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Kumar V, Bansal V, Madhavan A, Kumar M, Sindhu R, Awasthi MK, Binod P, Saran S. Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) chemicals: a critical review of current biotechnological approaches. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4309-4327. [PMID: 35135435 PMCID: PMC8973766 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2031412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to generate a framework of bio-based economy by an effective utilization of biomass from the perspectives of agriculture for developing potential end bio-based products (e.g. pharmaceuticals, active pharmaceutical ingredients). Our discussion is also extended to the conservatory ways of bioenergy along with development of bio-based products and biofuels. This review article further showcased the fundamental principles for producing these by-products. Thereby, the necessity of creating these products is to be efficaciously utilization by small-scale farmers that can aid the local needs for bio-based materials and energy. Concurrently, the building up of small markets will open up the avenues and linkages for bigger markets. In nutshell, the aim of the review is to explore the pathway of the biotechnological approaches so that less chosen producers and underdeveloped areas can be allied so that pressure on the systems of biomass production can be relaxed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation Technology and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Csir- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Csir-iiim), J & K, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad-India
| | - Vasudha Bansal
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Government Home Science College, Affiliated to Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Division of Infectious Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, - Trivandrum- India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Fermentation Technology and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Csir- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Csir-iiim), J & K, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad-India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Deapartment of Food Technology, Tkm Institute of Technology, Kollam-India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- Department of Resource and Environmental Science, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&f University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, PR China
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary, Science and Technology (Csir-niist), Trivandrum- India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation Technology and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Csir- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Csir-iiim), J & K, India
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Pabbathi NPP, Velidandi A, Tavarna T, Gupta S, Raj RS, Gandam PK, Baadhe RR. Role of metagenomics in prospecting novel endoglucanases, accentuating functional metagenomics approach in second-generation biofuel production: a review. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2021; 13:1371-1398. [PMID: 33437563 PMCID: PMC7790359 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-020-01186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As the fossil fuel reserves are depleting rapidly, there is a need for alternate fuels to meet the day to day mounting energy demands. As fossil fuel started depleting, a quest for alternate forms of fuel was initiated and biofuel is one of its promising outcomes. First-generation biofuels are made from edible sources like vegetable oils, starch, and sugars. Second-generation biofuels (SGB) are derived from lignocellulosic crops and the third-generation involves algae for biofuel production. Technical challenges in the production of SGB are hampering its commercialization. Advanced molecular technologies like metagenomics can help in the discovery of novel lignocellulosic biomass-degrading enzymes for commercialization and industrial production of SGB. This review discusses the metagenomic outcomes to enlighten the importance of unexplored habitats for novel cellulolytic gene mining. It also emphasizes the potential of different metagenomic approaches to explore the uncultivable cellulose-degrading microbiome as well as cellulolytic enzymes associated with them. This review also includes effective pre-treatment technology and consolidated bioprocessing for efficient biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninian Prem Prashanth Pabbathi
- Integrated Biorefinery Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004 India
| | - Aditya Velidandi
- Integrated Biorefinery Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004 India
| | - Tanvi Tavarna
- Integrated Biorefinery Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004 India
| | - Shreyash Gupta
- Integrated Biorefinery Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004 India
| | - Ram Sarvesh Raj
- Integrated Biorefinery Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gandam
- Integrated Biorefinery Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004 India
| | - Rama Raju Baadhe
- Integrated Biorefinery Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004 India
