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Wu X, Ibrahim N, Liang Y, Liu X. Screening and Genomic Analysis of Alkaloid-Producing Endophytic Fungus Fusarium solani Strain MC503 from Macleaya cordata. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1088. [PMID: 38930470 PMCID: PMC11206080 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The extensive harvesting of Macleaya cordata, as a biomedicinal plant and a wild source of quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, has led to a rapid decline in its population. An alternative approach to the production of these bioactive compounds, which are known for their diverse pharmacological effects, is needed. Production of these compounds using alkaloid-producing endophytic fungi is a promising potential approach. In this research, we isolated an alkaloid-producing endophytic fungus, strain MC503, from the roots of Macleaya cordata. Genomic analysis was conducted to elucidate its metabolic pathways and identify the potential genes responsible for alkaloid biosynthesis. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses revealed the presence and quantified the content of sanguinarine (536.87 μg/L) and chelerythrine (393.31 μg/L) in the fungal fermentation extract. Based on our analysis of the morphological and micromorphological characteristics and the ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA of the alkaloid-producing endophyte, it was identified as Fusarium solani strain MC503. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing report on Fusarium solani from Macleaya cordata or other medicinal plants that produce sanguinarine and chelerythrine simultaneously. These findings provide valuable insights into the capability of Fusarium solani to carry out isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis and lay the foundation for further exploration of its potential applications in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yili Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (N.I.)
| | - Xueduan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (N.I.)
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2
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Maione A, Imparato M, Buonanno A, Salvatore MM, Carraturo F, de Alteriis E, Guida M, Galdiero E. Evaluation of Potential Probiotic Properties and In Vivo Safety of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast Strains Isolated from Traditional Home-Made Kefir. Foods 2024; 13:1013. [PMID: 38611319 PMCID: PMC11011881 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are known for their health-promoting resources and are considered as beneficial microorganisms. The current study focuses on the isolation, and on a complete in vitro and in vivo characterization, of yeast and lactic acid bacteria acquired from traditional homemade kefir in order to assess their potentiality as probiotic candidates. In particular, the isolates Pichia kudriavzevii Y1, Lactococcus lactis subsp. hordniae LAB1 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LAB2 were subjected to in vitro characterization to evaluate their suitability as probiotics. Resistance to acid and bile salts, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, and biofilm production capability were examined, as well as their antioxidant activity. A safety assessment was also conducted to confirm the non-pathogenic nature of the isolates, with hemolysis assay and antibiotic resistance assessment. Moreover, mortality in the invertebrate model Galleria mellonella was evaluated. Current findings showed that P. kudriavzevii exhibited estimable probiotic properties, placing them as promising candidates for functional foods. Both lactic acid bacteria isolated in this work could be classified as potential probiotics with advantageous traits, including antimicrobial activity against enteric pathogens and good adhesion ability on intestinal cells. This study revealed that homemade kefir could be a beneficial origin of different probiotic microorganisms that may enhance health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Imparato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buonanno
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Federica Carraturo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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3
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Karačić S, Palmer B, Gee CT, Bierbaum G. Oxygen-dependent biofilm dynamics in leaf decay: an in vitro analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6728. [PMID: 38509138 PMCID: PMC10955112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are important in the natural process of plant tissue degradation. However, fundamental knowledge of biofilm community structure and succession on decaying leaves under different oxygen conditions is limited. Here, we used 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the composition, temporal dynamics, and community assembly processes of bacterial and fungal biofilms on decaying leaves in vitro. Leaves harvested from three plant species were immersed in lake water under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in vitro for three weeks. Biofilm-covered leaf samples were collected weekly and investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that community composition differed significantly between biofilm samples under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, though not among plant species. Over three weeks, a clear compositional shift of the bacterial and fungal biofilm communities was observed. The alpha diversity of prokaryotes increased over time in aerobic assays and decreased under anaerobic conditions. Oxygen availability and incubation time were found to be primary factors influencing the microbial diversity of biofilms on different decaying plant species in vitro. Null models suggest that stochastic processes governed the assembly of biofilm communities of decaying leaves in vitro in the early stages of biofilm formation and were further shaped by niche-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Karačić
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Brianne Palmer
- Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology, Division of Paleontology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carole T Gee
- Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology, Division of Paleontology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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4
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Shi L, Feng Y, Shi D. Two Cases of Superficial Fungal Infection Caused by Non-Albicans Candida Species Manifest Greenish-black Discoloration. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:665-672. [PMID: 38405052 PMCID: PMC10885819 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s438079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of superficial candidiasis varies depending on the infectious sites and causative Candida species that brings a great challenge to diagnose or treat without mycological or pathological evidence in clinical settings. Oral mucosal candidiasis and onychomycosis are most common types of superficial candidiasis. Typically, oral mucosal candidiasis manifests as white or erythematous thrush coated on the tongue and other interior oral cavity; and onychomycosis caused by Candida spp. presents with thick, fragile, or cracked fingernails or toenails in yellow or white discoloration. Here, we report one case of patient with a black hairy tongue caused by Candida tropicalis and one case of greenish discolored onychomycosis caused by Candida parapsilosis. The cases of superficial candidiasis with the same discolored lesions were searched in literature and compared with our cases in clinical manifestation, causative pathogen and treatment. These cases highlight the importance of mycological diagnosis for identifying non-Candida albicans Candida species (NCAC) in superficial infections to guide an effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Feng
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Peng Y, Guo Z, Wang H, Wei T, Shakir Y, Jiang G, Deng Y. Microbiome in a ground-based analog cabin of China Space Station during a 50-day human occupation. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae013. [PMID: 38495633 PMCID: PMC10942772 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Dead-corner areas in space station that untouched by the clean-up campaign often experience microorganisms outbreaks, but the microbiome of these areas has never been studied. In this study, the microbiome in a ground-based analog ``Tianhe'' core module of China Space Station was first investigated during a 50-day three-crew occupation. Dead-corner areas were receiving attention by adopting a new sampling method. Results indicate that the astronauts occupation did not affect the dominant bacteria community, but affected a small proportion. Due to the frequent activity of astronauts in the work and sleep areas, the biomarkers in these two areas are common human skin surface and gut microorganisms, respectively. For areas that astronaut rarely visits, the biomarkers in which are common environmental microbial groups. Fluorescence counting showed that 70.12-84.78% of bacteria were alive, with a quantity of 104-105 cells/100 cm2. With the occupation time extension, the number of microorganisms increased. At the same sampling time, there was no significant bioburden difference in various locations. The cultivable bioburden ranged from 101 to 104 colony forming unit (CFU)/100 cm2, which are the following eight genera Penicillium, Microsphaeropsis, Stachybotrys, Humicola, Cladosporium, Bacillus, Planomicrobium, and Acinetobacter. Chryseomicrobium genus may be a key focus for future microbial prevention and control work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhidong Li
