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Huang XS, Dai N, Xu JX, Xiang JY, Zheng XZ, Ke TY, Ma LY, Shi QH, Fan SF. MRI quantitative assessment of the effects of low-carbohydrate therapy on Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230477. [PMID: 38552311 PMCID: PMC11046326 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Objective Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an inflammatory disease, and research suggests that a low-carbohydrate diet may have potential anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to utilize Dixon-T2-weighted imaging (WI) sequence for a semi-quantitative assessment of the impact of a low-carbohydrate diet on the degree of thyroid inflammation in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods Forty patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were recruited for this study and randomly divided into two groups: one with a normal diet and the other with a low-carbohydrate diet. Antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) were measured for all participants. Additionally, thyroid water content was semi-quantitatively measured using Dixon-T2WI. The same tests and measurements were repeated for all participants after 6 months. Results After 6 months of a low-carbohydrate diet, patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis showed a significant reduction in thyroid water content (94.84 ± 1.57% vs 93.07 ± 2.05%, P < 0.05). Concurrently, a decrease was observed in levels of TPOAb and TgAb (TPOAb: 211.30 (92.63-614.62) vs 89.45 (15.9-215.67); TgAb: 17.05 (1.47-81.64) vs 4.1 (0.51-19.42), P < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in thyroid water content or TPOAb and TgAb levels for patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis following a normal diet after 6 months (P < 0.05). Conclusion Dixon-T2WI can quantitatively assess the degree of thyroid inflammation in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Following a low-carbohydrate diet intervention, there is a significant reduction in thyroid water content and a decrease in levels of TPOAb and TgAb. These results suggest that a low-carbohydrate diet may help alleviate inflammation in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xia Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Yi Xiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Yu Ke
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Ying Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Hao Shi
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Feng Fan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Branstetter RM, Islam RK, Toups CA, Parra AN, Lee Z, Ahmadzadeh S, Varrassi G, Shekoohi S, Kaye AD. Mechanisms and Treatment Options for Hyperthyroid-Induced Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e48798. [PMID: 38098934 PMCID: PMC10720926 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal thyroid hormone levels are crucial for the homeostasis of many metabolic cycles and processes throughout the human body. Thyroid dysfunction, such as thyrotoxicosis, can result from many different etiologies, including Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (MNG), and toxic adenoma. These hyperthyroid disease states can cause devastating complications and disease, including the disruption of the bone remodeling cycle and skeletal development, which can result in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density and a propensity for fragility fractures. In addition to patients with overt hyperthyroidism, studies have provided evidence of other high-risk patient demographics, such as individuals with subclinical hyperthyroidism and postmenopausal women, who may be at an increased risk for the development of secondary osteoporosis. The treatment of patients with hyperthyroid-induced osteoporosis often requires a multifaceted management plan that may be unique to each patient's situation. Antithyroid therapy is often the first step in treating this disease and may include thioamide medications. Radioactive iodine-131 therapy (RAI) and the surgical removal of the thyroid gland may also be reasonable approaches for restoring normal thyroid function. Following thyrotoxicosis mitigation, antiresorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) may be used to counteract decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Additionally, the implementation of vitamin D, calcium supplements, and weight-bearing exercise may also reduce bone loss. While the effects of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and triiodothyronine (T3) on bone remodeling have been studied in the past, more research is needed to identify unknown mechanisms and develop future improved treatments for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Branstetter
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Rahib K Islam
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Collin A Toups
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Amanda N Parra
- School of Medicine, Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, USA
| | - Zachary Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Shahab Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | | | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
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K S A, P Puranik M, S R U. Association between dental caries experience and salivary profile among autoimmune thyroid disease subjects - a cross-sectional comparative study. F1000Res 2023; 12:833. [PMID: 38106652 PMCID: PMC10721961 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.135684.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an inflammatory condition that primarily affects women between the ages of 30 and 50. It has been hypothesised that AITD causes salivary glands to produce less saliva due to its endocrine effects. Studies showing the effect of AITD on salivary glands are very scarce. The aim of this study was to compare AITD patients with controls who were of a similar age and gender in terms of salivary metrics and the prevalence of dental caries. Methods: 200 subjects in Bangalore city (100 AITD subjects and 100 healthy subjects as controls) participated in a cross-sectional study. Subjective oral dryness was assessed using Farsi's criteria. Salivary parameters and caries were assessed using GC Saliva-Check BUFFER kit and WHO caries criteria respectively. Descriptive and analytical statistics were done. Significant data was defined as a p value of <0.05. Results: When compared to controls, the AITD group had substantially more subjective mouth dryness and dental caries. Unstimulated (USFR) and stimulated salivary flow rate (SFR), pH and buffering capacity were reduced in AITD group whereas viscosity was high. There was a significant negative correlation between USFR, SFR, subjective oral dryness and dental caries. In a linear regression, there was no association between age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), salivary viscosity, pH, buffering capacity and dental caries. Dental caries, USFR and SFR demonstrated a substantial relationship. Conclusions: The present research may indicate an underlying association between thyroid and salivary gland dysfunction resulting in oral dryness and high dental caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna K S
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Manjunath P Puranik
- Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560002, India
| | - Uma S R
- Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560002, India
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4
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Bansal N, Pasricha C, Kumari P, Jangra S, Kuar R, Singh R. A comprehensive overview of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: From pathophysiology to management. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103337. [PMID: 37068698 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease. It is among the most widespread chronic illnesses in children, with an annual incidence of 1.6 to 23 new instances per 100,000 adolescents. About 1 child in every 1000 develops Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) type of chronic arthritis. The cause of JIA is not well known but what known is that it involves inflammation of the synovium and destruction of tissues in joints which can cause early-onset of oligo articular JIA. It is challenging to diagnose the condition in some children who initially complain of pain and joint swelling as there is no blood test discovered that can confirm the diagnoses of JIA. As JIA patients are immunosuppressed due to the use of drugs, making them vulnerable to catch infections like COVID 19 which can lead to cardiovascular diseases having high rate of morbidity and mortality. The comorbidity like Diabetes has higher incidence in these patients resulting in synergistic effect on inflammation. Currently, the connection of genetics in JIA provides evidence that HLA Class I and II alleles have a role in the pathophysiology of various subtypes of JIA which includes inflammation in the axial skeletal. The primary objective of therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the suppression of clinical symptoms. The pharmacological approach includes use of medications like DMARDs, NSAIDs etc. and non-pharmacological approach includes physiotherapy, which helps in restoring normal joint function and herbs as adjuvants which has the benefit of no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bansal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India
| | - Chirag Pasricha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sarita Jangra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rupinder Kuar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India.
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The Role of Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in the Development and Progression of Hashimoto’s Disease (HD): A Case Study on Female Patients in Poland. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065344. [PMID: 36982416 PMCID: PMC10049147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, commonly known as HD, is one of the most common thyroid disorders. Due to the diverse factors affecting the etiopathogenesis of this disease (hormonal disorders and genetic and environmental factors), as well as the direct involvement of the immune system, scientists are increasingly willing to undertake research aimed at explaining the impact of the loss of immune tolerance and reactivity of autoantigens on the development of the disease. One of the directions of research in recent years is the role of the innate immune response, particularly Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in the pathogenesis of HD. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression on selected populations of immune cells, namely, monocytes (MONs) and dendritic cells (DCs), in the course of HD. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of TLR2’s correlation with clinical parameters and the possibility its use as a potential biomarker molecule in the diagnostic process. Based on the obtained results, we found a statistically significant increase in the percentage of all analyzed populations of immune cells, i.e., mDC BDCA-1+CD19−, pDC BDCA-1+CD123, classical MONs CD14+CD16−, and non-classical MONs CD14+CD16+ showing on their surface TLR2 expression in patients diagnosed with HD compared to the healthy volunteers. Moreover, in the study group, we noted a more than 6-fold increase in the concentration of the soluble form of TLR2 in plasma compared to healthy patients. In addition, the correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between the level of TLR2 expression on selected subpopulations of immune cells and biochemical indicators of thyroid function. Based on the obtained results, we can assume that TLR2 may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of HD.
