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A multicentric, randomized, controlled trial of yoga and fenugreek in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: methodological details—the Indian Prevention of Diabetes Study (IPDS). Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-023-01183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Palukuru S, Patil SS, Nagarathna R, Singh A, Nibedita KS. Content Validity of an Integrated Yoga Module for Practice During Remission in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Ann Neurosci 2021; 28:29-38. [PMID: 34733052 PMCID: PMC8558981 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211023754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Some investigations point to the beneficial effects of yoga in alleviating
the motor and cognitive dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by
using varying combinations of physical, breathing, and meditative practices
of yoga. There is a need for a validated yoga module with a holistic
approach that can be used as a standardized protocol by researchers and
therapists. Purpose: To develop and validate an integrated yoga module for practice in
relapsing–remitting MS patients to improve their quality of life. Methods: We did a thorough review of the literature for the development of the yoga
module. We formed an expert group with 24 experts and a neurologist and used
two rounds of interactive Delphi method to combine their opinion to obtain
content validity of the module through online structured questionnaire
prepared for the purpose on a Google Form. We incorporated all suggestions
obtained by the experts. The final module (60 min per session, twice a day,
five days per week) included warm-up exercises, customized asanas,
relaxation techniques, and OM meditation. Advice on yogic diet and
discussion using yogic concepts for stress management also form a part of
the holistic approach to yoga lifestyle modification. Results: Analysis divulged that 30 out of 39 practices exhibited a content validity
ratio value greater than or equal to 0.42. Conclusion: The study has shown good content validity of the integrated yoga module.
Future clinical studies are being planned to rule the feasibility and
reliability of this module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar Palukuru
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra S Patil
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Nagarathna
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K S Nibedita
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Viswanathan V, Sivakumar S, Sai Prathiba A, Devarajan A, George L, Kumpatla S. Effect of yoga intervention on biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes in South India: Results from the SATYAM project. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108644. [PMID: 33359750 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of yoga intervention on the biochemical, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Subjects with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care centre for diabetes during Feb 2017 to Oct 2019 in Chennai, India were randomly assigned to two different groups. Group1(non-Yoga) (n = 150) was advised on simple physical exercises whereas group2(Yoga) (n = 150) was trained and advised to do yogasanas with static loosening exercises for 50 min for 5 days in a week. Both the groups were followed up for a period of 3 months. Anthropometric, biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and after follow up. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in BMI, blood glucose levels, HbA1c, lipid levels, IL6, TNFα and TBARS in Yoga group as compared to non-Yoga group. There was marked improvement in the levels of Adiponectin, PTGIS and sleep quality among subjects practising yogasanas. CONCLUSION Regular practice of yogasanas improved glycaemic control, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes. Hence, Yogasanas can be used as an adjuvant therapy for managing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Viswanathan
- Department of Diabetology, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sumathi Sivakumar
- Department of Yoga, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Sai Prathiba
- Department of Primary Prevention of Diabetes, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arutselvi Devarajan
- Department of Epidemiology, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leema George
- Department of Molecular Genetics, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satyavani Kumpatla
