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Wang Y, Zhou A, Yu B, Sun X. Recent Advances in Non-Contact Food Decontamination Technologies for Removing Mycotoxins and Fungal Contaminants. Foods 2024; 13:2244. [PMID: 39063328 PMCID: PMC11276063 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Agricultural food commodities are highly susceptible to contamination by fungi and mycotoxins, which cause great economic losses and threaten public health. New technologies such as gamma ray irradiation, ultraviolet radiation, electron beam irradiation, microwave irradiation, pulsed light, pulsed electric fields, plasma, ozone, etc. can solve the problem of fungal and mycotoxin contamination which cannot be effectively solved by traditional food processing methods. This paper summarizes recent advancements in emerging food decontamination technologies used to control various fungi and their associated toxin contamination in food. It discusses the problems and challenges faced by the various methods currently used to control mycotoxins, looks forward to the new trends in the development of mycotoxin degradation methods in the future food industry, and proposes new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (A.Z.)
| | - Aiyun Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (A.Z.)
| | - Bei Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (A.Z.)
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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2
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Yu S, Jia B, Liu N, Yu D, Zhang S, Wu A. Fumonisin B1 triggers carcinogenesis via HDAC/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in human esophageal epithelial cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147405. [PMID: 34000555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a contaminant that commonly present in the global environment, especially in food and feed. Epidemiologic studies have shown that esophageal cancer is associated with fumonisin toxicity. However, the molecular mechanism of FB1-induced esophageal cancer is unclear. In this research, the molecular mechanism of FB1-induced cell carcinogenesis in human esophageal epithelial cells line (HEEC) was explored. We found that FB1 (0.3125-5 μM) could promote cell proliferation, and the same phenomenon was found in a 3D cell model. FB1 could also accelerate cell migration. The expression levels of DNA damage markers were significantly increased after FB1 exposure. Meanwhile, the expression levels of cell cycle-regulated proteins and cancer-related genes were abnormal. Furthermore, FB1 significantly upregulated the histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression and activated the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway. The HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) could repressed FB1-promoted cell proliferation and abnormal phenomenon induced by FB1. Moreover, myriocin (ISP-1) could relieve FB1-enhanced HDAC expression and cell proliferation, which implied that ISP-1 may be used to block the fumonisin toxicity in the future. Our findings suggested that the HDAC/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway is a novel mechanism for FB1-induced cell carcinogenesis in HEEC and provided new ideas for the prevention and control of fumonisin toxicity, subsequently avoiding adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bingxuan Jia
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dianzhen Yu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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3
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Kirimker SE, Turksoy S, Kabak B. Assessment of dietary exposure to deoxynivalenol and fumonisin in the population of infants and toddlers in Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Sinphithakkul P, Poapolathep A, Klangkaew N, Imsilp K, Logrieco AF, Zhang Z, Poapolathep S. Occurrence of Multiple Mycotoxins in Various Types of Rice and Barley Samples in Thailand. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1007-1015. [PMID: 31121103 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Contamination with multiple mycotoxins was found in rice and barley. BEA, DAS, ZEA, and aflatoxins were the mycotoxins most frequently found in samples. The assessed mycotoxin exposure does not represent a health risk for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyaluk Sinphithakkul
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,2 Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Narumol Klangkaew
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Imsilp
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- 3 Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- 4 Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Saranya Poapolathep
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,2 Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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5
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Wang Y, Li X, Xi D, Wang X. Visual detection of Fusarium proliferatum based on asymmetric recombinase polymerase amplification and hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37144-37147. [PMID: 35542282 PMCID: PMC9075509 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05709a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-step and instrument-free visual method was established based on asymmetric recombinase polymerase amplification coupled with hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme for the detection of Fusarium proliferatum. Asymmetric recombinase polymerase amplification and hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme-based visual detection of F. proliferatum is demonstrated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology
