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The Importance of Addressing Early-Life Environmental Exposures in Cancer Epidemiology. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2022; 9:49-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-022-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Alarcón S, Esteban J, Roos R, Heikkinen P, Sánchez-Pérez I, Adamsson A, Toppari J, Koskela A, Finnilä MAJ, Tuukkanen J, Herlin M, Hamscher G, Leslie HA, Korkalainen M, Halldin K, Schrenk D, Håkansson H, Viluksela M. Endocrine, metabolic and apical effects of in utero and lactational exposure to non-dioxin-like 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB 180): A postnatal follow-up study in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 102:109-127. [PMID: 33992733 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PCB 180 is a persistent and abundant non-dioxin-like PCB (NDL-PCB). We determined the developmental toxicity profile of ultrapure PCB 180 in developing offspring following in utero and lactational exposure with the focus on endocrine, metabolic and retinoid system alterations. Pregnant rats were given total doses of 0, 10, 30, 100, 300 or 1000 mg PCB 180/kg bw on gestational days 7-10 by oral gavage, and the offspring were sampled on postnatal days (PND) 7, 35 and 84. Decreased serum testosterone and triiodothyronine concentrations on PND 84, altered liver retinoid levels, increased liver weights and induced 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity were the sensitive effects used for margin of exposure (MoE) calculations. Liver weights were increased together with induction of the metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B1, CYP3A1, and CYP1A1. Less sensitive effects included decreased serum estradiol and increased luteinizing hormone levels in females, decreased prostate and seminal vesicle weight and increased pituitary weight in males, increased cortical bone area and thickness of tibial diaphysis in females and decreased cortical bone mineral density in males. Developmental toxicity profiles were partly different in male and female offspring, males being more sensitive to increased liver weight, PROD induction and decreased thyroxine concentrations. MoE assessment indicated that the 95th percentile of current maternal PCB 180 concentrations do not exceed the estimated tolerable human lipid-based PCB 180 concentration. Although PCB 180 is much less potent than dioxin-like compounds, it shares several toxicological targets suggesting a potential for interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alarcón
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Esteban
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain.
| | - Robert Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi Heikkinen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, FI-70701, Finland
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Annika Adamsson
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Antti Koskela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Herlin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, D-35392, Germany
| | - Heather A Leslie
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, NL-1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, FI-70701, Finland
| | - Krister Halldin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dieter Schrenk
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Germany
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Viluksela
- School of Pharmacy (Toxicology), Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Deygas F, Amadou A, Coudon T, Grassot L, Couvidat F, Bessagnet B, Faure E, Salizzoni P, Gulliver J, Caudeville J, Severi G, Mancini FR, Leffondré K, Fervers B, Praud D. Long-term atmospheric exposure to PCB153 and breast cancer risk in a case-control study nested in the French E3N cohort from 1990 to 2011. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110743. [PMID: 33450235 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the genetic and hormonal risk factors of breast cancer are well identified, they cannot fully explain the occurrence of all cases. Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that exposure to environmental pollutants, especially those with potential estrogenic properties, as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may have a role in breast cancer development. Being the most abundantly detected in human tissues and in the environment, congener 153 (PCB153) is widely used in epidemiological studies as indicator for total PCBs exposure. OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the association between cumulative atmospheric exposure to PCB153 and breast cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 5222 cases and 5222 matched controls nested within the French E3N cohort from 1990 to 2011. Annual atmospheric PCB153 concentrations were simulated with the deterministic chemistry-transport model (CHIMERE) and were assigned to women using their geocoded residential history. Their cumulative PCB153 exposure was calculated for each woman from their cohort inclusion to their index date. Breast cancer odds ratios (ORs) associated with cumulative PCB153 exposure and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using multivariate conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Overall, our results showed a statistically significant linear increase in breast cancer risk related to cumulative atmospheric exposure to PCB153 as a continuous variable (adjusted OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.31, for an increment of one standard deviation among controls (55 pg/m3)). Among women who became postmenopausal during follow-up, the association remained statistically significant (adjusted OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09-1.39). In analyses by hormone receptors status, the positive association remained significant only for ER-positive breast cancer (adjusted OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05-1.33). DISCUSSION This study is the first to have estimated the impact of atmospheric exposure to PCB153 on breast cancer risk. Our results showed a statistically significant increase in breast cancer risk, which may be limited to ER-positive breast cancer. These results warrant confirmation in further independent studies but raise the possibility that exposure to PCB153 increase breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Deygas