- Department of Biochemistry, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mullerpatan RP, Agarwal BM, Shetty T, Nehete GR, Narasipura OS. Kinematics of Suryanamaskar Using Three-Dimensional Motion Capture. Int J Yoga 2019; 12:124-131. [PMID: 31143020 PMCID: PMC6521759 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_26_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Suryanamaskar, a composite yogasana consisting of a sequence of 12-consecutive poses, producing a balance between flexion and extension is known to have positive health benefits for obesity and physical fitness management, upper limb muscle endurance, and body flexibility. However, limited information is available on biomechanical demands of Suryanamaskar, i.e., kinematic and kinetic. Aims: The present study aimed to explore the kinematics of spine, upper, and lower extremity during Suryanamaskar to enhance greater understanding of Suryanamaskar required for safe and precise prescription in the management of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: Three-dimensional motion capture of Suryanamaskar was performed on 10 healthy trained yoga practitioners with 12-camera Vicon System (Oxford Metrics Group, UK) at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz using 39 retro-reflective markers. Data were processed using plug-in-gait model. Analog data were filtered at 10Hz. Joint angles of the spine, upper, and lower extremities during 12-subsequent poses were computed within Vicon Nexus. Results: Joint motion was largely symmetrical in all poses except pose 4 and 9. The spine moved through a range of 58° flexion to 44° extension. In the lower quadrant, hip moved from 134° flexion to 15° extension, knee flexed to a maximum of 140°, and 3° hyperextension. Ankle moved in a closed kinematic chain through 40° dorsiflexion to 10° plantarflexion. In the upper quadrant, maximum neck extension was76°, shoulder moved through the overhead extension of 183°–56° flexion, elbow through 22°–116° flexion, and wrist from 85° to 3° wrist extension. Conclusions: Alternating wide range of transition between flexion and extension during Suryanamaskar holds potential to increase the mobility of almost all body joints, with stretch on anterior and posterior soft tissues and challenge postural balance mechanisms through a varying base of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani P Mullerpatan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bela M Agarwal
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiotherapy, MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Triveni Shetty
- Department of Neurophysiotherapy, MGM Centre of Human Movement Science, MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girish R Nehete
- Department of Human Movement Science, MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Bock BC, Thind H, Fava JL, Dunsiger S, Guthrie KM, Stroud L, Gopalakrishnan G, Sillice M, Wu W. Feasibility of yoga as a complementary therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes: The Healthy Active and in Control (HA1C) study. Complement Ther Med 2018; 42:125-131. [PMID: 30670230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study:Healthy Active and in Control (HA1C), examined the feasibility and acceptability of yoga as a complementary therapy for adults with Type-2 Diabetes (T2DM). DESIGN A 2-arm randomized clinical trial comparing Iyengar yoga with a supervised walking program. SETTING Hospital based gym-type facility and conference rooms. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to a 12-week program of either; (1) a twice weekly Iyengar yoga, or (2) a twice-weekly program of standard exercise (SE). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes assessed feasibility and acceptability, including enrollment rates, attendance, study completion, and participant satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included HbA1c, physical activity, and measures of diabetes-related emotional distress, self-care and quality of life (QOL). Assessments were conducted at baseline, end of treatment, 6-months and 9-months post-enrollment. RESULTS Of 175 adults screened for eligibility, 48 (30 women, 18 men) were eligible and enrolled. The most common reasons for ineligibility were orthopedic restrictions, HbA1c levels <6.5 and BMI > 42. Session attendance was high (82% of sessions attended), as was follow-up completion rates (92%). Program satisfaction rated on a 5-point scale, was high among both Yoga (M = 4.63, SD = 0.57) and SE (M = 4.77, SD = 0.52) participants. Overall 44 adverse events (26 Yoga, 18 SE) were reported. Of these, six were deemed "possibly related" (e.g., neck strain, back pain), and 1 "probably related" (ankle pain after treadmill) to the study. Yoga produced significant reductions in HbA1c. Median HbA1c at 6 months was 1.25 units lower for Yoga compared to SE (95% CI: -2.54 -0.04). Greater improvements in diabetes self-care, quality of life, and emotional distress were seen among Yoga participants than among SE participants. Increases in mindfulness were seen in Yoga but not in SE. CONCLUSIONS The yoga intervention was highly feasible and acceptable, and produced improvements in blood glucose and psychosocial measures of diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Bock
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, United States.