- College of Plant Protection
- Shandong Agricultural University
- Tai'an
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Xi
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Plant Protection Research Center
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- People's Republic of China
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6
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Dellafiora L, Galaverna G, Dall’Asta C. Mechanisms of Fumonisin B1 Toxicity: A Computational Perspective beyond the Ceramide Synthases Inhibition. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1203-1212. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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7
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Savi GD, Piacentini KC, Rocha LO, Carnielli-Queiroz L, Furtado BG, Scussel R, Zanoni ET, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Corrêa B, Angioletto E. Incidence of toxigenic fungi and zearalenone in rice grains from Brazil. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 270:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Braun MS, Wink M. Exposure, Occurrence, and Chemistry of Fumonisins and their Cryptic Derivatives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:769-791. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Santhosh Braun
- Inst. of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Heidelberg Univ.; INF 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Inst. of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Heidelberg Univ.; INF 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Knutsen HK, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Dall'Asta C, Gutleb AC, Humpf HU, Galli C, Metzler M, Oswald IP, Parent-Massin D, Binaglia M, Steinkellner H, Alexander J. Appropriateness to set a group health-based guidance value for fumonisins and their modified forms. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05172. [PMID: 32625807 PMCID: PMC7009576 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for fumonisin B1 (FB 1) of 1.0 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day based on increased incidence of megalocytic hepatocytes found in a chronic study with mice. The CONTAM Panel considered the limited data available on toxicity and mode of action and structural similarities of FB 2-6 and found it appropriate to include FB 2, FB 3 and FB 4 in a group TDI with FB 1. Modified forms of FBs are phase I and phase II metabolites formed in fungi, infested plants or farm animals. Modified forms also arise from food or feed processing, and include covalent adducts with matrix constituents. Non-covalently bound forms are not considered as modified forms. Modified forms of FBs identified are hydrolysed FB 1-4 (HFB 1-4), partially hydrolysed FB 1-2 (pHFB 1-2), N-(carboxymethyl)-FB 1-3 (NCM-FB 1-3), N-(1-deoxy-d-fructos-1-yl)-FB 1 (NDF-FB 1), O-fatty acyl FB 1, N-fatty acyl FB 1 and N-palmitoyl-HFB 1. HFB 1, pHFB 1, NCM-FB 1 and NDF-FB 1 show a similar toxicological profile but are less potent than FB 1. Although in vitro data shows that N-fatty acyl FBs are more toxic in vitro than FB 1, no in vivo data were available for N-fatty acyl FBs and O-fatty acyl FBs. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it was not appropriate to include modified FBs in the group TDI for FB 1-4. The uncertainty associated with the present assessment is high, but could be reduced provided more data are made available on occurrence, toxicokinetics and toxicity of FB 2-6 and modified forms of FB 1-4.
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10
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Lee S, Jiang X, Manubolu M, Riedl K, Ludsin SA, Martin JF, Lee J. Fresh produce and their soils accumulate cyanotoxins from irrigation water: Implications for public health and food security. Food Res Int 2017; 102:234-245. [PMID: 29195944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin (MC), a hepatotoxin that can adversely affect human health, has become more prevalent in freshwater ecosystems worldwide, owing to an increase in toxic cyanobacteria blooms. While consumption of water and fish are well-documented exposure pathways of MCs to humans, less is known about the potential transfer to humans through consumption of vegetables that have been irrigated with MC-contaminated water. Likewise, the impact of MC on the performance of food crops is understudied. To help fill these information gaps, we conducted a controlled laboratory experiment in which we exposed lettuce, carrots, and green beans to environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LR (0, 1, 5, and 10μg/L) via two irrigation methods (drip and spray). We used ELISA and LC-MS/MS to quantify MC-LR concentrations and in different parts of the plant (edible vs. inedible fractions), measured plant performance (e.g., size, mass, edible leaves, color), and calculated human exposure risk based on accumulation patterns. MC-LR accumulation was positively dose-dependent, with it being greater in the plants (2.2-209.2μg/kg) than in soil (0-19.4μg/kg). MC-LR accumulation varied among vegetable types, between plant parts, and between irrigation methods. MC-LR accumulation led to reduced crop growth and quality, with MC-LR persisting in the soil after harvest. Observed toxin accumulation patterns in edible fractions of plants also led to estimates of daily MC-LR intake that exceeded both the chronic reference dose (0.003μg/kg of body weight) and total daily intake guidelines (0.04μg/kg of body weight). Because the use of MC-contaminated water is common in many parts of the world, our collective findings highlight the need for guidelines concerning the use of MC-contaminated water in irrigation, as well as consumption of these crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjun Lee
