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Printsev I, Alalli E, Bilsborough J. The Opposite Functions of CD30 Ligand Isoforms. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2741-2756. [PMID: 38534788 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TNFSF8/CD30 ligand is a TNF superfamily member expressed on several major immune cell types, including activated monocytes, B, and T cells. The signaling of CD30 ligand through its cognate CD30 receptor has been shown to have effects on cell differentiation, cell death/survival, and cytokine production. The signaling pair has been implicated in hematopoietic malignancies and inflammatory disease, and a chemotherapy-CD30 antibody combination for the treatment of Hodgkin and other lymphomas has been developed. There are two recorded isoforms of CD30 ligand. All hitherto studies of CD30 ligand are of the first, canonical isoform, while the second isoform has never been described. This study aims to elucidate the properties and signaling functions of the second CD30 ligand isoform. We have found mRNA expression of both isoforms in the PBMCs of all six healthy donors tested. Through methods in cell biology and biochemistry, we were able to discover that the second CD30 ligand isoform has no discernable pro-inflammatory function and, in fact, isoform 2 can restrict the capacity of the canonical isoform to signal through the CD30 receptor by preventing their interaction. This discovery has implications for the future development of therapeutics targeting the CD30/CD30 ligand signaling pair in cancer and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignat Printsev
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Elyas Alalli
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Janine Bilsborough
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Jones ML, Alfaleh MA, Kumble S, Zhang S, Osborne GW, Yeh M, Arora N, Hou JJC, Howard CB, Chin DY, Mahler SM. Targeting membrane proteins for antibody discovery using phage display. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26240. [PMID: 27189586 PMCID: PMC4870581 DOI: 10.1038/srep26240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical factor in the successful isolation of new antibodies by phage display is the presentation of a correctly folded antigen. While this is relatively simple for soluble proteins which can be purified and immobilized onto a plastic surface, membrane proteins offer significant challenges for antibody discovery. Whole cell panning allows presentation of the membrane protein in its native conformation, but is complicated by a low target antigen density, high background of irrelevant antigens and non-specific binding of phage particles to cell surfaces. The method described here uses transient transfection of alternating host cell lines and stringent washing steps to address each of these limitations. The successful isolation of antibodies from a naive scFv library is described for three membrane bound proteins; human CD83, canine CD117 and bat CD11b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina L. Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy; King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumukh Kumble
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Geoffrey W. Osborne
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Michael Yeh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Neetika Arora
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Jeff Jia Cheng Hou
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - David Y. Chin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Stephen M. Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
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Mohr CF, Kalmer M, Gross C, Mann MC, Sterz KR, Kieser A, Fleckenstein B, Kress AK. The tumor marker Fascin is induced by the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded oncoprotein LMP1 via NF-κB in lymphocytes and contributes to their invasive migration. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:46. [PMID: 25105941 PMCID: PMC4222691 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actin-bundling protein Fascin (FSCN1) is a tumor marker that is highly expressed in numerous types of cancer including lymphomas and is important for migration and metastasis of tumor cells. Fascin has also been detected in B lymphocytes that are freshly-infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), however, both the inducers and the mechanisms of Fascin upregulation are still unclear. Results Here we show that the EBV-encoded oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), a potent regulator of cellular signaling and transformation, is sufficient to induce both Fascin mRNA and protein in lymphocytes. Fascin expression is mainly regulated by LMP1 via the C-terminal activation region 2 (CTAR2). Block of canonical NF-κB signaling using a chemical inhibitor of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) or cotransfection of a dominant-negative inhibitor of IκBα (NFKBIA) reduced not only expression of p100, a classical target of the canonical NF-κB-pathway, but also LMP1-induced Fascin expression. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of IKKβ reduced both Fascin mRNA and protein levels in EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, indicating that canonical NF-κB signaling is required for LMP1-mediated regulation of Fascin both in transfected and transformed lymphocytes. Beyond that, chemical inhibition of IKKβ significantly reduced invasive migration of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells through extracellular matrix. Transient transfection experiments revealed that Fascin contributed to LMP1-mediated enhancement of invasive migration through extracellular matrix. While LMP1 enhanced the number of invaded cells, functional knockdown of Fascin by two different small hairpin RNAs resulted in significant reduction of invaded, non-attached cells. Conclusions Thus, our data show that LMP1-mediated upregulation of Fascin depends on NF-κB and both NF-κB and Fascin contribute to invasive migration of LMP1-expressing lymphocytes.
