a consequence, Nar stimulation impedes the E2-induced transcription of cyclin D1 promoter and reverts the E2-induced cell proliferation, driving cancer cell to apoptosis. Thus, these results suggest that coexposure to this low-affinity, low-potency ligand for ERalpha specifically antagonizes the E2-induced ERalpha-dependent rapid signals by reducing the effect of the endogenous hormone in promoting cellular proliferation. As a whole, these data indicate that Nar is an excellent candidate as a chemopreventive agent in E2-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bulzomi
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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15
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Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Marcoccia D, Altieri I, Catone T, De Angelis G, Testai E, Mastrangelo S, Evandri MG, Bolle P, Lorenzetti S. The food contaminant semicarbazide acts as an endocrine disrupter: Evidence from an integrated in vivo/in vitro approach. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 183:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rostagno MA, Villares A, Guillamón E, García-Lafuente A, Martínez JA. Sample preparation for the analysis of isoflavones from soybeans and soy foods. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2-29. [PMID: 19041977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript provides a review of the actual state and the most recent advances as well as current trends and future prospects in sample preparation and analysis for the quantification of isoflavones from soybeans and soy foods. Individual steps of the procedures used in sample preparation, including sample conservation, extraction techniques and methods, and post-extraction treatment procedures are discussed. The most commonly used methods for extraction of isoflavones with both conventional and "modern" techniques are examined in detail. These modern techniques include ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. Other aspects such as stability during extraction and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rostagno
- Centro para la Calidad de los Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Universitario "Duques de Soria", 42004 Soria, Spain.
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Virgili F, Marino M. Regulation of cellular signals from nutritional molecules: a specific role for phytochemicals, beyond antioxidant activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:1205-16. [PMID: 18762244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals (PhC) are a ubiquitous class of plant secondary metabolites. A "recommended" human diet should warrant a high proportion of energy from fruits and vegetables, therefore providing, among other factors, a huge intake of PhC, in general considered "health promoting" by virtue of their antioxidant activity and positive modulation, either directly or indirectly, of the cellular and tissue redox balance. Diet acts through multiple pathways and the association between the consumption of specific food items and the risk of degenerative diseases is extremely complex. Recent literature suggests that molecules having a chemical structure compatible with a putative antioxidant capacity can actually "perform" activities and roles independent of such capacity, interacting with cellular functions at different levels, such as affecting enzyme activities, binding to membrane or nuclear receptors as either an elective ligand or a ligand mimic. Inductive or signaling effects may occur at concentrations much lower than that required for effective antioxidant activity. Therefore, the "antioxidant hypothesis" is to be considered in some cases an intellectual "shortcut" possibly biasing the real understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of various classes of food items. In the past few years, many exciting new indications elucidating the mechanisms of polyphenols have been published. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms by which specific molecules of nutritional interest, and in particular polyphenols, play a role in cellular response and in preventing pathologies. In particular, their direct interaction with nuclear receptors and their ability to modulate the activity of key enzymes involved in cell signaling and antioxidant responses are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Virgili
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Via Ardeatina, 546, I-00178 Roma, Italy.
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Saarinen NM, Wärri A, Dings RPM, Airio M, Smeds AI, Mäkelä S. Dietary lariciresinol attenuates mammary tumor growth and reduces blood vessel density in human MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts and carcinogen-induced mammary tumors in rats. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:1196-204. [PMID: 18528864 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lariciresinol is a dietary lignan that accounts for a significant portion of the total phytoestrogen intake from Western foods. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that high dietary intake of lignans and lariciresinol is associated with reduced breast cancer risk. However, no causal relationship between lariciresinol intake and breast cancer development has been established. In this study, we investigated for the first time the effects and possible mechanisms of action of lariciresinol on hormone responsive mammary cancer in vivo in dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mammary cancer in rats, and in human MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts in athymic mice. For tumor bearing rats, lariciresinol (3 or 15 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle was administered p.o. daily for 9 weeks. For E2-maintained ovariectomized athymic mice bearing orthotopic MCF-7 tumors, control diet (AIN-93G) or lariciresinol containing diet (AIN-93G supplemented with 20 or 100 mg of lariciresinol/kg of diet) was administered for 5 weeks. In both models, lariciresinol administration inhibited the tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. In MCF-7 cells, enterolactone significantly inhibited the E2-stimulated VEGF secretion. Moreover, in MCF-7 xenografts, lariciresinol administration enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and increased estrogen receptor beta expression. Lariciresinol and its further metabolites secoisolariciresinol, enterodiol and enterolactone were found in serum of both rats and athymic mice confirming a similar lignan metabolism pattern as in humans. These findings indicate conceivable importance of dietary lignan lariciresinol in inhibition of breast cancer development.
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Abstract
Nutrigenomics represents a shift of nutrition research from epidemiology and physiology to molecular biology and genetics. Nutrigenomics seeks to understand nutrition influences on homeostasis, the mechanism of genetic predispositions for diseases, to identify the genes influencing risk of diet related diseases. This review presents somein vitromodels applicable in nutrigenomic studies, and discuses the use of animal models, their advantages and limitations and relevance for human situation.In vitroandin vivomodels are suitable for performance of DNA microarrays, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses.In vitromodels (intracellular organelles and suborganellar compartments, cell cultures, or tissue samples/cultures) give insight in metabolic pathways and responses to test stimuli on cellular and molecular levels. Animal models allow evaluation of the biological significance of the effects recordedin vitroand testing of the hypothesis on how a specific factor affects specific species under specific circumstances. Therefore, the evaluation of the data in relation to human organism should be done carefully, considering the species differences. The use ofin vitroandin vivomodels is likely to continue as the effects of nutrition on health and disease cannot be fully explained without understanding of nutrients action at nuclear level and their role in the intra- and intercellular signal transduction. Through advances in cell and molecular biology (including genomic and proteomic), the use of these models should become more predictively accurate. However, this predictive value relies on an underpinning knowledge of the advantages and limitations of the model in nutrigenomic research as in other fields of biomedical research.
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