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Manjunath Manubolu
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ken Riedl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stuart A Ludsin
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jay F Martin
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Ohio Sea Grant, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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11
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Murashiki TC, Chidewe C, Benhura MA, Maringe DT, Dembedza MP, Manema LR, Mvumi BM, Nyanga LK. Levels and daily intake estimates of aflatoxin B 1 and fumonisin B 1 in maize consumed by rural households in Shamva and Makoni districts of Zimbabwe. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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13
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Savi GD, Piacentini KC, Tibola CS, Santos K, Sousa Maria G, Scussel VM. Deoxynivalenol in the wheat milling process and wheat-based products and daily intake estimates for the Southern Brazilian population. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Savi GD, Piacentini KC, Marchi D, Scussel VM. Fumonisins B1 and B2 in the corn-milling process and corn-based products, and evaluation of estimated daily intake. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 33:339-45. [PMID: 26605670 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of fumonisins (FBs: FB1 and FB2) in the corn-milling process and in corn-based products, as well as daily intake estimates for the Brazilian population were evaluated. Among corn fractions samples, corn meal had the highest mean concentration of FB1 (1305 µg kg(-1)) and FB2 (651 µg kg(-1)) and a distribution factors of 452% and 256% in relation to corn grain, respectively. On the other hand, the distribution factor of FB1 and FB2 in corn flour was found to be 144% and 88% respectively, which demonstrates that fumonisins in this fraction were reduced compared with corn grain. As a result, almost half the corn meal samples (47%) would be non-compliant with future Brazilian regulation (2017) for fumonisins. However, corn-based products, such as corn flakes and popcorn, were in compliance with the regulation. The average probable daily intake and maximum probable daily intake of fumonisins estimated for the Santa Catarina state (Brazil) population were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 µg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for all corn samples. Despite this, the adoption of practices to control the occurrence of fumonisins should be applied to the corn-milling fractions that may contain a higher concentration of this toxin, such as corn meal, often used for animal feed in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovana D Savi
- a Laboratory of Mycotoxicology and Food Contaminants, Food Science and Technology Department , Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis , Brazil
| | - Karim C Piacentini
- a Laboratory of Mycotoxicology and Food Contaminants, Food Science and Technology Department , Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis , Brazil
| | - Djeini Marchi
- a Laboratory of Mycotoxicology and Food Contaminants, Food Science and Technology Department , Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis , Brazil
| | - Vildes M Scussel
- a Laboratory of Mycotoxicology and Food Contaminants, Food Science and Technology Department , Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis , Brazil
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela H Degen
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, IfADo - Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
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16
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Sousa FC, Schamber CR, Amorin SSS, Natali MRM. Effect of fumonisin-containing diet on the myenteric plexus of the jejunum in rats. Auton Neurosci 2014; 185:93-9. [PMID: 25183308 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisins are mycotoxins that naturally occur as contaminants in grains that are destined for animal and human consumption. These mycotoxins cause hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunotoxic, and neurotoxic effects in different intensities based on dose, time of exposure, and animal species. In the present study, male Wistar rats were fed between postnatal days 21 and 63 with diets that contained fumonisins B1+B2 at concentrations of 1 and 3mg/kg. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of fumonisins on food intake, growth, weight gain, serum activity of the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes, and quantitative and morphometric parameters of myenteric neurons in the jejunum that are immunoreactive to HuC/D protein and neuronal nitric oxide synthase enzyme (nNOS). Diets that contained fumonisins did not significantly alter food intake or body and blood parameters. We did not observe significant differences in the neuronal density and proportion of nitrergic neurons but found a significant reduction of cell body areas in both neuronal populations. This study is the first to report the effects of fumonisins in the enteric nervous system. The possible mechanisms by which fumonisins impair neuronal development and the use of the enteric nervous system as a tool for the study of the neurotoxic effects of fumonisins are discussed. In conclusion, fumonisin-containing food negatively affected the growth of myenteric neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carlos Sousa
- Coordenação de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Brazil.
