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Wu X, Ge J, Song G, Liu Y, Gao P, Tian T, Li X, Xu J, Chu Y, Zheng F. The GE296_RS03820 and GE296_RS03830 genes are involved in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in Riemerella anatipestifer. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23763. [PMID: 38954404 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302694rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is a pathogenic bacterium that causes duck serositis and meningitis, leading to significant harm to the duck industry. To escape from the host immune system, the meningitis-causing bacteria must survive and multiply in the bloodstream, relying on specific virulence factors such as capsules. Therefore, it is essential to study the genes involved in capsule biosynthesis in R. anatipestifer. In this study, we successfully constructed gene deletion mutants Δ3820 and Δ3830, targeting the GE296_RS03820 and GE296_RS03830 genes, respectively, using the RA-LZ01 strain as the parental strain. The growth kinetics analysis revealed that these two genes contribute to bacterial growth. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and silver staining showed that Δ3820 and Δ3830 produced the altered capsules and compounds of capsular polysaccharides (CPSs). Serum resistance test showed the mutants also exhibited reduced C3b deposition and decreased resistance serum killing. In vivo, Δ3820 and Δ3830 exhibited markedly declining capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, compared to RA-LZ01. These findings indicate that the GE296_RS03820 and GE296_RS03830 genes are involved in CPSs biosynthesis and play a key role in the pathogenicity of R. anatipestifer. Furthermore, Δ3820 and Δ3830 mutants presented a tendency toward higher survival rates from RA-LZ01 challenge in vivo. Additionally, sera from ducklings immunized with the mutants showed cross-immunoreactivity with different serotypes of R. anatipestifer, including 1, 2, 7 and 10. Western blot and SDS-PAGE assays revealed that the altered CPSs of Δ3820 and Δ3830 resulted in the exposure of some conserved proteins playing the key role in the cross-immunoreactivity. Our study clearly demonstrated that the GE296_RS03820 and GE296_RS03830 genes are involved in CPS biosynthesis in R. anatipestifer and the capsule is a target for attenuation in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiazhen Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guodong Song
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yijian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fuying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Xu J, Dou L, Liu S, Su L, Yin X, Ren J, Hu H, Zhang D, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang J. Lateral flow immunoassay for furazolidone point-of-care testing: Cater to the call of saving time, labor, and cost by coomassie brilliant blue labeling. Food Chem 2021; 352:129415. [PMID: 33711728 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Furazolidone (FZD) and its metabolite called 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) would induce carcinogenic and mutagenic effects to human. In this work, to develop a novel, stable, and simple point of care testing (POCT) with a potential to social applied for FZD detection, we utilized the aspect of protein staining of coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) to exploit a new CBB-LFIA strategy free of NPs. Only one mixing step is needed during the probe manufacturing process, which requires just 2 h and is a great time saving strategy compared with other methods (requiring 4-33 h for probe preparation). Besides, the cost of CBB-LFIA is 300 times lesser than other LFIA with respect to obtaining the label. The developed CBB-LFIA was successfully applied to detect AOZ with a detection limit of 2 ng mL-1, without any influence from other potential interfering compounds. The proposed CBB-LFIA exhibited prominent practical application, and possesses considerable utilization potential in the related field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Leina Dou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sijie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuechi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Huilan Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Daohong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23Xinning Road, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China.
