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De Oliveira P, Juneau C, Stinus C, Corman M, Michelli N, Pellerin N, Shankland R, Dambrun M. Cultivating Self-Transcendence Through Meditation Practice: A Test of the Role of Meta-Awareness, (Dis)identification and Non-Reactivity. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241246469. [PMID: 38669443 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241246469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a study comprising two distinct stages to examine the extent to which metacognitive processes of decentering facilitate the emergence of self-transcendence experiences in everyday life (i.e., the frequency of self-transcendent emotions, flow proneness, and adopting an interconnected identity). In the course of conducting this research, the first stage (N = 374) focused on assessing the structure and validity of the French version of the Metacognitive Processes of Decentering Scale (MPoD-t). Building on this, the second stage (N = 294) examined the potential relationship between meditative practices and psychological decentering processes (i.e., meta-awareness, (dis)identification with internal experiences, and (non)reactivity to thought content) and explored whether these mechanisms explain the association between meditative practices and the experience of self-transcendent states. Overall, the results demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties of the French version of the MPoD and provided enhanced insights into the distinct mediating roles played by various decentering components in the manifestation of self-transcendence experiences in daily life. Indeed, the findings revealed that the relationship between practice and the occurrence of self-transcendent emotions or flow was mediated by the meta-awareness component, while the association between practice and the development of an interconnected identity was explained by the (dis)identification with internal experiences component. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Céline Stinus
- C2S, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Maya Corman
- LAPSCO CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Noemi Michelli
- LabPsy UR 4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Michael Dambrun
- LAPSCO CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Özcan D, Karapapak M. Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on acute central serous chorioretinopathy: a randomized control trial. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:183. [PMID: 38627308 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the positive effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the structural and functional outcomes of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). METHODS This study included 60 patients with CSCR who were randomly allocated to one of two groups: MBSR or control (which did not practice MBSR). These groups were then evaluated in terms of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) at months 1, 3, and 6. RESULTS There were no significant differences in BCVA or mean CMT between the groups at the beginning of the study (p = 0.615 and p = 0.561, respectively). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of BCVA at 1, 3, and 6 months (p = 0.018, p = 0.001, and p = 0.002, respectively). There were also significant differences in the mean CMT across the groups at the first, third, and sixth months (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION MBSR may have beneficial outcomes in the early treatment of patients with CSCR, resulting in faster resolution of subretinal fluid and enhancement of BCVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delil Özcan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seyrantepe Hamidiye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet Street, Huzur District, 34396, Seyrantepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Karapapak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Petrovic J, Mettler J, Cho S, Heath NL. The effects of loving-kindness interventions on positive and negative mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 110:102433. [PMID: 38652973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Loving-kindness meditations involve sending feelings of kindness and care to a series of people including oneself, loved ones, strangers, and all beings. Loving-kindness interventions (LKIs), which include knowledge and/or practice related to loving-kindness, have been gaining attention as a potential intervention for improving mental health in adults. This meta-analysis synthesized the effects of LKIs on both positive (i.e., mindfulness, compassion, positive affect) and negative (i.e., negative affect, psychological symptoms) indices of mental health across comparison types (i.e., passive control, active control, alternative treatment) and general sample types (i.e., community, university), and explored characteristics of LKIs that may impact their effectiveness (i.e., intervention format, intervention length, presence/absence of a live facilitator). Following a systematic review of six databases in November 2023, 23 randomized controlled studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Relative to passive control groups, LKIs had positive effects on mindfulness, compassion, positive affect, negative affect, and psychological symptoms; these effects were non-significant relative to active control groups and alternative therapeutic treatments. Notably, the effects of LKIs did not differ as a function of sample type, intervention format, intervention length, or the presence/absence of a live facilitator. Findings provide support for the effectiveness of LKIs relative to passive control conditions, as well as their potential comparability to alternative evidence-based therapeutic treatments, and provide insight into resource-effective approaches to the delivery of effective LKIs. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the impacts of LKIs relative to other interventions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Petrovic
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology (ECP), McGill University, Canada.
