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Khalil AAK, Park WS, Lee J, Kim HJ, Akter KM, Goo YM, Bae JY, Chun MS, Kim JH, Ahn MJ. A new anti-Helicobacter pylori juglone from Reynoutria japonica. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:505-511. [PMID: 31073878 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 70% ethanol extract from the root portion of Reynoutria japonica afforded one new and three known juglone derivatives, namely, 2-methoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyljuglone (1), 2-ethoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyljuglone (2), 2-methoxy-7-acetonyljuglone (3), and 3-acetyl-7-methoxy-2-methyljuglone (4) together with two phenolics (5 and 6), an anthraquinone (7), a stilbene (8) and a phthalide (9). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic studies including IR, MS, and 1H, 13C, 2D NMR spectra. Compound 3 is a new compound in nature, and compounds 4-6 have been isolated for the first time from R. japonica. The isolates were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against three strains (43504, 51, and 26695) of Helicobacter pylori. The four isolated juglone derivatives (1-4) showed potent growth inhibitory activity. Among them, compounds 1-3 exhibited stronger inhibitory activity than those of the positive controls, juglone and metronidazole, for the three strains and that of another reference, clarithromycin, for the 43504 and 51 strains. Specifically, the new juglone compound 3 displayed the most potent antibacterial activity against all three strains, 43504, 51, and 26695, with MIC values of 0.06, 0.06 and 0.13 μM, respectively, and MIC50 values of 0.14, 0.11 and 0.15 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jeehoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Kazi-Marjahan Akter
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Goo
- Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-aging Institute, Sancheong, Gyeongnam, 52215, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeong Bae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Man-Seog Chun
- Korea Science Academy of KAIST, Busan, 47162, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52727, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea.
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He Y, Ding C, Wang X, Wang H, Suo Y. Using Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Countercurrent Chromatographic Separation of Polyphenol Compounds from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seeds. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.864981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng He
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , P. R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Ding
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , P. R. China
| | - Honglun Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , P. R. China
| | - Yourui Suo
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , P. R. China
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Two-dimensional preparative liquid chromatography system for preparative separation of minor amount components from complicated natural products. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 820:176-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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He Y, Lv H, Wang X, Suo Y, Wang H. Isolation and Purification of Six Bioactive Compounds from the Seeds ofTrigonella foenum-graecumL. using High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.836229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Desoxyrhapontigenin, a potent anti-inflammatory phytochemical, inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses via suppressing NF-κB and MAPK pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 18:182-90. [PMID: 24295651 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of a stilbene compound, desoxyrhapontigenin, which was isolated from Rheum undulatum. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of this compound, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of six stilbene derivatives. The results indicated that compared with other stilbene compounds, desoxyrhapontigenin (at 10, 30 and 50μM concentrations) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of desoxyrhapontigenin was investigated in detail. The results of this investigation demonstrated that desoxyrhapontigenin suppressed not only LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions, including the secretions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but also PGE2 release. As assayed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), desoxyrhapontigenin also produced the dose-dependent inhibition of the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Moreover, desoxyrhapontigenin inhibited the protein expression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), IκB kinase (IKK) phosphorylation and the degradation of IκBα. Activations of p-JNK1 and p-Akt were also significantly inhibited, and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK was down-regulated. A further study revealed that desoxyrhapontigenin (5 and 25mg/kg, i.p.) reduced paw swelling in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model in vivo. On the whole, these results indicate that desoxyrhapontigenin showed anti-inflammatory properties by the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression via the down-regulation of the MAPK signaling pathways and the inhibition of NF-κB and Akt activation.
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Zhao XH, Han F, Li YL, Yue HL. Preparative isolation and purification of three stilbene glycosides from the tibetan medicinal plant Rheum tanguticum maxim. Ex Balf. by high-speed counter-current chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:171-175. [PMID: 22936596 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stilbene glycosides are the primary constituents of Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf., to which different bioactivities has been attributed, including: anti-HIV, anti-oxidant, anti-tumour, anti-malarial, and anti-allergy activity. However, effective methods for the isolation and purification of stilbene glycosides, such as trans-rhapontin, cis-rhapontin and trans-desoxyrhaponticin, from this herb are not currently available. OBJECTIVE To develop an efficient method for the preparative isolation and purification of three stilbene glycosides from Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. via high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). METHODS A solvent system composed of chloroform:n-butanol:methanol:water (4:1:3:2, v/v/v/v) was developed for the separation. The upper phase was used as the stationary phase, and the lower phase was used as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.8 mL/min. The apparatus was controlled at 800 rpm and 25 °C, and the effluent was monitored at 280 nm. Chemical constituents were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their structures were identified by ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR. RESULTS Under the optimised conditions, 25.5 mg trans-rhapontin, 16.0 mg cis-rhapontin and 20.5 mg trans-desoxyrhaponticin were separated from 80 mg crude sample; the isolates had purities of 99.6, 97.2 and 99.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION A simple and efficient HSCCC method has been optimised for the preparative separation of stilbene glycosides from Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China.
