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Campora M, Francesconi V, Schenone S, Tasso B, Tonelli M. Journey on Naphthoquinone and Anthraquinone Derivatives: New Insights in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:33. [PMID: 33466332 PMCID: PMC7824805 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment, and functional decline leading to dementia and death. AD imposes neuronal death by the intricate interplay of different neurochemical factors, which continue to inspire the medicinal chemist as molecular targets for the development of new agents for the treatment of AD with diverse mechanisms of action, but also depict a more complex AD scenario. Within the wide variety of reported molecules, this review summarizes and offers a global overview of recent advancements on naphthoquinone (NQ) and anthraquinone (AQ) derivatives whose more relevant chemical features and structure-activity relationship studies will be discussed with a view to providing the perspective for the design of viable drugs for the treatment of AD. In particular, cholinesterases (ChEs), β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins have been identified as key targets of these classes of compounds, where the NQ or AQ scaffold may contribute to the biological effect against AD as main unit or significant substructure. The multitarget directed ligand (MTDL) strategy will be described, as a chance for these molecules to exhibit significant potential on the road to therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michele Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.T.)
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Neo Shin N, Jeon H, Jung Y, Baek S, Lee S, Yoo HC, Bae GH, Park K, Yang SH, Han JM, Kim I, Kim Y. Fluorescent 1,4-Naphthoquinones To Visualize Diffuse and Dense-Core Amyloid Plaques in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Brains. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3031-3044. [PMID: 31016960 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical approvals of brain imaging radiotracers targeting amyloid-β provided clinicians the tools to detect and confirm Alzheimer's disease pathology without autopsy or biopsy. While current imaging agents are effective in postsymptomatic Alzheimer's patients, there is much room for improvement in earlier diagnosis, hence prompting a need for new and improved amyloid imaging agents. Here we synthesized 41 novel 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and initially discovered 14 antiamyloidogenic compounds via in vitro amyloid-β aggregation assay; however, qualitative analyses of these compounds produced conflicting results and required further investigation. Follow-up docking and biophysical studies revealed that four of these compounds penetrate the blood-brain barrier, directly bind to amyloid-β aggregates, and enhance fluorescence properties upon interaction. These compounds specifically stain both diffuse and dense-core amyloid-β plaques in brain sections of APP/PS1 double transgenic Alzheimer's mouse models. Our findings suggest 1,4-naphthoquinones as a new scaffold for amyloid-β imaging agents for early stage Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naewoo Neo Shin
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Jeon
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Jung
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeop Baek
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hun Bae
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikyon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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Kacmaz A, Deniz NG, Aydinli SG, Sayil C, Onay-Ucar E, Mertoglu E, Arda N. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn the course of biological properties of quinone derivatives, the N(H)-, S- and S,S-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized by reactions of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with different amines (2-morpholinoaniline, tert-butyl 4-aminobenzoate, 4-tert-butylbenzylamine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pipecoline, 2-amino-5,6-dimethylbenzothiazole, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine) and thiolat (sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate). All new products were characterized by MS-ESI, UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR. The antiproliferative activities of these compounds on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells were evaluated by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Although all derivatives inhibited cell growth, the most active compound was 2-(tert-butylthio)-3-chloronaphthalene-1,4-dione 5 (IC50=10.16 μM) against the HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysecik Kacmaz
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul34320, Turkey
| | - Nahide Gulsah Deniz
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul34320, Turkey
| | - Serdar Goksin Aydinli
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul34320, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Sayil
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul34320, Turkey