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Krause RG, Goldring JD. Crystal violet stains proteins in SDS-PAGE gels and zymograms. Anal Biochem 2019; 566:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang J, Yang X, Ye X, Lin J. Destaining of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250-stained polyacrylamide gels with fungal laccase. Anal Biochem 2015; 493:27-9. [PMID: 26475566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-based method for destaining polyacrylamide gels stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 is described. Distilled water supplemented with diluted fermentation broth of a laccase-producing white-rot fungus, Cerrena sp., was used for gel destaining, and a clear gel background was obtained in 2 h at 37 °C. Sensitivity of protein detection was 10 ng. The method did not require organic solvents or changing the destaining solution. Due to simultaneous gel destaining and dye decolorization, the colorless destaining solution can be disposed of directly. Laccase destaining of polyacrylamide gels was simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
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Smejkal GB. The Coomassie chronicles: past, present and future perspectives in polyacrylamide gel staining. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 1:381-7. [PMID: 15966833 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.1.4.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liao JL, Huang YJ. Evaluation of protocols used in 2-d electrophoresis for proteome analysis of young rice caryopsis. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2012; 9:229-37. [PMID: 22289479 PMCID: PMC5054159 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(11)60026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain a high-resolution electrophorogram of rice young panicle proteome, we evaluated various protocols commonly used in two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of proteins, including gel staining protocol, pH range of immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips and sample loading quantity. Results showed that a silver staining protocol using sensitized solution containing glacial acetic acid, sodium acetate and sodium thiosulfate (reported by Heukeshoven and Dernick in 1988) and a Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining method using solution containing G-250, ammonium sulfate and phosphoric acid (reported by Pink et al. in 2010) demonstrated the superior staining effect. In addition, we also showed that higher resolution was achieved when IPG gel strip with pH range of 5-8 was used, compared to that with pH range of 4-7. Finally, the optimal loading quantity was determined as 130 µg using the 17 cm-long nonlinear IPG strip with pH 5-8 in combination with the silver nitrate staining protocol. The evaluated results would be helpful in proteome analysis of young rice caryopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Lin Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Simple, time-saving dye staining of proteins for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using Coomassie blue. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22394. [PMID: 21850222 PMCID: PMC3151240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A fixation-free and fast protein-staining method for sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using Coomassie blue is described. The protocol comprises staining and quick washing steps, which can be completed in 0.5 h. It has a sensitivity of 10 ng, comparable with that of conventional Coomassie Brilliant Blue G staining with phosphoric acid in the staining solution. In addition, the dye stain does not contain any amount of acid and methanol, such as phosphoric acid. Considering the speed, simplicity, and low cost, the dye stain may be of more practical value than other dye-based protein stains in routine proteomic research.
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Gauci VJ, Wright EP, Coorssen JR. Quantitative proteomics: assessing the spectrum of in-gel protein detection methods. J Chem Biol 2011; 4:3-29. [PMID: 21686332 PMCID: PMC3022124 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-010-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics research relies heavily on visualization methods for detection of proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Commonly used staining approaches involve colorimetric dyes such as Coomassie Brilliant Blue, fluorescent dyes including Sypro Ruby, newly developed reactive fluorophores, as well as a plethora of others. The most desired characteristic in selecting one stain over another is sensitivity, but this is far from the only important parameter. This review evaluates protein detection methods in terms of their quantitative attributes, including limit of detection (i.e., sensitivity), linear dynamic range, inter-protein variability, capacity for spot detection after 2D gel electrophoresis, and compatibility with subsequent mass spectrometric analyses. Unfortunately, many of these quantitative criteria are not routinely or consistently addressed by most of the studies published to date. We would urge more rigorous routine characterization of stains and detection methodologies as a critical approach to systematically improving these critically important tools for quantitative proteomics. In addition, substantial improvements in detection technology, particularly over the last decade or so, emphasize the need to consider renewed characterization of existing stains; the quantitative stains we need, or at least the chemistries required for their future development, may well already exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J. Gauci
- Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 1797 Australia
| | - Elise P. Wright
- Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 1797 Australia
| | - Jens R. Coorssen
- Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 1797 Australia
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Cong WT, Hwang SY, Jin LT, Choi JK. Improved conditions for fluorescent staining of proteins with 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid in SDS-PAGE. Electrophoresis 2009; 29:4487-94. [PMID: 19035403 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive fluorescent staining method for the detection of proteins in SDS-PAGE, namely IB (improved 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid) stain, is described. Non-covalent hydrophobic probe 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid was applied as a fluorescent dye, which can bind to hydrophobic sites in proteins non-specifically. As low as 1 ng of protein band can be detected briefly by 30 min washing followed by 15 min staining without the aiding of stop or destaining step. The sensitivity of the new presented protocol is similar to that of SYPRO Ruby, which has been widely accepted in proteomic research. Comparative analysis of the MS compatibility of IB stain and SYPRO Ruby stain allowed us to address that IB stain is compatible with the downstream of protein identification by PMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Cong
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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