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Amina Amadou
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Coudon
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Ecole Centrale de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecully, France
| | - Lény Grassot
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Florian Couvidat
- National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Bertrand Bessagnet
- National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Citepa, Technical Reference Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Faure
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team "Exposome and Heredity", Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pietro Salizzoni
- Ecole Centrale de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecully, France
| | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Caudeville
- National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team "Exposome and Heredity", Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team "Exposome and Heredity", Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Karen Leffondré
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Delphine Praud
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Brureau L, Emeville E, Helissey C, Thome JP, Multigner L, Blanchet P. Endocrine disrupting-chemicals and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after prostatectomy: A cohort study in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Int J Cancer 2019; 146:657-663. [PMID: 30892691 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that exposure to environmental chemicals with hormonal properties, also called endocrine disrupting chemicals, may be involved in the occurrence of prostate cancer (PCa). Such exposure may also influence the treatment outcome as it is still present at the time of diagnosis, the beginning of therapy, and beyond. We followed 326 men in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) who underwent radical prostatectomy as primary treatment of localized PCa. We analyzed the relationship between exposure to the estrogenic chlordecone, the antiandrogenic dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE, the main metabolite of the insecticide DDT), and the nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB-153) with mixed estrogenic/antiestrogenic properties and the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after surgery. After a median follow-up of 6.1 years after surgery, we found a significant increase in the risk of BCR, with increasing plasma chlordecone concentration (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.39-4.56 for the highest vs. lowest quartile of exposure; p trend = 0.002). We found no associations for DDE or PCB-135. These results shown that exposure to environmental estrogens may negatively influence the outcome of PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Elise Emeville
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Carole Helissey
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital d'Instruction Militaire Begin, Saint Mandé, France
| | - Jean Pierre Thome
- LEAE-CART (Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie-Centre de Recherche Analytique et Technologique), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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Bachelet D, Verner MA, Neri M, Cordina Duverger É, Charlier C, Arveux P, Haddad S, Guénel P. Breast Cancer and Exposure to Organochlorines in the CECILE Study: Associations with Plasma Levels Measured at the Time of Diagnosis and Estimated during Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020271. [PMID: 30669331 PMCID: PMC6351946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals with hormonal effects, such as organochlorine compounds (OCs), during developmental periods of breast cells may have an impact on the incidence of breast cancer later in life. However, the assessment of exposure to these chemicals that occurred in early life at the time of breast cancer development in adult women is a difficult challenge in epidemiological studies. Plasma levels of the OCs p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB153) were measured in 695 cases and 1055 controls of a population-based case-control study conducted in France (CECILE study). Based on these values, we used a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to estimate PCB153 levels at age 11⁻20 years when the women were adolescents. Overall, there was no clear association between breast cancer risk and measured levels of DDE and PCB153 at the time of diagnosis, but there was a trend of decreasing odds ratios of breast cancer with increasing DDE and PCB153 levels in women aged 50 years and over. The PBPK model revealed that PCB153 concentrations estimated during adolescence were highest in the youngest women born after 1960 who reached adolescence at a time when environmental contamination was maximum, and very low in the oldest women who attained adolescence before the contamination peak. Negative associations between breast cancer and PCB153 estimates during adolescence were also found. The negative associations between DDE and PCB153 levels measured at the time of diagnosis or estimated during adolescence in our study were unexplained. Further investigations are needed to clarify whether this finding is real or related to study artifacts. However, this study suggests that using PBPK models in epidemiological studies to back-estimate OC exposures during early life stages may be useful to address critical questions on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Bachelet
- Inserm U 1018, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Marc-André Verner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Monica Neri
- Inserm U 1018, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Émilie Cordina Duverger
- Inserm U 1018, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Department of Toxicology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman University Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Arveux
- Department of Medical Information, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Sami Haddad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm U 1018, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France.