| | | | - Sohyun Cho
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology (ECP), McGill University, Canada
| | - Nancy L Heath
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology (ECP), McGill University, Canada
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Kotherová S, Cigán J, Štěpánková L, Vyskočilová M, Littnerová S, Ejova A, Sepši M. Adverse Effects of Meditation: Autonomic Nervous System Activation and Individual Nauseous Responses During Samadhi Meditation in the Czech Republic. J Relig Health 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02024-5. [PMID: 38605255 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Buddhist meditation practices, including Samadhi meditation, which forms the basis for mindfulness practice, are broadly promoted as pathways to wellbeing, but evidence of their adverse effects is emerging. In a single-group observational study with assessments of autonomic system before, during, and after Samadhi meditation, we explore the relationship between post-meditation nausea symptoms and the degree of change in autonomic system activity during meditation as compared to before and after in 57 university students (42 women; mean age = 22.6) without any previous experience in meditation or yoga practices. We hypothesize that nauseous feelings in meditation are connected to a rapid increase of activity in the sympathetic nervous system, as indicated by decreased heart-rate variability (HRV). We additionally explore links between meditation-induced nausea and two markers of parasympathetic activity: increased HRV and vasovagal syncope. Engaging in meditation and increased nausea during meditation were both associated with increased markers of HRV parasympathetic activity, but 12 individuals with markedly higher nausea demonstrated increased HRV markers of sympathetic activity during meditation. Vasovagal syncope was observed but found to be unrelated to nausea levels. Drivers of adverse effects of meditation in some individuals require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie Kotherová
- Department of Sociology, Andragogy and Cultural Anthropology, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Cigán
- Laboratory for the Experimental Research of Religion (LEVYNA), Department for the Study of Religions, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Štěpánková
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Psychology Research Institute-Research departments, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Vyskočilová
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Littnerová
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anastasia Ejova
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Milan Sepši
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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5
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Tisdell EJ, Lukic B, Banerjee R, Liao D, Palmer C. The Effects of Heart Rhythm Meditation on Vagal Tone and Well-being: A Mixed Methods Research Study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024:10.1007/s10484-024-09639-0. [PMID: 38605265 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-024-09639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have examined the effects of meditation practice focused on the normal breath on vagal tone with mixed results. Heart Rhythm Meditation (HRM) is a unique meditation form that engages in the deep slow full breath, and puts the focus of attention on the heart. This form of breathing likely stimulates the vagus nerve with greater intensity. The purpose of this study was (a) to examine how the practice of HRM affects vagal activity as measured by heart rate variability (HRV); and (b) to examine how it affects participants' well-being. 74 participants signed consent agreeing to: (a) take a six-week course to learn the practice of HRM; (b) engage in a daily practice for 10 weeks; (c) have their heart rate variability read through ECG technology and to take two validated well-being instruments at the beginning and end of the 10 weeks; and (d) participate in a focus group interview examining their perceptions of how the practice affected their well-being. 48 participants completed the study. Quantitative findings show the effect of the practice of HRM approached significance for multiple measures of HRV and vagal tone. An increase in well-being scores for those who did the meditation more than 10-minutes per day did meet statistical significance. Qualitative data indicate: (a) the positive effects of HRM on stress and well-being; (b) the development of a more expanded sense of self; and (c) an increased awareness of the interconnection of the body-heart-emotions and HRM's role in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Tisdell
- Adult Education Graduate Programs, Division of Health and Professional Studies, Penn State University, Harrisburg, PA, USA.
| | - Branka Lukic
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Ruhi Banerjee
- Adult Education Graduate Programs, Division of Health and Professional Studies, Penn State University, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Charles Palmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
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Khabiri R, Jahangiry L, Abbasian M, Majidi F, Farhangi MA, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Ponnet K. Spiritually Based Interventions for High Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Relig Health 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02034-3. [PMID: 38565834 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritually based interventions on blood pressure (BP) among adults. A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to identify studies evaluating spiritual interventions, including meditation, transcendental meditation, mindfulness meditation, and yoga, for high BP among adults up to January 1, 2022. The inclusion criteria were (a) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), (b) studies in English or Persian, (c) studies conducted among adults (≥ 18 years), and (d) studies reporting systolic or diastolic BP. Given the high heterogeneity of these studies, a random effect model was used to calculate the effect sizes for the RCTs. In total, the systematic review included 24 studies and the meta-analysis included 23 studies. As some of studies reported two or more outcome measurements, separate estimates of each outcome were extracted for that study (24 datasets). Fifteen trials reported the mean (SD) systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 13 trials reported the mean (SD) diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In addition, 13 studies reported means (SDs) and six trials reported mean changes in DBP. A significant decrease was found in systolic BP following intervention ((WMD (weighted mean difference) = - 7.63 [- 9.61 to - 5.65; P < 0.001]). We observed significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 96.9; P < 0.001). A significant decrease was observed in DBP following the interventions (WMD = - 4.75 [- 6.45 to - 3.05; P < 0.001]). Spiritually based interventions including meditation and yoga had beneficial effects in reducing both SBP and DBP. Reducing BP can be expected to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Khabiri
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Jahangiry
- Health Education and Health Promotion Department, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Abbasian
