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Xie J, Jiang L, Li Y, Chen B, Li F, Jiang Y, Gao D, Deng L, Lv X, Ma X, Yin G, Yao D, Xu P. Rehabilitation of motor function in children with cerebral palsy based on motor imagery. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 15:939-948. [PMID: 34790263 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To promote the rehabilitation of motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP), we developed motor imagery (MI) based training system to assist their motor rehabilitation. Eighteen CP children, ten in short- and eight in long-term rehabilitation, participated in our study. In short-term rehabilitation, every 2 days, the MI datasets were collected; whereas the duration of two adjacency MI experiments was ten days in the long-term protocol. Meanwhile, within two adjacency experiments, CP children were requested to daily rehabilitate the motor function based on our system for 30 min. In both strategies, the promoted motor information processing was observed. In terms of the relative signal power spectra, a main effect of time was revealed, as the promoted power spectra were found for the last time of MI recording, compared to that of the first one, which first validated the effectiveness of our intervention. Moreover, as for network efficiency related to the motor information processing, compared to the first MI, the increased network properties were found for the last MI, especially in long-term rehabilitation in which CP children experienced a more obvious efficiency promotion. These findings did validate that our MI-based rehabilitation system has the potential for CP children to assist their motor rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Baodan Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Fali Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yuanling Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Dongrui Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Lili Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - XuLin Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - XianKun Ma
- Sichuan Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Yin
- School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
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Lyamin OI, Siegel JM, Nazarenko EA, Rozhnov VV. Sleep in the lesser mouse-deer (Tragulus kanchil). Sleep 2021; 45:6346614. [PMID: 34370021 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse-deer or chevrotains are the smallest of the ungulates and ruminants. They are characterized by a number of traits which are considered plesiomorphic for the Artiodactyla order. The objective of this study was to examine sleep in the lesser mouse-deer (Tragulus kanchil), which is the smallest in this group (body mass <2.2 kg). Electroencephalogram, nuchal electromyogram, electrooculogram and body acceleration were recorded in 4 adult mouse-deer females using a telemetry system in Bu Gia Map National Park in Vietnam. The mouse-deer spent on average 49.7±3.0% of 24-h in NREM sleep. REM sleep occupied 1.7±0.3% of 24-h or 3.2±0.5% of total sleep time. The average duration of REM sleep episodes was 2.0±0.2 min, the average maximum was 5.1±1.1 min, and the longest episodes lasted 8 min. NREM sleep occurred in sternal recumbency with the head heals above the ground while 64.7+6.4% of REM sleep occurred with the head resting on the ground. The eyes were open throughout most of the NREM sleep period. The mouse-deer displayed polyphasic sleep and crepuscular peaks in activity (04:00-06:00 and 18:00-19:00). The largest amounts of NREM occurred in the morning (06:00-09:00) and the smallest before dusk (at 04:00-06:00). REM sleep occurred throughout most of the daylight hours (08:00-16:00) and in the first half of the night (19:00-02:00). We suggest that the pattern and timing of sleep in the lesser mouse-deer is adapted to the survival of a small herbivorous animal, subject to predation, living in high environmental temperatures in tropical forest undergrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Lyamin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Joint Russian- Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jerome M Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Evgeny A Nazarenko
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Joint Russian- Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Viatcheslav V Rozhnov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Joint Russian- Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Effects of Nature-Based Group Art Therapy Programs on Stress, Self-Esteem and Changes in Electroencephalogram (EEG) in Non-Disabled Siblings of Children with Disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115912. [PMID: 34072927 PMCID: PMC8199280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine changes in brain waves, stress, and self-esteem after a continuous eight-week nature-based art therapy program in the forest in non-disabled siblings of children with disabilities. A total of 29 participants participated in this study (art therapy program group, n = 18; control group, n = 11). The art therapy program group received eight weekly sessions of art therapy lasting 60 min each. Pre- and post-test results showed positive changes in the brain function index and stress levels of the participants in the art therapy program group. On the self-esteem scale, overall and social self-esteem increased significantly. In conclusion, creative activities in the forest can increase resistance to diseases through mechanisms that relieve stress and increase self-esteem. If art therapy that emphasizes somatosensory experience, creative expression, and self-motivation is accompanied by forest activities, this combined intervention can elicit positive physical and psychological changes.