| | - H Thind
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, United States
| | - J L Fava
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, United States
| | - S Dunsiger
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, United States
| | - K M Guthrie
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, United States
| | - L Stroud
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, United States
| | - G Gopalakrishnan
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, United States
| | - M Sillice
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, United States
| | - W Wu
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, United States
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Thind H, Fava JL, Guthrie KM, Stroud L, Gopalakrishnan G, Sillice M, Gidron N, Bock BC. Yoga as a Complementary Therapy for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Design and Rationale of the Healthy, Active, and in Control (HA1C) Study. Int J Yoga Therap 2018; 28:123-132. [PMID: 30130144 DOI: 10.17761/2018-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. For most patients, medication alone is not sufficient to achieve glycemic control; attention must also be paid to multiple healthy behaviors including diet, regular physical activity, and stress management. Yoga, a mindfulness practice with emphasis on relaxation, meditation, and deep breathing, may have special relevance to people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Yoga practice may positively affect stress and other self-care tasks that will contribute to improved glycemic control. The Healthy, Active, and in Control (HA1C) study is designed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of yoga among adult patients with T2DM. In this pilot randomized controlled trial, adults with T2DM were randomly assigned to either a 12-week Iyengar Yoga intervention given twice weekly, or a twice-weekly 12-week program of traditional exercise (e.g., walking, stationary cycling). Assessments are conducted at the end of treatment (12 weeks) and at 3 and 6 months postintervention. The HA1C study will assess feasibility and acceptability (e.g., attendance/retention rates, satisfaction with program), glycemic outcomes (e.g., HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose), and changes in physiological (e.g., salivary cortisol) and behavioral factors (e.g., physical activity, diet) relevant to the management of T2DM. Focus groups are conducted at the end of the intervention to explore participants' experience with the program and their perception of the potential utility of yoga for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herpreet Thind
- 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mass
| | - Joseph L Fava
- 2. Research Associate, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I
| | - Kate M Guthrie
- 3. Associate Professor of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I
| | - Laura Stroud
- 3. Associate Professor of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I
| | - Geetha Gopalakrishnan
- 4. Associate Professor of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Lifespan Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, East Providence, R.I
| | - Marie Sillice
- 5. Postdoctoral Fellow, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I
| | - Naama Gidron
- 6. Certified Iyengar Yoga Instructor, and Director, Motion Center Yoga Collective, Pawtucket, R.I
| | - Beth C Bock
- 7. Professor of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, R.I
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Shohani M, Badfar G, Nasirkandy MP, Kaikhavani S, Rahmati S, Modmeli Y, Soleymani A, Azami M. The Effect of Yoga on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Women. Int J Prev Med 2018. [PMID: 29541436 PMCID: PMC5843960 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_242_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent decades, several medical and scientific studies on yoga proved it to be very useful in the treatment of some diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of yoga on stress, anxiety, and depression in women living in Ilam, Iran. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-post test. To collect data, the questionnaire of DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21) was used. For eligible samples, hatha yoga exercises and training sessions were held for 4 weeks (3 time/weeks; 60-70 min each) by a specialist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: 52 women with a mean age of 33.5 ± 6.5 were included for analysis. Depression, anxiety, and stress decreased significantly in women after 12 sessions of regular hatha yoga practice (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Yoga has an effective role in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. Thus, it can be used as complementary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Shohani
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Badfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Behbahan School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Science, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Parizad Nasirkandy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sattar Kaikhavani
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Faculty of medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shoboo Rahmati
- M.Sc. Student of Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Modmeli
- M.Sc. Student of Nursing, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Soleymani
- M.Sc. in Management, Department of Finance, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Milad Azami
- Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Mooventhan A. A narrative review on role of Yoga as an adjuvant in the management of risk factor, disease progression and the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S343-S346. [PMID: 28283397 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major health problems in the world as well as in India that greatly affects the health care sector and economy. Use of drugs has its own drawbacks and in recent days the use of non-medical measures were reported not only to manage T2DM, but also to prevent its complications. Through there are various review articles that are dealing with the effect of Yoga on risk profiles, management along with the mechanisms of action of yoga in T2DM separately, there is a lack of comprehensive review on the effect of Yoga in combination with all the above mentioned including the effect of Yoga in the management of T2DM complications. Hence, we performed a narrative review in Medline/PubMed using keyword "Yoga and diabetes". All the relevant articles published till 08th November 2016 were included. Based on the available literature, it could be concluded that Yoga plays a vital role as an adjuvant in the management of risk factors, disease progression and the complications of the T2DM. Further studies are warranted using standard research designs and variables to find out the various mechanisms of effects of Yoga in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mooventhan
- Department of Research and Development, S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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Kakde N, Metri KG, Varambally S, Nagaratna R, Nagendra HR. Development and validation of a yoga module for Parkinson disease. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 14:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2015-0112/jcim-2015-0112.xml. [PMID: 28343166 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, affects motor and nonmotor functions, leading to severe debility and poor quality of life. Studies have reported the beneficial role of yoga in alleviating the symptoms of PD; however, a validated yoga module for PD is unavailable. This study developed and validated an integrated yoga module(IYM) for PD. Methods The IYM was prepared after a thorough review of classical yoga texts and previous findings. Twenty experienced yoga experts, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were selected validating the content of the IYM. A total of 28 practices were included in the IYM, and each practice was discussed and rated as (i) not essential, (ii) useful but not essential, and (iii) essential; the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated using Lawshe's formula. Results Data analysis revealed that of the 28 IYM practices, 21 exhibited significant content validity (cut-off value: 0.42, as calculated by applying Lawshe's formula for the CVR). Conclusions The IYM is valid for PD, with good content validity. However, future studies must determine the feasibility and efficacy of the developed module.