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17
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Müller S, Dekant W, Mally A. Fumonisin B1 and the kidney: Modes of action for renal tumor formation by fumonisin B1 in rodents. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3833-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Daily intake estimates of fumonisins in corn-based food products in the population of Parana, Brazil. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Bansal J, Pantazopoulos P, Tam J, Cavlovic P, Kwong K, Turcotte AM, Lau BY, Scott P. Surveys of rice sold in Canada for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisins. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:767-74. [PMID: 21623501 PMCID: PMC3118495 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.559279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 200 samples of rice (including white, brown, red, black, basmati and jasmine, as well as wild rice) from several different countries, including the United States, Canada, Pakistan, India and Thailand, were analysed for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins by separate liquid chromatographic methods in two different years. The mean concentrations for aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) were 0.19 and 0.17 ng g(-1) with respective positive incidences of 56% and 43% (≥ the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.002 ng g(-1)). Twenty-three samples analysed in the second year also contained aflatoxin B(2) (AFB(2)) at levels ≥LOD of 0.002 ng g(-1). The five most contaminated samples in each year contained 1.44-7.14 ng AFB(1) g(-1) (year 1) and 1.45-3.48 ng AFB(1) g(-1) (year 2); they were mostly basmati rice from India and Pakistan and black and red rice from Thailand. The average concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) were 0.05 and 0.005 ng g(-1) in year 1 and year 2, respectively; incidences of samples containing ≥LOD of 0.05 ng g(-1) were 43% and 1%, respectively, in the 2 years. All positive OTA results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. For fumonisins, concentrations of fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) averaged 4.5 ng g(-1) in 15 positive samples (≥0.7 ng g(-1)) from year 1 (n = 99); fumonisin B(2) (FB(2)) and fumonisin B(3) (FB(3)) were also present (≥1 ng g(-1)). In the second year there was only one positive sample (14 ng g(-1) FB(1)) out of 100 analysed. All positive FB(1) results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bansal
- Health Canada, Food Laboratories Division, Ontario Region, 2301 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - P. Pantazopoulos
- Health Canada, Food Laboratories Division, Ontario Region, 2301 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - J. Tam
- Health Canada, Food Laboratories Division, Ontario Region, 2301 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - P. Cavlovic
- Health Canada, Food Laboratories Division, Ontario Region, 2301 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - K. Kwong
- Health Canada, Food Laboratories Division, Ontario Region, 2301 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - A.-M. Turcotte
- Health Canada, Food Directorate, Bureau of Chemical Safety 2203D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0L2, Canada
| | - B.P.-Y. Lau
- Health Canada, Food Directorate, Bureau of Chemical Safety 2203D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0L2, Canada
| | - P.M. Scott
- Health Canada, Food Directorate, Bureau of Chemical Safety 2203D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0L2, Canada
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Nutz S, Döll K, Karlovsky P. Determination of the LOQ in real-time PCR by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis: application to qPCR assays for Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:717-26. [PMID: 21603916 PMCID: PMC3132422 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Real-time PCR (qPCR) is the principal technique for the quantification of pathogen biomass in host tissue, yet no generic methods exist for the determination of the limit of quantification (LOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD) in qPCR. We suggest using the Youden index in the context of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for this purpose. The LOQ was defined as the amount of target DNA that maximizes the sum of sensitivity and specificity. The LOD was defined as the lowest amount of target DNA that was amplified with a false-negative rate below a given threshold. We applied this concept to qPCR assays for Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum DNA in maize kernels. Spiked matrix and field samples characterized by melting curve analysis of PCR products were used as the source of true positives and true negatives. On the basis of the analysis of sensitivity and specificity of the assays, we estimated the LOQ values as 0.11 pg of DNA for spiked matrix and 0.62 pg of DNA for field samples for F. verticillioides. The LOQ values for F. proliferatum were 0.03 pg for spiked matrix and 0.24 pg for field samples. The mean LOQ values correspond to approximately eight genomes for F. verticillioides and three genomes for F. proliferatum. We demonstrated that the ROC analysis concept, developed for qualitative diagnostics, can be used for the determination of performance parameters of quantitative PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Nutz
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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