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Petersen K, Hultman MT, Bytingsvik J, Harju M, Evenset A, Tollefsen KE. Characterizing cytotoxic and estrogenic activity of Arctic char tissue extracts in primary Arctic char hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1017-1030. [PMID: 28862540 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1357277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants from various anthropogenic activities are detected in the Arctic due to long-range atmospheric transport, ocean currents, and living organisms such as migrating fish or seabirds. Although levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic fish are generally low, local hot spots of contamination were found in freshwater systems such as Lake Ellasjøen at Bjørnøya (Bear Island, Norway). Higher concentrations of organic halogenated compounds (OHC), and higher levels of cytochrome P450 and DNA-double strand breaks were reported in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from this lake compared to fish from other lakes on Bjørnøya. Although several of the measured contaminants are potential endocrine disrupters, few studies have investigated potential endocrine disruptive effects of the contaminant cocktail in this fish population. The aim of this study was to compare acutely toxic and estrogenic potency of the cocktail of pollutants as evidenced by cytotoxic and/or estrogenic effects in vitro using extracts of Arctic char livers from contaminated Lake Ellasjøen with those from less contaminated Lake Laksvatn at Bjørnøya. This was performed by in situ sampling and contaminant extraction from liver tissue, followed by chemical analysis and in vitro testing of the following contaminated tissue extracts: F1-nonpolar OHC, F2-polar pesticides and metabolites of OHC, and F3-polar OHC. Contaminant levels were highest in extracts from Ellasjøen fish. The F2 and F3 extracts from Lake Laksvatn and Lake Ellasjøen fish reduced in vitro cell viability at a concentration ratio of 0.03-1 relative to tissue concentration in Arctic char. Only the F3 liver extract from Ellasjøen fish increased in vitro vitellogenin protein expression. Although compounds such as estrogenic OH-PCBs were quantified in Ellasjøen F3 extracts, it remains to be determined which compounds were inducing estrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Petersen
- a Section of Ecotoxicology , Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Maria T Hultman
- a Section of Ecotoxicology , Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jenny Bytingsvik
- c Department of Arctic R&D , Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Mikael Harju
- b Environmental Chemistry Department , Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Anita Evenset
- c Department of Arctic R&D , Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre , Tromsø , Norway
- d Department of Arctic and Marine Biology , UiT the Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- a Section of Ecotoxicology , Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
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Emeville E, Giusti A, Coumoul X, Thomé JP, Blanchet P, Multigner L. Associations of plasma concentrations of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and polychlorinated biphenyls with prostate cancer: a case-control study in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:317-23. [PMID: 25493337 PMCID: PMC4384204 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to persistent pollutants with hormonal properties (endocrine-disrupting chemicals; EDCs) may contribute to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, epidemiological evidence remains limited. OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between PCa and plasma concentrations of universally widespread pollutants, in particular p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) and the non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB-153). METHODS We evaluated 576 men with newly diagnosed PCa (before treatment) and 655 controls in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Exposure was analyzed according to case-control status. Associations were assessed by unconditional logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding factors. Missing data were handled by multiple imputation. RESULTS We estimated a significant positive association between DDE and PCa [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.30 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of exposure; p trend = 0.01]. PCB-153 was inversely associated with PCa (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.47 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of exposure values; p trend < 0.001). Also, PCB-153 was more strongly associated with low-grade than with high-grade PCa. CONCLUSIONS Associations of PCa with DDE and PCB-153 were in opposite directions. This may reflect differences in the mechanisms of action of these EDCs; and although our findings need to be replicated in other populations, they are consistent with complex effects of EDCs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Emeville
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1085, IRSET, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
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Li X, Ye L, Wang X, Shi W, Liu H, Qian X, Zhu Y, Yu H. In silico investigations of anti-androgen activity of polychlorinated biphenyls. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:795-802. [PMID: 23664479 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have attracted great concern as global environmental pollutants and representative endocrine disruptors. In this work, a molecular model study combining three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was performed to explore the structural requirement for the anti-androgen activities of PCBs and to reveal the binding mode between the PCBs and androgen receptor (AR). The best comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) model, obtained from receptor-based alignment, shows leave-one-out cross-validated correlation coefficient (q(2)) of 0.665 and conventional correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.945. The developed model has a highly predictive ability in both internal and external validation. Furthermore, the interaction mechanisms of PCBs to AR were analyzed by molecular docking and MD simulation. Molecular docking indicated that all the PCBs in the data set docked in a hydrophobic pocket. The Binding free energies calculated by Molecular mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) not only exhibited a good correlation with the experimental activity, but also could explain the activity difference of the studied compounds. The binding free energy decomposition analysis indicates that the van der Waals interaction is the major driving force for the binding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Persistent organochlorine pollutants with endocrine activity and blood steroid hormone levels in middle-aged men. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66460. [PMID: 23785499 PMCID: PMC3681943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies relating long-term exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) with endocrine activities (endocrine disrupting chemicals) on circulating levels of steroid hormones have been limited to a small number of hormones and reported conflicting results. OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, androstenediol, testosterone, free and bioavailable testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone, estrone sulphate, estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone as a function of level of exposure to three POPs known to interfere with hormone-regulated processes in different way: dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 153, and chlordecone. METHODS We collected fasting, morning serum samples from 277 healthy, non obese, middle-aged men from the French West Indies. Steroid hormones were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, except for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, which was determined by immunological assay, as were the concentrations of sex-hormone binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Associations were assessed by multiple linear regression analysis, controlling for confounding factors, in a backward elimination procedure, in multiple bootstrap samples. RESULTS DDE exposure was negatively associated to dihydrotestosterone level and positively associated to luteinizing hormone level. PCB 153 was positively associated to androstenedione and estrone levels. No association was found for chlordecone. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the endocrine response pattern, estimated by determining blood levels of steroid hormones, varies depending on the POPs studied, possibly reflecting differences in the modes of action generally attributed to these compounds. It remains to be investigated whether this response pattern is predictive of the subsequent occurrence of disease.
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Uslu U, Sandal S, Cumbul A, Yildiz S, Aydin M, Yilmaz B. Evaluation of estrogenic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorinated pesticides using immature rat uterotrophic assay. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:476-82. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112472999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides on the serum levels of luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and weights and histomorphometry of uterine tissue in immature female rats using uterotrophic assay. A total of 36 rats were randomly divided into six groups ( n = 6 per group) as control, oestradiol (E2, 100 μg/kg), PCB 180, Aroclor 1221, endosulfan and mirex at 10 mg/kg dosage. After 3 days of injections (subcutaneous), animals were decapitated and blood samples were collected. Uteri were dissected, weighed out and then fixed in 10% formaldehyde. They were processed for histomorphometry. The serum levels of LH and FSH were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Uterine weight was significantly increased by E2 and reduced by mirex ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Total volume of uterus was significantly raised by E2, Aroclor 1221 and endosulfan compared with that of the control group ( p < 0.01). The ratio of epithelium was significantly increased by E2, PCBs and pesticides ( p < 0.01). The uterine cavity ratio was decreased by aroclor ( p < 0.01), PCB 180 and mirex ( p < 0.05). The serum levels of LH did not significantly differ among the groups but the levels of FSH were decreased by PCB 180 and endosulfan ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). These findings suggest that PCB 180, Aroclor 1221 and endosulfan may be estrogenic in immature uterotrophic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Uslu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Sandal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - A. Cumbul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Yildiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M. Aydin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - B. Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kraugerud M, Aleksandersen M, Nyengaard JR, Ostby GC, Gutleb AC, Dahl E, Berg V, Farstad W, Schweder T, Skaare JU, Ropstad E. In utero and lactational exposure to PCB 118 and PCB 153 alter ovarian follicular dynamics and GnRH-induced luteinizing hormone secretion in female lambs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:623-634. [PMID: 21344607 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of in utero and lactational exposure to two structurally different polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners on follicular dynamics and the pituitary-gonadal axis in female lambs were investigated. Pregnant ewes received corn oil, PCB 118, or PCB 153, and offspring was maintained until 60 days postpartum. Ovarian follicles were quantified using stereology. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured using radioimmunoassay before and after administration of a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analog. PCB 118 exposure increased numbers of transitional, secondary, and the sum of secondary, early antral, and antral (Σsecondary-antral) follicles, PCB 153 exposure only increased the number of primary follicles. GnRH-induced LH levels were significantly elevated in the PCB 153 exposure group. We conclude that PCB 153 and PCB 118 alter follicular dynamics in lambs and modulate the responsiveness of the pituitary gland to GnRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Kraugerud
- Department of Production Animal Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Postboks 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: associated disorders and mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 2012:713696. [PMID: 22991565 PMCID: PMC3443608 DOI: 10.1155/2012/713696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and/or prevalence of health problems associated with endocrine-disruption have increased. Many chemicals have endocrine-disrupting properties, including bisphenol A, some organochlorines, polybrominated flame retardants, perfluorinated substances, alkylphenols, phthalates, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, solvents, and some household products including some cleaning products, air fresheners, hair dyes, cosmetics, and sunscreens. Even some metals were shown to have endocrine-disrupting properties. Many observations suggesting that endocrine disruptors do contribute to cancer, diabetes, obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility are listed in this paper. An overview is presented of mechanisms contributing to endocrine disruption. Endocrine disruptors can act through classical nuclear receptors, but also through estrogen-related receptors, membrane-bound estrogen-receptors, and interaction with targets in the cytosol resulting in activation of the Src/Ras/Erk pathway or modulation of nitric oxide. In addition, changes in metabolism of endogenous hormones, cross-talk between genomic and nongenomic pathways, cross talk with estrogen receptors after binding on other receptors, interference with feedback regulation and neuroendocrine cells, changes in DNA methylation or histone modifications, and genomic instability by interference with the spindle figure can play a role. Also it was found that effects of receptor activation can differ in function of the ligand.