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Kim SH, Choe JY, Jeon Y, Huh J, Jung HR, Choi YD, Kim HJ, Cha HJ, Park WS, Kim JE. Frequent expression of follicular dendritic cell markers in Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:589-96. [PMID: 23454725 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although the tumour cells of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are derived from mature B-cells, the lineage infidelity of Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSs) often causes diagnostic problems. Recently introduced HRS markers are also positive for follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). We investigated the expression of several FDC markers in HL and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and evaluated their diagnostic efficacy. METHODS Eighty-five cases of HL and 52 cases of ALCL were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry was performed for glioma-associated homologue (GLI) 3, class III β-tubulin (TUBB3), fascin, clusterin, γ-synuclein, podoplanin, syntenin, CD21, CD35 and EGFR. RESULTS HRSs were diffusely positive for GLI3, fascin and TUBB3; the mean positivity rates per case were 94% for GLI3, 82% for fascin, 69% for TUBB3, 17% for clusterin, 17% for γ-synuclein and 14% for syntenin. Podoplanin, CD21, CD35 and EGFR were almost negative. However, the frequency of marker expression was not associated with the histologic subtype or the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). ALCL showed a similar pattern to HL, but the overall frequency of positivity was lower than that observed in HL. The mean positivity rates were 56% for GLI3, 62% for fascin, 58% for TUBB3 and 21% for clusterin. The other markers were nearly negative. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase positivity did not affect the expression rates. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the frequent expression of FDC markers in HL and ALCL. Especially, GLI3, fascin and TUBB3 are the most sensitive markers. Further studies are required to evaluate the association between FDCs, HRSs and ALCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Glioma-associated oncogene homologue 3, a hedgehog transcription factor, is highly expressed in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1643-52. [PMID: 21531006 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hedgehog signaling pathway has been shown to play a pathogenic role in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, but has not been assessed in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Glioma-associated oncogene homologues 1, 2, and 3 are transcriptional effectors of the hedgehog pathway. In this study, we first used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to investigate the expressions of GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 in 3 classical Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines. GLI1 and GLI2 were variably expressed, but GLI3 was highly expressed in all cell lines. We then used immunohistochemistry to assess glioma-associated oncogene homologues 1, 2, and 3 in 39 classical Hodgkin lymphoma patient samples. Glioma-associated oncogene homologues 1 and 2 were weakly to variably expressed in a subset of classical Hodgkin lymphoma patient samples. In contrast, glioma-associated oncogene homologue 3 showed strong, uniform nuclear expression in virtually all Hodgkin/Reed-Stenberg cells. We then performed an immunohistochemical survey of glioma-associated oncogene homologue 3 expression in 13 cases of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and 218 non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Most other lymphoma types showed variable or no expression of glioma-associated oncogene homologue 3, with a minor subset of cases of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, ALK-positive and ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma showing a glioma-associated oncogene homologue 3 staining pattern indistinguishable from classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Our data provide a rationale to further investigate the biologic significance of glioma-associated oncogene homologue 3 in classical Hodgkin lymphoma biology.
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Oncolytic rat parvovirus H-1PV, a candidate for the treatment of human lymphoma: In vitro and in vivo studies. Mol Ther 2009; 17:1164-72. [PMID: 19367260 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of lymphomas developing in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients continues to steadily increase worldwide. Current chemotherapy and immunotherapy approaches have several limitations, such as severe side toxicity and selection of resistant cell variants. Autonomous parvoviruses (PVs), in particular the rat parvovirus H-1PV, have emerged as promising anticancer agents. Although it is apathogenic in humans, H-1PV has been shown to infect and suppress various rat and human tumors in animal models. In this study, we demonstrate the capacity of H-1PV for efficiently killing, through necrosis, cell cultures originating from Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), while sparing normal B lymphocytes. The cytotoxic effect was generally accompanied by a productive H-1PV infection. Remarkably, parvovirus-based monotherapy efficiently suppressed established BL at an advanced stage in a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model of the disease. The data show for the first time that an oncolytic parvovirus deserves further consideration as a potential tool for the treatment of some non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas, including those resistant to apoptosis induction by rituximab.