- Office of International Business and Technology Application, Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zimu Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yasmeen Shakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Guohua Jiang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Hernández-Castro R, Arenas R, Sandoval-Tress C, Gutiérrez-Murillo F, Martínez-Chavarría LC, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Fida M, Martinez-Herrera E. From Child to Old Man: A Slowly Evolving Case of Chromoblastomycosis Caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1713. [PMID: 38136747 PMCID: PMC10741158 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic granulomatous mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by traumatic inoculation with dematiaceous fungi. This disease primarily affects agricultural workers, who are mostly men. We present a case of chromoblastomycosis in a 63-year-old male farmer patient with dermatosis over 50 years of evolution, with warty, erythematous, and scaly plaques that predominate on the left hemithorax. Direct examination with potassium hydroxide (KOH) revealed numerous fumagoid cells. Amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1a) gene revealed that chromoblastomycosis was caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides. The chromoblastomycosis was treated with itraconazole and fluconazole without any improvement, and amphotericin B was administered with partial improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
- Dermatology Department, Hospital do Vithas, 36206 Vigo, Spain
- European Women’s Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, 36700 Tui, Spain;
- Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires C1091, Argentina
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología y Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Arenas
- Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
- European Women’s Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, 36700 Tui, Spain;
- Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires C1091, Argentina
- Sección de Micología, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Sandoval-Tress
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital General de Zona # 42 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puerto Vallarta 48310, Mexico;
| | | | - Luary Carolina Martínez-Chavarría
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico;
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Dr. Federico Gómez, Cuauhtémoc 06720, Mexico;
| | - Monika Fida
- European Women’s Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, 36700 Tui, Spain;
- Dermatology Department, Medical University of Tirana, U.M.T., 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Erick Martinez-Herrera
- Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
- European Women’s Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, 36700 Tui, Spain;
- Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires C1091, Argentina
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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7
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Hajek AE, Everest TA, Clifton EH. Accumulation of Fungal Pathogens Infecting the Invasive Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula. INSECTS 2023; 14:912. [PMID: 38132586 PMCID: PMC10871119 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the eastern United States, populations of the invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, are abundant and spreading. Four species of naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi have previously been reported as infecting these planthoppers, with two of these causing epizootics. Nymphal- and adult-stage lanternflies in Pennsylvania and New York were surveyed for entomopathogenic fungal infections from October 2021 to November 2023, and assays were conducted to confirm the pathogenicity of species that were potentially pathogenic. Beauveria bassiana was the most abundant pathogen, but we report an additional 15 previously unreported species of entomopathogenic fungi infecting spotted lanternflies, all in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota). The next most common pathogens were Fusarium fujikuroi and Sarocladium strictum. While infection prevalence by species was often low, probably impacted to some extent by the summer drought in 2022, together these pathogens caused a total of 6.7% mortality. A significant trend was evident over time within a season, with low levels of infection among nymphs and higher infection levels in mid- and late-stage adults, the stages when mating and oviposition occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (T.A.E.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Thomas A. Everest
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (T.A.E.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Eric H. Clifton
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (T.A.E.); (E.H.C.)
- Research & Development, BioWorks Inc., Victor, NY 14564, USA
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8
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Osorio-Aragón IY, Toussaint-Caire S, Guzmán-Bucio S, Barbosa-Ramírez BM, Vázquez-Aceituno VA, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Hernández-Castro R. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis due to Rhizopus arrhizus in an immunosuppressed patient with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Trop Med Int Health 2023. [PMID: 37230484 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present a case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a patient with bone marrow failure secondary to paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). CLINICAL CASE A 60-year-old male patient with a history of PNH, complicated to a severe aplastic anaemia, presented to the emergency department complaining of papules on the lower limbs that rapidly turned into necrotic plaques within 2 months. Histopathological examination showed granulomatous and suppurative dermatitis with tissue necrosis and the presence of non-septate hyphae. Molecular identification was achieved by amplification and sequencing of the 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S rRNA region using the polymerase chain reaction. The sequence showed 100% identity with Rhizopus arrhizus. The patient received treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and surgical debridement. Nonetheless, the patient suffered from severe low red blood cells and platelets and also underwent septic shock; he died 6 days after admission to the hospital. CONCLUSION Mucormycosis in the setting of immunosuppression is challenging. Upon suspicion of a diagnosis, immediate treatment is required. Adjunctive therapies may be considered; however, the case fatality rate remains high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Toussaint-Caire
- Departmento de Dermatología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Simón Guzmán-Bucio
- Departmento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Médica Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor A Vázquez-Aceituno
- Departmento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Dr. Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departmento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Wang ZL, Wang YD, Cheng YQ, Ye ZH, Liu GF, Yu XP. Characterization and transcriptomic analysis of a native fungal pathogen against the rice pest Nilaparvata lugens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1162113. [PMID: 37275152 PMCID: PMC10232905 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1162113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the most destructive pests of rice. Given the threats posed by insecticide resistance to its control, eco-friendly strategies based on microbial pathogens emerged as a promising biocontrol alternative. In the present study, we isolated a native fungal pathogen against BPH from infected BPH cadavers and preliminarily identified as a strain of Aspergillus fumigatus based on morphological and molecular methods. Laboratory bioassay revealed that this fungal strain was highly virulent to BPH both at nymphal and adult stages, with the median lethal times (LT50) of 7.5 and 5.8 days under high conidial concentration of 1 × 109 conidia mL-1. A genome-wide view of gene expressions in BPH against fungal attack was analyzed by transcriptomic sequencing and consequently a large number of differentially expressed genes that mainly involved in host immune defense and cell detoxification were found. RNAi-mediated knockdown of an upregulated gene encoding a serine protease (NlSPN) could cause a significant decrease in BPH survival. Combination of dsRNA injection and fungal infection showed an additive effect on BPH mortality, which provided clues to develop new pest management strategies against BPH.