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13
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Warner J, Osuch JR, Karmaus W, Landgraf JR, Taffe B, O'Keefe M, Mikucki D, Haan P. Common classification schemes for PCB congeners and the gene expression of CYP17, CYP19, ESR1 and ESR2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 414:81-9. [PMID: 22119029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable techniques to measure polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners make the clearer definition of their effects on human health possible. Given that PCBs are classified as endocrine disrupters, we sought to explore the expression of some key genes involved in sex steroid metabolism. OBJECTIVES To examine common classification schemes of PCB congeners and determine whether exposure to groups classified by mechanism of action alter the gene expression (GE) of CYP17, CYP19, and ESR1 and ESR2. METHODS GE and exposure to various classifications of lipid-adjusted PCB congeners were examined in 139 daughters of the Michigan Fisheaters' Cohort. Using mixed models analyses and adjusting for age, menopausal status, and current use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, GE data were regressed on exposure to PCB congener groupings based on mechanism of action. RESULTS Three novel findings are elucidated: first, that up-regulation of CYP19 expression is associated with exposure to PCB groupings containing dioxin-like, potentially anti-estrogenic, immunotoxic congeners, including PCB IUPAC #74, #105, #118, #138, #156, #157, #158, #167, and #170 from this cohort. Second, that exposure to similar congeners (PCB IUPAC #105, #156, #157, #158, and #167 in this cohort) but using a classification based solely on hormonal mechanisms of action is associated with increased expression of ESR2. Third, that increased expression of CYP17 is of borderline significance when associated with exposure to PCB IUPAC #118, #138, and #156. CONCLUSIONS These findings are both counter-intuitive and intriguing. Rather than exhibiting anti-estrogenic effects alone, they suggest that these congeners up-regulate the major enzyme involved in estrogen synthesis and tend to confirm previous findings of links between AhR and ER signaling pathways. Replication of these findings, expansion of the number of genes examined, exploration of mixtures of environmental chemicals, and subsequent study of health outcomes in a larger cohort are future priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Warner
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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14
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Ferrante M, Mattace Raso G, Esposito E, Bianco G, Iacono A, Clausi M, Amero P, Santoro A, Simeoli R, Autore G, Meli R. Effects of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB 101, PCB 153 and PCB 180) alone or mixed on J774A.1 macrophage cell line: modification of apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Lett 2011; 202:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Prenatal PCBs disrupt early neuroendocrine development of the rat hypothalamus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 252:36-46. [PMID: 21277884 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can interfere with hormone-sensitive developmental processes, including brain sexual differentiation. We hypothesized that disruption of these processes by gestational PCB exposure would be detectable as early as the day after birth (postnatal day (P) 1) through alterations in hypothalamic gene and protein expression. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected twice, once each on gestational days 16 and 18, with one of the following: DMSO vehicle; the industrial PCB mixture Aroclor 1221 (A1221); a reconstituted mixture of the three most prevalent congeners found in humans, PCB138, PCB153, and PCB180; or estradiol benzoate (EB). On P1, litter composition, anogenital distance (AGD), and body weight were assessed. Pups were euthanized for immunohistochemistry of estrogen receptor α (ERα) or TUNEL labeling of apoptotic cells or quantitative PCR of 48 selected genes in the preoptic area (POA). We found that treatment with EB or A1221 had a sex-specific effect on developmental apoptosis in the neonatal anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), a sexually dimorphic hypothalamic region involved in the regulation of reproductive neuroendocrine function. In this region, exposed females had increased numbers of apoptotic nuclei, whereas there was no effect of treatment in males. For ERα, EB treatment increased immunoreactive cell numbers and density in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) of both males and females, while A1221 and the PCB mixture had no effect. PCR analysis of gene expression in the POA identified nine genes that were significantly altered by prenatal EDC exposure, in a manner that varied by sex and treatment. These genes included brain-derived neurotrophic factor, GABA(B) receptors-1 and -2, IGF-1, kisspeptin receptor, NMDA receptor subunits NR2b and NR2c, prodynorphin, and TGFα. Collectively, these results suggest that the disrupted sexual differentiation of the POA by prenatal EDC exposures is already evident as early as the day after birth, effects that may change the trajectory of postnatal development and compromise adult reproductive function.