| | - Evren Onay-Ucar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Mertoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazli Arda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kim SY, Park C, Jang HJ, Kim BO, Bae HW, Chung IY, Kim ES, Cho YH. Antibacterial strategies inspired by the oxidative stress and response networks. J Microbiol 2019; 57:203-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim S, Matsubara R, Hayashi M. Activated Carbon-Promoted Dehydrogenation of Hydroquinones to Benzoquinones, Naphthoquinones, and Anthraquinones under Molecular Oxygen Atmosphere. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2997-3003. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Lakshmanan S, Govindaraj D, Ramalakshmi N, Antony SA. Synthesis, molecular docking, DFT calculations and cytotoxicity activity of benzo[g]quinazoline derivatives in choline chloride-urea. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lakshmanan S, Ramalakshmi N. One-pot, four-component synthesis of benzylpyrazolyl naphthoquinone derivatives and molecular docking studies. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1244693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivalingam Lakshmanan
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanan Ramalakshmi
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang XB, Zou CL, Duan YX, Wu F, Li G. Activity guided isolation and modification of juglone from Juglans regia as potent cytotoxic agent against lung cancer cell lines. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:396. [PMID: 26530090 PMCID: PMC4632350 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Juglans regia has been found to exhibit significant anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. This study was undertaken to isolate the active chemical constituent (Juglone) and to investigate its cytotoxic activity along with its various analogs against different human cancer cell lines. Methods Isolation of juglone, a napthoquinone, from the chloroform extract of the root part of Juglans regia was executed by flash chromatography using silica gel as stationary phase. The isolated Juglone was used as starting material for the further synthesis of a novel series of triazolyl analogs using click chemistry approach to investigate their cytotoxic potential against different human cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-yl)-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. Results The different extracts of Juglans regia and the isolated compound (juglone) exhibited satisfactory cytotoxic activity against a panel of eight different human cancer cell lines namely, prostate colon (Colo-205 and HCT-116), breast (T47D), prostate (PC-3 and DU-145), skin (A-431) and lung (NCI-H322 and A549). Interestingly, all the synthesised analogs displayed enhanced and selective cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cell lines only. Of the synthesized derivatives, 15a and 16a displayed the best activity with IC50 of 4.72 and 4.67 μM against A549 cells. Both these derivatives exhibited superior potency to BEZ-235 against both the lung cancer cell lines. So far as the structural aspects are concerned, electron withdrawing substituents at the ortho position of R moiety of the triazolyl analogs seem to be essential for attaining better activity. Conclusion The present study demonstrates the selective and enhanced cytotoxic activity of the triazolyl analogs of juglone against NCI-H322 and A549 human lung cancer cell lines. Some derivatives exhibited superior potency to BEZ-235, a commercially available anticancer agent.
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de Lucas NC, Ruis CP, Teixeira RI, Marçal LL, Garden SJ, Corrêa RJ, Ferreira S, Netto-Ferreira JC, Ferreira VF. Photosensitizing properties of triplet furano and pyrano-1,2-naphthoquinones. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kwon HL, Kim JH, Na DH, Byeun DH, Wu Y, Kim SW, Jin ES, Cho H. Combination of 1,4-naphthoquinone with benzothiazoles had selective algicidal effects against harmful algae. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ibis C, Ayla SS, Asar H. Synthesis and Spectral and Electrochemical Characterization of Novel Substituted 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.793774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Ibis
- a Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sibel Sahinler Ayla
- a Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hatice Asar
- a Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering , Istanbul , Turkey
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Surface chemistry and spectroscopy studies on 1,4-naphthoquinone in cell membrane models using Langmuir monolayers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 402:300-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Novel and convenient synthesis of 5-benzoyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and its derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oramas-Royo S, Torrejón C, Cuadrado I, Hernández-Molina R, Hortelano S, Estévez-Braun A, de Las Heras B. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of metallic complexes of lawsone. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2471-7. [PMID: 23545136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of metallic complexes of the 1,4-naphthoquinone lawsone (2-6) were synthesized and evaluated for potential cytotoxicity in a mouse leukemic macrophagic RAW 264.7 cell line. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Significant growth inhibition was observed for the copper complex (4) with an IC(50) value of 2.5 μM. This compound was selected for further evaluation of cytotoxic activity on several human cancer cells including HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and HeLa, (human cervical adenocarcinoma cells). Significant cell viability decrease was also observed in HepG2 cells. The apoptotic potential of this complex was evaluated in these cells. Compound 4 induced apoptosis by a mechanism that involves the activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9 and modulation of apoptotic-related proteins such as Bax, Bad, and p53. These results indicate that metal complexes of lawsone derivatives, in particular compound 4, might be used for the design of new antitumoral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Oramas-Royo