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Geriatric Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatollah Majidi
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Koen Ponnet
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Imec-Mict-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Merlet I, Guillery M, Weyl L, Hammal M, Maliia M, Maliia S, Biraben A, Ricordeau C, Drapier D, Nica A. EEG changes induced by meditative practices: State and trait effects in healthy subjects and in patients with epilepsy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:326-347. [PMID: 38503588 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2024.02.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The effect of meditation on brain activity has been the topic of many studies in healthy subjects and in patients suffering from chronic diseases. These effects are either explored during meditation practice (state effects) or as a longer-term result of meditation training during the resting-state (trait). The topic of this article is to first review these findings by focusing on electroencephalography (EEG) changes in healthy subjects with or without experience in meditation. Modifications in EEG baseline rhythms, functional connectivity and advanced nonlinear parameters are discussed in regard to feasibility in clinical applications. Secondly, we provide a state-of-the-art of studies that proposed meditative practices as a complementary therapy in patients with epilepsy, in whom anxiety and depressive symptoms are prevalent. In these studies, the effects of standardized meditation programs including elements of traditional meditation practices such as mindfulness, loving-kindness and compassion are explored both at the level of psychological functioning and on the occurrence of seizures. Lastly, preliminary results are given regarding our ongoing study, the aim of which is to quantify the effects of a mindfulness self-compassion (MSC) practice on interictal and ictal epileptic activity. Feasibility, difficulties, and prospects of this study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Merlet
- Universitiy of Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - M Guillery
- Centre Hospitalier Guillaume-Regnier (CHGR), University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - L Weyl
- Centre Hospitalier Guillaume-Regnier (CHGR), University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - M Hammal
- Centre Hospitalier Guillaume-Regnier (CHGR), University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - M Maliia
- Universitiy of Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France; Epilepsy Unit, Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Neurology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; Center for Clinical Investigation CIC-P INSERM 1414, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - S Maliia
- Centre Hospitalier Guillaume-Regnier (CHGR), University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - A Biraben
- Universitiy of Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France; Epilepsy Unit, Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Neurology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; Center for Clinical Investigation CIC-P INSERM 1414, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - C Ricordeau
- Epilepsy Resource Team, 54, rue Saint-Helier, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - D Drapier
- Centre Hospitalier Guillaume-Regnier (CHGR), University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - A Nica
- Universitiy of Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France; Epilepsy Unit, Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Neurology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; Center for Clinical Investigation CIC-P INSERM 1414, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Kjærvik SL, Bushman BJ. A meta-analytic review of anger management activities that increase or decrease arousal: What fuels or douses rage? Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 109:102414. [PMID: 38518585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Anger is an unpleasant emotion that most people want to get rid of. Some anger management activities focus on decreasing arousal (e.g., deep breathing, mindfulness, meditation), whereas others focus on increasing arousal (e.g., hitting a bag, jogging, cycling). This meta-analytic review, based on 154 studies including 184 independent samples involving 10,189 participants, tested the effectiveness of both types of activities. The results indicated that arousal-decreasing activities decreased anger and aggression (g = -0.63, [-0.82, -0.43]), and the results were robust. Effects were stable over time for participants of different genders, races, ages, and cultures. Arousal-decreasing activities were effective in students and non-students, in criminal offenders and non-offenders, and in individuals with and without intellectual disabilities. Arousal-decreasing activities were effective regardless of how they were delivered (e.g., digital platforms, researchers, therapists), in both group and individual sessions, and in both field and laboratory settings. In contrast, arousal-increasing activities were ineffective overall (g = -0.02, [-0.13, 0.09]) and were heterogenous and complex. These findings do not support the ideas that venting anger or going for a run are effective anger management activities. A more effective approach for managing anger is "turning down the heat" or calming down by engaging in activities that decrease arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Kjærvik
- The Ohio State University, USA; Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.
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Joshi AM, Raveendran AV, Arumugam M. Therapeutic role of yoga in hypertension. World J Methodol 2024; 14:90127. [PMID: 38577206 PMCID: PMC10989416 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i1.90127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic hypertension is an established risk factor for coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular accident and control of blood pressure reduces the risk of a major cardiovascular event. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options are available to treat hypertension. Yoga, recently received more attention as a treatment modality for various lifestyle disorders, even though practiced in India since ancient times. In this review, we are analyzing the role of yoga in the treatment of systemic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mangesh Joshi
- Department of Psycho-Oncology, HCG NCHRI Cancer Center, Nagpur 440026, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arkiath Veettil Raveendran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Former Assistant Professor of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode 673010, Kerala, India
| | - Muruganathan Arumugam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Past president API Past Governor American College of Physicians Past President Hypertension Society of India Past Dean Indian College of Physicians, Tirupur 641602, Tamilnadu, India