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Bhatnagar A, Tripathi Y, Kumar A. Change in Oxidative Stress of Normotensive Elderly Subjects Following Lifestyle Modifications. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:CC09-CC13. [PMID: 27790427 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20184.8469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress is associated with aging, which ultimately causes deterioration of muscles. Antioxidant defense system deteriorates while enhancing accumulations of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) due to lipid peroxidation and altered enzyme activities in old age. Regular practice of yoga can maintain the antioxidants level of the body, even in stressful conditions. AIM The present study was designed to assess the effects of lifestyle technique on oxidative stress and lipid profile in normotensive elderly subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy four healthy elderly subjects (43 males and 31 females) 60 to 80 years of age were selected from the Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh, India, for three months lifestyle modification program which included morning walk, Nadi shodan pranayama, dietary restrictions and increased intake of water. Blood pressure and oxidative stress markers Glutathione (GSH), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded twice, one at baseline and another after three months of lifestyle modifications. RESULTS Post lifestyle modifications technique values revealed a significant increase in GSH (88.03±9.58 ng/ml vs 93.12±9.17 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) and SOD (78.22±11.97 ng/ml vs 85.22±11.08 ng/ml, p < 0.0001), and a decline in MDA (5.28±0.52 m mol/ml vs 4.48± 0.69 m mol/ml, p < 0.0001) levels. Further, there was significant reduction in the systolic blood pressure (p <0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.0002); besides all fasting lipids decreased significantly except High Density Lipids (HDL). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study show that lifestyle modification is helpful in reducing cardiovascular disease risk but also assuring for good health by decreasing oxidative stress level along with lipid profile. Further, all these modifications are easy to follow. However, more studies are required to make a generalized lifestyle modification program in normotensive elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Bhatnagar
- PhD Scholar, Department of Physiology, Santosh Medical College , Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Tripathi
- Dean and Professor, Department of Physiology, Santosh Medical College , Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- PhD Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College , Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Christian Medical College,Vellore 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Cramer H, Lauche R, Dobos G. Characteristics of randomized controlled trials of yoga: a bibliometric analysis. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:328. [PMID: 25183419 PMCID: PMC4161862 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background A growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the therapeutic value of yoga interventions. This bibliometric analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the characteristics of the totality of available randomized yoga trials. Methods All RCTs of yoga were eligible. Medline/PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, IndMED, and the tables of content of yoga specialty journals not listed in medical databases were screened through February 2014. Bibliometric data, data on participants, and intervention were extracted and analyzed descriptively. Results Published between 1975 and 2014, a total of 366 papers were included, reporting 312 RCTs from 23 different countries with 22,548 participants. The median study sample size was 59 (range 8–410, interquartile range = 31, 93). Two hundred sixty-four RCTs (84.6%) were conducted with adults, 105 (33.7%) with older adults and 31 (9.9%) with children. Eighty-four RCTs (26.9%) were conducted with healthy participants. Other trials enrolled patients with one of 63 varied medical conditions; the most common being breast cancer (17 RCTs, 