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Li J, Jin R. DFT study on the radical scavenging activity of β,β-dimethylacrylalkannin derivatives. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2012.680887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Guo J, Song W, Ding F, Zhang J, Sun Z. Study on cytotoxicity and structure-activity relationship of HL-7702 cell exposed to naphthoquinones. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 33:408-413. [PMID: 22387353 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The acute cytotoxicities of six naphthoquinone compounds, including Atovaquone, Buparvaquone, Menadione, 2-acetoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-ethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, to HL-7702 cells were determined. The results showed that the toxicities of these naphthoquinones were characterized by a steep response pattern except for 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Meanwhile, the cellular injuries were unrecoverable. Several molecular descriptors, such as the octanol-water partition coefficients (LogP), diameter (Dia) and topological index (TIndx), played an important role in the toxicity of naphthoquinones to HL-7702 cell. Our results provide a foundation for further investigation using 3D-QSAR and HQSAR to evaluate the aquatic ecological risk and the possible mechanisms of toxicity of naphthoquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Xiqing District, Tianjin, China
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Niculescu VC, Muresan N, Salageanu A, Tucureanu C, Marinescu G, Chirigiu L, Lepadatu C. Novel 2,3-disubstituted 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and their metal complexes – Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic effect against mouse fibrosarcoma L929 cells. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de Lucas NC, Corrêa RJ, Garden SJ, Santos G, Rodrigues R, Carvalho CEM, Ferreira SB, Netto-Ferreira JC, Ferreira VF, Miro P, Marin ML, Miranda MA. Singlet oxygen production by pyrano and furano 1,4-naphthoquinones in non-aqueous medium. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1201-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05412d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jin R, Li J. Theoretical Study of the Radical Scavenging Activity of Shikonin and Its Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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He K, Chan CB, Liu X, Jia Y, Luo HR, France SA, Liu Y, Wilson WD, Ye K. Identification of a molecular activator for insulin receptor with potent anti-diabetic effects. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:37379-88. [PMID: 21908618 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.247387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin exerts its actions through the insulin receptor (IR) and plays an essential role in diabetes. The inconvenient daily injection and undesirable side-effects associated with insulin injection demand novel drugs for the diseases. To search for bioactive insulin mimetics, we developed an in vitro screening assay using phospho-IR ELISA. After screening the small molecule chemical libraries, we have obtained a compound (5,8-diacetyloxy-2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone) that provokes IR activation by directly binding to the receptor kinase domain to trigger its kinase activity at micromolar concentrations. This compound selectively activates IR but not other receptors and sensitizes insulin's action. Moreover, it elevates glucose uptake in adipocytes and has oral hypoglycemic effect in wild-type C57BL/6J mice and db/db and ob/ob mice without demonstrable toxicity. Hence, this promising compound mimics the biological functions of insulin and is useful for further drug development for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Jin R, Bai Y. Theoretical investigation of the radical scavenging activity of shikonin and acylshikonin derivatives. J Mol Model 2011; 18:1401-8. [PMID: 21761174 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The radical scavenging activity of shikonin and acylshikonin derivatives was studied by using density functional theory. The hydrogen bond property of the studied structures was investigated using the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory. It turned out that the hydrogen bond is important for good radical scavenging activity. The hydrogen atom transfer for shikonin and acylshikonin derivatives is difficult to obtain because of the high bond dissociation energy (BDE). However, shikonin and acylshikonin derivatives appear to be good candidates for the one-electron-transfer. The introduction of acyl groups for shikonin decreases the ionization potential (IP) values compared with that of shikonin. The acylshikonin derivatives with 1H-pyrrole, furan, and thiophene groups are expected to be of the highest radical scavenging activity among the compounds investigated in this study. Taking this system as an example, we present an efficient method for the investigation of radical scavenging activity from theoretical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifa Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China.