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Lee E, Hong JK, Choi H, Yoon IY. Modest Effects of Neurofeedback-Assisted Meditation Using a Wearable Device on Stress Reduction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Controlled Study. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e94. [PMID: 38469966 PMCID: PMC10927393 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of a neurofeedback wearable device for stress reduction. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, controlled study was designed. Participants had psychological stress with depression or sleep disturbances. They practiced either neurofeedback-assisted meditation (n = 20; female, 15 [75.0%]; age, 49.40 ± 11.76 years) or neurofeedback non-assisted meditation (n = 18; female, 11 [61.1%]; age, 48.67 ± 12.90 years) for 12 minutes twice a day for two weeks. Outcome variables were self-reported questionnaires, including the Korean version of the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and State Trait Anxiety Index, quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), and blood tests. Satisfaction with device use was measured at the final visit. RESULTS The experimental group had a significant change in PSS score after two weeks of intervention compared with the control group (6.45 ± 0.95 vs. 3.00 ± 5.54, P = 0.037). State anxiety tended to have a greater effect in the experimental group than in the control group (P = 0.078). Depressive mood and sleep also improved in each group, with no significant difference between the two groups. There were no significant differences in stress-related physiological parameters, such as stress hormones or qEEG, between the two groups. Subjective device satisfaction was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Neurofeedback-assisted meditation using a wearable device can help improve subjective stress reduction compared with non-assisted meditation. These results support neurofeedback as an effective adjunct to meditation for relieving stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0007413.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Kyung Hong
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hayun Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Young Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Borghesi F, Cremascoli R, Chirico A, Bianchi L, Di Moia A, Priano L, Piedimonte A, Mauro A, Cipresso P. Mind and body connection in expert meditators: a computational study based on central and peripheral nervous system. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:117. [PMID: 38454382 PMCID: PMC10921575 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A meditative 'technique' is conceived as a continuum of different affective states involving mind and body jointly. Meditative practices can involve cognitive effort (e.g., focused attention and open-minded techniques), as well as automatic and implicit practices (e.g., transcendental techniques). The NGALSO tantric self-healing meditation technique is a brief, comprehensive meditation technique relying on mind and body connection. In this study, we aimed to investigate the state and the trait neurophysiological correlates of NGALSO meditation practice. First, 19 EEG channels and a 3-lead ECG signal were recorded from 10 expert meditators (more than 7 years of daily meditation) and 10 healthy inexpert participants (controls) who underwent the same meditative procedure. The neuropsychological profiles of experts and controls were compared. Results showed that expert meditators had significantly higher power spectra on alpha, theta and beta, and a higher sympathetic tone with lower parasympathetic tone after meditation. Conversely, the control group had significantly less power spectra on alpha, theta and beta, and a higher parasympathetic tone with lower sympathetic tone after meditation. A machine learning approach also allowed us to classify experts vs. controls correctly by using only EEG Theta bands before or after meditation. ECG results allowed us to show a significantly higher effort by expert meditators vs. controls, thus suggesting that a higher effort is required for this meditation, in line with the principle 'no pain, no gain' in body and mind.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Cremascoli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Alice Chirico
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Amalia Di Moia
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Priano
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mauro
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
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Bailey NW, Fulcher BD, Caldwell B, Hill AT, Fitzgibbon B, van Dijk H, Fitzgerald PB. Uncovering a stability signature of brain dynamics associated with meditation experience using massive time-series feature extraction. Neural Netw 2024; 171:171-185. [PMID: 38091761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has examined resting electroencephalographic (EEG) data to explore brain activity related to meditation. However, previous research has mostly examined power in different frequency bands. The practical objective of this study was to comprehensively test whether other types of time-series analysis methods are better suited to characterize brain activity related to meditation. To achieve this, we compared >7000 time-series features of the EEG signal to comprehensively characterize brain activity differences in meditators, using many measures that are novel in meditation research. Eyes-closed resting-state EEG data from 49 meditators and 46 non-meditators was decomposed into the top eight principal components (PCs). We extracted 7381 time-series features from each PC and each participant and used them to train classification algorithms to identify meditators. Highly differentiating individual features from successful classifiers were analysed in detail. Only the third PC (which had a central-parietal maximum) showed above-chance classification accuracy (67 %, pFDR = 0.007), for which 405 features significantly distinguished meditators (all pFDR < 0.05). Top-performing features indicated that meditators exhibited more consistent statistical properties across shorter subsegments of their EEG time-series (higher stationarity) and displayed an altered distributional shape of values about the mean. By contrast, classifiers trained with traditional band-power measures did not distinguish the groups (pFDR > 0.05). Our novel analysis approach suggests the key signatures of meditators' brain activity are higher temporal stability and a distribution of time-series values suggestive of longer, larger, or more frequent non-outlying voltage deviations from the mean within the third PC of their EEG data. The higher temporal stability observed in this EEG component might underpin the higher attentional stability associated with meditation. The novel time-series properties identified here have considerable potential for future exploration in meditation research and the analysis of neural dynamics more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil W Bailey
- Monarch Research Institute, Monarch Mental Health Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Central Clinical School, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ben D Fulcher
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Bridget Caldwell
- Monarch Research Institute, Monarch Mental Health Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aron T Hill
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bernadette Fitzgibbon
- Monarch Research Institute, Monarch Mental Health Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Central Clinical School, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanneke van Dijk
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, the Kingdom of the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Kingdom of the Netherlands