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van Straalen JW, Baas L, Giancane G, Grebenkina L, Brunner J, Vega-Cornejo G, Chasnyk VG, Harel L, Appenzeller S, Gervais E, de Roock S, Wulffraat NM, Ruperto N, Swart JF. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients with positive family history of autoimmune thyroid disease might benefit from serological screening: analysis of the international Pharmachild registry. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023; 21:19. [PMID: 36810111 PMCID: PMC9945712 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and therefore there are no indications for AITD screening in this population, which is possible using standard blood tests. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and predictors of symptomatic AITD in JIA patients from the international Pharmachild registry. METHODS Occurrence of AITD was determined from adverse event forms and comorbidity reports. Associated factors and independent predictors for AITD were determined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of AITD after a median observation period of 5.5 years was 1.1% (96/8965 patients). Patients who developed AITD were more often female (83.3% vs. 68.0%), RF positive (10.0% vs. 4.3%) and ANA positive (55.7% vs. 41.5%) than patients who did not. AITD patients were furthermore older at JIA onset (median 7.8 years vs. 5.3 years) and had more often polyarthritis (40.6% vs. 30.4%) and a family history of AITD (27.5% vs. 4.8%) compared to non-AITD patients. A family history of AITD (OR = 6.8, 95% CI: 4.1 - 11.1), female sex (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3 - 4.3), ANA positivity (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3 - 3.2) and older age at JIA onset (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1 - 1.2) were independent predictors of AITD on multivariable analysis. Based on our data, 16 female ANA positive JIA patients with a family history of AITD would have to be screened during ±5.5 years using standard blood tests to detect one case of AITD. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report independent predictor variables for symptomatic AITD in JIA. Female ANA positive JIA patients with positive family history are at increased risk of developing AITD and thus might benefit from yearly serological screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri W. van Straalen
- grid.417100.30000 0004 0620 3132Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laurie Baas
- grid.417100.30000 0004 0620 3132Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriella Giancane
- grid.419504.d0000 0004 1760 0109Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy ,grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DiNOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lyudmila Grebenkina
- Pediatric Department, Togliatti City Clinical Hospital №5, Togliatti, Russia
| | - Jurgen Brunner
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria ,grid.465811.f0000 0004 4904 7440Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Gabriel Vega-Cornejo
- Clínica Pediátrica de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes (CREA), Hospital México Americano, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Vyacheslav G. Chasnyk
- grid.445931.e0000 0004 0471 4078Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liora Harel
- grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petach-Tikvah, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Traumatology, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Gervais
- grid.411162.10000 0000 9336 4276Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sytze de Roock
- grid.417100.30000 0004 0620 3132Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nico M. Wulffraat
- grid.417100.30000 0004 0620 3132Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolino Ruperto
- grid.419504.d0000 0004 1760 0109UOSID Centro trial, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Joost F. Swart
- grid.417100.30000 0004 0620 3132Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Shakerian L, Kolahdooz H, Garousi M, Keyvani V, Kamal Kheder R, Abdulsattar Faraj T, Yazdanpanah E, Esmaeili SA. IL-33/ST2 axis in autoimmune disease. Cytokine 2022; 158:156015. [PMID: 36041312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family and plays an ambivalent role in autoimmune diseases. IL-33 signals via the ST2 receptor and drives cytokine production in mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, NK cells, and T lymphocyte cells. The vital role of IL-33 as an active component gives rise to aberrant local and systemic damage which has been demonstrated in numerous inflammatory disorders and immune-mediated pathological conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, Sjogren's syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), etc. IL-33/ST2 axis can up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine release in autoimmune disease, however, in some metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus type 1 IL-33 can be considered an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The purpose of this review is to discuss selected studies on IL-33/ST2 axis in autoimmune diseases and its potential role as a pathogenic or protective cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Shakerian
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Kolahdooz
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Garousi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Vahideh Keyvani
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania 46012, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Tola Abdulsattar Faraj
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Sherchand O, Niraula A, Mishra B, Subedi M, Maskey R. Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Patients with Hypovitaminosis D in Department of Biochemistry of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022; 60:600-603. [PMID: 36705201 PMCID: PMC9297365 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoimmune thyroid disease is characterised by the generation of autoantibodies against self-antigens such as thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Recent studies have implicated the role of hypovitaminosis D to immune dysfunction, failure of self-tolerance and generation of autoantibodies. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease among hypovitaminosis D patients in a tertiary care centre. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among participants between the ages of 18 years to 65 years who visited the Department of Biochemistry of a tertiary care centre between the periods of July 2018 to December 2019. The study was initiated after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 42,8/074/075-IRC). Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurement and blood collection. Thyroid hormone, thyroid peroxidase antibody and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were measured by chemiluminescence technique. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results Among 83 patients, 39 (46.98%) (42.32-51.63, 95% Confidence Interval) had autoimmune thyroid disease. Conclusions The prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease among patients with hypovitaminosis D was similar to studies conducted in comparable settings. Keywords autoimmune diseases; prevalence; thyroid; vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojaswee Sherchand
- Department of Biochemistry, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal,Correspondence: Dr Ojaswee Sherchand, Department of Biochemistry, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal. , Phone: +977-9841423736
| | - Apeksha Niraula
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bijaya Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - Manish Subedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - Robin Maskey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mechi Zonal Hospital, Bhadrapur, Jhapa, Nepal
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Zhang Y, Xie R, Ou J. A U-shaped association between serum albumin with total triiodothyronine in adults. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24473. [PMID: 35524426 PMCID: PMC9169170 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid dysfunction is a common thyroid disorder in our life and its symptoms are non-specific, therefore the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction is important for patients. Albumin (ALB) can carry thyroid hormones to their sites of action as a way to achieve rapid delivery of thyroid hormones to the tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum ALB levels and total triiodothyronine (TT3) in adults. METHODS Data from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to examine the association between ALB and TT3 using multivariate logistic regression models. Fitting smoothed curves and generalized weighted models were also used. RESULTS The analysis included a total of 7933 participants that we found an independent positive relationship between ALB and TT3 among participants [0.006 (0.003, 0.009)]. In men, there was a significant positive correlation between ALB and TT3, whereas in women ALB and TT3 suggested a significant negative correlation. Moreover, our study revealed that the independent association between the levels of ALB and TT3 was significant in Non-Hispanic White, but not in Non-Hispanic Black. Notably, we found a U-shaped association between ALB and serum TT3 in total participants (inflection point for ALB: 41 g/L) and females after adjusted covariates (inflection point for ALB: 46 g/L). CONCLUSIONS We found a U-shaped relationship between serum ALB and TT3 with infection point at 41 g/L for ALB, which may provide a reference for future screening in adults with thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe Affiliated Nanhua HospitalHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Ruijie Xie
- Department of Hand & MicrosurgeryThe Affiliated Nanhua HospitalHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Jun Ou
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Affiliated Nanhua HospitalHengyang Medical schoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
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10
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Alqahtani HA, Almagsoodi AA, Alshamrani ND, Almalki TJ, Sumaili AM. Common Electrolyte and Metabolic Abnormalities Among Thyroid Patients. Cureus 2021; 13:e15338. [PMID: 34235017 PMCID: PMC8241464 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of thyroid diseases is high in the general population and causes serious abnormalities and disorders that can affect the quality of life. Many complications can result from poor or inappropriate management of the disease, leading to serious cardiovascular and metabolic complications. In the present review study, we aim to discuss the effect of thyroid diseases on metabolic and electrolyte abnormalities and the potential correlation with some common disorders. Evidence from previous studies has demonstrated that thyroid dysfunctions hugely affect the metabolism of glucose in the bodies of the affected patients, which can lead to the development of both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperthyroidism can lead to the development of impaired glucose tolerance and secondary diabetes mellitus. These include an increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis process, increased intestinal absorption of glucose, and secondary ketogenesis and lipolysis, which will subsequently affect the functions of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas. Evidence showed that thyroid diseases are associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and the management for these modalities should involve prior management of underlying thyroid diseases. Efforts should be made to adequately manage these cases with concomitant approaches to achieve the best clinical outcomes.