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Abo BO, Gao M, Wang Y, Wu C, Ma H, Wang Q. Lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol: an overview on pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation processes. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:57-68. [PMID: 30685745 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol is currently the only alternative to gasoline that can be used immediately without having to make any significant changes in the way fuel is distributed. In addition, the carbon dioxide (CO2) released during the combustion of bioethanol is the same as that used by the plant in the atmosphere for its growth, so it does not participate in the increase of the greenhouse effect. Bioethanol can be obtained by fermentation of plants containing sucrose (beet, sugar cane…) or starch (wheat, corn…). However, large-scale use of bioethanol implies the use of very large agricultural surfaces for maize or sugarcane production. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) such as agricultural residues for the production of bioethanol seems to be a solution to this problem due to its high availability and low cost even if its growth still faces technological difficulties. In this review, we present an overview of lignocellulosic biomass, the different methods of pre-treatment of LCB and the various fermentation processes that can be used to produce bioethanol from LCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodjui Olivier Abo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Sorokina KN, Samoylova YV, Piligaev AV, Sivakumar U, Parmon VN. New methods for the one-pot processing of polysaccharide components (cellulose and hemicelluloses) of lignocellulose biomass into valuable products. Part 2: Biotechnological approaches to the conversion of polysaccharides and monosaccharides into the valuable industrial chemicals. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050417030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sorokina KN, Samoylova YV, Piligaev AV, Sivakumar U, Parmon VN. New methods for the one-pot processing of polysaccharide components (cellulose and hemicelluloses) of lignocellulose biomass into valuable products. Part 3: Products synthesized via the biotechnological conversion of poly- and monosaccharides of biomass. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050417030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen H, Li G. An industrial level system with nonisothermal simultaneous solid state saccharification, fermentation and separation for ethanol production. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang D, Sun J, Yu HL, Li CX, Bao J, Xu JH. Maximum Saccharification of Cellulose Complex by an Enzyme Cocktail Supplemented with Cellulase from Newly Isolated Aspergillus fumigatus ECU0811. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:176-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chandra M, Kalra A, Sangwan NS, Gaurav SS, Darokar MP, Sangwan RS. Development of a mutant of Trichoderma citrinoviride for enhanced production of cellulases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1659-1662. [PMID: 18951016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Considering importance of a microbial strain capable of increased cellulases production and insensitive to catabolite repression for industrial use, we have developed a mutant strain of Trichoderma citrinoviride by multiple exposures to EMS and ethidium bromide. The mutant produced 0.63, 3.12, 8.22 and 1.94 IU ml(-1) FPase, endoglucanase, beta-glucosidase and cellobiase, respectively. These levels were, respectively, 2.14, 2.10, 4.09 and 1.73 fold higher than those in parent strain. Glucose (upto 20 mM) did not repress enzyme production by the mutant under submerged fermentation conditions. In vitro activity assay with partially purified cellulase showed lack of inhibition by glucose. Interestingly, the partially purified endoglucanase and beta-glucosidase were activated by 2.0 fold and 2.6 fold, respectively, by 20 mM and 30 mM ethanol in the assay mixture. Genetic distinction of the mutant was revealed by the presence of two unique amplicans in comparative DNA fingerprinting performed using 20 random primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Chandra
- Division of Field Laboratories and Organic Farming, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, UP, India
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Study of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for steam exploded wheat straw to ethanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-008-0069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen HZ, Xu J, Li ZH. Temperature cycling to improve the ethanol production with solid state simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683807010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Golias H, Dumsday GJ, Stanley GA, Pamment NB. Evaluation of a recombinant Klebsiella oxytoca strain for ethanol production from cellulose by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation: comparison with native cellobiose-utilising yeast strains and performance in co-culture with thermotolerant yeast and Zymomonas mobilis. J Biotechnol 2002; 96:155-68. [PMID: 12039532 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(02)00026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation to ethanol of 100 g l(-1) microcrystalline cellulose, the cellobiose-fermenting recombinant Klebsiella oxytoca P2 outperformed a range of cellobiose-fermenting yeasts used in earlier work, despite producing less ethanol than reported earlier for this organism under similar conditions. The time taken by K. oxytoca P2 to produce up to about 33 g l(-1) ethanol was much less than for any other organism investigated, including ethanol-tolerant strains of Saccharomyces pastorianus, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Zymomonas mobilis. Ultimately, it produced slightly less ethanol (maximum 36 g l(-1)) than these organisms, reflecting its lower ethanol tolerance. Significant advantages were obtained by co-culturing K. oxytoca P2 with S. pastorianus, K. marxianus or Z. mobilis, either isothermally, or in conjunction with temperature-profiling to raise the cellulase activity. Co-cultures produced significantly more ethanol, more rapidly, than either of the constituent strains in pure culture at the same inoculum density. K. oxytoca P2 dominated the early stages of the co-cultures, with ethanol production in the later stages due principally to the more ethanol tolerant strain. The usefulness of K. oxytoca P2 in cellulose simultaneous saccharification and fermentation should be improved by mutation of the strain to increase its ethanol tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Golias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Stenberg K, Galbe M, Zacchi G. The influence of lactic acid formation on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of softwood to ethanol. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(99)00127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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