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Jensen KC, Higgins JPT, Montgomery K, Kaygusuz G, van de Rijn M, Natkunam Y. The utility of PAX5 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms. Mod Pathol 2007; 20:871-7. [PMID: 17529924 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PAX5 is a B-cell transcription factor whose expression at the protein level is reliably detected by immunohistochemistry in routine biopsies. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PAX5 immunohistochemistry has diagnostic benefit as a B-cell marker in the work-up of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms. Twenty-five cases previously diagnosed as undifferentiated malignant neoplasms were selected. In addition, 59 hematolymphoid and 884 non-hematolymphoid malignancies were studied such that the specificity of PAX5 immunohistochemistry could be addressed. Two of the 25 (8%) undifferentiated neoplasms showed diffuse staining for PAX5, which indicated a B-cell derivation for these neoplasms that was not appreciated at the time of initial diagnosis. PAX5 staining was detected in the vast majority of hematolymphoid tumors of B-cell derivation but only in 5 of 884 (less than 1%) non-hematolymphoid tumors. Our results further show that PAX5 may be the only detectable marker of B lineage in lymphomas that lack or show equivocal CD45RB and CD20 expression. We conclude that the addition of PAX5 to a panel of immunohistologic markers used in the interrogation of undifferentiated neoplasms is of diagnostic benefit. Its expression can also facilitate the diagnosis of classical and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with atypical morphologic and immunohistologic features. Lastly, we have shown that the lack of its expression at the protein level in many epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms renders PAX5 expression an extremely specific marker of the B lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin C Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Bakshi NA, Finn WG, Schnitzer B, Valdez R, Ross CW. Fascin expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007; 131:742-7. [PMID: 17488159 DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-742-feidlb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fascin is an actin-bundling protein involved in the formation of dendritic processes. Fascin is a sensitive marker for classical Reed-Sternberg cells and has a high negative predictive value for diagnosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Fascin has been used to distinguish CHL from non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Recently, it was shown that fascin might not help differentiate CHL from anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Moreover, fascin has not been extensively studied in the context of other large cell lymphomas. OBJECTIVE To analyze fascin expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and also reexamine its usefulness in discriminating CHL from ALCL. DESIGN Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 41 cases of DLBCL, 30 cases of CHL, and 30 cases of ALCL were analyzed. Fascin expression was compared across each type of lymphoma with additional correlation between fascin positivity and ALK-1 expression in ALCL performed. RESULTS Only 6 (14.6%) of 41 cases of DLBCL stained positively for fascin, with most neoplastic large cells exhibiting a weak staining pattern. Fifteen (50%) of 30 cases of ALCL showed positivity for fascin, with most large cells staining strongly. All 30 cases of CHL demonstrated intense positive staining. Sixty percent of fascin-positive ALCLs were positive for ALK-1, while 66.7% of fascin-negative ALCLs were positive for ALK-1. CONCLUSIONS Fascin is highly sensitive for CHL and has a very high negative predictive value (100% in this series) for distinguishing CHL from DLBCL or ALCL. However, the specificity and positive predictive value for fascin are much higher in distinguishing CHL from DLBCL than in distinguishing CHL from ALCL. Expression of fascin appears more useful in the differential diagnosis of CHL versus DLBCL than in the differential diagnosis of CHL versus ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir A Bakshi
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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Tanijiri T, Shimizu T, Uehira K, Yokoi T, Amuro H, Sugimoto H, Torii Y, Tajima K, Ito T, Amakawa R, Fukuhara S. Hodgkin's reed-sternberg cell line (KM-H2) promotes a bidirectional differentiation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes from CD4+ naive T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:576-84. [PMID: 17545218 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0906565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent report revealed that a large population of Hodgkin's lymphoma-infiltrating lymphocytes (HLILs) consisted of regulatory T cells. In this study, we cocultured CD4+ naive T cells with KM-H2, which was established as a Hodgkin's Reed-Sternberg cell line, to clarify their ability to induce CD25+ Forkhead box P3+ (Foxp3+) T cells. The characteristic analyses of T cells cocultured with KM-H2 revealed the presence of CD4+CD25+ T cells. They expressed CTLA-4, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene, and Foxp3 and could produce large amounts of IL-10. Conversely, KM-H2 also generated CD4+ CTLs, which expressed Granzyme B and T cell intracellular antigen-1 in addition to Foxp3+ T cells. They exhibit a strong cytotoxic effect against the parental KM-H2. In conclusion, KM-H2 promotes a bidirectional differentiation of CD4+ naive T cells toward Foxp3+ T cells and CD4+ CTLs. In addition to KM-H2, several cell lines that exhibit the APC function were able to generate Foxp3+ T cells and CD4+ CTLs. Conversely, the APC nonfunctioning cell lines examined did not induce both types of cells. Our findings suggest that the APC function of tumor cells is essential for the differentiation of CD4+ naive T cells into CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and CD4+ CTLs and at least partly explains the predominance of CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in HLILs and their contribution to a better prognosis. Therefore, in APC-functioning tumors, including classical Hodgkin lymphomas, which generate Foxp3+ T cells and CD4+ CTLs, these T cell repertories play a beneficial role synergistically in disease stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Tanijiri
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono-Cho, Moriguchi-City, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan
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Kato M, Khan S, Gonzalez N, O'Neill BP, McDonald KJ, Cooper BJ, Angel NZ, Hart DNJ. Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines express a fusion protein encoded by intergenically spliced mRNA for the multilectin receptor DEC-205 (CD205) and a novel C-type lectin receptor DCL-1. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:34035-41. [PMID: 12824192 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) tissue contains a small population of morphologically distinct malignant cells called Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, associated with the development of HL. Using 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) we identified an alternative mRNA for the DEC-205 multilectin receptor in the HRS cell line L428. Sequence analysis revealed that the mRNA encodes a fusion protein between DEC-205 and a novel C-type lectin DCL-1. Although the 7.5-kb DEC-205 and 4.2-kb DCL-1 mRNA were expressed independently in myeloid and B lymphoid cell lines, the DEC-205/DCL-1 fusion mRNA (9.5 kb) predominated in the HRS cell lines (L428, KM-H2, and HDLM-2). The DEC-205 and DCL-1 genes comprising 35 and 6 exons, respectively, are juxtaposed on chromosome band 2q24 and separated by only 5.4 kb. We determined the DCL-1 transcription initiation site within the intervening sequence by 5'-RACE, confirming that DCL-1 is an independent gene. Two DEC-205/DCL-1 fusion mRNA variants may result from cotranscription of DEC-205 and DCL-1, followed by splicing DEC-205 exon 35 or 34-35 along with DCL-1 exon 1. The resulting reading frames encode the DEC-205 ectodomain plus the DCL-1 ectodomain, the transmembrane, and the cytoplasmic domain. Using DCL-1 cytoplasmic domain-specific polyclonal and DEC-205 monoclonal antibodies for immunoprecipitation/Western blot analysis, we showed that the fusion mRNA is translated into a DEC-205/DCL-1 fusion protein, expressed in the HRS cell lines. These results imply an unusual transcriptional control mechanism in HRS cells, which cotranscribe an mRNA containing DEC-205 and DCL-1 prior to generating the intergenically spliced mRNA to produce a DEC-205/DCL-1 fusion protein.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Chromosomes/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Exons
- HL-60 Cells
- Hodgkin Disease/metabolism
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Lectins/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/chemistry
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA Splicing
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kato
- Mater Medical Research Institute, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
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Fan G, Kotylo P, Neiman RS, Braziel RM. Comparison of Fascin Expression in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Hodgkin Disease. Am J Clin Pathol 2003. [DOI: 10.1309/eae3tgpp4a5rva92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kharbanda S, Salter RD, Dong X, Tuma-Warrino RJ, Steinman RA. BDCM: a novel B-cell line with genetic and functional similarity to dendritic cells. Br J Haematol 2002; 119:819-25. [PMID: 12437665 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe a B-cell line, BDCM, which arose spontaneously from culture of a pheresis product from a patient with M5a myeloid leukaemia. Cell growth was associated with autocrine activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat-1) transcription factor. Although the cells expressed several B-cell surface markers and had a rearranged