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Khan NM, Sandur SK, Checker R, Sharma D, Poduval TB, Sainis KB. Pro-oxidants ameliorate radiation-induced apoptosis through activation of the calcium-ERK1/2-Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:115-28. [PMID: 21530647 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There are no reports describing the ability of pro-oxidants to protect against radiation-induced apoptosis. Activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 by low levels of ROS is known to protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death. In this study, hydrogen peroxide, diethylmaleate, and 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) exhibited complete protection against radiation-induced cell death in lymphocytes as estimated by propidium iodide staining. Radioprotection by NQ was demonstrated by inhibition of caspase activation, decrease in cell size, DNA fragmentation, nuclear blebbing, and clonogenic assay. Interestingly, NQ offered protection to lymphocytes even when added to cells postirradiation. NQ increased intracellular ROS levels and decreased GSH levels. NQ activated Nrf2 and increased the expression of the cytoprotective gene heme oxygenase-1 in lymphocytes. NQ increased ERK phosphorylation, which is upstream of Nrf2, and this ERK activation was through increased intracellular calcium levels. Administration of NQ to mice offered protection against whole-body irradiation (WBI)-induced apoptosis in splenic lymphocytes and loss of viability of spleen and bone marrow cells. It restored WBI-mediated changes in hematological parameters and functional responses of lymphocytes. Importantly, NQ rescued mice against WBI-induced mortality. These results demonstrated that a pro-oxidant such as NQ can protect against radiation-induced apoptosis by activation of multiple prosurvival mechanisms including activation of the calcium-ERK1/2-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir M Khan
- Bio-Medical Group, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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Reactions of 5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carbohydrazides with 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and the properties of the obtained products. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-011-0306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Freire CPV, Ferreira SB, de Oliveira NSM, Matsuura ABJ, Gama IL, da Silva FDC, de Souza MCBV, Lima ES, Ferreira VF. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted α- and β-2,3-dihydrofuran naphthoquinones as potent anticandidal agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Deblander J, Van Aeken S, Jacobs J, De Kimpe N, Abbaspour Tehrani K. A New Synthesis of Benzo[f]isoindole-4,9-diones by Radical Alkylation and Bromomethylation of 1,4-Naphthoquinones. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aithal BK, Kumar MRS, Rao BN, Udupa N, Rao BSS. Juglone, a naphthoquinone from walnut, exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects against cultured melanoma tumor cells. Cell Biol Int 2009; 33:1039-49. [PMID: 19555768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of juglone, a chief constituent of walnut, and its underlying mechanisms against melanoma cells. MTT assay and clonogenic assay were used to study cytotoxicity, micronucleus assay to assess genotoxicity, glutathione (GSH) assay and 2',7'-dicholorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay to evaluate the oxidative stress induction. Apoptosis/necrosis induction was analysed by flow cytometry. We observed a concentration-dependent decrease in cell survival with a corresponding increase in the lactate dehydrogenase levels. A dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronucleated binucleate cells indicated the potential of juglone to induce cytogenetic damage in melanoma tumor cells. Moreover, results of the micronuclei study indicated division delay in the proliferating cell population by showing decrease in the cytokinesis blocked proliferation index. Further, juglone-induced apoptosis and necrosis could be demonstrated by oligonucleosomal ladder formation, microscopic analysis, increase in the hypodiploid fraction (sub Go peak in DNA histogram), as well as an increased percentage of AnnexinV(+)/PI(+) cells detected by flow cytometry. A significant concentration-dependent decrease in the glutathione levels and increase in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence after juglone treatment confirmed the ability of juglone to generate intracellular reactive oxygen species. The cytotoxic effect of juglone can be attributed to mechanisms including the induction of oxidative stress, cell membrane damage, and a clastogenic action leading to cell death by both apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kiran Aithal
- Division of Radiobiology and Toxicology, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Kumar MRS, Aithal K, Rao BN, Udupa N, Rao BSS. Cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidative stress induced by 1,4-naphthoquinone in B16F1 melanoma tumor cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:242-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yoo J, Choi HS, Choi CH, Chung Y, Kim BH, Cho H. Synthesis and evaluation of antitumor activity of novel 2-[N-Methyl-N-(4-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)aminomethyl]-5,8-diacyloxy-1,4-naphthoquinones. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:142-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the bioactive constituent of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa L. and has been shown to exert antioxidant antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects. During the study of its possible mechanism of action, we found that TQ reacts chemically (i.e. nonenzymatically) with glutathione (GSH), NADH and NADPH. A combination of liquid chromatography/UV-Vis spectrophotometry/Mass spectrometry analyses was used to identify the products of these reactions. The reaction that occur in physiological conditions indicates the formation of only two products, glutathionyl-dihydrothymoquinone after rapid reaction with GSH, and dihydrothymoquinone (DHTQ) after slow reaction time with NADH and NADPH. Measurement of the antioxidant activity of reduced compounds against organic radicals such as 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) also revealed a potential scavenging activity for glutathionyl-dihydrothymoquinone similar to that of DHTQ. Under our experimental conditions, TQ shows lower scavenging activities than glutathionyl-dihydrothymoquinone and DHTQ; it is very interesting to observe that the reduced compounds apparently show an antioxidant capacity equivalent to Trolox. The results indicate a possible intracellular nonenzymatic metabolic activation of TQ dependent on GSH, NADH or NADPH that may represent a "cellular switch" able to modulate cellular antioxidant defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Khalife
- Department of Biology MCA, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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