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Gorai PS, Ghosh R, Ghosh S, Samanta S, Sen A, Panja S, Gond SK, Mandal NC. Management of Black Root Disease-Causing Fungus Fusarium solani CRP1 by Endophytic Bacillus siamensis CNE6 through Its Metabolites and Activation of Plant Defense Genes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0308222. [PMID: 36744908 PMCID: PMC10101116 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03082-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Black root rot disease of Cicer arietinum L. is accountable for substantial loss in chickpea production worldwide. Endophytic Bacillus siamensis CNE6 has previously shown multifaceted plant growth-promoting, broad-spectrum antifungal, and chickpea plant-colonizing potential. In the present study, the strain Bacillus siamensis CNE6 was used for controlling black root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani CRP1 in chickpea. CNE6 showed strong antagonistic potential against CRP1 both in vivo and in vitro. Scanning electron microscopic studies indicated cellular deformation of CRP1 due to production of β-glucanase, protease, and other secondary metabolites. A total of five compounds were detected from the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of CNE6 through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. A confocal microscopic study demonstrated strong inhibition of biofilm formation of the pathogen CRP1 by the EA fraction of CFS of CNE6. Molecular docking analysis revealed that one compound, (2E)-6-methoxy-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-one, may inhibit the activity of lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase, which is involved in ergosterol biosynthesis and beta-tubulin assembling. In vivo experiments also showed the efficacy of CNE6 for increasing chickpea growth as well as upregulation of four defense genes (CHI1, PAMP, PR2B, and TF1082) upon pathogenic challenge. Thus, our results strongly suggest a positive role for CNE6 as a prospective biocontrol agent for combating Fusarium solani in chickpea. IMPORTANCE The present work was undertaken to explore an effective biocontrol agent against the destructive black root rot disease of chickpea. We have used an efficient bacterial endophyte, CNE6, which can colonize in the chickpea root system, produce secondary metabolites and enzymes to degrade pathogenic cellular integrity, inhibit pathogenic establishment by rupturing biofilm formation, and induce host immunity upon treatment. Interaction of the bacterial metabolite was also observed with lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase, which is an important component in fungal membrane functioning. Being an endophyte, Bacillus siamensis CNE6 fulfills a suitable criterion as a biocontrol agent to control black root rot disease in chickpea and has huge prospects for use commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pralay Shankar Gorai
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | - Ranjan Ghosh
- Department of Botany, Bankura Sammilani College, Bankura, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Smriti Samanta
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | - Animesh Sen
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Suraj Panja
- Rice Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | | | - Narayan Chandra Mandal
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
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11
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Salvatore MM, Carraturo F, Salbitani G, Rosati L, De Risi A, Andolfi A, Salvatore F, Guida M, Carfagna S. Biological and metabolic effects of the association between the microalga Galdieria sulphuraria and the fungus Penicillium citrinum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1789. [PMID: 36720953 PMCID: PMC9889788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of microalgae cultures can reduce their productivity and affect the quality of biomass and valuable bioproducts. In this article, after having isolated and identified for the first time the filamentous fungus Penicillium citrinum from heterotrophic cultures of the red polyextremophilic microalga Galdieria sulphuraria, we investigated the biological and metabolic significance of this alga-fungus association. In the same medium, both organisms grow better in each other's presence than separately. Both cell density and cell size of G. sulphuraria increase in co-cultures compared to pure alga cultures. In co-cultures, despite very severe growth conditions, the load of P. citrinum increases compared to pure fungus cultures. Optical microscope images have shown physical contact between cells of P. citrinum hyphae and G. sulphuraria which, however, retain their morphology and cell wall intact. GC-MS-based metabolomics analysis of metabolites excreted in the culture medium shows that pure cultures of the fungus and alga and co-cultures of alga plus fungus can be easily differentiated based on their metabolic products. Indeed, a richer assortment of extracellular metabolites (comprising both products of primary and secondary metabolism) is a distinct feature of co-cultures compared to both pure alga and pure fungus cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Michela Salvatore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Federica Carraturo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Hygiene Laboratory, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), University of Naples Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146, Napoli, NA, Italy.
| | | | - Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna De Risi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Andolfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Hygiene Laboratory, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), University of Naples Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Simona Carfagna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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12
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Lian J, Han H, Chen X, Chen Q, Zhao J, Li C. Stemphylium lycopersici Nep1-like Protein (NLP) Is a Key Virulence Factor in Tomato Gray Leaf Spot Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050518. [PMID: 35628773 PMCID: PMC9144795 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus Stemphylium lycopersici (S. lycopersici) is an economically important plant pathogen that causes grey leaf spot disease in tomato. However, functional genomic studies in S. lycopersici are lacking, and the factors influencing its pathogenicity remain largely unknown. Here, we present the first example of genetic transformation and targeted gene replacement in S. lycopersici. We functionally analyzed the NLP gene, which encodes a necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like protein (NLP). We found that targeted disruption of the NLP gene in S. lycopersici significantly compromised its virulence on tomato. Moreover, our data suggest that NLP affects S. lycopersici conidiospore production and weakly affects its adaptation to osmotic and oxidative stress. Interestingly, we found that NLP suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tomato leaves during S. lycopersici infection. Further, expressing the fungal NLP in tomato resulted in constitutive transcription of immune-responsive genes and inhibited plant growth. Through gene manipulation, we demonstrated the function of NLP in S. lycopersici virulence and development. Our work provides a paradigm for functional genomics studies in a non-model fungal pathogen system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (J.L.); (H.H.); (X.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Hongyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (J.L.); (H.H.); (X.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Xizhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (J.L.); (H.H.); (X.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (J.L.); (H.H.); (X.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Jiuhai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chuanyou Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (C.L.)
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13
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Fungal Invasive Co-Infection Due to Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus arrhizus: A Rhino-Orbital Presentation. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121096. [PMID: 34947078 PMCID: PMC8704653 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis and mucormycosis are filamentous fungal infections occurring predominantly in immunocompromised patients. Fulminant process with rapid infiltration of the contiguous tissue is distinctive for both type of fungi. The rhinocerebral co-infection by Aspergillus and Mucorales is very rare and is usually associated in immunocompromised patients with a high mortality rate. This rare co-infection leads to difficulties in diagnosis, and therapeutic delays can result in a poor prognosis. Overall, the treatment of choice is surgical debridement and liposomal amphotericin B. This paper describes a combined aspergillosis and mucormycosis case in a diabetes mellitus type 2 patient with chronic ulcerations of the palatal and cheek. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an uncommon co-infection of Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus arrhizus in a rhino-orbital presentation.
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14
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Yang X, Song Y, Liang T, Wang Q, Li R, Liu W. Application of laser capture microdissection and PCR sequencing in the diagnosis of Coccidioides spp. infection: A case report and literature review in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:331-341. [PMID: 33576325 PMCID: PMC7919914 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1889931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis is endemic to California, Arizona, and Mexico. In recent years, the reported cases of coccidioidomycosis have increased in nonendemic regions. Here, we reported a case of imported pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in a Chinese patient. A 63-year-old man presented with dry cough and fatigue for 6 months, and a computed tomography scan revealed a solitary nodule in the right lower lung and small nodules in both lungs. The diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis was initially confirmed by histopathologic examination. The pathogen Coccidioides spp. was identified by laser capture microdissection (LCM) combined with subsequent molecular techniques based on the positive histopathologic features. Additionally, we reviewed 47 reported cases of coccidioidomycosis in China. The number of reported cases is increasing, and the incidence of disseminated infection has exhibited a trend of shifting towards healthy young adults in China. Since clinical presentations and imaging findings lack specificity, a majority of domestic cases of coccidioidomycosis were initially misdiagnosed as tumours or tuberculosis. Moreover, the diagnosis of endemic mycoses may be challenging because of their rarity and the limited availability of diagnostic tests. The diagnosis was mainly confirmed by histopathological examination. The species involved were identified based on positive cultures in only 4 cases. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use LCM and molecular techniques to identify Coccidioides spp. in the histopathologically positive but uncultivable specimen. Comparing with previous reported studies, LCM combined with nucleic acid amplification techniques improve the ability of species identification for the timely diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinggai Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - TianYu Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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15
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León-Lara X, Atoche C, Arenas R, Martínez-Hernández F, Martínez-Chavarría LC, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Vázquez-Aceituno VA, Hernández-Castro R. Cyphellophora laciniata: A new etiological agent of chromoblastomycosis. J Mycol Med 2021; 32:101204. [PMID: 34598111 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis caused by traumatic inoculation of dematiaceous fungi especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Cyphellophora genus include melanized fungi reported as etiological agents of skin and nail infections. We report a 60-year-old male from the south of Mexico with a 40-year history of chromoblastomycosis caused by Cyphellophora laciniata. The isolated fungus was identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA. The patient was treated with itraconazole and cryosurgery with unsatisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena León-Lara
- Sección de Micología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Atoche
- Laboratorio de Micología, Centro Dermatológico "Dr. Fernando Latapi", Yucatán 97000, México
| | - Roberto Arenas
- Sección de Micología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fernando Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos. Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Tlalpan 14080. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luary C Martínez-Chavarría
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Dr. Federico Gómez", Cuauhtémoc 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Víctor A Vázquez-Aceituno
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos. Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Tlalpan 14080. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos. Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Tlalpan 14080. Ciudad de México, México.