5.4%), depression (14 RCTs, 4.5%), asthma (14 RCTs, 4.5%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (13 RCTs, 4.2%). Whilst 119 RCTs (38.1%) did not define the style of yoga used, 35 RCTs (11.2%) used Hatha yoga and 30 RCTs (9.6%) yoga breathing. The remaining 128 RCTs (41.0%) used 46 varied yoga styles, with a median intervention length of 9 weeks (range 1 day to 1 year; interquartile range = 5, 12). Two hundred and forty-four RCTs (78.2%) used yoga postures, 232 RCTs (74.4%) used breath control, 153 RCTs (49.0%) used meditation and 32 RCTs (10.3%) used philosophy lectures. One hundred and seventy-four RCTs (55.6%) compared yoga with no specific treatment; 21 varied control interventions were used in the remaining RCTs. Conclusions This bibliometric analysis presents the most complete up-to-date overview on published randomized yoga trials. While the available research evidence is sparse for most conditions, there was a marked increase in published RCTs in recent years. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-328) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Manchanda SC, Madan K. Yoga and meditation in cardiovascular disease. Clin Res Cardiol 2014; 103:675-80. [PMID: 24464106 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-014-0663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Yoga is a holistic mind-body intervention aimed at physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well being. Several studies have shown that yoga and/or meditation can control risk factors for cardiovascular disease like hypertension, type II diabetes and insulin resistance, obesity, lipid profile, psychosocial stress and smoking. Some randomized studies suggest that yoga/meditation could retard or even regress early and advanced coronary atherosclerosis. A recent study suggests that transcendental meditation may be extremely useful in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and may reduce cardiovascular events by 48% over a 5-year period. Another small study suggests that yoga may be helpful in prevention of atrial fibrillation. However, most studies have several limitations like lack of adequate controls, small sample size, inconsistencies in baseline and different methodologies, etc. and therefore large trials with improved methodologies are required to confirm these findings. However, in view of the existing knowledge and yoga being a cost-effective technique without side effects, it appears appropriate to incorporate yoga/meditation for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Manchanda
- Dharma Vira Heart Center, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060, India,
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Effect of community-based yoga intervention on oxidative stress and glycemic parameters in prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21:571-6. [PMID: 24280463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effectiveness of yoga intervention on oxidative stress, glycemic status, blood pressure and anthropometry in prediabetes. DESIGN Randomized-controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS Twenty nine prediabetes subjects aged 30-75 years. SETTING Yoga was conducted at 4 different community diabetes clinics in Mangalore, India. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to either 3-month yoga or wait-list control groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Malondialdehyde, glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase, plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure. RESULTS Yoga intervention resulted in a significant decline in malondialdehyde (p<0.001), relative to the control group. In comparison with the control, there was a significant improvement in BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose levels at follow-up. No significant improvement in glycated haemoglobin, waist-to-hip ratio or any of the antioxidants was observed. CONCLUSIONS Yoga intervention may be helpful in control of oxidative stress in prediabetes subjects. Yoga can also be beneficial in reduction in BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose. Effect of yoga on antioxidant parameters was not evident in this study. The findings of this study need to be confirmed in larger trials involving active control groups.
