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Taylor HM, Triglia T, Thompson J, Sajid M, Fowler R, Wickham ME, Cowman AF, Holder AA. Plasmodium falciparum homologue of the genes for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium yoelii adhesive proteins, which is transcribed but not translated. Infect Immun 2001; 69:3635-45. [PMID: 11349024 PMCID: PMC98354 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.6.3635-3645.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2000] [Accepted: 02/28/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 235-kDa family of rhoptry proteins in Plasmodium yoelii and the two reticulocyte binding proteins of P. vivax comprise a family of proteins involved in host cell selection and erythrocyte invasion. Here we described a member of the gene family found in P. falciparum (PfRH3) that is transcribed in its entirety, under stage-specific control, with correct splicing of the intron, but appears not to be translated, probably due to two reading frameshifts at the 5' end of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Taylor
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom.
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Rechinger KB, Bougri OV, Cameron-Mills V. Evolutionary relationship of the members of the sulphur-rich hordein family revealed by common antigenic determinants. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1993; 85:829-840. [PMID: 24196057 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/1992] [Accepted: 07/08/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Five monoclonal antibodies raised against an enriched C hordein fraction have been characterized in detail and were found to be specific for the members of the sulphur-rich hordein family. Two antibodies specific for B hordein polypeptides were identified, one of which reacted predominantly with CNBr cleavage class III polypeptides. γ1 hordein was recognized by two antibodies, of which one also reacted with γ2 hordein and several members of the CNBr cleavage class II B hordein polypeptides. One antibody recognized γ3 hordein but cross-reacted at higher antibody concentration with almost all of the B and C hordein polypeptides. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies was confirmed by Western blotting of one- or two-dimensionally separated hordein from the B hordein-deficient mutant hor2ca and its wild-type Carlsberg II and the γ3 hordein-deficient genotype Nevsky. The identification of the γ hordein-specific monoclonal antibodies was further supported by immune precipitation of in-vitro transcribed and translated γ2 hordein, and hor2ca and Carlsberg II mRNA translation products. The monoclonal antibodies were used to screen for mutants in γ hordein synthesis. Two mutants, one deficient in γ 1 hordein synthesis and a second in γ 2 or closely related B hordein polypeptides were identified. A model is proposed for the evolution of the sulphur-rich hordein loci Hor5 and Hor2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Rechinger
- Department of Physiology, Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsbergvej 10, DK-2500, Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
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Blackman MJ, Whittle H, Holder AA. Processing of the Plasmodium falciparum major merozoite surface protein-1: identification of a 33-kilodalton secondary processing product which is shed prior to erythrocyte invasion. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1991; 49:35-44. [PMID: 1723148 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(91)90128-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that only a single 19-kDa fragment of the Plasmodium falciparum major merozoite surface protein (MSP1) is carried with an invading merozoite into the infected red cell. This fragment (MSP1(19] is derived from the C-terminal membrane-bound end of a major product, MSP1(42), of the primary stage of MSP1 proteolytic processing. Using a monoclonal antibody mapped to an epitope within the N-terminal region of MSP1(42), we have shown that a soluble 33-kDa polypeptide (MSP1(33) corresponding to the N-terminal region of MSP1(42) is shed into culture supernatants during merozoite release and erythrocyte invasion. These observations provide further evidence that the secondary processing of MSP1(42) involves a highly site-specific proteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Blackman
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, U.K
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Entwistle J. Primary structure of a C-hordein gene from barley. CARLSBERG RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1988; 53:247-58. [PMID: 3255313 DOI: 10.1007/bf02907181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of a 2065 base pair HindIII fragment, containing a gene (lambda hor1-14) belonging to the Hor1 locus in barley, has been determined. The fragment consists of 1044 bp of coding region interrupted by an amber codon at base 481, a 5' non-coding region of 428 bp and a 3' non-coding region with 593 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein (327 amino acids) is characterized by an octapeptide motif PQQPFPQQ which is repeated throughout the peptide chain between a unique 12 amino acid long NH2-terminal and an equally unique 10 amino acid long COOH-terminal end. The proline + glutamine content is 62% and the next three most abundant amino acids are leucine (9%), phenylalanine (8%) and isoleucine (3%). In the 5' non-coding region there is a TATA box at -98 bp from the start methionine. The 3' non-coding region has a polyadenylation signal 76 bp downstream from the TAA stop codon. The deduced amino acid sequences of the NH2- and COOH-terminals of lambda hor1-14 are very similar but not identical to those known from the Edman degradation and carboxypeptidase Y analysis of C-hordein polypeptides. The 3' coding and non-coding region of lambda hor1-14 is closely similar but different in detail to the known C-hordein cDNA clones. One polyadenylation signal is found in lambda hor1-14 whereas two are present in each of the three known C-hordein cDNAs. These differences and the amber codon interrupting the open reading frame indicate that this gene is silent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Entwistle
- Department of Physiology, Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen Valby