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16
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Campos-Macias P, Arenas R, Aquino CJ, Romero-Navarrete M, Martínez-Hernández F, Martínez-Chavarría LC, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Hernández-Castro R. Chromoblastomycosis caused by Fonsecaea monophora in Mexico. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101114. [PMID: 33684836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous fungal infection caused by melanized fungi. It is usually an occupational mycosis affecting people in rural areas in tropical and subtropical regions. We present two cases of chromoblastomycosis in Mexican farmers, characterized by skin verrucous plaques. Direct examination with KOH 10% showed the presence of muriform cells. The fungal isolation was carried out in Sabouraud dextrose agar and molecular identification was achieved by 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Fonsecaeamonophora was identified in both cases. A therapy with itraconazole and terbinafine was used with a partial favorable response. However, patients did not return for medical examination after 4 months. The current status of the patients is unknown. We reported the first two cases of chromoblastomycosis caused by F. monophora in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Campos-Macias
- Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Aranda de la Parra, Universidad de Guanajuato, 37000 León, Guanajuato. Mexico
| | - Roberto Arenas
- Servicio de Micología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", 14080 Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Caren J Aquino
- Centro Dermatológico del Sureste "Dr. Fernando Latapí", 29000 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. Mexico
| | | | - Fernando Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos. Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", 14080 Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luary C Martínez-Chavarría
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Dr. Federico Gómez", 06720 Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos. Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", 14080 Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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17
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Uscamayta MG, Martin-Onraet A, Espinosa-Bautista K, Herrera-Goepfert R, Hernández-Castro R, Perez-Jimenez C. Portal Dissemination of Fusarium graminearum in a Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Febrile Neutropenia. Infect Dis Rep 2021; 13:11-17. [PMID: 33401374 PMCID: PMC7838889 DOI: 10.3390/idr13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and prolonged profound neutropenia, who developed an invasive infection by Fusarium graminearum, acquired via non-cutaneous entry, with gastrointestinal symptoms, sigmoid perforation and liver abscesses due to portal dissemination. The etiologic agent was identified using the 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S rRNA sequence gene, from a liver biopsy. The infection was resolved with surgical drainage and antifungal treatment based on voriconazole. As far as we know, there are no previous reports in the literature of cases of human infection due to Fusarium graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gabriela Uscamayta
- Infectious Disease Department, National Institute of Cancer, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.G.U.); (A.M.-O.)
| | - Alexandra Martin-Onraet
- Infectious Disease Department, National Institute of Cancer, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.G.U.); (A.M.-O.)
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Perez-Jimenez
- Infectious Disease Department, National Institute of Cancer, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.G.U.); (A.M.-O.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Cherni Y, Botta C, Kasmi M, Franciosa I, Cocolin L, Chatti A, Trabelsi I, Elleuch L. Mixed culture of Lactococcus lactis and Kluyveromyces marxianus isolated from kefir grains for pollutants load removal from Jebel Chakir leachate. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:2041-2048. [PMID: 32449943 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater from the dumping site usually contains high pollutant levels. Biological process and physico-chemical treatments are among several technologies for wastewater treatment. Using microorganisms in the treatment of landfill leachate is an emerging research issue. Furthermore, bioremediation is a feasible approach for pollutants removal from landfill leachate which would provide an efficient way to resolve the issue of landfill leachate. In this study, the performance of yeast and bacteria isolated from kefir grains was assessed for landfill leachate treatment. Kefir grains microbial composition was evaluated by molecular approaches (Rep-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing). The obtained outcomes denoted that high concentrations of lactic acid bacteria and yeast populations (over 107 CFU/ml) were found in the kefir grains and were essentially composed of Lactococcus lactis, Lactobaccillus kefirien, bacillus sp., L. lactis, and Kluyveromyces marxianus. The co-culture with 1% of inoculum size was demonstrated as the most efficient in the degradation of different contaminants. The overall abatement rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen ( NH 4 + - N ), and salinity were 75.8%, 85.9%, and 75.13%, respectively. The bioremediation process resulted in up of 75% removal efficiency of Ni and Cd, and a 73.45%, 68.53%, and a 58.17% removal rates of Cu, Pb, and Fe, respectively. The research findings indicate the performance of L. lactis and K. marxianus co-culture isolated from kefir grains for the bioremediation of LFL. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Isolation and identification of microorganisms from kefir grains was carried out. Biological treatment of LFL using monoculture of (Lactoccocus lactis; Kluyveromyces marxianus) and co-culture (5% of L. lactis and 5% K. marxianus) has been performed. Biological treatment using co-culture strain is an effective approach to remove organic matter, NH 4 + - N and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Cherni
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Water Researches and Technologies Center (CERTE), University of Carthage, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Cristian Botta
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariam Kasmi
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Water Researches and Technologies Center (CERTE), University of Carthage, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Irene Franciosa
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Abdelwaheb Chatti
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Water Researches and Technologies Center (CERTE), University of Carthage, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Water Researches and Technologies Center (CERTE), University of Carthage, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Elleuch
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Water Researches and Technologies Center (CERTE), University of Carthage, Nabeul, Tunisia
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19
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Elleuch L, Salem-Berrabah OB, Cherni Y, Sghaier-Hammami B, Kasmi M, Botta C, Ouerghi I, Franciosa I, Cocolin L, Trabelsi I, Chatti A. A new practical approach for the biological treatment of a mixture of cheese whey and white wastewaters using Kefir grains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:33127-33139. [PMID: 32529610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kefir grains are a microbial consortium of different genera of bacteria and yeasts. In this study, the performance of Tunisian Kefir grains during the biological treatment of a mixture of Gouda cheese whey and white wastewaters (GCW) in ratio 1:1 with very high organic matter concentration is investigated. The biological process was evaluated and optimized through the response surface methodology. Under the optimum conditions, Kefir grains concentration of 1.02%, temperature at 36.68 °C, and incubation time of 5.14 days, the removal efficiencies of COD, PO43-, and NO3- were 87, 37.48, and 39.5%, respectively. Interestingly, the reusability tests of the grains proved not only their high resistance to harsh environmental conditions but also their great potential for more practical applications. Particularly, different strains were isolated from the grains and identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus, Lactoccocus lactis, Lactobacillus kefiri, and Bacillus spp. using 16S rDNA sequence analysis and rep-PCR fingerprinting. At the biological level, the raw GCW (RGCW) has a negative impact on the Hordeum vulgare both on seed germination, and on the growth parameters of seedlings. Interestingly, after Kefir grains treatment, the treated GCW (TGCW) allow a seedlings growth and germination rate similar to those soaked in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Elleuch
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects, Water Researches and Technologies Center, Borj-Cedria Technopark, University of Carthage, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia.
