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Yang Y, Chen Y, Cai Y, Xing S, Mi J, Liao X. The relationship between culturable doxycycline-resistant bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance gene hosts in pig farm wastewater treatment plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111164. [PMID: 32858327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pig farm wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are an important repository for resistant bacterial communities (RBCs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the relationship between RBCs and ARG hosts has not been well characterized. In this study, water samples from influent and effluent from five pig farm WWTPs were collected. Gradient concentrations of doxycycline (DOX) were used to screen the culturable RBCs. The abundance of 21 subtypes of ARGs and the bacterial community were investigated. This study detected a large number of culturable DOX-RBCs and ARGs in the influent and effluent of pig farm WWTPs. The abundances of ARGs and RBCs in all effluent samples was significantly lower than that in the influent samples (P < 0.05), which indicated that the WWTPs can effectively remove most ARGs and RBCs in pig farm wastewater. The main potential culturable RBCs in pig farm wastewater were the dominant bacteria Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Pseudomonas, and Rheinheimera. However, most of the ARGs were mainly present in Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Corynebacteriaceae, Macellibacteroides, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacteriaceae, which are considered potential ARG hosts. The results presented here showed that there were obvious differences between the species of culturable DOX-RBCs and ARG hosts in the pig farm WWTPs, which may be due to various environmental factors. This highlights the urgent need for further research on the relationship between RBCs and ARG hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingxi Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingfeng Cai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sicheng Xing
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Dib JR, Liebl W, Wagenknecht M, Farías ME, Meinhardt F. Extrachromosomal genetic elements in Micrococcus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:63-75. [PMID: 23138713 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Micrococci are Gram-positive G + C-rich, nonmotile, nonspore-forming actinomycetous bacteria. Micrococcus comprises ten members, with Micrococcus luteus being the type species. Representatives of the genus play important roles in the biodegradation of xenobiotics, bioremediation processes, production of biotechnologically important enzymes or bioactive compounds, as test strains in biological assays for lysozyme and antibiotics, and as infective agents in immunocompromised humans. The first description of plasmids dates back approximately 28 years, when several extrachromosomal elements ranging in size from 1.5 to 30.2 kb were found in Micrococcus luteus. Up to the present, a number of circular plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance, the ability to degrade aromatic compounds, and osmotolerance are known, as well as cryptic elements with unidentified functions. Here, we review the Micrococcus extrachromosomal traits reported thus far including phages and the only quite recently described large linear extrachromosomal genetic elements, termed linear plasmids, which range in size from 75 kb (pJD12) to 110 kb (pLMA1) and which confer putative advantageous capabilities, such as antibiotic or heavy metal resistances (inferred from sequence analyses and curing experiments). The role of the extrachromosomal elements for the frequently proven ecological and biotechnological versatility of the genus will be addressed as well as their potential for the development and use as genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Rafael Dib
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
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Sadhukhan PC, Ghosh S, Chaudhuri J, Ghosh DK, Mandal A. Mercury and organomercurial resistance in bacteria isolated from freshwater fish of wetland fisheries around Calcutta. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1997; 97:71-78. [PMID: 15093380 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(97)00068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/1996] [Accepted: 05/05/1997] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mercury-resistant bacteria belonging to the genera Bacillus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Sarcina, Shigella, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were isolated from gills and guts of fresh water fish collected from wetland fisheries around Calcutta, India, contaminated with mercury compounds. The total number of bacteria, as well as Hg-resistant bacteria, were always higher in guts than gills. Bottom-dwelling fish contained higher number of bacteria, including Hg-resistant bacteria, than surface and middle water dwelling fish. They belonged either to narrow-spectrum or to broad-spectrum Hg-resistant groups and they also possessed other heavy metal and antibiotic resistant properties. In the presence of toxic levels of HgCl(2), phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) and methylmercuric chloride (MMC), the lag in growth of the bacterial strains gradually increased with increasing concentration of Hg-compounds. Narrow-spectrum Hg-resistant bacterial strains volatilized only HgCl(2) from the liquid medium in the range of 64-89%, whereas the broad-spectrum group exhibited a high level of HgCl(2) (80-94%), PMA (72-84%) and MMC (64-80%) volatilizing capacity with inducible mercuric reductase and organomercurial lyase enzyme activities in their cell-free extracts. Cell-free extracts prepared from narrow-spectrum Hg-resistant bacterial strains induced by HgCl(2) exhibited Hg(+2)-dependent NADPH oxidation, indicating the presence of only mercuric reductase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Sadhukhan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Calcutta University, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta-700 019, India
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