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Endres L, Tit DM, Bungau S, Pascalau NA, Maghiar Țodan L, Bimbo-Szuhai E, Iancu GM, Negrut N. Incidence and Clinical Implications of Autoimmune Thyroiditis in the Development of Acne in Young Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050794. [PMID: 33924808 PMCID: PMC8145646 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is on the rise among the population, and is frequently associated with patients with acne vulgaris, especially females aged between 18–55 years old. The connection between the two is not fully elucidated. In this study, 236 patients diagnosed with acne in the dermatological office of the private Pelican Hospital and in few private dermatological offices from Oradea, Romania, during January 2018–December 2020, aged between 12 and 55 years old, were endocrinologically investigated to determine AIT and its influence on the severity of the acne. The values for the thyroid antibodies and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined for all of the subjects. The frequency of AIT in the study group was 72% and was associated with severe acne (p < 0.001). Patients with AIT with normal or hypofunction had more frequent severe acne than those with hyperfunction (p < 0.001, p = 0.002). The TSH and anti thyroidperoxidase (TPO) values did not influence the severity of the acne (p = 0.494; p = 0.111), while the anti-TG values were associated with severe acne (p = 0.007). The risk analysis indicated that raised values of anti-TPO (2.91 times greater) correlated with high anti-thyroglobulin (TG) values (4.36 times greater) doubled the risk of developing severe acne in patients. In acne evolution, the existence of AIT involves significant modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Endres
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (L.E.); (N.A.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (L.M.Ț)
| | - Nicoleta Anamaria Pascalau
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (L.E.); (N.A.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Laura Maghiar Țodan
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (L.M.Ț)
| | - Erika Bimbo-Szuhai
- Department of Mofological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Mariana Iancu
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
- Clinic of Dermatology, County Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Negrut
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (L.E.); (N.A.P.); (N.N.)
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12
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Endres L, Tit DM, Bungau S, Pascalau NA, Maghiar Țodan L, Bimbo-Szuhai E, Iancu GM, Negrut N. Incidence and Clinical Implications of Autoimmune Thyroiditis in the Development of Acne in Young Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is on the rise among the population, and is frequently associated with patients with acne vulgaris, especially females aged between 18–55 years old. The connection between the two is not fully elucidated. In this study, 236 patients diagnosed with acne in the dermatological office of the private Pelican Hospital and in few private dermatological offices from Oradea, Romania, during January 2018–December 2020, aged between 12 and 55 years old, were endocrinologically investigated to determine AIT and its influence on the severity of the acne. The values for the thyroid antibodies and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined for all of the subjects. The frequency of AIT in the study group was 72% and was associated with severe acne (p < 0.001). Patients with AIT with normal or hypofunction had more frequent severe acne than those with hyperfunction (p < 0.001, p = 0.002). The TSH and anti thyroidperoxidase (TPO) values did not influence the severity of the acne (p = 0.494; p = 0.111), while the anti-TG values were associated with severe acne (p = 0.007). The risk analysis indicated that raised values of anti-TPO (2.91 times greater) correlated with high anti-thyroglobulin (TG) values (4.36 times greater) doubled the risk of developing severe acne in patients. In acne evolution, the existence of AIT involves significant modifications.
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13
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The Influence of Reducing Diets on Changes in Thyroid Parameters in Women Suffering from Obesity and Hashimoto's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030862. [PMID: 33808030 PMCID: PMC8000220 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto’s disease is listed among the most common endocrine causes of obesity. As treatment of obesity in women with Hashimoto’s disease is frequently unsuccessful, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different reducing diets and their influence on changes in thyroid parameters in female patients. A six-month observational/interventional study was performed on 100 women aged 18–65 years, previously diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease and obesity and receiving L-thyroxine. The women were randomly assigned to the test group (group A, n = 50) following elimination/reducing diets, and the control group (group B, n = 50) following reducing diets with the same caloric content (without elimination). Anthropometric and thyroid parameters were evaluated at the beginning, after 3 months and after 6 months of treatment. In both groups a significant decrease in BMI and body fat percentage was achieved, but in test group A the decrease in BMI and body fat percentage was significantly greater than in control group B (p < 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively). Serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormon) levels decreased significantly more in group A than in group B (p < 0.001). Group A exhibited significantly greater increases in fT4 and fT3 levels than the control group (p < 0.001) as well as significantly greater decreases in the levels anti-TPO (thyroid peroxidase) (p < 0.001) and anti-TG (thyreoglobulin) antibodies (p = 0.048). The application of reducing diets with product elimination was found to be a more beneficial tool for changing anthropometric and thyroid parameters in women suffering from obesity and Hashimoto’s disease than classic reducing diets with the same energy values and macronutrient content.
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14
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Mohammed RN, Kadhum HJ, Hashim AR. Spirometry in adult hypothyroid patients: a comparative study. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:189-195. [PMID: 33180033 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypothyroidism adversely affects pulmonary function, which may improve by thyroxine therapy. Limited studies about the effect of hypothyroidism on spirometric parameters in adult patients were conducted in Basra, south of Iraq. Moreover, the effect of thyroxine therapy on spirometric parameters was not covered by these studies. In this study, pulmonary function in adult's hypothyroid patients was evaluated by spirometry to detect any impairment, type of impairment, and to evaluate the effect of thyroxine therapy. METHODS A comparative study was conducted in Al-Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center (FDEMC) in Al-Faiha teaching hospital, Basrah, Iraq. Subjects are divided into four groups: uncontrolled hypothyroid group (n=72), controlled hypothyroid group (n=60), newly diagnosed hypothyroid group (n=52), and control group (n=110). Spirometry was done to all subjects in sitting position, it's repeated at least three times and the best result was recorded. RESULTS A significantly (p<0.05) less spirometric parameters and more abnormal pulmonary function test (PFT) were noticed in hypothyroid groups, the reduction were more pronounced in the uncontrolled hypothyroid group. The abnormality in PFT was mostly of restrictive type. A significantly (p<0.05) negative correlation has been found between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and spirometric parameters, while the correlation of fT4 is significantly (p<0.05) positive with FVC% and FEV%. CONCLUSION In hypothyroidism, high TSH and low fT4 are recognized causes of a reduction in spirometric parameters. Therefore, spirometry can be used to detect pulmonary function changes in hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha N Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Haithem J Kadhum
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Ali R Hashim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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15
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Trovato M. A historical excursus of diagnostic methods for Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves' disease. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Kalantar K, Ghandehari F, Malek-Hosseini S, Golmoghaddam H, Rostamzadeh D, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Amirghofran Z. Association of FCRL3 rs7528684 polymorphism with risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Iranian patients. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Ahmed Z, Zeeshan S, Mendhe D, Dong X. Human gene and disease associations for clinical-genomics and precision medicine research. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:297-318. [PMID: 32508008 PMCID: PMC7240856 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We are entering the era of personalized medicine in which an individual's genetic makeup will eventually determine how a doctor can tailor his or her therapy. Therefore, it is becoming critical to understand the genetic basis of common diseases, for example, which genes predispose and rare genetic variants contribute to diseases, and so on. Our study focuses on helping researchers, medical practitioners, and pharmacists in having a broad view of genetic variants that may be implicated in the likelihood of developing certain diseases. Our focus here is to create a comprehensive database with mobile access to all available, authentic and actionable genes, SNPs, and classified diseases and drugs collected from different clinical and genomics databases worldwide, including Ensembl, GenCode, ClinVar, GeneCards, DISEASES, HGMD, OMIM, GTR, CNVD, Novoseek, Swiss-Prot, LncRNADisease, Orphanet, GWAS Catalog, SwissVar, COSMIC, WHO, and FDA. We present a new cutting-edge gene-SNP-disease-drug mobile database with a smart phone application, integrating information about classified diseases and related genes, germline and somatic mutations, and drugs. Its database includes over 59 000 protein-coding and noncoding genes; over 67 000 germline SNPs and over a million somatic mutations reported for over 19 000 protein-coding genes located in over 1000 regions, published with over 3000 articles in over 415 journals available at the PUBMED; over 80 000 ICDs; over 123 000 NDCs; and over 100 000 classified gene-SNP-disease associations. We present an application that can provide new insights into the information about genetic basis of human complex diseases and contribute to assimilating genomic with phenotypic data for the availability of gene-based designer drugs, precise targeting of molecular fingerprints for tumor, appropriate drug therapy, predicting individual susceptibility to disease, diagnosis, and treatment of rare illnesses are all a few of the many transformations expected in the decade to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmed