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Rasmussen SK, Brandt A. Nucleotide sequences of cDNA clones for C-hordein polypeptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02907313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lauriére M, Mossé J, Daussant J. Physicochemical and immunochemical studies of the hordeins with low electrophoretic mobility at acidic pH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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von Wettstein D. Genetic engineering in the adaptation of plants to evolving human needs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01990287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rasmussen SK, Hopp HE, Brandt A. Nucleotide sequences of cDNA clones for B1 hordein polypeptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02907766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hopp HE, Rasmussen SK, Brandt A. Organization and transcription of B1 hordein genes in high lysine mutants of barley. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02907767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Paz-Ares J, Ponz F, Aragoncillo C, Hernández-Lucas C, Salcedo G, Carbonero P, García-Olmedo F. In vivo and in vitro synthesis of CM-proteins (A-hordeins) from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANTA 1983; 157:74-80. [PMID: 24263947 DOI: 10.1007/bf00394543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/1982] [Accepted: 10/01/1982] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CM-proteins from barley endosperm (CMa, CMb, CMc, CMd), which are the main components of the A-hordein fraction, are synthesized most actively 10 to 30 d after anthesis (maximum at 15-20 d). They are synthesized by membranebound polysomes as precursors of higher apparent molecular weight (13,000-21,000) than the mature proteins (12,000-16,000). The largest in vitro product (21,000) is the putative precursor of protein CMd (16,000), as it is selected with anti-CMd monospecific IgG's, and is coded by an mRNA of greater sedimentation coefficient (9 S) than those encoding the other three proteins (7.5 S). CM-proteins always appear in the soluble fraction, following different homogenization and subcellular fractionation procedures, indicating that these proteins are transferred to the soluble fraction after processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paz-Ares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos-Universidad Politecnica, Madrid-3, Spain
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Blake TK, Ullrich SE, Nilan RA. Mapping of the Hor-3 locus encoding D hordein in Barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1982; 63:367-371. [PMID: 24270874 DOI: 10.1007/bf00303909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/1982] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The hordein storage proteins of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are of intense interest due to their genetic diversity and prominence and impact on the industrial and agricultural uses of the seed. Two major hordein loci have been previously mapped on chromosome 5 (Hor-1 and Hor-2 encoding the C and B hordeins, respectively). A third major locus, Hor-3, which codes for D hordein, has been located in the centromeric region of chromosome 5, probably on the long arm. Two allelic variants with apparent molecular weights of 83,000 and 91,000 and similar isoelectric points of 8.0 comprise the products of this locus in the barley varieties 'Advance' and 'Triple Awned Lemma'. The D hordein examined is similar in molecular weight and isoelectric point to the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin proteins encoded by the 1B chromosome of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Blake
- Department of Agronomy and Soils and Program in Genetics and Cell Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Schmitt JM, Svendsen IB. Partial amino acid sequence from hordein polypeptide B1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02932922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Salcedo G, Sanchez-Monge R, Argamenteria A, Aragonsillo C. The A-hordeins as a group of salt soluble hydrophobic proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(80)90086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Matthews JA, Miflin BJ. In vitro synthesis of barley storage proteins. PLANTA 1980; 149:262-268. [PMID: 24306296 DOI: 10.1007/bf00384563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/1979] [Accepted: 02/01/1980] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound polysomes were isolated from developing endosperms of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and shown to support the synthesis of trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material by an in vitro wheat germ protein synthesis system. The mRNA associated with the polysomes was separated from the ribosomes by affinity chromatography on oligo-dT cellulose and was also shown to support in vitro protein synthesis. The poly-A(+) RNA isolated contained material of between 0.55 and 2.55 kilobases in length with about 6% poly A. The products of in vitro protein synthesis resembled hordeins (the prolamin storage proteins of the barley endosperm) in that they were predominantly soluble in 55% propan-2-ol, contained a low proportion of lysine as compared with leucine and had similar, but not identical, electrophoretic properties. The differences in the electrophoretic behaviour between the products of poly-A(+) RNA translation and authentic hordeins is suggested to be due to the presence of an extra (leader?) sequence on the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Matthews
- Biochemistry Department, Rothamsted Experimental Station, AL5 2JQ, Harpenden, Herts., UK
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Jensen J, Jørgensen JH, Jensen HP, Giese H, Doll H. Linkage of the hordein loci Hor1 and Hor2 with the powdery mildew resistance loci Ml-k and Ml-a on Barley chromosome 5. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1980; 58:27-31. [PMID: 24301214 DOI: 10.1007/bf00264664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/1980] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The linkage relationship among the loci Hor1, Hor2, Ml-k and Ml-a on the short arm of chromosome 5 was studied by progeny testing the F2 generation of two crosses. The loci Hor1 and Hor2 code for polypeptides of the storage protein hordein (prolamin) and the loci Ml-k and Ml-a determine the resistance reaction with some powdery mildew fungi cultures. The order of the loci is Ml-k, Hor1, Ml-a, and Hor2, the first named being nearest the centromere. The recombination percentage between Hor1 and Hor2 was determined in the F1 and F2 generations in both crosses, the combined estimate being 7.4±0.9 per cent. The recombination percentage estimated between Ml-k and Hor1 was 4.0±1.3, between Hor1 and Ml-a, 5.3±1.1, and between Ml-a and Hor2, 6.1±1.2. The estimates involving the Ml- loci were all probably a little too high.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jensen
- Agricultural Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark
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Schmitt JM. Purification of hordein polypeptides by column chromatography using volatile solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02906191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Brandt A, Ingversen J. Isolation and translation of hordein messenger RNA from wild type and mutant endosperms in barley. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02906115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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