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Chen YY, Hou JP, Huang L, Khan A, Xing FF, Zhang XH, Han DF, Yan SL, Cao GD, Jiao QY, Liu D, Zhu X, Hu Q, Lou HX. Chemical constituents of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai and their cytotoxic activities. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:1927-1933. [PMID: 33107346 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1837816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new diarylheptanoid, (1 R,2S,3S,5S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3',3''-dimethoxy-4'-de-O-methylcentrolobine (1) and a new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid, (1 R,7S)-1,12,13-trihydroxybisabola-3,10-diene (2), together with nineteen known compounds (3-21) were isolated from the EtOH extract of the stems and branches of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of 1 D and 2 D NMR spectra and from the HRESIMS. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against eight human tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Natural Products Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Ping Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Fei-Fei Xing
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Feng Han
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Li Yan
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Dong Cao
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yang Jiao
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejie Liu
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuwei Zhu
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Hu
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wu J, Wang J, Wang S, Rao P. Lunatin, a novel lectin with antifungal and antiproliferative bioactivities from Phaseolus lunatus billb. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:717-24. [PMID: 27164500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel lectin with a molecular mass of 24.3kDa, designated Lunatin, was isolated from edible seeds of Phaseolus lunatus billb. The purification scheme consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The lectin is a glycoprotein, as determined by staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined to be DAVIYRGPGDLHTGS. Lunatin exhibited hemagglutinating activity towards human blood group A erythrocytes, which was mostly preserved up to 50°C and retained at ambient temperature at pH 2.0-11.0. d-fructose, d-galactose, d-glucose, and mannitol were capable of inhibiting its hemagglutinating activity. Lunatin was found to be a metal-dependent protein, as its activity was inhibited by the metallic compounds K2Cr2O7, SnCl2, and LiCl, though it was unaffected by MgCl2, ZnCl2, BaCl2, CuCl2, FeCl3, or CaCl2. In addition, Lunatin exerted potent antifungal activity toward a variety of fungal species, including Sclerotium rolfsii, Physalospora piricola, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea. Finally, proliferation of K562 leukemia cells was strongly inhibited by Lunatin, with an IC50 of 13.7μM, whereas HeLa and HepG2 cells were only weakly affected. These findings further the identification and understanding of functional factors in edible plant seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou 350108, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Pingfan Rao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou 350108, China
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3
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Hong CE, Park AK, Lyu SY. Synergistic anticancer effects of lectin and doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:225-35. [PMID: 24878989 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects, either combined or alone, of lectin from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) and doxorubicin (DOX) in MCF-7 (estrogen receptor-positive) and MDA-MB231 (estrogen receptor-negative) human breast cancer cells. When VCA and DOX were combined, a strong synergistic effect was shown in cell growth inhibition, compared to VCA or DOX treatment alone. In quantitative apoptosis studies analyzed by flow cytometry, a combination of two agents showed an increase in apoptosis in both cells, compared to agents alone. Also, pro-apoptotic proteins including Bax, Bik, and Puma were increased in both cells, and the survival factor Bcl-2 was inhibited in MCF-7 cells when drugs were combined. Furthermore, VCA combined with DOX mediated S phase arrest, accompanied with a decrease of cell number at G0/G1 phase. This suggests that VCA and DOX combination may possibly lead to a novel strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Eui Hong
- Department of Biology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
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4
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Hong CE, Lyu SY. The Antimutagenic Effect of Mistletoe Lectin (Viscum album
L. var. coloratum
agglutinin). Phytother Res 2011; 26:787-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Eui Hong
- Department of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; 214-1 Dae-dong Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 712-749 South Korea
| | - Su-Yun Lyu
- Department of Pharmacy; Sunchon National University; 255 Jungangno Suncheon Jeonnam 540-742 South Korea
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5
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Lyu SY, Park WB. Gene network analysis on the effect of Viscum album var. coloratum in T cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1735-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-1018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Lyu SY, Park WB. Effect of Korean Mistletoe Lectin on Gene Expression Profile in Human T Lymphocytes: A Microarray Study. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2010. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2010.18.4.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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8