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monarch Research Institute, Monarch Mental Health Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Canby NK, Lindahl J, Britton WB, Córdova JV. Clarifying and measuring the characteristics of experiences that involve a loss of self or a dissolution of its boundaries. Conscious Cogn 2024; 119:103655. [PMID: 38346364 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Mystical experience, non-dual awareness, selflessness, self-transcendent experience, and ego-dissolution have become increasingly prominent constructs in meditation and psychedelic research. However, these constructs and their measures tend to be highly overlapping, imprecise, and poorly integrated with similar pathological experiences. The present study seeks to clarify the common factors involved in the characteristics of these experiences using precise distinctions across an array of experience contexts (including meditation, psychedelics, and psychopathology). Participants (N = 386) completed an online survey about an experience that involved either a dissolution of self-boundaries or a loss of selfhood. Confirmatory factor analyses resulted in 16 experience characteristics, including multiple types of changes in sense of self, co-occurring phenomenology, and cognitive and affective responses. Qualitative thematic analysis provided rich descriptions of experience characteristics. Taken together, results lead to a more specific measurement model and descriptive account of experiences involving a loss of self or self-boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Canby
- Department of Psychology, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jared Lindahl
- Department of Religious Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Willoughby B Britton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James V Córdova
- Department of Psychology, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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14
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Baishya A, Metri K. Effects of yoga on hypothyroidism: A systematic review. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100891. [PMID: 38507967 PMCID: PMC10966165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence from clinical trials has shown positive effects of yoga on hypothyroidism. To date, there is no review of these studies. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of yoga as a therapeutic intervention for hypothyroidism. PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, and Science Direct databases were searched to identify relevant literature. The review included clinical studies that evaluated the effects of yoga on hypothyroidism. Studies that were not conducted inenglish, unavailable, non-experimental, or those that were reviews, case studies, case reports, not based on yoga, involved yoga as a intervention, or included a mixed population were excluded. Eleven studies (n = 516) met the eligibility criteria. Of these, four studies were RCTs, two non-RCTs and five were pretest-posttest studies. The duration of the yoga intervention varied from 1 to 6 months. Most of these studies adopted a combination of suryanamaskar, asana, pranayama and meditation. On quality assessment, one study had a low risk of bias (1 RCT), six studies had a moderate risk of bias (3 RCTs, one non-RCT and two pretest-posttest studies), and four studies had a high risk of bias (1 non-RCT and three pretest-posttest studies). The outcome measures assessed were TSH, T3, T4, and thyroid medication usage, lipid indices, BMI, heart rate variability, pulmonary measures, blood glucose, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, quality of life and sleep. The majority of the studies reported significant improvements in these outcomes following yoga intervention. This systematic review reports evidence for effects of yoga on various outcome measures in hypothyroidism, suggesting its possible role in the management of hypothyroidism. However, there is a need for adequately powered, high-quality RCT studies in the future to draw a definitive conclusion.
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Mehta S, Chahal A, Malik S, Rai RH, Malhotra N, Vajrala KR, Sidiq M, Sharma A, Sharma N, Kashoo FZ. Evading Musculoskeletal Conditions Using Qigong as a Rescue Technique. J Lifestyle Med 2024; 14:6-12. [PMID: 38665317 PMCID: PMC11039444 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2024.14.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Classically, Qigong is a Chinese technique that has been practiced in China for the past 3,000 years for healing the inner self. Qigong, wherein "Qi" means body energy and "Gong" denotes cultivation, regulates the energy flow in the body. The Qigong technique comprises a package of deep breathing training, gentle and rhythmic movement, and muscle-strengthening exercises that heal the body to activate one's internal soul energy. It has demonstrated its efficacy by inducing relaxation, building up stamina, strengthening immunity, appreciating muscle conditioning, and minimizing anxiety and depression. Furthermore, it has been beneficial in improving awareness of joint and movement senses. Specifically, Qigong brings healing by regulating energy flow in the whole-body systems. Moreover, it has exhibited a variety of regenerating effects by inducing emotional and mental relaxation. In today's world, Qigong exercises are being used for treating musculoskeletal disorders that are work- and stress-related by nature. Qigong is practiced globally as deep breathing exercises, and meditation is practiced for peace of mind and spirituality, whereas vigorous practice includes martial arts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mehta
- Dukhbhanjni Charitable Polyclinic, Shri Guru Hargobind Sahib Sewa Society, Haryana, India
| | - Aksh Chahal
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Malik
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Hirendra Rai
- School of Physiotherapy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU) Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitesh Malhotra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Reddy Vajrala
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Sidiq
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Physiotherapy, Arogyam Institute of Paramedical and Allied Sciences (Affiliated to H.N.B. Uttarakhand Medical Education University), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Health Science, Uttaranchal College of Health Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Faizan Zaffar Kashoo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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McAlpine RG, Sacchet MD, Simonsson O, Khan M, Krajnovic K, Morometescu L, Kamboj SK. Development of a digital intervention for psychedelic preparation (DIPP). Sci Rep 2024; 14:4072. [PMID: 38374177 PMCID: PMC10876638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychedelic substances induce profound alterations in consciousness. Careful preparation is therefore essential to limit adverse reactions, enhance therapeutic benefits, and maintain user safety. This paper describes the development of a self-directed, digital intervention for psychedelic preparation. Drawing on elements from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing complex interventions, the design was informed by a four-factor model of psychedelic preparedness, using a person-centred approach. Our mixed-methods investigation consisted of two studies. The first involved interviews with 19 participants who had previously attended a 'high-dose' psilocybin retreat, systematically exploring their preparation behaviours and perspectives on the proposed intervention. The second study engaged 28 attendees of an ongoing psilocybin retreat in co-design workshops, refining the intervention protocol using insights from the initial interviews. The outcome is a co-produced 21-day digital course (Digital Intervention for Psychedelic Preparation (DIPP)), that is organised into four modules: Knowledge-Expectation, Psychophysical-Readiness, Safety-Planning, and Intention-Preparation. Fundamental components of the course include daily meditation practice, supplementary exercises tied to the weekly modules, and mood tracking. DIPP provides a comprehensive and scalable solution to enhance psychedelic preparedness, aligning with the broader shift towards digital mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind G McAlpine
