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Zheng M, Liu Y, Zhang G, Yang Z, Xu W, Chen Q. The Antioxidant Properties, Metabolism, Application and Mechanism of Ferulic Acid in Medicine, Food, Cosmetics, Livestock and Poultry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:853. [PMID: 39061921 PMCID: PMC11273498 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a ubiquitous ingredient in cereals, vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicines. Due to the ferulic phenolic nucleus coupled to an extended side chain, it readily forms a resonant-stable phenoxy radical, which explains its potent antioxidant potential. In addition, it also plays an important role in anti-cancer, pro-angiogenesis, anti-thrombosis, neuroprotection, food preservation, anti-aging, and improving the antioxidant performance of livestock and poultry. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the structure, mechanism of antioxidation, application status, molecular mechanism of pharmacological activity, existing problems, and application prospects of ferulic acid and its derivatives. The aim is to establish a theoretical foundation for the utilization of ferulic acid in medicine, food, cosmetics, livestock, and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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2
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Peng B, Zhang L, He S, Oerlemans R, Quax WJ, Groves MR, Haslinger K. Engineering a Plant Polyketide Synthase for the Biosynthesis of Methylated Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:529-539. [PMID: 38109879 PMCID: PMC10786038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Homoeriodictyol and hesperetin are naturally occurring O-methylated flavonoids with many health-promoting properties. They are produced in plants in low abundance and as complex mixtures of similar compounds that are difficult to separate. Synthetic biology offers the opportunity to produce various flavonoids in a targeted, bottom-up approach in engineered microbes with high product titers. However, the production of O-methylated flavonoids is currently still highly inefficient. In this study, we investigated and engineered a combination of enzymes that had previously been shown to support homoeriodictyol and hesperetin production in Escherichia coli from fed O-methylated hydroxycinnamic acids. We determined the crystal structures of the enzyme catalyzing the first committed step of the pathway, chalcone synthase from Hordeum vulgare, in three ligand-bound states. Based on these structures and a multiple sequence alignment with other chalcone synthases, we constructed mutant variants and assessed their performance in E. coli toward producing methylated flavonoids. With our best mutant variant, HvCHS (Q232P, D234 V), we were able to produce homoeriodictyol and hesperetin at 2 times and 10 times higher titers than reported previously. Our findings will facilitate further engineering of this enzyme toward higher production of methylated flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Lili Zhang
- XB20
Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Siqi He
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Oerlemans
- XB20
Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. Quax
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew R. Groves
- XB20
Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Haslinger
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
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3
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Ye Q, Xu W, He Y, Li H, Zhao F, Zhang J, Song Y. Biosynthesis of Vanillin by Rational Design of Enoyl-CoA Hydratase/Lyase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13631. [PMID: 37686435 PMCID: PMC10487757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanillin holds significant importance as a flavoring agent in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The CoA-dependent pathway for the biosynthesis of vanillin from ferulic acid involved feruloyl-CoA synthase (Fcs) and enoyl-CoA hydratase/lyase (Ech). In this research, the Fcs and Ech were derived from Streptomyces sp. strain V-1. The sequence conservation and structural features of Ech were analyzed by computational techniques including sequence alignment and molecular dynamics simulation. After detailed study for the major binding modes and key amino acid residues between Ech and substrates, a series of mutations (F74W, A130G, A130G/T132S, R147Q, Q255R, ΔT90, ΔTGPEIL, ΔN1-11, ΔC260-287) were obtained by rational design. Finally, the yield of vanillin produced by these mutants was verified by whole-cell catalysis. The results indicated that three mutants, F74W, Q147R, and ΔN1-11, showed higher yields than wild-type Ech. Molecular dynamics simulations and residue energy decomposition identified the basic residues K37, R38, K561, and R564 as the key residues affecting the free energy of binding between Ech and feruloyl-coenzyme A (FCA). The large changes in electrostatic interacting and polar solvating energies caused by the mutations may lead to decreased enzyme activity. This study provides important theoretical guidance as well as experimental data for the biosynthetic pathway of vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ye
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Weizhuo Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Yanan He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Hao Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Jinghai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yongbo Song
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
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4
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Production of various phenolic aldehyde compounds using the 4CL-FCHL biosynthesis platform. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:608-617. [PMID: 36521700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) is one of the most important flavoring substances used in the cosmetic and food industries. Feruloyl-CoA hydratase/lyase (FCHL) is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of vanillin from feruloyl-CoA. In this study, we report kinetic parameters and biochemical properties of FCHL from Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6 (SpFCHL). Also, the crystal structures of an apo-form of SpFCHL and two complexed forms with acetyl-CoA and vanillin/CoA was present. Comparing the apo structure to its complexed forms of SpFCHL, a gate loop with an "open and closed" role was observed at the entrance of the substrate-binding site. With vanillin and CoA complexed to SpFCHL, we captured a conformational change in the feruloyl moiety-binding pocket that repositions the catalytic SpFCHLE146 and other key residues. This binding pocket does not tightly fit the vanillin structure, suggesting substrate promiscuity of this enzyme. This observation is in good agreement with assay results for phenylpropanoid-CoAs and indicates important physicochemical properties of the substrate for the hydratase/lyase reaction mechanism. In addition, we showed that various phenolic aldehydes could be produced using the 4CL-FCHL biosynthesis platform.