| | - Olfa Ben Salem-Berrabah
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technologies, Higher Institute of Sciences and Technology of Environment, University of Carthage, 2050, Borj-Cedria, Tunisia
- Department of Process Engineering, General Directorate of Technological Studies, Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Zaghouan, Mogren, 1121, Zaghouan, Tunisia
| | - Yasmin Cherni
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects, Water Researches and Technologies Center, Borj-Cedria Technopark, University of Carthage, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Besma Sghaier-Hammami
- Laboratoire des plantes extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mariam Kasmi
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects, Water Researches and Technologies Center, Borj-Cedria Technopark, University of Carthage, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Cristian Botta
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ikram Ouerghi
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects, Water Researches and Technologies Center, Borj-Cedria Technopark, University of Carthage, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Irene Franciosa
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ismail Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects, Water Researches and Technologies Center, Borj-Cedria Technopark, University of Carthage, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Abdelwaheb Chatti
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects, Water Researches and Technologies Center, Borj-Cedria Technopark, University of Carthage, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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20
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Messaritakis I, Vogiatzoglou K, Tsantaki K, Ntretaki A, Sfakianaki M, Koulouridi A, Tsiaoussis J, Mavroudis D, Souglakos J. The Prognostic Value of the Detection of Microbial Translocation in the Blood of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1058. [PMID: 32344707 PMCID: PMC7226464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been associated with various diseases and is of major health importance. Dysbiosis leads to microbial translocation, which is the passage of microorganisms, their fragments, or their metabolites from the intestinal lumen into the blood circulation and other sites. The aim of the study was to determine whether microbial translocation occurs in stage II/III-IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim was also to evaluate the usefulness of blood PCR for diagnosis of such translocation and correlate the presence of toll-like receptor/vitamin D receptor (TLR/VDR) gene polymorphisms with microbial DNA fragments detected in the blood of CRC patients. Three hundred and ninety-seven CRC patients enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood DNA was analyzed using PCR for the amplification of genomic DNA encoding 16S rRNA, the β-galactosidase gene of Escherichia coli, glutamine synthase gene of Bacteroides fragilis, and 5.8S rRNA of Candida albicans. Significantly higher rates of all microbial fragments, but E. coli, detected were observed in the CRC patients (p < 0.001); such detection of all four microbial fragments was also significantly associated with the metastatic disease (p < 0.001), leading to shorter survival rates (p < 0.001). Tumor location in the right colon also significantly correlated with shorter survival (p = 0.016). Individuals with homozygous mutant alleles of TLR/VDR polymorphisms had significantly higher detection rates of microbial DNA fragments. The detection of microbial DNA fragments in CRC patients highlighted the role of these microbes in cancer development, progression, and patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippokratis Messaritakis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.V.); (K.T.); (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Konstantinos Vogiatzoglou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.V.); (K.T.); (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Konstantina Tsantaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.V.); (K.T.); (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Agapi Ntretaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.V.); (K.T.); (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Maria Sfakianaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.V.); (K.T.); (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Asimina Koulouridi
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.V.); (K.T.); (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.V.); (K.T.); (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Souglakos
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.V.); (K.T.); (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Hart RS, Jolly NP, Ndimba BK. Characterisation of hybrid yeasts for the production of varietal Sauvignon blanc wine – A review. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 165:105699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Feline Phaeohyphomycotic Cerebellitis Caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides-complex: Case Report and Review of Literature. J Comp Pathol 2019; 170:78-85. [PMID: 31375163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in an 8-year-old neutered male domestic cat. Gross lesions were limited to the cerebellum, which had a focally extensive dark brown-black, soft, irregular area affecting the cortex and white matter of the left hemisphere and extending to the reticular formation. Microscopically, multifocal pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional pigmented fungal hyphae effaced the cerebellar grey and white matter. Fungal hyphae were 3-6 μm in diameter, septate and non-dichotomously branched, with parallel, thin and slightly bulbous walls. Polymerase chain reaction for the internal transcribed spacer 1-2 ribosomal RNA genes was performed on tissue samples from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of cerebellum. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified fragment identified the fungal agent as Cladosporium cladosporioides. This is the first confirmed report of cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis attributable to C. cladosporioides-complex in a domestic cat.
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Chopade LR, Paradeshi JS, Amrutkar KP, Chaudhari BL. Finding out potent probiotic cultures from ayurvedic formulation Takrarishta through in-vitro probiotic characterization and principal component analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Dynamics and Biodiversity of Bacterial and Yeast Communities during Fermentation of Cocoa Beans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01164-18. [PMID: 30054357 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01164-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Forastero hybrid cocoa bean fermentations have been carried out in a box (B) and in a heap (H), with or without the inoculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii as starter cultures. The bacteria, yeasts, and microbial metabolites (volatile and nonvolatile organic compounds) were monitored during fermentation to assess the connection between microbiota and the release of metabolites during this process. The presence of starter cultures was detected, by means of culture-dependent analysis, during the first 2 days of both fermentations. However, no statistical difference was observed in any of the physicochemical or microbiological analyses. Plate counts revealed the dominance of yeasts at the beginning of both fermentations, and these were followed by acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Hanseniaspora opuntiae, S. cerevisiae, Pichia pijperi, Acetobacter pasteurianus, and Lactobacillus fermentum were the most abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) during both fermentation processes (B and H), although different relative abundances were observed. Only the diversity of the fungal species indicated a higher level of complexity in the B fermentations than in the H fermentations (P < 0.05), as well as a statistically significant difference between the initially inoculated starter cultures (P < 0.01). However, the microbial metabolite analysis indicated different distributions of the volatile and nonvolatile compounds between the two procedures, that is, B and H (P < 0.05), rather than between the inoculated and noninoculated fermentations. The box fermentations showed faster carbohydrate metabolism and greater production of organic acid compounds, which boosted the formation of alcohols and esters, than did the heap fermentations. Overall, the microbial dynamics and associations between the bacteria, yeasts, and metabolites were found to depend on the type of fermentation.IMPORTANCE In spite of the limited effectiveness of the considered inoculated starter strains, this study provides new information on the microbial development of box and heap cocoa fermentations, under inoculated and noninoculated conditions, as we coupled yeast/bacterial amplicon-based sequencing data with microbial metabolite detection. The information so far available suggests that microbial communities have played an important role in the evolution of aroma compounds. Understanding the pathways that microorganisms follow during the formation of aromas could be used to improve the fermentation processes and to enhance chocolate quality.