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgers Biomedical and Health SciencesNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Saman Zeeshan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dinesh Mendhe
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgers Biomedical and Health SciencesNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
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18
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Akuka A, Watad A, Comaneshter D, Cohen AD, Amital H, Bragazzi NL. Systemic sclerosis patients are at higher risk of hyperthyroidism and have a worse survival than those without hyperthyroidism: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13177. [PMID: 31633804 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of thyroid disorders has been reported in patients with autoimmune diseases. The link between hyperthyroidism and systemic sclerosis (SSc) has been relatively overlooked, and only a few studies utilizing small samples or case reports have been reported so far. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between SSc and hyperthyroidism. METHODS We designed a case-control study utilizing the medical database of the Clalit Health Services. Chi-square and t tests were used for univariate analysis, and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS The study included 2,431 SSc patients and 12,710 age- and sex-matched controls. The mean age of the study population was 63.32 ± 18.06 years (median 66 years), and female-to-male ratio was 4.5:1. Age (P < .0001, OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.02-1.04]), female sex (P = .0015, OR 1.86 [95% CI 1.27- 2.74]) and diagnosis of SSc (P = .0011, OR 1.81[95% CI 1.27-2.58]) were all independently associated with hyperthyroidism. Patients with SSc and hyperthyroidism had 1.54-fold increase of mortality rates during a mean follow-up of 17 years than SSc patients without hyperthyroidism, even though at the Cox multivariate survival analysis, only age (HR 1.06 [95% CI 1.06-1.07], P < .0001) and diagnosis of SSc (HR 2.35 [CI 2.06 to 2.69], P < .0001) resulted associated with a higher risk of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Hyperthyroidism is highly prevalent among SSc patients and can negatively impact on their survival rates. Therefore, a pre-emptive screening may be warranted in all SSc patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether tight control and optimal treatment for hyperthyroidism may lead to a reduction of all-cause mortality in patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviram Akuka
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Doron Comaneshter
- Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services Tel Aviv, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Arnon D Cohen
- Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services Tel Aviv, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola L Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Zhou H, Ma ZF, Lu Y, Pan B, Shao J, Wang L, Du Y, Zhao Q. Assessment of Iodine Status among Pregnant Women and Neonates Using Neonatal Thyrotropin (TSH) in Mainland China after the Introduction of New Revised Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) in 2012: A Re-Emergence of Iodine Deficiency? Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:3618169. [PMID: 31687019 PMCID: PMC6800896 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3618169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can cause iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). However, it is unclear about iodine and thyroid status of Chinese pregnant women and neonates after the implementation of the revised universal salt iodisation (USI) level in 2012. Therefore, the aim of the cross-sectional study was to determine iodine nutrition and thyroid status among pregnant women and their neonates in China after the implementation of USI. Medical records of pregnant women and neonates in Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between January 2016 and December 2017 were reviewed and included. We included 3060 mother-and-newborn pairs in the study. Mean age of participants was 28.2 ± 4.1 years. TSH, FT3, and FT4 of participants were within normal reference range. The overall mean neonatal TSH, birth weight, and prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) were 4.86 ± 2.06 mIU/L, 3358 ± 455 g, and 3.2%, respectively. The prevalence of neonatal TSH values >5 mIU/L was 29.3%, suggesting iodine deficiency in the region. In conclusion, our results indicated iodine deficiency in the region, according to the neonatal TSH cutoff recommended by WHO/UNICEF/IGD. More efforts are urgently required to improve iodine status of pregnant women in the region in order to prevent a re-emergence of iodine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Binyu Pan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First People's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Shao
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qihua Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
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20
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Murdaca G, Tonacci A, Negrini S, Greco M, Borro M, Puppo F, Gangemi S. Emerging role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases: An update on evidence and therapeutic implications. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:102350. [PMID: 31323357 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a key role in in calcium homeostasis and, thus, provides an important support in bone growth by aiding in the mineralization of the collagen matrix. However, vitamin D performs various immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic actions. Autoimmune diseases result from an aberrant activation of the immune system, whereby the immune response is directed against harmless self-antigens. Does vitamin D play a role in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases? And, if so, what is its role? In the last decade, researchers' interest in vitamin D and its correlations with autoimmune diseases has considerably increased. We conducted a literature review, covering the period January 1, 2009 through March 30, 2019, in PubMed. We analyzed more than 130 studies in order to find a correlation between vitamin D levels and its effect upon several autoimmune diseases. The analysis demonstrated an inverse association between vitamin D and the development of several autoimmune diseases, such as SLE, thyrotoxicosis, type 1 DM, MS, iridocyclitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis vulgaris, seropositive RA, polymyalgia rheumatica. International multicenter study could allow us to confirm the data already present in the literature in the single clinical studies and to evaluate when to effectively supplement vitamin D in patients who do not take corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino,Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Negrini
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino,Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Greco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino,Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Borro
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino,Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Puppo
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino,Genoa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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21
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Małkowski B, Serafin Z, Glonek R, Suwała S, Łopatto R, Junik R. The Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Management of the Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:208. [PMID: 31024448 PMCID: PMC6460940 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: It is a well-known fact that positron emission tomography (PET) is an effective tool in the assessment of thyroid focal lesions, however only few studies so far have investigated its role in monitoring of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). The aim of this study is to assess if PET scan may be useful for the assessment of the thyroid gland in patients with an AITD-Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods: We evaluated twenty subjects with diagnosed Hashimoto's thyroiditis (proven by presence of elevated thyroid antibodies level and by thyroid imaging). The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV-max) of the thyroid parenchyma was measured using 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Control group consisted of patients who have been in carcinoma remission for other reasons than thyroid cancer and who had been investigated by PET scan to exclude carcinoma recurrence. All control group subjects had their thyroid glands intact, none of them had a medical history of thyroid disease including thyroid nodules. AITDs had been excluded in all control group subjects. STATISTICA 13.1 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Results: The SUV-max was significantly higher in patients with an AITD than in healthy subjects (median SUV-max 3.94 vs. 1.95; p = 0.005). Conclusions: 18F-FDG-PET/CT scan may differentiate normal thyroid parenchyma from the diffused inflammatory changes of the thyroid gland in patients with AITDs. However, the researchers must be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Małkowski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Centre, prof. Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Serafin
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Rafał Glonek
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Rafał Glonek
| | - Szymon Suwała
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Rita Łopatto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Centre, prof. Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Roman Junik
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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22