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Lee CH, Kim JK, Kim HY, Park SM, Lee SM. Immunomodulating effects of Korean mistletoe lectin in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1555-61. [PMID: 19788934 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of Korean mistletoe lectin (KML), one of the major active components in Viscum album L. var. coloratum, were investigated in vitro in immune cell proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell- and macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity, and in vivo in the forced swim test and cold stress. In mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation of murine splenocytes, concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide significantly increased the proliferation of T cell and B cell lymphocytes, respectively. KML exposure increased lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogen. KML also increased the splenic NK cell and macrophage activities in vitro. Exposure to KML increased production of cytokines such as interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 by macrophages. Two-week treatment with KML (30, 100, 300 and 600 microg/kg) increased the recruitment of lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. In the forced swim test, the immobility time was significantly attenuated by treatment with KML (300 and 600 microg/kg). In a cold stress experiment, spleen and thymus weight increased in KML-treated mice, while the weight of adrenal gland was lower than that in vehicle-treated mice. The levels of serum aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased by KML treatment. KML treatment also induced increases in the percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in thymus. Our results suggest that KML enhances the immune system through modulation of lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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9
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Lee JY, Kim JY, Lee YG, Byeon SE, Kim BH, Rhee MH, Lee A, Kwon M, Hong S, Cho JY. In vitro immunoregulatory effects of Korean mistletoe lectin on functional activation of monocytic and macrophage-like cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:2043-51. [PMID: 17978473 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Korean mistletoe lectin (KML) is one of the major active components in Viscum album var. (coloratum), displaying various biological effects such as anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities. Even though it has been shown to boost host immune defense mechanisms, the immunomodulatory effects of KML on specific immune responses mediated by macrophages have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to demonstrate KML's regulatory roles on macrophage-mediated immune responses. KML clearly blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced events [expression of interleukin (IL)-10, nitric oxide (NO) production and phagocytic uptake], and suppressed the normal expression levels of IL-10 (at 2 ng/ml) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (at 10 ng/ml). In contrast, (1) the expression of cytokine (TNF-alpha) and (2) the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by LPS were significantly up-regulated with KML co-treatment. In addition, KML itself increased the mRNA levels of IL-3 and IL-23; phagocytic uptake; the surface levels of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86), pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) [such as dectin-1 and toll like receptor (TLR)-2] and adhesion molecules [beta1-integrins (CD29) and CD43]; and CD29-mediated cell adhesion events. Finally, according to co-treatment of D-galactose with KML under LPS-induced NO production conditions, KML inhibition seems to be mediated by binding to proteins with D-galactose. Therefore, these data suggest that KML may participate in regulating various macrophage-mediated innate and adaptive responses via binding to surface protein with D-galactose and that some of these may deserve in KML's therapeutic activities such as anti-tumor and anti-microbial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lee
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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10
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Effects of Korean Mistletoe Lectin(Viscum album coloratum) on Proliferation and Cytokine Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and T-Lymphocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:1252-64. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02980266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Lyu SY, Park WB. Mistletoe lectin (Viscum album coloratum) modulates proliferation and cytokine expressions in murine splenocytes. BMB Rep 2007; 39:662-70. [PMID: 17129400 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2006.39.6.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that an extract of European mistletoe has a variety of biological effects, such as the stimulation of cytokine production from immune cells, and additional immunoadjuvant activities. While the European mistletoe has been studied intensively, we know less about Korean mistletoe as a therapeutic plant, especially as a possible immunomodulating drug. This study will investigated the effects of Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) on murine splenocytes to investigate whether VCA acts as an immunomodulator, which could lead to improved immune responses in these cells. The results showed that VCA inhibited cell proliferation at higher concentrations (at 1-8 ng/ml) and enhanced cell proliferation at lower concentrations (at 4-32 pg/ml). Further studies were carried out to determine if the proproliferative or anti-proliferative activity exhibited by VCA was correlated with cytokine secretion. Consequently, interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion was decreased in concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated murine splenocytes by VCA (4-64 ng/ml), but there was no change in IL-4 levels. This suggests that VCA has the ability to modulate murine splenocyte proliferation and can possibly act on the balance of Th1/Th2 cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yun Lyu