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Abd‐Aziz S, Jenol MA, Ramle IK. Biovanillin from Oil Palm Biomass. BIOREFINERY OF OIL PRODUCING PLANTS FOR VALUE‐ADDED PRODUCTS 2022:493-514. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527830756.ch25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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6
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Saeed S, Ur Rehman Baig U, Tayyab M, Altaf I, Irfan M, Raza SQ, Nadeem F, Mehmood T. Valorization of banana peels waste into biovanillin and optimization of process parameters using submerged fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Zhang X, He Y, Wu Z, Liu G, Tao Y, Jin JM, Chen W, Tang SY. Whole-Cell Biosensors Aid Exploration of Vanillin Transmembrane Transport. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3114-3123. [PMID: 33666081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulatory protein (TRP)-based whole-cell biosensors are widely used nowadays. Here, they were demonstrated to have great potential application in screening cell efflux and influx pumps for small molecules. First, a vanillin whole-cell biosensor was developed by altering the specificity of a TRP, VanR, and strains with improved vanillin productions that were selected from a random genome mutagenesis library by using this biosensor as a high-throughput screening tool. A high intracellular vanillin concentration was found to accumulate due to the inactivation of the AcrA protein, indicating the involvement of this protein in vanillin efflux. Then, the application of this biosensor was extended to explore efflux and influx pumps, combined with directed genome evolution. Elevated intracellular vanillin levels resulting from efflux pump inactivation or influx pump overexpression could be rapidly detected by the whole-cell biosensor, markedly facilitating the identification of genome targets related to small-molecule transmembrane transport, which is of great importance in metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoxia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Ming Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Yeoh JW, Jayaraman SS, Tan SGD, Jayaraman P, Holowko MB, Zhang J, Kang CW, Leo HL, Poh CL. A model-driven approach towards rational microbial bioprocess optimization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:305-318. [PMID: 32946111 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Due to sustainability concerns, bio-based production capitalizing on microbes as cell factories is in demand to synthesize valuable products. Nevertheless, the nonhomogenous variations of the extracellular environment in bioprocesses often challenge the biomass growth and the bioproduction yield. To enable a more rational bioprocess optimization, we have established a model-driven approach that systematically integrates experiments with modeling, executed from flask to bioreactor scale, and using ferulic acid to vanillin bioconversion as a case study. The impacts of mass transfer and aeration on the biomass growth and bioproduction performances were examined using minimal small-scale experiments. An integrated model coupling the cell factory kinetics with the three-dimensional computational hydrodynamics of bioreactor was developed to better capture the spatiotemporal distributions of bioproduction. Full-factorial predictions were then performed to identify the desired operating conditions. A bioconversion yield of 94% was achieved, which is one of the highest for recombinant Escherichia coli using ferulic acid as the precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wui Yeoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudhaghar S/O Jayaraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean Guo-Dong Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Premkumar Jayaraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maciej B Holowko
- Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang-Wei Kang
- Department of Fluid Dynamic, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chueh Loo Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Park J, Lee HS, Oh J, Joo JC, Yeon YJ. A highly active carboxylic acid reductase from Mycobacterium abscessus for biocatalytic reduction of vanillic acid to vanillin. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Verma AM, Agrawal K, Kishore N. Elucidation of novel mechanisms to produce value-added chemicals from vapour phase conversion of ferulic acid. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Verma AM, Agrawal K, Kawale HD, Kishore N. Quantum chemical study on gas phase decomposition of ferulic acid. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1464223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Mohan Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Kushagra Agrawal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Harshal D. Kawale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Nanda Kishore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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12