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Otto Simonsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maisha Khan
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katarina Krajnovic
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Larisa Morometescu
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sunjeev K Kamboj
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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17
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Png CYM, Boitano LT, Srivastava SD, Mohapatra A, Malek JY, Stern JR, Eagleton MJ, Dua A. Room for improvement in patient compliance during peripheral vascular interventions. JVS Vasc Insights 2024; 2:100059. [PMID: 38505294 PMCID: PMC10949838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsvi.2024.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction For patients receiving Procedural Sedation and Analgesia (PSA), patient cooperation is crucial as patients remain continuously aware of operating room activity and can be asked to perform tasks such as prolonged breath-holds. This survey aimed to collect information on patient compliance with on-table instructions and its relation to periprocedural outcomes from surgeons nationwide performing peripheral vascular interventions (PVI) under PSA. Methods A 9-question online survey was sent to 383 vascular surgeons (including both vascular surgery attendings and trainees) across the United States through REDCap from August 30 to September 21, 2021, with responses closed on October 30, 2021. The survey response was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results 83 (21.6%) vascular surgeons responded to the survey, of which 67 (80.7%) were attending vascular surgeons and 16 (19.3%) were vascular surgery trainees. 41 (49.4%) respondents performed 11-20 PVI cases under PSA every month, while 31 (41.0%) respondents performed 1-10 PVI cases under PSA every month. 41 (49.4%) respondents reported that in 1-10% of their cases, additional contrast and/or radiation was administered because patient moved on the table or did not cooperate with breath holds; 25 (30.1%) reported that this occurred in 11-20% of their cases, 12 (14.5%) reported that this occurred in 21-50% of their cases and 4 (4.8%) reported that this occurred in over 50% of their cases. In such cases, the majority of respondents reported a 1-10% increase in contrast volume (59.0%), radiation dosage (62.7%), sedative/analgesia administration (46.3%) and procedural time (54.9%). Of cases being converted to general anesthesia due to inadequate patient cooperation, 35 (42.2%) respondents reported between 1-5 per month, and 3 (3.6%) respondents reported between 6-10 per month. Of cases being aborted due to inadequate patient cooperation, 25 (30.1%) respondents reported between 1-5 per month, and 1 (1.2%) respondents reported between 6-10 per month. Conclusion A significant fraction of PVI cases performed under PSA result in increased radiation and contrast exposure, sedative administration and procedural time due to inadequate patient cooperation. In certain cases, conversion to general anesthesia or case abortion is required. Further research should be performed to investigate strategies to minimize such adverse patient safety events.
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Sabé M, Kohler R, Perez N, Sauvain-Sabé M, Sentissi O, Jermann F, Prada P, Perroud N, Böge K. Mindfulness-based interventions for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:191-203. [PMID: 38157679 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have emerged as secular practices, including elements of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). While MBIs have been widely adopted for physical and mental illness, only a few available programs are explicitly adapted for psychosis. However, previous reviews have reported the vital heterogeneity regarding treatment program structure. Therefore, this review aims to compare the structure of different mindfulness protocols applied to patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). METHODS A systematic search was conducted up to March 2023 in PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo. Following our protocol (CRD 42023253356), we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. RESULTS We included 22 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1500 patients SSD. All programs varied in structure, session components, duration, and instructor experience. While MBSR-like programs focused on stress reactivity, MBCT-like programs addressed primary symptoms of psychosis and relapse prevention. Despite the heterogeneity of programs, some common mechanisms emerged, including attention training, emotion and stress regulation, decentering, self-compassion, and cognitive restructuring. CONCLUSIONS The critical heterogeneity found limits the interpretation of results. However, most recent trials present fewer risks of bias and more homogenous programs. Findings suggested potential benefits, such as reduced negative symptoms, increased well-being, and decreased hospitalization rates. For future studies, authors should align on more congruent MBIs programs for patients with SSD. Further research is needed to identify optimal mindfulness teaching approaches for patients with psychosis and investigate specific mechanisms of action, relevant processes, and optimal doses in varying settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Sabé
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 2, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, CH-1226 Thonex, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Raoul Kohler
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 2, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, CH-1226 Thonex, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Perez
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 2, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, CH-1226 Thonex, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Sauvain-Sabé
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 2, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, CH-1226 Thonex, Switzerland
| | - Othman Sentissi
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 2, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, CH-1226 Thonex, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francoise Jermann
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paco Prada
- Consultation Liaison and Crisis Intervention, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nader Perroud