- Immune Modulation Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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12
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Kim WH, Park WB, Gao B, Jung MH. Critical Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Korean Mistletoe Lectin-Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 66:1383-96. [PMID: 15340045 DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viscum album L. coloratum agglutinin (VCA), isolated from Korean mistletoe, is a strong inducer of apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible are not clear. Here, we show that VCA induces apoptotic killing, as demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, Hoechst 33258 staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and flow cytometry analysis in hepatocarcinoma Hep3B cells. VCA treatment results in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim). Furthermore, treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine reduces ROS induction by VCA, preventing apoptosis in Hep3B cells, indicating that oxidative stress is involved in VCA-mediated cell death. Our results also show rapid changes in mitochondrial transition permeability, Bax translocation, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activity, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase degradation in Hep3B cells occurring in VCA-induced apoptosis. There is much evidence that implicates c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation with apoptosis in a variety of cellular and animal models. In this study, we show that VCA induces JNK phosphorylation, which is abolished with pretreatment with a JNK inhibitor. Moreover, Hep3B cells overexpressing JNK1 or stress-activated protein kinase kinase (SEK1) seem to be more susceptible to cell death from ROS and loss of DeltaPsim induced by VCA, whereas expression of dominant-negative JNK1 or SEK1 in Hep3B cells do not. These data suggest that JNK phosphorylation may be a major regulator involved in VCA-induced apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that VCA induces apoptosis by inducing ROS production and a loss of DeltaPsim, in which JNK phosphorylation plays a critical role in these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Metabolic Disease, Department of Biomedical Science, National Institutes of Health, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Mishra V, Sharma RS, Yadav S, Babu CR, Singh TP. Purification and characterization of four isoforms of Himalayan mistletoe ribosome-inactivating protein from Viscum album having unique sugar affinity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 423:288-301. [PMID: 15001393 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins having antitumor and immunomodulatory properties constitute the active principle of widely used mistletoe therapy in Europe. This is the first report of the four isoforms of Himalayan mistletoe ribosome-inactivating proteins (HmRips) from Viscum album parasitized on wild apple inhabiting NW Himalayas. HmRips were purified by affinity chromatography and four isoforms were separated by ion-exchange chromatography. HmRip 1, 2, 3, and 4 have isoelectric points of 6.6, 6.1, 5.2, and 4.7, respectively. Disulfide linked toxin and lectin subunits of HmRip 1 and 2 isoforms have molecular weights of 28 and 34kDa while those of HmRip 3 and 4 have 28 and 32kDa. The isoforms lacked blood group specificity and showed positive activity with seven mammalian erythrocyte types but did not show any activity with avian erythrocyte type. Lectin activity of HmRips remained unchanged for a wide range of temperatures (0-65 degrees C) and pH (3-9). Unlike other type II Rips, the HmRip 1, 2, and 4 showed unique affinity towards l-rhamnose, meso-inositol, and l-arabinose while HmRip 3 has specificity to gal/galNAc. Sugar binding studies with 22 sugars also suggested that the C-4 hydroxyl of galactose might be the critical site involved in sugar binding of HmRips. Type II Rips are known to be galactoside specific and do not have affinity for l-rhamnose and meso-inositol. However, HmRip 1, 2, and 4 having equal affinity for galactose and l-rhamnose do not strictly fit into any of the four structural classes of the lectins and represent a new class of type II Rips and plant lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mishra
- Department of Botay, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
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14
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Lyu SY, Kwon YJ, Joo HJ, Park WB. Preparation of alginate/chitosan microcapsules and enteric coated granules of mistletoe lectin. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:118-26. [PMID: 14969350 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous extract of European mistletoe (Viscum album, L.) has been used in cancer therapy. The purified mistletoe lectins, main components of mistletoe, have demonstrated cytotoxic and immune-system-stimulating activities. Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L. coloratum), a subspecies of European mistletoe, has also been reported to possess anticancer and immunological activities. A galactose- and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin (Viscum album L. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) with Mr 60 kDa was isolated from Korean mistletoe. Mistletoe preparations have been given subcutaneously due to the low stability of lectin in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the present study, we investigated the possibility of alginate/chitosan microcapsules as a tool for oral delivery of mistletoe lectin. In addition, our strategy has been to develop a system composed of stabilizing cores (granules), which contain mistletoe lectin, extract or powder, coated by a biodegradable polymer wall. Our results indicated that successful incorporation of VCA into alginate/chitosan microcapsules has been achieved and that the alginate/chitosan microcapsule protected the VCA from degradation at acidic pH values. And coating the VCA with polyacrylic polymers, Eudragit, produced outstanding results with ideal release profiles and only minimal losses of cytotoxicity after manufacturing step. The granules prepared with extract or whole plant produced the best results due to the stability in the extract or whole plant during manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yun Lyu