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M Fouladbakhsh J, Davis JE, Yarandi HN. Using a standardized Viniyoga protocol for lung cancer survivors: a pilot study examining effects on breathing ease. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 10:/j/jcim.2013.10.issue-1/jcim-2012-0013/jcim-2012-0013.xml. [PMID: 23828333 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2012-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although lung cancer is perceived as a dire diagnosis, increases in the 5-year survival rate of individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been reported. Survivors, however, continue to be excessively burdened with symptoms such as respiratory distress which interfere with functioning and quality of life. While exercise and physical activity are strongly recommended, NSCLC survivors may be reluctant to participate due to actual or anticipated shortness of breath exacerbated with movement.This quasi-experimental, intervention-only pilot study aimed to determine the effects of an 8-week standardized yoga protocol for Stage I-IIIa NSCLC survivors (n=9). The protocol was developed within the Viniyoga (Hatha) tradition with respiratory experts. Breathing ease, dyspnea, oxygen saturation, and respiratory function were explored in relationship to yoga practice (45-minute sessions once per week and home practice) using repeated-measures analysis. Number of participants reporting dyspnea ranged from 25 to 50% prior to practice with no significant increase during sessions, and moderate decreases noted at times. Oxygen saturation remained high and vital signs stable; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) values increased significantly over the 14-week study period (p<0.0001). Yoga, with an emphasis on postures coordinated with breathing and meditation practices, offers a potentially feasible and beneficial option that requires further study in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder K Bali
- Director, Department of Cardiology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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Nagarathna R, Usharani MR, Rao AR, Chaku R, Kulkarni R, Nagendra HR. Efficacy of yoga based life style modification program on medication score and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes—a randomized control study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-012-0078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hegde SV, Adhikari P, Subbalakshmi N, Nandini M, Rao GM, D'Souza V. Diaphragmatic breathing exercise as a therapeutic intervention for control of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2012; 18:151-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hegde SV, Adhikari P, Kotian S, Pinto VJ, D'Souza S, D'Souza V. Effect of 3-month yoga on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes with or without complications: a controlled clinical trial. Diabetes Care 2011; 34:2208-10. [PMID: 21836105 PMCID: PMC3177728 DOI: 10.2337/dc10-2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of yoga on anthropometry, blood pressure, glycemic control, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients on standard care in comparison with standard care alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study involved 123 patients stratified according to groups with microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, and peripheral neuropathy and without complications and assigned to receive either standard care or standard care along with additional yoga for 3 months. RESULTS In comparison with standard care alone, yoga resulted in significant reduction in BMI, glycemic control, and malondialdehyde and increase in glutathione and vitamin C. There were no differences in waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, vitamin E, or superoxide dismutase in the yoga group at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Yoga can be used as an effective therapy in reducing oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. Yoga in addition to standard care helps reduce BMI and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreelaxmi V Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry, Srinivas Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Aljasir B, Bryson M, Al-Shehri B. Yoga Practice for the Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: A systematic review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2010; 7:399-408. [PMID: 18955338 PMCID: PMC2892348 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of practicing yoga for the management of type II Diabetes was assessed in this systematic review through searching related electronic databases and the grey literature to the end of May 2007 using Ovid. All randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) comparing yoga practice with other type of intervention or with regular practice or both, were included regardless of language or type of publication. Each study was assessed for quality by two independent reviewers. Mean difference was used for summarizing the effect of each study outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. Pooling of the studies did not take place due to the wide clinical variation between the studies. Publication bias was assessed by statistical methods. Five trials with 363 participants met the inclusion criteria with medium to high risk of bias and different intervention characteristics. The studies' results show improvement in outcomes among patients with diabetes type II. These improvements were mainly among short term or immediate diabetes outcomes and not all were statistically significant. The results were inconclusive and not significant for the long-term outcomes. No adverse effects were reported in any of the included studies. Short-term benefits for patients with diabetes may be achieved from practicing yoga. Further research is needed in this area. Factors like quality of the trials and other methodological issues should be improved by large randomized control trials with allocation concealment to assess the effectiveness of yoga on diabetes type II. A definitive recommendation for physicians to encourage their patients to practice yoga cannot be reached at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Aljasir
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Waryasz GR, McDermott AY. Exercise prescription and the patient with type 2 diabetes: a clinical approach to optimizing patient outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 22:217-27. [PMID: 20409260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2010.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the current recommendations for physical activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and propose methods to optimize compliance, reduce the pharmaceutical burden, and improve the general health and well-being of patients with T2DM. DATA SOURCES PubMed, SportDiscus, Ovid MEDLINE, Psychinfo, Web of Science, LexisNexis, and EBM reviews. CONCLUSIONS T2DM is a condition in which physical activity has been documented to improve patient outcomes, yet research has noted that healthcare professionals inadequately address this issue, resulting in physical activity being an underutilized therapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE An exercise prescription consists of mode (type), frequency, intensity, duration, and progression. Determining the appropriate mode depends upon patient preference and safety issues regarding the state of T2DM or other conditions. Frequency, intensity, and duration are specific to the type of activity and should be tailored to the patient's abilities to safely perform the activity. Finally, the health professional addresses periodic progression in order to maintain the exercise stimulus needed to promote continued health improvements and prevent "plateauing." In this article, on the basis of the current scientific research, we propose recommendations that enable healthcare professionals to advocate for their patients with T2DM by offering safe and effective treatment options.