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Park SY, Yang D, Ha SH, Lee SY. Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Natural Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Young Park
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Yang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hee Ha
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- BioInformatics Research Center; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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13
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Statistically optimized production and characterization of vanillin from creosol using newly isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae P27. ANN MICROBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-017-1300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Kumar P, Ghosh Sachan S, Poddar R. Mutational analysis of microbial hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-lyase (HCHL) towards enhancement of binding affinity: A computational approach. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 77:94-105. [PMID: 28850897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Improving the industrial enzyme for better yield of the product is important and a challenging task. One of such important industrial enzymes is microbial Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-lyase (HCHL). It converts feruloyl-CoA to vanillin. We place our efforts towards the improvement of its catalytic activity with comprehensive computational investigation. Catalytic core of the HCHL was explored with molecular modeling and docking approaches. Site-directed mutations were introduced in the catalytic site of HCHL in a sequential manner to generate different mutants of HCHL. Basis of mutation is to increase the interaction between HCHL and substrate feruloyl-CoA through interatomic forces and hydrogen bond formation. A rigorous molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to check the stability of mutant's structure. Root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), dynamic cross correlation (DCCM) and principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed to analyze flexibility and stability of structures. Docking studies were carried out between different mutants of HCHL and feruloyl-CoA. Investigation of the different binding sites and the interactions with mutant HCHLs and substrate allowed us to highlight the improved performance of mutants than wild type HCHL. This was further validated with MD simulation of complex consisting of different mutants and substrate. It further confirms all the structures are stable. However, mutant-2 showed better affinity towards substrate by forming hydrogen bond between active site and feruloyl-CoA. We propose that increase in hydrogen bond formation might facilitate in dissociation of vanillin from feruloyl-CoA. The current work may be useful for the future development of 'tailor-made' enzymes for better yield of vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, JH, 835 215, India
| | - Shashwati Ghosh Sachan
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, JH, 835 215, India
| | - Raju Poddar
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, JH, 835 215, India.
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Chakraborty D, Selvam A, Kaur B, Wong JWC, Karthikeyan OP. Application of recombinant Pediococcus acidilactici BD16 (fcs +/ech +) for bioconversion of agrowaste to vanillin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5615-5626. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Recovery and Utilization of Lignin Monomers as Part of the Biorefinery Approach. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Chakraborty D, Gupta G, Kaur B. Metabolic engineering of E. coli top 10 for production of vanillin through FA catabolic pathway and bioprocess optimization using RSM. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 128:123-33. [PMID: 27591788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering and construction of recombinant Escherichia coli strains carrying feruloyl-CoA synthetase and enoyl-CoA hydratase genes for the bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin offers an alternative way to produce vanillin. Isolation and designing of fcs and ech genes was carried out using computer assisted protocol and the designed vanillin biosynthetic gene cassette was cloned in pCCIBAC expression vector for introduction in E. coli top 10. Recombinant strain was implemented for the statistical optimization of process parameters influencing F A to vanillin biotransformation. CCD matrix constituted of process variables like FA concentration, time, temperature and biomass with intracellular, extracellular and total vanillin productions as responses. Production was scaled up and 68 mg/L of vanillin was recovered from 10 mg/L of FA using cell extracts from 1 mg biomass within 30 min. Kinetic activity of enzymes were characterized. From LCMS-ESI analysis a metabolic pathway of FA degradation and vanillin production was predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaganjot Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.