- College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Womens University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
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16
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Lyu SY, Choi SH, Park WB. Korean mistletoe lectin-induced apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells is associated with inhibition of telomerase via mitochondrial controlled pathway independent of p53. Arch Pharm Res 2002; 25:93-101. [PMID: 11885700 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extract of European mistletoe (Viscum album, L) has been used in adjuvant chemotherapy of cancer and mistletoe lectins are considered to be major active components. The present work was performed to investigate the effects of Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma cells as well as the underlying mechamisms for these effects. We showed that VCA induced apoptosis in both SK-Hep-1 (p53-positive) and Hep 3B (p53-negative) cells through p53- and p21-independent pathways. VCA induced apoptosis by down-regulation of Bcl-2 and by up-regulation of Bax functioning upstream of caspase-3 in both cell lines. In addition, we observed down-regulation of telomerase activity in both VCA-treated cells. Our results provide direct evidence of the anti-tumor potential of this biological response which comes from inhibition of telomerase and consequent inducing apoptosis. VCA-induced apoptosis is regulated by mitochondrial controlled pathway independently of p53. These findings are important for the therapy with preparation of mistletoe because they show that telomerase-dependent mechanism can be targeted by VCA in human hepatocarcinoma. Taken together, our results suggest that the VCA, considered as a telomerase-inhibitor, can be envisaged as a candidate for enhancing sensitivity of conventional anticancer drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Caspase 3
- Caspase Inhibitors
- Cell Nucleus/pathology
- Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure
- DNA Fragmentation/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Genes, bcl-2/drug effects
- Genes, bcl-2/genetics
- Genes, p53/drug effects
- Humans
- Korea
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry
- Neoplasm Proteins/isolation & purification
- Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/genetics
- Plant Preparations
- Plant Proteins
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2
- Telomerase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Toxins, Biological/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yun Lyu
- College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Park WB, Lyu SY, Kim JH, Choi SH, Chung HK, Ahn SH, Hong SY, Yoon TJ, Choi MJ. Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by Korean mistletoe lectin is associated with apoptosis and antiangiogenesis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2001; 16:439-47. [PMID: 11776761 DOI: 10.1089/108497801753354348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mistletoe lectins are major active components in the extract of European mistletoes that have been widely used in adjuvant chemotherapy of cancer. This study was performed to investigate the mechanism of anticancer and antimetastatic activity of the purified Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. coloratum agglutinin, VCA). C57BL6 mice inoculated with B16-BL6 melanoma cells and treated with VCA were assessed for survival and metastasis. The induction of apoptosis of B16-BL6 cells by VCA was investigated by morphological changes, DNA fragmentation characteristics, and cell cycle analysis. The antiangiogenic activity of VCA was also measured by the CAM (choriallantoic membrane) assay. Length of survival of mice was increased and lung metastasis was inhibited by VCA. Treatment of cells with VCA resulted in growth suppression, nuclear morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, and an increased fraction of cells in sub-G1 consistent with apoptosis. Antiangiogenesis of VCA was assessed by CAM assay, where vessel growth induced by fat emulsion was decreased. These results suggest that VCA inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by increasing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Allantois/blood supply
- Allantois/drug effects
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Chick Embryo
- Chorion/blood supply
- Chorion/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Plant Preparations
- Plant Proteins
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2
- Toxins, Biological/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Park
- College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea.
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18
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Lyu SY, Park SM, Choung BY, Park WB. Comparative study of Korean (Viscum album var. coloratum) and European mistletoes (Viscum album). Arch Pharm Res 2000; 23:592-8. [PMID: 11156181 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A lectin (agglutinin, VCA) from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L. coloratum) was isolated by affinity chromatograpy on a asialofetuin-Sepharose 4B. The molecular weights of A- and B-chains of VCA were differenf from those of VAAS. The VCA recognized the antibody of VAAs in the Western blot analysis and ELLA system. We also investigated the synergistic effects of the components in mistletoe by dividing the extract into different molecular weight fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lyu
- College of Pharmacy, Sook-Myung Womens University, Seoul, Korea
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