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16
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Yordy JE, Mollenhauer MAM, Wilson RM, Wells RS, Hohn A, Sweeney J, Schwacke LH, Rowles TK, Kucklick JR, Peden-Adams MM. Complex contaminant exposure in cetaceans: a comparative E-Screen analysis of bottlenose dolphin blubber and mixtures of four persistent organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:2143-2153. [PMID: 20872675 DOI: 10.1002/etc.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cetaceans are federally protected species that are prone to accumulate complex mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which individually may exert estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. In the present study it was assessed whether contaminant mixtures harbored by cetaceans are estrogenic or antiestrogenic using a comparative approach. Interactions of antiestrogenic and estrogenic compounds were first investigated with the E-Screen assay using a mixture of four POPs (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [4,4'-DDE], trans-nonachlor, and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] 138 180) prevalent in cetacean blubber. Estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity was determined for the individual compounds and their binary, tertiary, and quaternary combinations. Significantly different responses were observed for the various POP mixtures, including enhanced estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects and antagonistic interactions. These results were then compared to the concentrations and estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity of contaminant mixtures isolated directly from the blubber of 15 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) collected from five U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico locations. The lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) determined for 4,4'-DDE (20 µmol/L), PCB 138 (20 µmol/L), PCB 180 (21 µmol/L), and trans-nonachlor (3 µmol/L) in the E-Screen were greater than estimated dolphin blood concentrations. Although estimated blood concentrations were below the LOECs, significant estrogenic activity was detected in diluted dolphin blubber from Cape May, NJ and Bermuda. Positive correlations between blubber estrogenicity and select POP concentrations (ΣDDTs, ΣPBDEs, ΣHCB, Σestrogenic PCBs, Σestrogenic POPs) were also observed. Collectively, these results suggest that select bottlenose dolphin populations may be exposed to contaminants that act in concert to exert estrogenic effects at biologically relevant concentrations. These observations do not necessarily provide direct evidence of endocrine disruption; however, they may indicate an environmental source of xenoestrogenic exposure warranting future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Yordy
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA
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17
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Park HY, Hertz-Picciotto I, Sovcikova E, Kocan A, Drobna B, Trnovec T. Neurodevelopmental toxicity of prenatal polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by chemical structure and activity: a birth cohort study. Environ Health 2010; 9:51. [PMID: 20731829 PMCID: PMC2939589 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-9-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental toxins. Although there is growing evidence to support an association between PCBs and deficits of neurodevelopment, the specific mechanisms are not well understood. The potentially different roles of specific PCB groups defined by chemical structures or hormonal activities e.g., dioxin-like, non-dioxin like, or anti-estrogenic PCBs, remain unclear. Our objective was to examine the association between prenatal exposure to defined subsets of PCBs and neurodevelopment in a cohort of infants in eastern Slovakia enrolled at birth in 2002-2004. METHODS Maternal and cord serum samples were collected at delivery, and analyzed for PCBs using high-resolution gas chromatography. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development -II (BSID) were administered at 16 months of age to over 750 children who also had prenatal PCB measurements. RESULTS Based on final multivariate-adjusted linear regression model, maternal mono-ortho-substituted PCBs were significantly associated with lower scores on both the psychomotor (PDI) and mental development indices (MDI). Also a significant association between cord mono-ortho-substituted PCBs and reduced PDI was observed, but the association with MDI was marginal (p = 0.05). Anti-estrogenic and di-ortho-substituted PCBs did not show any statistically significant association with cognitive scores, but a suggestive association between di-ortho-substituted PCBs measured in cord serum and poorer PDI was observed. CONCLUSION Children with higher prenatal mono-ortho-substituted PCB exposures performed more poorly on the Bayley Scales. Evidence from this and other studies suggests that prenatal dioxin-like PCB exposure, including mono-ortho congeners, may interfere with brain development in utero. Non-dioxin-like di-ortho-substituted PCBs require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Park