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Cook AJ, Pfeifer KJ, Tass PA. A Single Case Feasibility Study of Sensorimotor Rhythm Neurofeedback in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:623317. [PMID: 33613185 PMCID: PMC7890190 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.623317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalographic activity over the sensorimotor cortex has been one of the best studied targets for neurofeedback therapy. Parkinson’s disease patients display abnormal brain rhythms in the motor cortex caused by increased synchrony in the basal ganglia-cortical pathway. Few studies have examined the effects of sensorimotor-based neurofeedback therapy in humans with PD. In this pilot study, one patient, diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease 10 years prior, participated in two consecutive days of EEG neurofeedback training to increase sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) power over the motor cortex. Using a visual display connected to ongoing EEG, the patient voluntarily manipulated SMR power, and he/she was awarded with points to positively reinforce successful increases over a predefined threshold. Recorded EEG data were source localized and analyzed for the occurrence of high amplitude bursts of SMR activity as well as bursts in the beta frequency band in the precentral cortex. The rate of SMR bursts increased with each subsequent training session, while the rate of beta bursts only increased on the final session. Relative power in the beta band, a marker of PD symptom severity, decreased over the motor cortex in the later session. These results provide first evidence for the feasibility of SMR neurofeedback training as a non-invasive therapy for reducing Parkinson’s disease related activity and upregulating SMR in the human motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Cook
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kristina J Pfeifer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Peter A Tass
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Lee YJ, Kim HG, Cheon EJ, Kim K, Choi JH, Kim JY, Kim JM, Koo BH. The Analysis of Electroencephalography Changes Before and After a Single Neurofeedback Alpha/Theta Training Session in University Students. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2020; 44:173-184. [PMID: 30903394 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-019-09432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of alpha/theta neurofeedback training have not been fully determined. Therefore, this study aimed to test the changes in the brain state feedback during the alpha/theta training. Twenty-seven healthy participants were trained during a single session of the alpha/theta protocol, and the resting quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) was assessed before and after training. QEEG was recorded at eight scalp locations (F3, F4, C3, C4, T3, T4, O1, and O2), and the absolute power, relative power, ratio of sensory-motor rhythm beta (SMR) to theta (RST), ratio of SMR-mid beta to theta (RSMT), ratio of mid beta to theta (RMT), ratio of alpha to high beta (RAHB), and scaling exponent of detrended fluctuation analysis by each band were measured. The results indicated a significant increase of absolute alpha power, especially the slow alpha band, at all electrodes except T3 and T4. Moreover, the relative alpha power, especially the slow alpha band, showed a significant increase at all electrodes. The relative theta power showed a significant decrease at all electrodes, except T3. A significant decrease in relative beta power, relative lower beta power and relative mid beta power was observed at O1. RST (at C4, O1, and O2), RSMT and RMT (at F4, C4, O1 and O2), and RAHB (at all electrodes) showed significant increase. Scaling exponents at all electrodes except T3 showed a significant decrease. These findings indicate that a one-time session of alpha/theta training might have the possibility to enhance both vigilance and concentration, thus stabilizing the overall brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ji Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Geum Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 317-1, Daemyeong 5-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Cheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 317-1, Daemyeong 5-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiseong Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, 875, Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yean Kim
- Department of Psychology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 317-1, Daemyeong 5-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Kim