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Beydilli Nacak G, Ozkaya E, Yayla Abide C, Bilgic BE, Devranoglu B, Gokcen Iscan R. The impact of autoimmunity-related early ovarian aging on ICSI cycle outcome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:940-943. [PMID: 29727207 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1469612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO) on the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcome in women with poor ovarian reserve but normal thyrotropin levels. A total of 300 patients with poor ovarian reserve undergoing ICSI cycle from April 2015 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1: Women with early ovarian aging, Group 2: Women with age related poor ovarian reserve. All subjects underwent anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) analysis. The impacts of age and anti-TPO positivity on cycle outcome were assessed. There were no significant differences in basal FSH, basal AMH levels, and antral follicle count between the two main groups. Groups were also comparable in terms of the duration of ovarian stimulation, peak estradiol level, starting gonadotropin dose, total gonadotropin dose, and number of oocytes retrieved. Clinical pregnancy and cycle cancelation rates were significantly higher in group with age-related poor ovarian reserve. While autoimmune thyroid disease rate was significantly higher in group with early ovarian aging. Anti-TPO positivity was a risk factor for poor cycle outcome [RR: 2.8 (95% CI: 1.2-6.3)]. Early ovarian aging may be associated with poorer cycle outcome compared to group with age-related poor ovarian reserve. This difference may be associated with high rate of autoimmunity which led to the impaired endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Beydilli Nacak
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Zeynep Kamil Maternity/Children, Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Enis Ozkaya
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Zeynep Kamil Maternity/Children, Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cigdem Yayla Abide
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Zeynep Kamil Maternity/Children, Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Bulent Emre Bilgic
- b Department of Embryology , Zeynep Kamil Maternity/Children, Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Belgin Devranoglu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Zeynep Kamil Maternity/Children, Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Reyyan Gokcen Iscan
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Zeynep Kamil Maternity/Children, Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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Jang J, Kim Y, Shin J, Lee SA, Choi Y, Park EC. Association between thyroid hormones and the components of metabolic syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:29. [PMID: 29783969 PMCID: PMC5963056 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones are known to have direct and indirect effects on metabolism. Individuals with metabolic syndrome, a disease that is growing in incidence at a rapid rate, are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. The aim of this study was to identify whether significant correlations exist between thyroid hormone levels and components of the metabolic syndrome in the general population of Korea. METHODS The data were collected from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2013 to 2015. A total of 1423 participants were tested for thyroid function. The analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were performed to analyze the relationship between thyroid hormone level and components of the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS A positive association between free thyroxine and fasting glucose level was observed in patients with high free thyroxine levels (≥1.70 ng/dL, β = 15.992, p = < 0.0001), when compared with patients with normal-middle free thyroxine levels. Moreover, a negative association was observed between free thyroxine and triglyceride levels in patients with normal-high free thyroxine levels (β = - 21.145, p = 0.0054) and those with high free thyroxine levels (β = - 49.713, p = 0.0404). CONCLUSION Free thyroxine shows a partially positive association with fasting glucose and a partially negative association with triglycerides in the Korean population. In patients with abnormal thyroid function, follow up tests for glucose levels and lipid profiling during treatment for thyroid dysfunction would be beneficial in terms of overlooking metabolic syndrome and to prevent related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Jang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsook Kim
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202 USA
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Choi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
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Cheng KC, Wu YJ, Cheng KH, Cheng KY, Chen KJ, Wu WC, Lee PY, Chang CH. Autoantibody against aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 could be a biomarker to monitor progression of Graves' orbitopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:1195-1201. [PMID: 29397435 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study surveyed the novel autoantigens expressed in the orbital fat tissue of patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO) and explored the possibility of the autoantibodies against novel autoantigens as biomarkers for GO. METHODS We used immuno-proteomic methods to survey novel autoantigens expressed in the orbit fat tissue of GO patients and confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS One protein spot (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2)) revealed high reactivity with the GO serum than did the healthy control serum and was further verified by ELISA. We found that the plasma anti-ALDH2 antibody level was increased in GO patients compared to healthy control donors. In addition, anti-ALDH2 antibody level was correlated with GO activity classified by clinical activity score(r = 0.588, p < 0.001, using Pearson's correlation). CONCLUSIONS These increased levels of anti-ALDH2 antibody in GO serum suggested that ALDH2 could attribute target autoantigen in GO, and anti-ALDH2 autoantibody might serve as a biomarker for GO and help to predict disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Zihyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Shu-Zen junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Zihyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Zihyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Zihyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Bothra N, Shah N, Goroshi M, Jadhav S, Padalkar S, Thakkar H, Toteja GS, Shivane V, Lila A, Bandgar T. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: relative recurrence risk ratio and implications for screening of first-degree relatives. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 87:201-206. [PMID: 28273382 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The relative recurrence risk ratio (λR ) for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has not been widely studied. The age at which thyroid function evaluation should be initiated for relatives of HT patients remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To study λR and age-related prevalence of HT in first-degree relatives of HT patients. METHODS First-degree relatives (n = 861) of 264 HT patients were evaluated for goitre, thyroid function tests, thyroid antibodies (TAb) and urinary iodide concentration (UIC). HT was defined as TAb positivity and hypothyroidism (subclinical/overt). λR was calculated as {number of index patients whose relatives (of particular subtype) had HT/number of index patients having relatives of same subtype}÷ population prevalence of HT (5·1%). The age-related prevalence of HT was studied using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS A total of 861 relatives (205 parents, 336 siblings and 320 offspring) participated in the study. About 38·3% were TAb positive. The prevalence of HT was 16·7% (22·9% in parents, 19·6% in siblings and 9·6% in offspring). TAb positivity (48·3% vs 33·1%) and HT (23·5% vs 13·6%) were significantly more common in the goitrous group (n = 267) vs nongoitrous group. The median UIC for the study population was 182·5 μg/l. Computed λR was 9·1 for any one relative being affected, 5·9 for parents, 6·3 for siblings and 3·1 for offspring. The prevalence of HT increased with age and exceeded the adult population prevalence of 5·1% at 20 years in females and 27 years in males. CONCLUSIONS Relatives of HT patients have a ninefold increased risk for developing HT as compared to the general population. The risk of developing HT exceeds that of the general population at 20 years in females and 27 years in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Bothra
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Nalini Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Manjunath Goroshi
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Swati Jadhav
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sheetal Padalkar
- Department of Radiology, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Gurudayal Singh Toteja
- Scientist-'G' & Head (Nutrition), Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anurag Lila
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Tushar Bandgar
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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The Relationship of TPOAb and TGAb with Risk of Thyroid Nodules: A Large Epidemiological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070723. [PMID: 28678169 PMCID: PMC5551161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The association between thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies, and thyroid nodules are still not clear. The cross-sectional study, conducted in Hangzhou, China in 2010, aimed to identify the relationship of thyroid hormones and autoantibodies with thyroid nodules. Methods: Information regarding social demography was collected by a questionnaire. Thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxin, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxin, thyrotropin), thyroid autoantibodies (thyroid peroxidase antibody, antithyroglobulin antibody), and thyroid nodules (diagnosed by ultrasonography) was measured in 1271 adults. The association of thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies with thyroid nodules was evaluated using multiple logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of thyroid nodules among males and females was 29.49% and 33.15%, respectively. The thyroid hormone level in the thyroid nodules group was significantly higher than the non-nodules group (all p values < 0.05), except reversely in TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) (p = 0.0532) and TGAb (thyroglobulin antibody) (p = 0.0004). High levels of TPOAb (thyroid peroxidase antibody) (OR (Odds Ratio) = 1.51, 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.99–2.30) and TGAb (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.49–5.51) were associated with increased risk of thyroid nodules, compared with corresponding low levels. However, following sub-analyses in two genders, the similar associations were only observed in females (TPOAb: OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 0.99–2.68; TGAb: OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.53–6.40). Conclusions: The present study indicated that thyroid autoantibodies were positively associated with the risk of thyroid nodules in Chinese coastal adults.