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18
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Chen P, Yan L, Wu Z, Li S, Bai Z, Yan X, Wang N, Liang N, Li H. A microbial transformation using Bacillus subtilis B7-S to produce natural vanillin from ferulic acid. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20400. [PMID: 26841717 PMCID: PMC4740768 DOI: 10.1038/srep20400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis strain B7-S screened from18 strains is an aerobic, endospore-forming, model organism of Gram-positive bacteria which is capable to form vanillin during ferulic acid bioconversion. The bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin by Bacillus subtilis B7-S (B. subtilis B7-S) was investigated. Based on our results, the optimum bioconversion conditions for the production of vanillin by B. subtilis B7-S can be summarized as follows: temperature 35 °C; initial pH 9.0; inoculum volume 5%; ferulic acid concentration 0.6 g/L; volume of culture medium 20%; and shaking speed 200 r/min. Under these conditions, several repeated small-scale batch experiments showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was 63.30% after 3 h of bioconversion. The vanillin products were confirmed by spectral data achieved from UV-vis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) results confirmed that the cell surface of B. subtilis plays a role in the induction of ferulic acid tolerance. These results demonstrate that B. subtilis B7-S has the potential for use in vanillin production through bioconversion of ferulic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Suyue Li
- Gansu Institute of Business and Technology, Yannan Road No. 449, Lanzhou, 730010, PR China
| | - Zhongtian Bai
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 1, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Yan
- Gansu Institute of Business and Technology, Yannan Road No. 449, Lanzhou, 730010, PR China
| | - Ningbo Wang
- Gansu Institute of Business and Technology, Yannan Road No. 449, Lanzhou, 730010, PR China
| | - Ning Liang
- Gansu Institute of Business and Technology, Yannan Road No. 449, Lanzhou, 730010, PR China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, PR China
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Li L, Zhang Q, Ding Y, Lu Y, Cai X, Yu L. A Simple Fluorescence Quenching Method for the Determination of Vanillin Using TGA-capped CdTe/ZnS Nanoparticles as Probes. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:897-905. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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High-yield production of vanillin from ferulic acid by a coenzyme-independent decarboxylase/oxygenase two-stage process. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:335-9. [PMID: 25765579 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin is one of the world's most important flavor and fragrance compounds in foods and cosmetics. Recently, we demonstrated that vanillin could be produced from ferulic acid via 4-vinylguaiacol in a coenzyme-independent manner using the decarboxylase Fdc and the oxygenase Cso2. In this study, we investigated a new two-pot bioprocess for vanillin production using the whole-cell catalyst of Escherichia coli expressing Fdc in the first stage and that of E. coli expressing Cso2 in the second stage. We first optimized the second-step Cso2 reaction from 4-vinylguaiacol to vanillin, a rate-determining step for the production of vanillin. Addition of FeCl2 to the cultivation medium enhanced the activity of the resulting E. coli cells expressing Cso2, an iron protein belonging to the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase family. Furthermore, a butyl acetate-water biphasic system was effective in improving the production of vanillin. Under the optimized conditions, we attempted to produce vanillin from ferulic acid by a two-pot bioprocess on a flask scale. In the first stage, E. coli cells expressing Fdc rapidly decarboxylated ferulic acid and completely converted 75 mM of this substrate to 4-vinylguaiacol within 2 h at pH 9.0. After the first-stage reaction, cells were removed from the reaction mixture by centrifugation, and the pH of the resulting supernatant was adjusted to 10.5, the optimal pH for Cso2. This solution was subjected to the second-stage reaction. In the second stage, E. coli cells expressing Cso2 efficiently oxidized 4-vinylguaiacol to vanillin. The concentration of vanillin reached 52 mM (7.8 g L(-1)) in 24 h, which is the highest level attained to date for the biotechnological production of vanillin using recombinant cells.