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kerem Böge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Freie Universität Berlin; and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; German Center of Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
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19
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Williams M, Honan C, Skromanis S, Sanderson B, Matthews AJ. Psychological and attentional outcomes following acute mindfulness induction among high anxiety individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 170:361-374. [PMID: 38215647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training outcomes of mindfulness interventions for anxiety have been extensively researched. Less is known about the acute effects of mindfulness induction and associated mechanisms. This systematic review aimed to identify 1) the effect of mindfulness induction on pre-post measures of state anxiety and attention among adults experiencing high levels of anxiety; and 2) the impact of predictors, mediators and moderators on post-induction changes in anxiety and attention. State distress and mindfulness were included as secondary outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in November 2021 in electronic databases using relevant search terms. Five studies (four randomised controlled trials and one non-randomised controlled trial) were included, comprising a total of 277 participants with elevated trait/generalised anxiety. Each study used a brief audio-based mindfulness induction exercise. RESULTS The meta-analysis indicated mindfulness induction had medium and large effects on state anxiety (k = 3, n = 100, g = -0.60, 95%CI [-1.04, -0.16]; p = .008) and state mindfulness (k = 2, n = 110, g = 0.91, 95%CI [0.52, 1.30], p < .001), respectively, when compared with non-therapeutic control conditions. Furthermore, two studies showed small and moderate effects of mindfulness on state anxiety when compared to therapeutic active controls, but were not pooled in a meta-analysis. While results could not be pooled for attention, there was limited evidence of behavioural improvements on tasks measuring aspects of attention following mindfulness induction. However, one study found an increase in Low Beta to High Beta ratio and a reduction in Beta activity in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex following mindfulness induction. Moreover, another study found aspects of state mindfulness mediated reductions in state anxiety. LIMITATIONS A small number of studies were included in the review, with high risk of bias and low certainty of evidence present. CONCLUSION The findings support the use of mindfulness induction to reduce state anxiety in anxious individuals but suggest gains in state mindfulness may be a more realistic expected outcome. Further controlled trials are needed to delineate the relative effects of objectively assessed anxiety outcomes from mindfulness induction in clinically defined samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Williams
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 7001.
| | - Cynthia Honan
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, 7250
| | - Sarah Skromanis
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, 7250
| | - Ben Sanderson
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 7001
| | - Allison J Matthews
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 7001
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Finan PH, Hunt C, Keaser ML, Smith K, Lerman S, Bingham CO, Barrett F, Garland EL, Zeidan F, Seminowicz DA. Effects of Savoring Meditation on Positive Emotions and Pain-Related Brain Function: A Mechanistic Randomized Controlled Trial in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Pain 2024:S1526-5900(24)00346-8. [PMID: 38244899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Positive emotions are a promising target for intervention in chronic pain, but mixed findings across trials to date suggest that existing interventions may not be optimized to efficiently engage the target. The aim of the current pilot mechanistic randomized controlled trial was to test the effects of a positive emotion-enhancing intervention called Savoring Meditation on pain-related neural and behavioral targets in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Participants included 44 patients with a physician-confirmed diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (n = 29 included in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses), who were randomized to either Savoring Meditation or a Slow Breathing control. Both meditation interventions were brief (four 20-minute sessions). Self-report measures were collected pre-and post-intervention. An fMRI task was conducted at post-intervention, during which participants practiced the meditation technique on which they had been trained while exposed to non-painful and painful thermal stimuli. Savoring significantly reduced experimental pain intensity ratings relative to rest (P < .001). Savoring also increased cerebral blood flow in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and increased connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and caudate during noxious thermal stimulation relative to Slow Breathing (z = 2.3 voxelwise, false discovery rate cluster corrected P = .05). Participants in the Savoring condition also reported significantly increased positive emotions (ps < .05) and reduced anhedonic symptoms (P < .01) from pre- to post-intervention. These findings suggest that Savoring recruits reward-enhancing corticostriatal circuits in the face of pain, and future work should extend these findings to evaluate if these mechanisms of Savoring are associated with improved clinical pain outcomes in diverse patient populations. PERSPECTIVE: Savoring Meditation is a novel positive emotion-enhancing intervention designed for patients with chronic pain. The present findings provide preliminary evidence that Savoring Meditation is acutely analgesic, and engages neural and subjective emotional targets that are relevant to pain self-management. Future work should evaluate the clinical translation of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Finan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Carly Hunt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Michael L Keaser
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katie Smith
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sheera Lerman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Clifton O Bingham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Frederick Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eric L Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Fadel Zeidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - David A Seminowicz