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Tekur P, Singphow C, Nagendra HR, Raghuram N. Effect of short-term intensive yoga program on pain, functional disability and spinal flexibility in chronic low back pain: a randomized control study. J Altern Complement Med 2009; 14:637-44. [PMID: 18673078 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2007.0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a short-term intensive residential yoga program with physical exercise (control) on pain and spinal flexibility in subjects with chronic low-back pain (CLBP). DESIGN This was a wait-list, randomized controlled study. SETTING The study was conducted at a residential integrative health center in Bangalore, South India. SUBJECTS Eighty (80) subjects (females, n = 37) with CLBP, who consented were randomly assigned to receive yoga or physical exercise if they satisfied the selection criteria. INTERVENTION The intervention consisted of a 1-week intensive residential yoga program comprised of asanas (physical postures) designed for back pain, pranayamas (breathing practices), meditation, and didactic and interactive sessions on philosophical concepts of yoga. The control group practiced physical exercises under a trained physiatrist and also had didactic and interactive sessions on lifestyle change. Both of the groups were matched for time on intervention and attention. OUTCOME MEASURES Pain-related outcomes were assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and by spinal flexibility, which was assessed using goniometer at pre and post intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA). RESULTS Data conformed to a Gaussian distribution. There was a significant reduction in ODI scores in the yoga group compared to the control group (p = 0.01; effect size 1.264). Spinal flexibility measures improved significantly in both groups but the yoga group had greater improvement as compared to controls on spinal flexion (p = 0.008; effect size 0.146), spinal extension (p = 0.002; effect size 0.251), right lateral flexion (p = 0.059; effect size 0.006); and left lateral flexion (p = 0.006; effect size 0.171). CONCLUSIONS Seven (7) days of a residential intensive yoga-based lifestyle program reduced pain-related disability and improved spinal flexibility in patients with CLBP better than a physical exercise regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Tekur
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Research Foundation (SVYASA), Bangalore, India.
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Singh S, Kyizom T, Singh KP, Tandon OP, Madhu SV. Influence of pranayamas and yoga-asanas on serum insulin, blood glucose and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes. Indian J Clin Biochem 2008; 23:365-8. [PMID: 23105788 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-008-0080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A distinguishable feature of type 2 diabetes besides hyperglycemia and deranged lipid profile is an impaired insulin secretion, peripheral insulin resistance and obesity which has become a major health concern worldwide. India with an estimated 31million diabetics in 2000 and 79mllions by the yr 2030 has the highest number of type 2 diabetics in the world. In this study, we aimed to see if yoga-asanas and pranayamas have any influence in modifying certain biochemical parameters. Sixty patients of uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (age 35-60 yrs of 1-10 yrs duration) were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=30): performed yoga along with the conventional hypoglycemic medicines and group 2 (n=30): patients who only received conventional medicines. Duration of the study was 45 days. Basal recordings of blood glucose (fasting and post-prandial), lipid profile and serum insulin were taken at the time of recruitment and the second reading after forty five days. Results showed a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters in group 1 while group 2 showed significant improvement in only few parameters, thus suggesting a beneficial effect of yoga regimen on these parameters in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Singh
- Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
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Gordon LA, Morrison EY, McGrowder DA, Young R, Fraser YTP, Zamora EM, Alexander-Lindo RL, Irving RR. Effect of exercise therapy on lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2008; 8:21. [PMID: 18477407 PMCID: PMC2390515 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoga has been shown to be a simple and economical therapeutic modality that may be considered as a beneficial adjuvant for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the impact of Hatha yoga and conventional physical training (PT) exercise regimens on biochemical, oxidative stress indicators and oxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This prospective randomized study consisted of 77 type 2 diabetic patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group that were matched with a similar number of type 2 diabetic patients in the conventional PT exercise and control groups. Biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined at baseline and at two consecutive three monthly intervals. The oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde - MDA, protein oxidation - POX, phospholipase A2 - PLA2 activity) and oxidative status [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities] were measured. RESULTS The concentrations of FBG in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups after six months decreased by 29.48% and 27.43% respectively (P < 0.0001) and