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Gallage NJ, Møller BL. Vanillin-bioconversion and bioengineering of the most popular plant flavor and its de novo biosynthesis in the vanilla orchid. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:40-57. [PMID: 25578271 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, biotechnology-derived production of flavors and fragrances has expanded rapidly. The world's most popular flavor, vanillin, is no exception. This review outlines the current state of biotechnology-based vanillin synthesis with the use of ferulic acid, eugenol, and glucose as substrates and bacteria, fungi, and yeasts as microbial production hosts. The de novo biosynthetic pathway of vanillin in the vanilla orchid and the possible applied uses of this new knowledge in the biotechnology-derived and pod-based vanillin industries are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethaji J Gallage
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Carlsberg Laboratory, 10 Gamle Carlsberg Vej, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
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Kaur B, Chakraborty D, Kumar B. Metabolic engineering of Pediococcus acidilactici BD16 for production of vanillin through ferulic acid catabolic pathway and process optimization using response surface methodology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8539-51. [PMID: 25077778 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of feruloyl-CoA synthetase (fcs) and enoyl-CoA hydratase (ech) genes responsible for the bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin have been reported and characterized from Amycolatopsis sp., Streptomyces sp., and Pseudomonas sp. Attempts have been made to express these genes in Escherichia coli DH5α, E. coli JM109, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. However, none of the lactic acid bacteria strain having GRAS status was previously proposed for heterologous expression of fcs and ech genes for production of vanillin through biotechnological process. Present study reports heterologous expression of vanillin synthetic gene cassette bearing fcs and ech genes in a dairy isolate Pediococcus acidilactici BD16. After metabolic engineering, statistical optimization of process parameters that influence ferulic acid to vanillin biotransformation in the recombinant strain was carried out using central composite design of response surface methodology. After scale-up of the process, 3.14 mM vanillin was recovered from 1.08 mM ferulic acid per milligram of recombinant cell biomass within 20 min of biotransformation. From LCMS-ESI spectral analysis, a metabolic pathway of phenolic biotransformations was predicted in the recombinant P. acidilactici BD16 (fcs (+)/ech (+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India,
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Biotechnological and molecular approaches for vanillin production: a review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1353-72. [PMID: 23306890 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin is one of the most widely used flavoring agents in the world. As the annual world market demand of vanillin could not be met by natural extraction, chemical synthesis, or tissue culture technology, thus biotechnological approaches may be replacement routes to make production of bio-vanillin economically viable. This review's main focus is to highlight significant aspects of biotechnology with emphasis on the production of vanillin from eugenol, isoeugenol, lignin, ferulic acid, sugars, phenolic stilbenes, vanillic acid, aromatic amino acids, and waste residues by applying fungi, bacteria, and plant cells. Production of biovanillin using GRAS lactic acid bacteria and metabolically engineered microorganisms, genetic organization of vanillin biosynthesis operons/gene cassettes and finally the stability of biovanillin generated through various biotechnological procedures are also critically reviewed in the later sections of the review.
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Swizdor A, Panek A, Milecka-Tronina N, Kołek T. Biotransformations utilizing β-oxidation cycle reactions in the synthesis of natural compounds and medicines. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16514-43. [PMID: 23443116 PMCID: PMC3546705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Oxidation cycle reactions, which are key stages in the metabolism of fatty acids in eucaryotic cells and in processes with a significant role in the degradation of acids used by microbes as a carbon source, have also found application in biotransformations. One of the major advantages of biotransformations based on the β-oxidation cycle is the possibility to transform a substrate in a series of reactions catalyzed by a number of enzymes. It allows the use of sterols as a substrate base in the production of natural steroid compounds and their analogues. This route also leads to biologically active compounds of therapeutic significance. Transformations of natural substrates via β-oxidation are the core part of the synthetic routes of natural flavors used as food additives. Stereoselectivity of the enzymes catalyzing the stages of dehydrogenation and addition of a water molecule to the double bond also finds application in the synthesis of chiral biologically active compounds, including medicines. Recent advances in genetic, metabolic engineering, methods for the enhancement of bioprocess productivity and the selectivity of target reactions are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Swizdor