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Syed YA, Reddy BS, Ramamurthy TK, Rajendra K, Nerella NK, Krishnan M, Ramesh MV, Mohammed RB. Estimation of Salivary Parameters among Autoimmune Thyroiditis Patients. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC01-ZC04. [PMID: 28893031 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26444.10128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saliva is a complex secretion that protects and lubricates the oral cavity. Various systemic diseases and their treatment alter the salivary gland function; one such disease is Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD). AITD has been postulated to exert its hormonal influence on the salivary glands, leading to reduced salivary output. There's a paucity of literature, verifying the stated conjunction in human subjects. AIM The aim was to investigate the salivary profile in AITD patients and its comparison with controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional comparative study was conducted using convenience sampling method for screening the presence of thyroid disorders. Two groups comprising of 30 patients in each group diagnosed with autoimmune hypothyroiditis (n=30) and hyperthyroiditis (n=30) respectively and thirty healthy volunteers who were age and sex matched were included as controls. Saliva was collected and evaluated for Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rate (USSFR), pH and buffer capacity. ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test was performed to find the statistical significance and for pairwise comparison. RESULTS Statistically significant difference was observed between autoimmune hypothyroiditis, autoimmune hyperthyroiditis and control group with respect to USSFR (p<0.007), pH (p<0.001) and buffer capacity (p<0.001). On pairwise comparisons statistically significant difference was observed between autoimmune hypothyroiditis and autoimmune hyperthyroiditis with respect to controls. CONCLUSION We conclude that significant involvement of salivary glands may occur in cases of AITD. Our study showed significant reduction of sialometric values in AITD patients when compared to controls. A strong clinical suspicion of thyroid diseases should be considered when there is chronic hyposalivation; hence thyroid profile must also be done, if the known causes have been excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Amthul Syed
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bh Satheesh Reddy
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Aecs Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T K Ramamurthy
- Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Aecs Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Rajendra
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Aecs Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Nerella
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Krishnan
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M V Ramesh
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rezwana Begum Mohammed
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Fröhlich E, Wahl R. Thyroid Autoimmunity: Role of Anti-thyroid Antibodies in Thyroid and Extra-Thyroidal Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:521. [PMID: 28536577 PMCID: PMC5422478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases have a high prevalence in the population, and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most common representatives. Thyroid autoantibodies are not only frequently detected in patients with AITD but also in subjects without manifest thyroid dysfunction. The high prevalence raises questions regarding a potential role in extra-thyroidal diseases. This review summarizes the etiology and mechanism of AITD and addresses prevalence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), and anti-thyroglobulin and their action outside the thyroid. The main issues limiting the reliability of the conclusions drawn here include problems with different specificities and sensitivities of the antibody detection assays employed, as well as potential confounding effects of altered thyroid hormone levels, and lack of prospective studies. In addition to the well-known effects of TSHR antibodies on fibroblasts in Graves' disease (GD), studies speculate on a role of anti-thyroid antibodies in cancer. All antibodies may have a tumor-promoting role in breast cancer carcinogenesis despite anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies having a positive prognostic effect in patients with overt disease. Cross-reactivity with lactoperoxidase leading to induction of chronic inflammation might promote breast cancer, while anti-thyroid antibodies in manifest breast cancer might be an indication for a more active immune system. A better general health condition in older women with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies might support this hypothesis. The different actions of the anti-thyroid antibodies correspond to differences in cellular location of the antigens, titers of the circulating antibodies, duration of antibody exposure, and immunological mechanisms in GD and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Internal Medicine (Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Wahl
- Internal Medicine (Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Cai T, Li J, An X, Yan N, Li D, Jiang Y, Wang W, Shi L, Qin Q, Song R, Wang G, Jiang W, Zhang JA. Polymorphisms in MIR499A and MIR125A gene are associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:106-115. [PMID: 27888002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the miR-146a, miR-499a and miR-125a have been shown to be associated with the susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. This study was conducted to identify the association of SNPs rs2910164, rs57095329, rs3746444 and rs12976445 with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) in a Chinese Han population. METHODS We enrolled 1061 patients with AITDs, including 701 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 360 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and 938 healthy individuals for a case-control genetic association study. Four SNPs were selected for genotyping by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and ligase detection reaction. RESULTS The frequencies of rs3746444 genotypes in patients with AITD and GD differed significantly from those in the controls. The frequencies of rs12976445 genotypes in patients with HT differed significantly from those in the controls. The frequencies of allele C in HT groups were significantly higher than those in control group. For the rs3746444 polymorphism, genetic associations between the combinational genotype and AITD/GD risk were observed in the dominant model, recessive model, and overdominant model. For the rs12976445 polymorphism, genetic associations between the combinational genotype and HT risk were also found in the dominant model and overdominant model. Moreover, gene-sex interactions were identified by GMDR and 2 × 2 crossover analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest rs3746444 (miR-499a) and rs12976445 (miR-125a) associated with AITD susceptibility and potential gene-sex interactions between the four polymorphisms and AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- TianTian Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, No. 10 Biyuan West Road, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an Central Hospital, No.161 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangfeng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, No. 10 Biyuan West Road, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China.
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Amouzegar A, Gharibzadeh S, Kazemian E, Mehran L, Tohidi M, Azizi F. The Prevalence, Incidence and Natural Course of Positive Antithyroperoxidase Antibodies in a Population-Based Study: Tehran Thyroid Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169283. [PMID: 28052092 PMCID: PMC5215694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), the most common antibody frequently measured in population surveys is a protein expressed in the thyroid gland. We conducted the present study to analyze the prevalence and incidence of thyroid auto immunity and natural course of TPOAb in a population based study. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) on 5783 (2376 men and 3407 women) individuals aged ≥ 20 years who had thyroid function tests at baseline and were followed up for median 9.1 year with TPOAb measurements at approximately every 3 years. RESULTS The mean age of total population at baseline was 40.04±14.32. At baseline, of the 5783 participants, 742 (12.8%) were TPOAb positive, with higher prevalence among women than in men (16.0 vs. 8.5%, p = 0.001). The prevalence of TPOAb positivity in the total population was 11.9, 14.9 and 13.6% in the young, middle age and elderly respectively. The total incidence rate (95%CI) of TPOAb positivity in the total population (5020) was 7.1 (6.36-7.98) per 1000 person-years of follow-up, with higher incidence of TPOAb positivity among young participants, i.e. 8.5 (7.5-9.7) per 1000 person-years. Sex specific incidence rate demonstrated that TPOAb positivity was higher in women, 9.3 (8.2-10.7) per 1000 person-years. The Cox's proportional hazard model analysis showed that the hazard ratio of developing TPOAb positivity was higher in women than men (P<0.0001) and tended to increase slightly with serum TSH levels (P<0.0001) but declined with increasing age (P<0.0001) in the total population. Our findings demonstrate that individuals, who became TPOAb positive in each phase, had significant elevation of TSH levels at the phase of seroconversion, compared to baseline values. CONCLUSION Gender, age and elevated serum TSH were found to be risk factors for developing TPOAb positivity. Furthermore, compared to baseline a significant elevation of TSH levels during seroconversion phase was observed in TPOAb positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Safoora Gharibzadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Elham Kazemian
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Ladan Mehran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Maryam Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
- * E-mail:
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Peng S, Li C, Wang X, Liu X, Han C, Jin T, Liu S, Zhang X, Zhang H, He X, Xie X, Yu X, Wang C, Shan L, Fan C, Shan Z, Teng W. Increased Toll-Like Receptors Activity and TLR Ligands in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:578. [PMID: 28018345 PMCID: PMC5145898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an organ-specific disorder due to the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors expressed abundantly on monocytes. There is a paucity of data on TLR expression in AITD. The aim of this study was to examine TLR expression, activation, ligands, and downstream signaling adaptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) extracted from untreated AITD patients and healthy controls. METHOD We isolated PBMC of 30 healthy controls, 36 patients with untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 30 patients with newly onset Graves' disease. TLR mRNA, protein expression, TLR ligands, and TLR adaptor molecules were measured using real-time PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PBMC was simulated with TLR agonists. The effects of TLR agonists on the viability of human PBMC were evaluated using the MTT assay. The supernatants of cell cultures were measured for the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 by ELISA. RESULTS TLR2, TLR3, TLR9, and TLR10 mRNA were significantly increased in AITD patients compared with controls. TLR2, TLR3, TLR9, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and RAGE expression on monocytes was higher in patients than control at baseline and TLR agonists' stimulation. The release of TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly increased in PBMCs from AITD patients with TLR agonists, while IL-10 was significantly decreased. Downstream targets of TLR, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and myeloid toll/IL-1 receptor-domain containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β were significantly elevated in AITD patients. Levels of TLR2 ligands, HMGB1, and heat shock protein 60 were significantly elevated in AITD patients compared with those in controls and positively correlated with TgAb and TPOAb, while sRAGE concentration was significantly decreased in AITD patients. CONCLUSION This work is the first to show that TLR2, TLR3, and TLR9 expression and activation are elevated in the PBMCs of patients with AITD and TLRs may participate in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Emergency, People’s Liberation Army No.202 Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochen Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenling Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Gao X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Hua W, Maimaiti Y, Gao Z. Is papillary thyroid microcarcinoma an indolent tumor?: A retrospective study on 280 cases treated with radioiodine. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5067. [PMID: 27749574 PMCID: PMC5059077 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing detection of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has created management dilemmas. To clarify the clinical significance of postsurgery stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg) in PTMC who undergo thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI), we retrospectively reviewed the 358 PTMC patients who were treated with RAI and followed up in our hospital. Those with an excessive anti-Tg antibody, ultrasound-detected residual were excluded, thereby resulting in the inclusion of 280 cases. Their clinical and histopathological information and clinical outcomes were collected and summarized. Tumor stages were classified according to the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system and the consensus of the European Thyroid Association (ETA) risk stratification system, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to compare the disease-free survival (DFS) rates of different risk-staging systems. By the end of follow-up, none of the patients died of the disease or relapsed. The 8-year DFS rate was 76.9%. Kaplan-Meier curves showed different DFS rates in TNM stages I versus IV, III versus IV, very low risk versus high risk, low risk versus high risk, respectively (P < 0.05), while they were not significantly different in stage I versus stage III, very low risk versus low risk (P > 0.05). Finally, 40 (14.3%) cases got a persistent disease. Five variables (male sex, nonconcurrent benign pathology, initial tumor size >5 mm, lymph node metastasis, and ps-Tg ≥ 10 μg/L) were associated with disease persistence by univariate regression analysis. Ps-Tg ≥ 10 μg/L was the only independent prognostic variable that predicted disease persistence by multivariate regression analysis (odds ratio: 36.057, P = 0.000). Therefore, PTMC with a small size of ≤1 cm does not always act as an indolent tumor. In conclusion, ps-Tg ≥ 10 μg/L is associated with increased odds of disease persistence. ETA risk stratification is more effective in predicting disease persistence than the TNM classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yusufu Maimaiti
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zairong Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Correspondence: Zairong Gao, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430022, China (e-mail: )
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Cai TT, Zhang J, Wang X, Song RH, Qin Q, Muhali FS, Zhou JZ, Xu J, Zhang JA. Gene-gene and gene-sex epistatic interactions of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocr J 2016; 63:643-53. [PMID: 27237591 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) polymorphisms with susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) and to test gene-gene/gene-sex epistasis interactions. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B were selected and genotyped by multiplex polymerase chain reaction combined with ligase detection reaction method (PCR-LDR). A total of 685 Graves' disease (GD) patients, 353 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients and 909 healthy controls were included in the final analysis. Epistasis was tested by additive model, multiplicative model and general multifactor dimensionality reduction (general MDR). Rs2424913 (DNMT3B) and rs2228611 (DNMT1) were associated with susceptibility to AITD and GD in the dominant and overdominant model, respectively (rs2424913: P=0.009 for AITD, P=0.0041 for GD; rs2228611: P=0.035 for AITD, P=0.043 for GD). Multiplicative and multiple high dimensional gene-gene or gene-sex interactions were also observed in this study. We have found evidence for a potential role of rs2424913 (DNMT3B) and rs2228611 (DNMT1) in AITD susceptibility and identified novel gene-gene/gene-sex interactions in AITD. Our study may highlight sex and genes of DNMTs family as contributors to the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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Song RH, Qin Q, Wang X, Yan N, Meng S, Shi XH, He ST, Zhang JA. Differential cytokine expression detected by protein microarray screening in peripheral blood of patients with refractory Graves' disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:402-7. [PMID: 25817259 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognosis of Graves' disease (GD) varies among patients. However, the immune pathogenesis of refractory GD is still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the cytokine expression profile associated with refractory GD. METHODS Preliminary cytokine protein microarray screening was performed to detect differentially expressed cytokines in the plasma of four patients with refractory GD and four patients with stable GD. Some differentially expressed cytokines were then validated in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on another independent set of samples. RESULTS We found that 21 cytokines were differentially expressed between patients with intractable GD and those in remission, including 18 upregulated and 3 downregulated cytokines with a fold change >1·30 and <0·77, respectively. Intractability-related elevation of three cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) was validated by ELISA in plasma on another GD cohort with 30 patients in recurrence and 14 in remission (t-test, P = 0·035, 0·033 and 0·041, respectively). Furthermore, mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in PBMCs, detected by qRT-PCR, was significantly elevated in patients with refractory GD compared with those in remission (P = 0·039, 0·047 and 0·042, respectively). CONCLUSION The severity of GD is associated with the aberrant expression and secretion of several cytokines that may serve as potential biomarkers and predictors for disease prognosis. Targeting these cytokines or their receptors may also lead to a novel therapeutic intervention for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-hua Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-hong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-tao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ramesh BG, Bhargav PR, Rajesh BG, Vimala Devi N, Vijayaraghavan R, Aparna Varma B. Genomics and phenomics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children and adolescents: a prospective study from Southern India. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:280. [PMID: 26697440 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.10.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the commonest cause of acquired hypothyroidism in children and adolescents in iodine non-endemic areas. The genetic analysis in HT shows two types of susceptibility genes-immune regulatory and thyroid specific genes. The exact genotype-phenotypic correlations and risk categorization of hypothyroid phenotypes resulting from these known mutations are largely speculative. The genetic studies in pediatric HT are very sparse from Indian sub-continent. In this context, we analysed the prevalence of TPO, NIS and DUOX2 gene mutations along with genotype-phenotype correlations in hypothyroid children with HT. METHODS This is inter-disciplinary study conducted by collaboration between a tertiary care endocrinology hospital, biochemistry department of a teaching medical institute and genetics lab. In this prospective study, we employed 8 sets of primers and screened for 142 known single nucleotide polymorphisms in TPO, NIS, DUOX2 genes. The subjects were children and adolescents with hypothyroidism due to HT. Congenital hypothyroidism, iodine deficiency and dyshormonogenetic hypothyroidism cases were excluded. RESULTS We detected 8 mutations in 7/20 (35%) children in the entire cohort (6 in NIS and 2 in TPO genes. No mutations were observed in DUOX2 gene. All our mutations were localized in introns and we found none in exons. Except for bi-allelic, synonymous polymorphism of TPO gene in child No. 18, all other mutations were heterozygous in nature. Genotype-phenotype correlations show that our mutations significantly expressed the presence of associated autoimmune manifestations and existence of family history. Clinical phenotypes of painful thyroiditis, severity of hypothyroidism and absence of goiter were statistically significant in the presence of these mutations. But, they could not reach significance on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS NIS gene followed by TPO mutations appears to be most prevalent mutations in HT amongst South Indian children and these mutations significantly influenced phenotypic expressions such as severity of hypothyroidism, goiter, auto-immune manifestations and family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangaraiah Gari Ramesh
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Panchangam Ramakanth Bhargav
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Bangaraiah Gari Rajesh
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Nangedda Vimala Devi
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Bhongir Aparna Varma
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Łukaszuk K, Kunicki M, Kulwikowska P, Liss J, Pastuszek E, Jaszczołt M, Męczekalski B, Skowroński K. The impact of the presence of antithyroid antibodies on pregnancy outcome following intracytoplasmatic sperm injection-ICSI and embryo transfer in women with normal thyreotropine levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:1335-43. [PMID: 26280321 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO) on pregnancy outcome following the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in general groups and in subgroups divided according to AMH level and age. METHODS A total of 114 patients positive for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO+ group) and 495 infertile women negative for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO- group) undergoing IVF with ICSI from April 2010 to April 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, BMI, basal FSH, LH, AMH levels and duration of infertility between the two main groups. No significant differences in terms of the days of ovarian stimulation, estradiol level in day 8, total gonadotropin dose, number of oocytes retrieved, available embryos and blastocysts, number of embryos transferred nor in rates of fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, live birth and abortion rate between two main groups were found. The only statistically significant difference among the groups with different anti-TPO antibodies levels was found in basal FSH concentration and BMI. Among the clinical outcomes of IVF with respect to the different anti-TPO levels, the only significant difference was found for the number of oocytes retrieved. Analysis of the baseline parameters in relationship to age categories and AMH levels found significant differences between women positive and negative for thyroid antibodies with respect to basal FSH and LH levels for women >37 years and for basal FSH in AMH <0.6 subgroup. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that patients with anti-TPO antibodies showed no significant differences in fertilization, implantation, pregnancy rates, live birth rates and no higher risk for miscarriage following IVF-ET when compared with those negative for anti-thyroid antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Łukaszuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Gdańsk, Poland
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Invicta Złota 6 Str, 00019, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kunicki
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Invicta Złota 6 Str, 00019, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - P Kulwikowska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Liss
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - E Pastuszek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Jaszczołt
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - B Męczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan Univeristy of Medcial Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - K Skowroński
- Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Cai TT, Muhali FS, Song RH, Qin Q, Wang X, Shi LF, Jiang WJ, Xiao L, Li DF, Zhang JA. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in Graves' disease. Genomics 2015; 105:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kamra HT, Agarwal R, Rana P, Kalra R, Kaur S, Duhan A, Verma S, Agarwal D. Evaluation profile of thyroid nodule by fnac in the rural population of khanpur kalan, sonepat, haryana. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:FC16-8. [PMID: 25478348 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9134.4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid disease is most common endocrine disorder and is different from other endocrine diseases because of its visible swelling and ease of diagnosis. If left untreated, thyroid disease makes a person more prone for heart disease, infertility and osteoporosis. In India, significant burden of thyroid diseases exist with an estimation of around 42 million cases. The thyroid status and autoimmune status of adult Indian population in the post iodinization phase is largely unknown. AIM The main objective of this study was to generate valuable epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of thyroid disorders in rural population of Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat in the post-iodinisation era in India. To assess whether thyroid autoimmunity or goitrogens along with environmental factors play role in the development of thyroid.This paper is being presented in view that no such study has been carried out in the rural population of this region in Haryana. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted in Department of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat between August 2011 to July 2013. It included retrospective analysis of cytomorphology of fine needle aspiration cytology material of 206 patients presenting with thyroid nodule in the Department of Pathology. RESULTS The commonest age group affected was 31-40 yrs. The female patients (93.4%) outnumbered the male patients (6.6%).The cytomorphological analysis of 206 patients revealed 190 cases (92.2%) of neoplastic lesions, 10 cases (4.8%) were neoplastic and 6 cases (2.9%) had indeterminate cytomorphology. Maximum number (65.5%) of patients was suffering with goiter followed by lymphocytic thyroiditis (26.2%). Amongst the malignant cases three cases were of papillary carcinoma and one case of medullary carcinoma. Two out of the six cases of follicular neoplasm proved to be follicular adenoma on histopathology. Four patients with high T3 levels were under treatment with neomercazole. They showed change in cytomorphology from hyperplasia to colloid goiter. Only one case of acute suppurative thyroiditis was reported which shows rarity of its type. CONCLUSION The increased prevalence of goiter in this post iodinisation era can be attributed to goitrogens, autoimmune thyroid disease and micronutrient deficiency of iron and selenium. Higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in females is linked with both genetic and environmental factors such as infection, stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata T Kamra
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, BPS GMC, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College for women , Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Ruchi Agarwal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, BPSGMC, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College for women , Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Parveen Rana
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, BPSGMC, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College for women , Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Rajnish Kalra
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Post graduate, Institute of Medical Sciences , Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Swarn Kaur
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College for women , Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Amrita Duhan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College for women , Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Verma
- Demonstrator, Department of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College for women , Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Deepti Agarwal
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College for women , Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
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Dharmasena A. Selenium supplementation in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy: an update. Int J Ophthalmol 2014; 7:365-75. [PMID: 24790886 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.02.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of selenium (Se) has already been proven in thyroid disease and thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). In spite of clear scientific proof of its benefits in TAO, there appears to be no clear agreement among the clinicians regarding its optimum dose, duration of the treatment, efficacy and safety to date. In this review, the author summarises the findings of 135 English language articles published on this subject over the past four decades from 1973 to 2013. The regulation and metabolism of thyroid hormones require a steady supply of Se and recent studies have revealed several possible mechanisms by which Se improves the severity of thyroid disease and TAO. These mechanisms include 1) inhibitory effect of HLA-DR molecule expression on thyrocytes; 2) profound reductions of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSHR-Ab) and TPO antibodies (TPO-Ab); 3) prevention of dysregulation of cell-mediated immunity and B cell function; 4) neutralising reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of redox control processes required for the activation, differentiation and action of lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells involved in both acute and chronic orbital inflammation in TAO; 5) inhibition of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and 6) inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. An increased oxidative stress has been observed in both acute and chronic phases of thyroid disease with raised tissue concentrations of ROS. The benefits of Se supplementation in individuals with TAO appear to be proportionate to the degree of systemic activity of the thyroid disease. The maximal benefit of Se supplementation is therefore seen in the subjects who are hyperthyroid. Restoration of euthyroidism is one of the main goals in the management of TAO and when anti-thyroid drugs are combined with Se, the patients with Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) achieved euthyroidism faster than those treated with anti-thyroid drugs alone. Se status of normal adult humans can vary widely and Se supplementation may confer benefit only if serum Se levels are insufficient. The author recommends that serum Se levels of patients with TAO to be assessed prior to and during Se supplementation at regular intervals to avoid potential iatrogenic chronic Se overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Dharmasena
- Department of Oculoplastics, Lacrimal and Orbital Surgery, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WH, UK
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Gupta MK, Singh DB, Shukla R, Misra K. A comprehensive metabolic modeling of thyroid pathway in relation to thyroid pathophysiology and therapeutics. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 17:584-93. [PMID: 24044365 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid pathway represents a complex interaction of different glands for thyroid hormone synthesis. Thyrotropin releasing hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus and regulates thyrotropin stimulating hormone gene expression in the pituitary gland. In order to understand the complexity of the thyroid pathways, and using experimental data retrieved from the biomedical literature (e.g., NCBI, HuGE Navigator, Protein Data Bank, and KEGG), we constructed a metabolic map of the thyroid hormone pathway at a molecular level and analyzed it topologically. A total of five hub nodes were predicted in regards to the transcription thyroid receptor (TR), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT 3), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB), and activator protein 1 (AP-1) as being potentially important in study of thyroid disorders and as novel putative therapeutic drug targets. Notably, the thyroid receptor is a highly connected hub node and currently used as a therapeutic target in hypothyroidism. Our analysis represents the first comprehensive description of the thyroid pathway, which pertains to understanding the function of the protein and gene interaction networks. The findings from this study are therefore informative for pathophysiology and rational therapeutics of thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Gupta
- 1 Department of Bioinformatics, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Szychta P, Szychta W, Gesing A, Lewiński A, Karbownik-Lewińska M. TSH receptor antibodies have predictive value for breast cancer - retrospective analysis. Thyroid Res 2013; 6:8. [PMID: 23680448 PMCID: PMC3662571 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Associations between breast cancer and thyroid disorders are reported in numerous studies. Relationships between thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and breast cancer have been previously demonstrated. However, no analysis has been performed concerning an association between thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) and breast cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of breast cancer or benign breast tumors in patients with Graves’ disease and to analyze a possible relationship between Graves’ disease and these two groups of breast diseases with emphasis to epidemiology and laboratory findings. Patients and methods Clinical and laboratory details of 2003 women hospitalized for endocrine disorders were retrospectively analyzed, using an unpaired Student’s t-test, logistic regression analysis, χ2 test of independence or the two-sided ratio comparison test. Results The coexistence of Graves’ disease and breast cancer was statistically significant. We observed TSHRAb and TgAb more frequently in patients with breast cancer. We found that TSHRAb is the only variable possessing predictive value for breast cancer. Conclusions The strong relationship between Graves’ disease and breast cancer is proposed. We suggest that TSHRAb could be described as a positive determinant of breast cancer. The present data call attention to the usefulness of screening for breast cancer in long-term follow-up of patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders, especially of those with Graves’ disease. Similarly, screening for autoimmune thyroid disorders should be performed in patients with nodular breast disease. Additionally, the article draws ideas for further research in order to develop targeted treatment for more successful outcome in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szychta
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St,, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
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Chen YL, Yeh JH, Chiu HC. Clinical features of myasthenia gravis patients with autoimmune thyroid disease in Taiwan. Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 127:170-4. [PMID: 22725712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2012.01693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and clinical features of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with and without autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1999 and 2009, we reviewed a total of 1482 patients with MG. On the basis of thyroid evaluations, as well as neurological, clinical, and serological findings, the patients were divided into group A (MG patients with ATD) or group B (MG patients without ATD). The patients were categorized as having ocular myasthenia when symptoms restricted to the ocular system were present for 2 years or more. RESULTS Of the 1482 MG patients, 121 (8.2%) patients were classified into group A. Graves' disease was more predominant (5.7%) than Hashimoto's thyroiditis (1.1%) and antibody-positive thyroid disease (1.4%). MG patients with ATD were predominantly female, were younger at the onset of MG symptoms, had a higher frequency of mild MG (ocular and mild generalized MG) and thymic hyperplasia, and had lower levels of seropositive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Compared to patients without thyroid eye disease, ATD patients with thyroid eye disease had a higher frequency of ocular MG. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest review of the clinical features of MG patients with and without ATD to date. We found that compared to ocular MG, mild MG is more commonly associated with ATD. Furthermore, we observed that thymic hyperplasia is more common in MG patients with ATD, while thymoma is more common in MG patients without ATD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-L. Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine; Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; Taipei; Taiwan
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Gupta MK, Misra K. Modeling and simulation analysis of propyl-thiouracil (PTU), an anti-thyroid drug on thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), and sodium iodide (NIS) symporter based on systems biology approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13721-013-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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