- Divisions of Epidemiology, and of Environmental and Occupational Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Divisions of Epidemiology, and of Environmental and Occupational Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Eva Sovcikova
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Kocan
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Beata Drobna
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Trnovec
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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18
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Weldon RH, Webster M, Harley KG, Bradman A, Fenster L, Davis MD, Hubbard A, Barr DB, Holland N, Eskenazi B. Serum persistent organic pollutants and duration of lactation among Mexican-American women. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 2010:861757. [PMID: 20671963 PMCID: PMC2910484 DOI: 10.1155/2010/861757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals interfere with lactation. OBJECTIVES (1) to determine if estrogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are associated with shortened lactation duration; (2) to determine whether previous breastfeeding history biases associations. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured selected organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls (p, p'-DDE, p, p'-DDT, o, p'-DDT, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene, and PCBs 44, 49, 52, 118, 138, 153, and 180) in serum from 366 low-income, Mexican-American pregnant women living in an agricultural region of California and assessed breastfeeding duration by questionnaires. We found no association between DDE, DDT, or estrogenic POPs with shortened lactation duration, but rather associations for two potentially estrogenic POPs with lengthened lactation duration arose (HR [95% CI]: 0.6 [0.4, 0.8] for p, p'-DDE & 0.8 [0.6, 1.0] for PCB 52). Associations between antiestrogenic POPs (PCBs 138 and 180) and shortened lactation duration were attributed to a lactation history bias. CONCLUSION Estrogenic POPs were not associated with shortened lactation duration, but may be associated with longer lactation duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana H. Weldon
- Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Monique Webster
- Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Kim G. Harley
- Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Laura Fenster
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804-6403, USA
| | - Mark D. Davis
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA
| | - Alan Hubbard
- School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7358, USA
| | - Dana B. Barr
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
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19
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Effects on bone tissue in ewes (Ovies aries) and their foetuses exposed to PCB 118 and PCB 153. Toxicol Lett 2010; 192:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Johnson KE, Knopper LD, Schneider DC, Ollson CA, Reimer KJ. Effects of local point source polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination on bone mineral density in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:5050-5055. [PMID: 19580994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A former local source of PCBs has contaminated soil and the terrestrial food web at Saglek, Labrador. The relationship between PCB exposure and bone mineral density as an osteoporosis biomarker in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was investigated at two sites at Saglek: a contaminated Beach and a reference area. Bone mineral density was measured on the femur of twenty-six deer mice using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technology. Bone mineral density was significantly lower in deer mice from the high exposure site (average whole body summation operatorPCB=5769 ng/g wet weight, n=20) than at the reference site (average whole body summation operatorPCB=79.8 ng/g wet weight, n=7). We used T-scores from the World Health Organization to determine the degree of decreased bone mineral density in exposed mice. Assuming the same biomechanical forces apply as for humans, and using a conservative factor of 1.5 (fracture risk increases 1.5 to 3 fold for every standard deviation decrease in bone mineral density), mice from the contaminated Beach are up to five folds more susceptible to fracture risk than mice from the reference area. Therefore, the PCB concentrations found locally at contaminated military sites such as Saglek are high enough to affect local wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Johnson
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9.
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21
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Gregoraszczuk EL, Ptak A, Karniewska M, Ropstad E. Action of defined mixtures of PCBs, p,p′-DDT and its metabolite p,p′-DDE, on co-culture of porcine theca and granulosa cells: Steroid secretion, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 26:170-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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