- The Graduate School of Public Health and Social Welfare, Kyungil University, 50, Gamasil-gil, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hoon Koo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 317-1, Daemyeong 5-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Oh HJ, Song GB. Effects of neurofeedback training on the brain wave of adults with forward head posture. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2938-2941. [PMID: 27821966 PMCID: PMC5088157 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of neurofeedback training on electroencephalogram changes in the cervical spine in adults with forward head posture through x-ray. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of the study were 40 college students with forward head posture, randomly divided into a neurofeedback training group (NFTG, n=20) and a control group (CG, n=20). The neurofeedback training group performed six sessions of pottery and archery games, each for two minutes, three times per week for four weeks, while using the neurofeedback system. [Results] There were significant effects within and between groups in terms of the Delta wave, the Theta wave, the Alpha wave, the Beta wave, or the sensory motor rhythm. Especially, the Delta wave, Beta wave, and the sensory motor rhythm were showed significant effects between the groups. [Conclusion] It is thought that neurofeedback training, a training approach to self-regulate brain waves, enhances concentration and relaxation without stress, as well as an increase in attention, memory, and verbal cognitive performance. Therefore an effective intervention method to improve neck pain and daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Oh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Taegu Science University,
Republic of Korea
| | - Gui-Bin Song
- Department of Physical Therapy Yeungnam University College, Republic of Korea
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7
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Abstract
Neurofeedback is a technique to learn to control brain signals by means of real time feedback. In the present study, the individual ability to learn two EEG neurofeedback protocols - sensorimotor rhythm and gamma rhythm - was related to structural properties of the brain. The volumes in the anterior insula bilaterally, left thalamus, right frontal operculum, right putamen, right middle frontal gyrus, and right lingual gyrus predicted the outcomes of sensorimotor rhythm training. Gray matter volumes in the supplementary motor area and left middle frontal gyrus predicted the outcomes of gamma rhythm training. These findings combined with further evidence from the literature are compatible with the existence of a more general self-control network, which through self-referential and self-control processes regulates neurofeedback learning.
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Wood G, Kober SE, Witte M, Neuper C. On the need to better specify the concept of "control" in brain-computer-interfaces/neurofeedback research. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:171. [PMID: 25324735 PMCID: PMC4179325 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming at a better specification of the concept of “control” in brain-computer-interfaces (BCIs) and neurofeedback (NF) research, we propose to distinguish “self-control of brain activity” from the broader concept of “BCI control”, since the first describes a neurocognitive phenomenon and is only one of the many components of “BCI control”. Based on this distinction, we developed a framework based on dual-processes theory that describes the cognitive determinants of self-control of brain activity as the interplay of automatic vs. controlled information processing. Further, we distinguish between cognitive processes that are necessary and sufficient to achieve a given level of self-control of brain activity and those which are not. We discuss that those cognitive processes which are not necessary for the learning process can hamper self-control because they cannot be completely turned-off at any time. This framework aims at a comprehensive description of the cognitive determinants of the acquisition of self-control of brain activity underlying those classes of BCI which require the user to achieve regulation of brain activity as well as NF learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Wood
- Department of Psychology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz Graz, Austria ; BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Erika Kober
- Department of Psychology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz Graz, Austria ; BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Witte
- Department of Psychology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz Graz, Austria ; BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | - Christa Neuper
- Department of Psychology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz Graz, Austria ; BioTechMed Graz, Austria
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Oh H, Jeon J, Kim Y. The Effects of Gong’s Mobilization on the Cervical Range of Motion and the Resting and Concentration States of the Brain of College Students. J Phys Ther Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.24.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- HyunJu Oh
- Department of Rehabilitayion Science Graduate School, Daegu University
| | - Jinyeol Jeon
- Department of Sports Science, Daegu Catholic Uiversity
| | - Yeonju Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate school of Daegu University