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas fluorescens for the production of vanillin from ferulic acid. J Biotechnol 2011; 156:309-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lee EG, Yoon SH, Das A, Lee SH, Li C, Kim JY, Choi MS, Oh DK, Kim SW. Directing vanillin production from ferulic acid by increased acetyl-CoA consumption in recombinant Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 102:200-8. [PMID: 18683263 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The amplification of gltA gene encoding citrate synthase of TCA cycle was required for the efficient conversion of acetyl-CoA, generated during vanillin production from ferulic acid, to CoA, which is essential for vanillin production. Vanillin of 1.98 g/L was produced from the E. coli DH5alpha (pTAHEF-gltA) with gltA amplification in 48 h of culture at 3.0 g/L of ferulic acid, which was about twofold higher than the vanillin production of 0.91 g/L obtained by the E. coli DH5alpha (pTAHEF) without gltA amplification. The icdA gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase of TCA cycle was deleted to make the vanillin producing E. coli utilize glyoxylate bypass which enables more efficient conversion of acetyl-CoA to CoA in comparison with TCA cycle. The production of vanillin by the icdA null mutant of E. coli BW25113 harboring pTAHEF was enhanced by 2.6 times. The gltA amplification of the glyoxylate bypass in the icdA null mutant remarkably increased the production rate of vanillin with a little increase in the amount of vanillin production. The real synergistic effect of gltA amplification and icdA deletion was observed with use of XAD-2 resin reducing the toxicity of vanillin produced during culture. Vanillin of 5.14 g/L was produced in 24 h of the culture with molar conversion yield of 86.6%, which is the highest so far in vanillin production from ferulic acid using recombinant E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Gyeong Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), EB-NCRC and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Optimization of culture condition for the production of D-amino acid oxidase in a recombinant Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barghini P, Di Gioia D, Fava F, Ruzzi M. Vanillin production using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli under non-growing conditions. Microb Cell Fact 2007; 6:13. [PMID: 17437627 PMCID: PMC1857700 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-6-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vanillin is one of the most important aromatic flavour compounds used in the food and cosmetic industries. Natural vanillin is extracted from vanilla beans and is relatively expensive. Moreover, the consumer demand for natural vanillin highly exceeds the amount of vanillin extracted by plant sources. This has led to the investigation of other routes to obtain this flavour such as the biotechnological production from ferulic acid. Studies concerning the use of engineered recombinant Escherichia coli cells as biocatalysts for vanillin production are described in the literature, but yield optimization and biotransformation conditions have not been investigated in details. Results Effect of plasmid copy number in metabolic engineering of E. coli for the synthesis of vanillin has been evaluated by the use of genes encoding feruloyl-CoA synthetase and feruloyl hydratase/aldolase from Pseudomonas fluorescens BF13. The higher vanillin production yield was obtained using resting cells of E. coli strain JM109 harbouring a low-copy number vector and a promoter exhibiting a low activity to drive the expression of the catabolic genes. Optimization of the bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin was accomplished by a response surface methodology. The experimental conditions that allowed us to obtain high values for response functions were 3.3 mM ferulic acid and 4.5 g/L of biomass, with a yield of 70.6% and specific productivity of 5.9 μmoles/g × min after 3 hours of incubation. The final concentration of vanillin in the medium was increased up to 3.5 mM after a 6-hour incubation by sequential spiking of 1.1 mM ferulic acid. The resting cells could be reused up to four times maintaining the production yield levels over 50%, thus increasing three times the vanillin obtained per gram of biomass. Conclusion Ferulic acid can be efficiently converted to vanillin, without accumulation of undesirable vanillin reduction/oxidation products, using E. coli JM109 cells expressing genes from the ferulic acid-degrader Pseudomonas fluorescens BF13. Optimization of culture conditions and bioconversion parameters, together with the reuse of the biomass, leaded to a final production of 2.52 g of vanillin per liter of culture, which is the highest found in the literature for recombinant strains and the highest achieved so far applying such strains under resting cells conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Barghini
- Department of Agrobiology and Agrochemistry, University of Tuscia, via Camillo de Lellis – snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Diana Di Gioia
- DICASM, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fava
- DICASM, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ruzzi
- Department of Agrobiology and Agrochemistry, University of Tuscia, via Camillo de Lellis – snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Ahn JM, Kim BC, Gu MB. Characterization ofgltA: luxCDABE fusion inEscherichia coli as a toxicity biosensor. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02932076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) biosynthetic gene cluster ofShewanella oneidensis MR-1: Cloning, heterologous expression, and effects of temperature and glucose on the production of EPA inEscherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02932075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Min JY, Kang SM, Park DJ, Kim YD, Jung HN, Yang JK, Seo WT, Kim SW, Karigar CS, Choi MS. Enzymatic release of ferulic acid fromIpomoea batatas L. (sweet potato) stem. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03026256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Choi W, Park JK. A bio-fluidic device for adaptive sample pretreatment and its application to measurements ofEscherichia coli concentrations. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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