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Romero-Navarrete M, Ruíz LF, Castillo A, Arenas R, Vega-Memije ME, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Espinoza-Rivera M, Hernández-Castro R. An impressive case of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi in a patient with a long history of fungal infection. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:663-665. [PMID: 30126716 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is defined as a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infection caused by melanized or brown-pigmented fungi. A 63-year-old man farmer showed on external and internal part of the right arm, a well-delimited verrucous and hyperkeratotic plaque, with atrophic and cicatricial areas. Direct examination of skin scrapings samples showed the presence of muriform cells, a classic feature of chromoblastomycosis. Fungal isolation was performed in Sabouraud dextrose agar, and dark olivaceous colonies were isolated. Skin biopsy samples were obtained for histopathological and molecular diagnosis. DNA extracted from both, paraffin-embedded skin biopsy samples and fungal colonies, was used for molecular identification by 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Fonsecaea pedrosoi was identified from paraffin-embedded skin samples and fungal colonies. A combined therapy with terbinafine and itraconazole, plus cryotherapy was applied with an important improvement. Herein, we report an impressive case of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi with a successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Romero-Navarrete
- Hospital General-de-Acapulco, Secretaria de Salud, 39670 Guerrero, Mexico
| | - L F Ruíz
- Servicio de Dermatopatología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - A Castillo
- Hospital General-de-Acapulco, Secretaria de Salud, 39670 Guerrero, Mexico
| | - R Arenas
- Servicio de Micología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - M E Vega-Memije
- Servicio de Dermatopatología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - J Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Dr. Federico Gómez, 06720 Cuauhtémoc, Mexico
| | - M Espinoza-Rivera
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - R Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico.
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Torres-Guerrero E, Arenas R, Castro RH. Chromoblastomycosis due to Cladosporium langeronii. Molecular diagnosis of an agent previously diagnosed as Fonsecaea pedrosoi. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:475-476. [PMID: 29924243 PMCID: PMC6001112 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Arenas
- Mycology Service - Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea González",
Ciudad del Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández Castro
- Research Department, Ecology of Pathogen Agents Sector - Hospital
"Dr. Manuel Gea González", Ciudad del Mexico, Mexico
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27
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Primary Cutaneous Mucormycosis Caused by Rhizopus oryzae: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Mycopathologia 2016; 182:387-392. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Mallick P, Sikdar SR. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of rRNA-ITS region of somatic hybrids produced between Pleurotus florida and Lentinula edodes. ANN MICROBIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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29
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Inactivation of fungal contaminants on Korean traditional cashbox by gamma irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, Carrillo-Casas EM, Arenas R, García-Méndez JO, Toussaint S, Moreno-Morales ME, Schcolnik-Cabrera AA, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Hernández-Castro R. Mucormycosis in a Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patient Caused by Syncephalastrum racemosum: Case Report and Review of Literature. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:89-93. [PMID: 25736172 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection caused by saprophytic zygomycetes. These fungal infections are caused by members of the mucorales. The clinical importance of zygomycosis, an emerging and frequently fatal mycotic disease, has increased during recent years, due to several risk factors such as (a) the use of broad-spectrum antibiotic, (b) use of empirical antifungal treatment (mainly triazoles), and (c) aggressive chemotherapy and sustained leucopenia (i.e., peripheral stem cell transplantation). An almost fulminant pneumonia caused by Syncephalastrum racemosum in an immunocompromised patient with an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is described. Despite treatment with amphotericin B, deoxycholate, caspofungin, and surgical resection of fungal bodies from both lungs, and survival of 10 months without relapsing from fungal infection, the patient died due to hematological complications from an unresponsive disease. Herein is the description of the first case of pulmonary infection caused by Syncephalastrum racemosum.