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Sürmeli T, Ertem A. Obsessive compulsive disorder and the efficacy of qEEG-guided neurofeedback treatment: a case series. Clin EEG Neurosci 2011; 42:195-201. [PMID: 21870473 DOI: 10.1177/155005941104200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While neurofeedback (NF) has been extensively studied in the treatment of many disorders, there have been only three published reports, by D.C. Hammond, on its clinical effects in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In this paper the efficacy of qEEG-guided NF for subjects with OCD was studied as a case series. The goal was to examine the clinical course of the OCD symptoms and assess the efficacy of qEEG guided NF training on clinical outcome measures. Thirty-six drug resistant subjects with OCD were assigned to 9-84 sessions of QEEG-guided NF treatment. Daily sessions lasted 60 minutes where 2 sessions with half-hour applications with a 30 minute rest given between sessions were conducted per day. Thirty-three out of 36 subjects who received NF training showed clinical improvement according to the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS). The Minnesota multiphasic inventory (MMPI) was administered before and after treatment to 17 of the subjects. The MMPI results showed significant improvements not only in OCD measures, but all of the MMPI scores showed a general decrease. Finally, according to the physicians' evaluation of the subjects using the clinical global impression scale (CGI), 33 of the 36 subjects were rated as improved. Thirty-six of the subjects were followed for an average of 26 months after completing the study. According to follow-up interviews conducted with them and/or their family members 19 of the subjects maintained the improvements in their OCD symptoms. This study provides good evidence for the efficacy of NF treatment in OCD. The results of this study encourage further controlled research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanju Sürmeli
- Healthy Living Center for Research and Education, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Surmeli T, Ertem A. Post WISC-R and TOVA improvement with QEEG guided neurofeedback training in mentally retarded: a clinical case series of behavioral problems. Clin EEG Neurosci 2010; 41:32-41. [PMID: 20307014 DOI: 10.1177/155005941004100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to the DSM-IV, Mental Retardation is significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning accompanied by significant limitations in adaptive functioning in at least two of the following skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health and safety. In pilot work, we have seen positive clinical effects of Neurofeedback (NF) applied to children with Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) and other forms of mental retardation. Given that many clinicians use NF in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Generalized Learning Disability cases, we studied the outcomes of a clinical case series using Quantitative EEG (QEEG) guided NF in the treatment of mental retardation. All 23 subjects received NF training. The QEEG data for most subjects had increased theta, alpha, and coherence abnormalities. A few showed increased delta over the cortex. Some of the subjects were very poor in reading and some had illegible handwriting, and most subjects had academic failures, impulsive behavior, and very poor attention, concentration, memory problems, and social skills. This case series shows the impact of QEEG-guided NF training on these clients' clinical outcomes. Fourteen out of 23 subjects formerly took medications without any improvement. Twenty-three subjects ranging from 7-16 years old attending private learning centers were previously diagnosed with mental retardation (severity of degree: from moderate to mild) at various university hospitals. Evaluation measures included QEEG analysis, WISC-R (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised) IQ test, TOVA (Test of Variables of Attention) test, and DPC-P (Developmental Behaviour Checklist) were filled out by the parents. NF trainings were performed by Lexicor Biolex software. NX-Link was the commercial software reference database used to target the treatment protocols, along with the clinical judgment of the first author. QEEG signals were sampled at 128 samples per second per channel and electrodes were placed according to the International 10-20 system. Between 80 and 160 NF training sessions were completed, depending on the case. None of the subjects received any special education during NF treatment. Two subjects with the etiology of epilepsy were taking medication, and the other 21 subjects were medication-free at the baseline. Twenty-two out of 23 patients who received NF training showed clinical improvement according to the DPC-P with QEEG reports. Nineteen out of 23 patients showed significant improvement on the WISC-R, and the TOVA. For the WISC-R test, 2 showed decline on total IQ due to the decline on some of the subtests, 2 showed no improvement on total IQ although improvement was seen on some of the subtests, however even these cases showed improvement on QEEG and DPC-P. This study provides the first evidence for positive effects of NF treatment in mental retardation. The results of this study encourage further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanju Surmeli