immunoglobin J region, they also exhibited several characteristics associated with dendritic cells. These included extensive surface projections, cross-priming ability and strong T cell-stimulating capability. In addition, the cytokine production profile of BDCM cells was nearly identical to that of mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Kharbanda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascin containing actin bundles provide mechanical support to cellular protrusions and stress fibers. In cancers, some malignant cells (e.g. subsets of breast and ovarian carcinomas) express fascin. In skin cancer, the role of fascin is unknown. METHODS Cases of 61 keratocytic neoplasms, 35 melanocytic neoplasms, nine extramammary Paget's disease (four with adenocarcinoma) and five sarcomas (angiosarcoma and atypical fibroxanthoma) were examined by immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antihuman fascin antibody, clone 55 k-2 (Dako Corporation, Carpinteria, CA, USA). RESULTS Fascin labeled all sarcomas and all keratinocytic neoplasms except for pagetoid pattern Bowen's disease. The regions of most intense fascin labeling were seen in the basal cells of infiltrative tumor margins. A minority of Merkel cell carcinomas exhibited weak or absent immunoreactivity. All melanocytic nevi except for some junctional nests of dysplastic melanocytic nevi expressed fascin. However, pagetoid cells of melanoma in situ and epithelioid cells of invasive melanoma weakly expressed or did not express fascin, whereas melanoma cells exhibiting spindle cell morphologies labeled intensely with fascin. Lastly, all cells of extramammary Paget's disease and most associated adenocarcinomas cells did not or were faintly labeled by fascin antibodies. Decreased or absent fascin expression was significantly associated with skin cancers with a high risk for metastasis (e.g. melanoma) vs. those with a low risk (e.g. basal cell carcinoma) (24% vs. 100% with > 50% immunoreactivity; p = 0.0001, chi-squared test). CONCLUSION Fascin is expressed by skin tumors that locally infiltrate and replace surrounding tissues indicating a role for fascin in cell adhesion, cell motility and invasiveness. No or weak fascin expression is exhibited by cancers with pagetoid intraepidermal spread and by invasive tumors with a high risk of metastasis. Downregulation or loss of fascin's actin-bundling properties, probably associated with disorganization of cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts, may be a crucial step in the progression from locally invasive to widely disseminating cancers.
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Biddle DA, Ro JY, Yoon GS, Yong YWH, Ayala AG, Ordonez NG, Ro J. Extranodal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the head and neck region: three new cases, with a review of the literature. Mod Pathol 2002; 15:50-8. [PMID: 11796841 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extranodal follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma of the head and neck region is uncommon, with 16 well-documented cases previously reported (four in the tonsil, four in the pharynx, two in the palate, five in the soft tissue, and one in the thyroid). We here report an additional three cases of extranodal FDC sarcoma in the tonsil (two cases) and pharynx (one case). In these new cases, the neoplastic cells were arranged in diffuse, fascicular, and vaguely whorled growth patterns. A background lymphocytic infiltrate was sprinkled throughout the neoplasms, with focal prominent perivascular cuffing. Scattered multinucleated giant cells were present. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly and diffusely positive for follicular dendritic cell markers CD21 and CD35. Tumor cells were diffusely positive for fascin and negative for leukocyte common antigen, S-100 protein, cytokeratin, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein-1 (EBV-LMP). EBV was also not detected in the tumor cells by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNAs. FDC sarcomas are probably an underrecognized neoplasm, especially when they occur in extranodal sites in the head and neck region. Two of the three new cases we report were initially misdiagnosed, and five cases of extranodal FDC sarcoma in the head and neck region reported in the recent literature were initially misdiagnosed. Our aim is to complement the current understanding of this neoplasm and alert pathologists to this rare entity in this region to avoid misdiagnosis. Recognition of extranodal FDC sarcoma requires a high index of suspicion, but this tumor has numerous distinctive histological features that should bring the neoplasm into the differential diagnosis. Confirmatory immunohistochemical staining with follicular dendritic cell markers such as CD21 and/or CD35 is essential for the diagnosis. Correct characterization of this neoplasm is imperative given its potential for recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Biddle
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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