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Iwakiri T, Imai H, Hamada H, Nakayama T, Ozaki SI. Synthesis of 3,5,3′, 4′-Tetrahydroxy- trans-stilbene4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside by Glucosyltransferases from Phytolacca americana. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two glucosyltransferase isozymes from Phytolacca americana, PaGT3 and PaGT2, catalyzed stereo- and regio-selective monoglucosylation of 3,5,3′,4′- tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene to yield 3,5,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Iwakiri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroya Imai
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Sciences, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-005, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hamada
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Sciences, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-005, Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ozaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Wang X, Wang H, Ding C, Suo Y. One-step preparative separation of two polyhydroxystilbenes from Rheum likiangense Sam. by high-speed counter-current chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:684-8. [PMID: 22585637 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The official rhubarb species have frequently been investigated for their hydroxyanthraquinone components and associated pharmacological properties. However, other unofficial rhubarb species were rarely studied until polyhydroxystilbenes (PHS), which commonly occur in the unofficial rhubarb, revealed a range of potential bioactivities. Hence, there has been increasing interest in the efficient preparation of high-purity PHS for pharmacological and clinical trials. OBJECTIVE To develop a suitable method for large-scale preparative separation of PHS from the rhizome of Rheum likiangense Sam. by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). RESULTS Two PHS compounds were isolated successfully within 440 min using a solvent system consisting of methanol:n-butanol:chloroform:water (2:0.5:3:3, v/v/v/v). Eighty-four milligrams of desoxyrhaponticin with 98.2% purity and 148 mg of rhaponticin with 95.3% purity were respectively yielded from 1.5 g of crude extract in the single, one-step operation. CONCLUSION An optimised HSCCC method has been established for large-scale preparative separation of PHS compounds from Rheum likiangense Sam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, PR China
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Püssa T, Raudsepp P, Kuzina K, Raal A. Polyphenolic composition of roots and petioles of Rheum rhaponticum L. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2009; 20:98-103. [PMID: 18979462 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various species of the genus Rheum (Polygonaceae) are known for their high content of medicinally important hydroxyanthraquinones. However, little information is available concerning the polyphenolic composition of garden or dietary rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum L. (R. rhaponticum). OBJECTIVE Determination of further polyphenols in the roots and petioles of R. rhaponticum. METHODOLOGY The dried plant material was extracted with 10-fold excess (v/w) of methanol and subsequently diluted five times with methanol-water (1:1) and analysed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using tandem UV-photodiode array and mass selective detection (RP-HPLC-UV-ESI/MS(2)). Polyphenols were identified using either HPLC-ESI/MS(2) data obtained for respective commercial standards or by comparison of a parent ion fragmentation picture with the respective MS(2 )spectrum from the literature. RESULTS The roots of R. rhaponticum were very rich in various hydroxystilbenes and contained four main substance groups--derivatives of trans-piceatannol, trans-resveratrol, trans-rhapontigenin and trans-deoxyrhapontigenin. Additionally, pterostilbene acetylglucosides and a number of hydroxyanthraquinones and their glycosides were identified in the root samples. The profile of polyphenols in the petioles of R. rhaponticum was similar to that of the roots but the content of individual substances was remarkably lower. The petioles of the R. rhaponticum additionally contained significant amounts of derivatives of flavonol quercetin, which is a good antioxidant. CONCLUSION The study has shown that roots of R. rhaponticum contain a wide variety of hydroxystilbenes and deserve further consideration as a source of medicinally interesting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonu Püssa
- Department of Food Science and Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 58A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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Xiao K, Zhang HJ, Xuan LJ, Zhang J, Xu YM, Bai DL. Stilbenoids: Chemistry and bioactivities. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART N) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(08)80032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang R, Kang KA, Piao MJ, Lee KH, Jang HS, Park MJ, Kim BJ, Kim JS, Kim YS, Ryu SY, Hyun JW. Rhapontigenin from Rheum undulatum protects against oxidative-stress-induced cell damage through antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2007; 70:1155-66. [PMID: 17558811 DOI: 10.1080/15287390701252766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of rhapontigenin and rhaponticin isolated from Rheum undulatum were investigated. Rhapontigenin was found to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The radical scavenging effect of rhapontigenin was more effective than rhaponticin. Rhapontigenin protected against H2O2-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and cellular DNA damage, which are the main targets of oxidative stress-induced cellular damage. The radical scavenging activity of rhapontigenin protected Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells exposed to H2O2 by inhibiting apoptosis. Rhapontigenin inhibited cell damage induced by serum starvation and was also found to increase the activity of catalase and its protein expression. Further, rhapontigenin increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and inhibited the activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1), a redox-sensitive transcription factor. In summary, these results suggest that rhapontigenin protects V79-4 cells against oxidative damage by enhancing the cellular antioxidant activity and modulating cellular signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Cheju National University, Jeju-si, Korea