- Living Mental Healthy Center for Research and Education, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Birbaumer N, Cohen LG. Brain-computer interfaces: communication and restoration of movement in paralysis. J Physiol 2007; 579:621-36. [PMID: 17234696 PMCID: PMC2151357 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.125633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The review describes the status of brain-computer or brain-machine interface research. We focus on non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and their clinical utility for direct brain communication in paralysis and motor restoration in stroke. A large gap between the promises of invasive animal and human BCI preparations and the clinical reality characterizes the literature: while intact monkeys learn to execute more or less complex upper limb movements with spike patterns from motor brain regions alone without concomitant peripheral motor activity usually after extensive training, clinical applications in human diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and paralysis from stroke or spinal cord lesions show only limited success, with the exception of verbal communication in paralysed and locked-in patients. BCIs based on electroencephalographic potentials or oscillations are ready to undergo large clinical studies and commercial production as an adjunct or a major assisted communication device for paralysed and locked-in patients. However, attempts to train completely locked-in patients with BCI communication after entering the complete locked-in state with no remaining eye movement failed. We propose that a lack of contingencies between goal directed thoughts and intentions may be at the heart of this problem. Experiments with chronically curarized rats support our hypothesis; operant conditioning and voluntary control of autonomic physiological functions turned out to be impossible in this preparation. In addition to assisted communication, BCIs consisting of operant learning of EEG slow cortical potentials and sensorimotor rhythm were demonstrated to be successful in drug resistant focal epilepsy and attention deficit disorder. First studies of non-invasive BCIs using sensorimotor rhythm of the EEG and MEG in restoration of paralysed hand movements in chronic stroke and single cases of high spinal cord lesions show some promise, but need extensive evaluation in well-controlled experiments. Invasive BMIs based on neuronal spike patterns, local field potentials or electrocorticogram may constitute the strategy of choice in severe cases of stroke and spinal cord paralysis. Future directions of BCI research should include the regulation of brain metabolism and blood flow and electrical and magnetic stimulation of the human brain (invasive and non-invasive). A series of studies using BOLD response regulation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and near infrared spectroscopy demonstrated a tight correlation between voluntary changes in brain metabolism and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Birbaumer
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Duff J. The usefulness of quantitative EEG (QEEG) and neurotherapy in the assessment and treatment of post-concussion syndrome. Clin EEG Neurosci 2004; 35:198-209. [PMID: 15493535 DOI: 10.1177/155005940403500410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with damage to frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. Post-concussion syndrome has been used to describe a range of residual symptoms that persist 12 months or more after the injury, often despite a lack of evidence of brain abnormalities on MRI and CT scans. The core deficits of post-concussion syndrome are similar to those of ADHD and mood disorders, and sufferers often report memory, socialization problems and frequent headaches. While cognitive rehabilitation and psychological support are widely used, neither has been shown to be effective in redressing the core deficits of post-concussion syndrome. On the other hand, quantitative EEG has been shown to be highly sensitive (96%) in identifying post-concussion syndrome, and neurotherapy has been shown in a number of studies to be effective in significantly improving or redressing the symptoms of post-concussion syndrome, as well as improving similar symptoms in non-TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Duff
- Swinburne University of Technology, Brain Sciences Institute, 400 Burwood Rd, Hawthorn 3122, Australia.
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Rogowski Z, Gath I, Bental E. On the prediction of epileptic seizures. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 1981; 42:9-15. [PMID: 6799009 DOI: 10.1007/bf00335153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 12 epileptic patients suffering from "absences" 8-channel EEG was recorded by telemetry. The autoregressive model was applied to the signal and the prediction coefficients being the basis for calculation of the poles of the predictor. The location of the poles in the z- and s-planes was described as a function of time for 0.1 s steps along the pre-seizure EEG. In 10 of the 12 patients, and in 25 of the 28 recorded seizures this presentation of the poles of the predictor showed specific pattern linked with the occurrence of the seizure. The trajectory of the "most mobile pole" during the pre-seizure period could aid in the prediction of the seizure by several seconds.
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