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Abstract
The mycobiome, referring primarily to the fungal biota in an environment, is an important component of the human microbiome. Despite its importance, it has remained understudied. New culture-independent approaches to determine microbial diversity, such as next-generation sequencing methods, are greatly broadening our view of fungal importance. An integrative analysis of current studies shows that different body sites harbor specific fungal populations, and that diverse mycobiome patterns are associated with various diseases. By interfacing with other biomes, as well as with the host, the mycobiome probably contributes to the progression of fungus-associated diseases and plays an important role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Cui
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Abstract
The mycobiome, referring primarily to the fungal biota in an environment, is an important component of the human microbiome. Despite its importance, it has remained understudied. New culture-independent approaches to determine microbial diversity, such as next-generation sequencing methods, are greatly broadening our view of fungal importance. An integrative analysis of current studies shows that different body sites harbor specific fungal populations, and that diverse mycobiome patterns are associated with various diseases. By interfacing with other biomes, as well as with the host, the mycobiome probably contributes to the progression of fungus-associated diseases and plays an important role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Cui
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA ; Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Zhao L, Meng K, Bai Y, Shi P, Huang H, Luo H, Wang Y, Yang P, Song W, Yao B. Two family 11 xylanases from Achaetomium sp. Xz-8 with high catalytic efficiency and application potentials in the brewing industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6880-6889. [PMID: 23790084 DOI: 10.1021/jf4001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study identified two family-11 xylanase genes (xynC81 and xynC83) in Achaetomium sp. Xz-8, a thermophilic strain from a desert area with substantial xylanase activity, and successfully expressed them in Pichia pastoris . Their deduced amino acid sequences showed the highest identity of ≤90% to known fungal xylanases and of ≤62% with each other. The purified recombinant xylanases showed optimal activities at pH 5.5 and 60-65 °C and exhibited stability over pH 5.0-10.0 and temperatures at 55 °C and below. XynC81 had high catalytic efficiency (6082 mL/s/mg), and XynC83 was favorable for xylooligosaccharide production. Under simulated mashing conditions, combination of XynC83 and a commercial β-glucanase improved the filtration rate by 34.76%, which is much better than that of Novozymes Ultraflo (20.71%). XynC81 and XynC83 had a synergistic effect on viscosity reduction (7.08%), which is comparable with that of Ultraflo (8.47%). Thus, XynC81 and XynC83 represent good candidates for application in the brewing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Song J, Gu J, Zhai Y, Wu W, Wang H, Ruan Z, Shi Y, Yan Y. Biodegradation of nicosulfuron by a Talaromyces flavus LZM1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 140:243-248. [PMID: 23707911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fungal strain LZM1 was isolated from activated sludge and found to be capable of utilizing nicosulfuron as the sole nitrogen source for growth. Based on morphological and internal transcribed spacer evaluations, LZM1 was identified as a Talaromyces flavus strain. Under optimum conditions (pH 6.1, 29°C), T. flavus LZM1 degraded 100% of the initially added nicosulfuron (100 mg L(-1)) within 5d. T. flavus LZM1 was also found to be highly efficient in degrading tribenuron methyl, chlorsulfuron, bensulfuron methyl, ethametsulfuron methyl, cinosulfuron, and rimsulfuron. Metabolites from nicosulfuron degradation were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and a possible degradation pathway was deduced. These results show that T. flavus LZM1 may possess potential to be used in bioremediation of nicosulfuron-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Song
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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35
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Gamma irradiation of cultural artifacts for disinfection using Monte Carlo simulations. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:2564-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Bhagat J, Kaur A, Sharma M, Saxena AK, Chadha BS. Molecular and functional characterization of endophytic fungi from traditional medicinal plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:963-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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37
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Alper I, Frenette M, Labrie S. Ribosomal DNA polymorphisms in the yeast Geotrichum candidum. Fungal Biol 2011; 115:1259-69. [PMID: 22115445 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The dimorphic yeast Geotrichum candidum (teleomorph: Galactomyces candidus) is commonly used to inoculate washed-rind and bloomy-rind cheeses. However, little is known about the phylogenetic lineage of this microorganism. We have sequenced the complete 18S, 5.8S, 26S ribosomal RNA genes and their internal transcribed spacers (ITS1) and ITS2 regions (5126 nucleotides) from 18 G. candidum strains from various environmental niches, with a focus on dairy strains. Multiple sequence alignments revealed the presence of 60 polymorphic sites, which is generally unusual for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) within a given species because of the concerted evolution mechanism. This mechanism drives genetic homogenization to prevent the divergent evolution of rDNA copies within individuals. While the polymorphisms observed were mainly substitutions, one insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism was detected in ITS1. No polymorphic sites were detected downstream from this indel site, that is, in 5.8S and ITS2. More surprisingly, many sequence electrophoregrams generated during the sequencing of the rDNA had dual peaks, suggesting that many individuals exhibited intragenomic rDNA variability. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of four strains were cloned. The sequence analysis of 68 clones revealed 32 different ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 variants within these four strains. Depending on the strain, from four to twelve variants were detected, indicating that multiple rDNA copies were present in the genomes of these G. candidum strains. These results contribute to the debate concerning the use of the ITS region for barcoding fungi and suggest that community profiling techniques based on rDNA should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraz Alper
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute, STELA Dairy Research Centre, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
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38
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Bellete B, Rabérin H, Berger C, Flori P, Hafid J, Clemenson A, Guy C, Tran Manh Sung R. Molecular confirmation of an absidiomycosis following treatment with a probiotic supplement in a child with leukemia. J Mycol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Bujdáková H, Melkusová S, Soji I, Mokrás M, Mikami Y. Discrimination between Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis isolated from HIV-positive patients by using commercial method in comparison with PCR assay. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2004; 49:484-90. [PMID: 15530017 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen clinical isolates of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis were isolated from patients (majority of them HIV-positive) in Slovakia, Brazil, Thailand and Japan. Species discrimination was performed by using growth on CHROMagar Candida, commercial biochemical set API 20C AUX, germ-tube test in human serum, growth at 42 and 45 degrees C on Sabouraud-dextrose agar as well as on CHROMagar Candida, assimilation of D-xylose and methyl alpha-D-glucoside by glass-tube test, and production of chlamydospores. These tests were completed by PCR using Cd-oligo2/F and Cd-oligo2/R primer pair specific for C. dubliniensis. Six clinical isolates were confirmed to be C. dubliniensis, remaining 13 strains were determined as C. albicans. The use of conventional method showed that the determination is markedly influenced by personal evaluation suggesting the necessity of using the combination of many tests to obtain correct results comparing with accurate and rapid PCR assay. For discrimination between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis we recommend the combination of primo-cultivation on CHROMagar, followed by germ-tube test and PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bujdáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Martin P, Muruke M, Hosea K, Kivaisi A, Zerwas N, Bauerle C. A rapid PCR-RFLP method for monitoring genetic variation among commercial mushroom species*. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 32:390-4. [PMID: 21706762 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.2004.494032060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a simplified procedure for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mushrooms. We have adapted standard molecular techniques to be amenable to an undergraduate laboratory setting in order to allow students to explore basic questions about fungal diversity and relatedness among mushroom species. The streamlined protocols allowed students to practice important molecular techniques within the context of self-designed investigative projects. This laboratory experience provided opportunities for students to practice strategies for examining molecular diversity among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Presley Martin
- Biology Department, Hamline University, St. Paul, MN 55104
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