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Song JH, Yang TC, Chang KW, Han SK, Yi HK, Jeon JG. In vitro anti-cariogenic activity of dichloromethane fraction from Rheum undulatum L. root. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:490-6. [PMID: 16833017 DOI: 10.1007/bf02969422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro effects of Rheum undulatum L. root on the development of dental caries, especially its effects on viability, dental plaque formation, and glycolytic acid production of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Methanol extract of Rheum undulatum L. root and its fractions were prepared and tested. Among the test extract and fractions, dichloromethane fraction (DF) showed the most active antibacterial activity (inhibition zone: 13-17 mm) against S. mutans and S. sobrinus in a disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of DF against these bacteria ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, DF significantly inhibited the caries-inducing factors of these bacteria. At sub-MIC levels, DF inhibited in vitro dental plaque formation by S. mutans and S. sobrinus (IC50= 0.079 and 0.142 mg/mL, respectively), which was caused, in part, by the inhibitory effect on the activity of glucosyltransferases. A significant reduction of glycolytic acid production was found at the concentration as low as 0.032 mg/mL for S. mutans and 0.063 mg/mL for S. sobrinus. The possible bioactive compounds that are inducing in vitro anti-cariogenic activity of DF are unknown. Based on the preliminary phytochemical analysis, the activity of DF may be related to the presence of anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarines, sterols/terpenes, and phenolics. These results indicate that DF is probably useful for the control of dental plaque formation and subsequent dental caries development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Song
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Park EK, Choo MK, Yoon HK, Kim DH. Antithrombotic and antiallergic activities of rhaponticin from Rhei Rhizoma are activated by human intestinal bacteria. Arch Pharm Res 2002; 25:528-33. [PMID: 12214867 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the antithrombotic and antiallergic properties of rhaponticin extracted from Rhei Rhizoma, the in vitro and ex vivo inhibitory activities of rhaponticin and its metabolite, rhapontigenin, were measured. These compounds inhibited in vitro ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Rhapontigenin was more potent, with IC50 values of 4 and 70 microg/ml, respectively. In ex vivo ADP- and collagen-induced rat platelet aggregation, these compounds also exhibited a potent inhibitory effect. The antiplatelet aggregation effects of rhaponticin and rhapontigenin were more potent than those of aspirin. Rhapontigenin showed significant protection from death due to pulmonary thrombosis in mice. Rhapontigenin also showed the strongest inhibitory activity against beta-hexosaminidase release induced by DNP-BSA. These compounds inhibited PCA reaction in mice. Rhapontigenin intraperitoneally administered showed the strongest inhibitory activity and significantly inhibited PCA at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, with inhibitory activities of 48 and 85%, respectively. The inhibitory activity of orally administered rhaponticin was stronger than that of intraperitoneally administered rhaponticin. These results suggest that rhaponticin, in the rhizome of Rhei Rhizoma, is a prodrug that has extensive antiallergic and antithrombotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul, Korea
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Matsuda H, Tomohiro N, Hiraba K, Harima S, Ko S, Matsuo K, Yoshikawa M, Kubo M. Study on anti-Oketsu activity of rhubarb II. Anti-allergic effects of stilbene components from Rhei undulati Rhizoma (dried rhizome of Rheum undulatum cultivated in Korea). Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:264-7. [PMID: 11256482 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methanol extract (RM-ext) obtained from the dried rhizome of Rheum undulatum was screened for activity in experimental models of type I allergy. RM-ext exhibited the inhibition on 48-h homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats and an antigen-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Among nine stilbenes isolated from RM-ext, seven inhibited the histamine release. Rhapontigenin (compound 1), piceatannol (2) and piceatannol 3'-beta-D-glycoside (6) with oral administration showed the inhibition on PCA. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the inhibitory effect on sheep red blood cell-induced delayed-type hyper sensitivity (SRBC-DTH) of type IV allergic model. These results indicated that the rhizome of Rheum undulatum inhibits the allergic reactions and that these inhibitory effects may be partially attributable to the stilbenes mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan.
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