there was a significant reduction in serum TC in both groups (P < 0.0001). The concentrations of VLDL in the managed groups after six months differed significantly from baseline values (P = 0.036). Lipid peroxidation as indicated by MDA significantly decreased by 19.9% and 18.1% in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups respectively (P < 0.0001); whilst the activity of SOD significantly increased by 24.08% and 20.18% respectively (P = 0.031). There was no significant difference in the baseline and 6 months activities of PLA2 and catalase after six months although the latter increased by 13.68% and 13.19% in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups respectively (P = 0.144). CONCLUSION The study demonstrate the efficacy of Hatha yoga exercise on fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes and suggest that Hatha yoga exercise and conventional PT exercise may have therapeutic preventative and protective effects on diabetes mellitus by decreasing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant status. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12608000217303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A Gordon
- Department of Medicine, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Errol Y Morrison
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | | | - Ronald Young
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | | | | | - Ruby L Alexander-Lindo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Rachael R Irving
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Innes KE, Vincent HK. The influence of yoga-based programs on risk profiles in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2007; 4:469-86. [PMID: 18227915 PMCID: PMC2176136 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that yoga may offer a safe and cost-effective intervention for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM 2). However, systematic reviews are lacking. This article critically reviews the published literature regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on physiologic and anthropometric risk profiles and related clinical outcomes in adults with DM 2. We performed a comprehensive literature search using four computerized English and Indian scientific databases. The search was restricted to original studies (1970-2006) that evaluated the metabolic and clinical effects of yoga in adults with DM 2. Studies targeting clinical populations with cardiovascular disorders that included adults with comorbid DM were also evaluated. Data were extracted regarding study design, setting, target population, intervention, comparison group or condition, outcome assessment, data analysis and presentation, follow-up, and key results, and the quality of each study was evaluated according to specific predetermined criteria. We identified 25 eligible studies, including 15 uncontrolled trials, 6 non-randomized controlled trials and 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Overall, these studies suggest beneficial changes in several risk indices, including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, oxidative stress, coagulation profiles, sympathetic activation and pulmonary function, as well as improvement in specific clinical outcomes. Yoga may improve risk profiles in adults with DM 2, and may have promise for the prevention and management of cardiovascular complications in this population. However, the limitations characterizing most studies preclude drawing firm conclusions. Additional high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm and further elucidate the effects of standardized yoga programs in populations with DM 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E. Innes
- Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Heather K. Vincent
- Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Vincent HK, Innes KE, Vincent KR. Oxidative stress and potential interventions to reduce oxidative stress in overweight and obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9:813-39. [PMID: 17924865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity may be a state of chronic oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may be the mechanism underlying the development of co-morbidities in obesity. This review provides a summary of the available evidence regarding systemic oxidative stress in young, older and clinical obese populations. METHODS Medline was searched for all available articles published between 1975 and 2006 that evaluated oxidative stress biomarkers in resting conditions or following various interventions in overweight and obese humans. RESULTS Obesity elevates oxidative stress in young, old and clinical populations as shown by elevations in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides, 4-hydroxynonenal, isoprostanes, conjugated dienes) or protein oxidation (8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine). Lipid peroxidation is associated with several indices of adiposity and a low systemic antioxidant defence (i.e. antioxidant enzymes, tissue dietary antioxidants, glutathione). Oxidative stress may be exacerbated with acute exercise, advancing age or co-existing clinical conditions and may be corrected by improving antioxidant defences through fat volume reduction via surgery, pharmacological agents, exercise and/or dietary modification. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress is related to chronic disease in obesity, but is reversible with one or more interventions described above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Vincent
- The Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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