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Sokolovskiy S, Arroyo D, Hansma P. Can Pulse Rate Variability be Used to Monitor Compliance with a Breath Pacer? Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024:10.1007/s10484-023-09617-y. [PMID: 38214800 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Slow paced breathing has been demonstrated to provide significant health benefits for a person's health, and, during breathing sessions, it is desirable to monitor that a person is actually compliant with the breath pacer. We explore the potential use of pulse rate variability to monitor compliance with a breath pacer during meditation sessions. The study involved 6 human subjects each participating in 2-3 trials, where they are asked to follow or not to follow the breath pacer, where we collected data on how the magnitude of pulse rate variability changed. Two methods, logistic regression and a running standard deviation technique, were developed to detect non-compliance with the breath pacer based on pulse rate variability metrics. Results indicate that using pulse rate variability alone may not reliably detect non-compliance with the breath pacer. Both models exhibited limitations in terms of false positives and false negatives, with accuracy ranging from 67 to 65%. Existing methods involving visual, audio, and motion signals currently perform better for monitoring compliance with the breath pacer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Hansma
- University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
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22
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Rogerson O, Wilding S, Prudenzi A, O'Connor DB. Effectiveness of stress management interventions to change cortisol levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 159:106415. [PMID: 37879237 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Stress has a damaging impact on our mental and physical health, and as a result, there is an on-going demand for effective stress management interventions. However, there are no reviews or meta-analyses synthesising the evidence base of randomised controlled trials testing the effectiveness of psychological interventions on changing cortisol levels (the stress hormone) in non-patient groups. Therefore, the primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to address this gap. Six databases (Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and Web of Science) were searched (1171 studies identified) with 58 studies (combined N = 3508) included in the meta-analysis. The interventions were coded into one of four categories; mind body therapies, mindfulness, relaxation or talking therapies. A random effects meta-analysis on cortisol as measured in blood, saliva or hair found that stress management interventions outperformed pooled control conditions with a medium positive effect size (g = 0.282). The studies that utilised cortisol awakening measures (g = 0.644) revealed larger effects of stress management interventions than those that measured diurnal cortisol (g = 0.255). Mindfulness and meditation (g = 0. 345) and relaxation (g = 0. 347) interventions were most effective at changing cortisol levels, while mind body therapies (g = 0. 129) and talking therapies (g = 0.107) were shown to have smaller and non-significant effect sizes. Additionally, studies that utilised an active control group (g = 0. 477) over passive control group (g = 0.129) were found to have stronger effects. Length of the intervention, study quality, risk of bias, age and gender did not influence the effectiveness of interventions and there was no evidence of publication bias. Overall, the current findings confirm that stress management interventions can positively influence cortisol levels. Future research should investigate the longer term implications for health and health outcomes.
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Joss D, Lu J, Teicher MH, Lazar SW. Childhood adversity severity modulates the associations between adaptive psychological changes and amygdala volumetric changes in response to behavioral interventions. J Affect Disord Rep 2024; 15:100714. [PMID: 38314142 PMCID: PMC10836063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) has been shown to have detrimental impact on amygdala structure. Prior research found that adaptive psychological changes after Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) were associated with amygdala volumetric changes. The present study aims to further investigate whether such effects also occur among ACE survivors and whether the effects are unique to MBI. Methods A total of 64 young adult childhood adversity survivors were randomized to an eight-week MBI or Stress Management Education (SME) as an active control condition. Anatomical MRI and questionnaires on mindfulness, stress and psychological health were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Due to subject dropout, the final sample included 39 subjects (MBI:20, SME:19). Results Both groups showed increased mindfulness levels, reduced stress, and improved psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and somatization), with no significant group by time interaction effect. There was no significant group difference on amygdala volumetric changes. Within the MBI group, childhood maltreatment severity was a significant mediator between changes of mindfulness levels and right amygdala volumetric changes. Across pooled sample of both groups, childhood maltreatment was a significant moderator for the effect of trait anxiety level changes on left amygdala volumetric changes. Limitations Modest sample size, relatively low retention rates, suboptimal monitoring of home practice. Conclusions MBI did not demonstrate overall better clinical effects than SME. Psychological-change-dependent amygdala volumetric change was not specific to MBI. Childhood maltreatment severity modulated the relationships between adaptive psychological changes and amygdala volumetric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Joss
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Junjie Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sara W. Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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24
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D'Silva A, Islam Z, Marshall DA, Vallance JK, Nasser Y, Rajagopalan V, MacKean G, Raman M. Experiences of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients in a Virtual Yoga Program: Qualitative Findings from a Clinical Trial. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:169-179. [PMID: 37914888 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In-person yoga interventions have shown feasibility and effectiveness in improving the outcomes of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but experiences in virtual yoga interventions have not been examined. This study aimed to explore patients' experiences of a virtually delivered yoga intervention for IBS. METHODS An embedded qualitative substudy was included in a randomized controlled trial examining the feasibility and effectiveness of a virtual yoga program among adult patients with IBS. Semi-structured interviews captured participants' past and current experiences, program satisfaction, perceived impact on IBS symptoms and overall physical and mental health, facilitators and barriers to participation, perceptions of social support and supervised learning, and input on improving future programming. Data were coded and analyzed in duplicate using NVivo 12. An analytic template based on the interview guide was developed and thematic analysis identified themes, as well as the relationship between themes and subthemes. RESULTS Among the 14 participants (all female, mean age 47.7 years), three major themes were identified: (1) positive experience in the yoga program, (2) incorporating yoga into IBS management post-study, and (3) recommendations for program improvement. CONCLUSION Patients with IBS experience in a virtual yoga program was positive with improvements in physical and mental health outcomes. Considering the barriers and facilitators to participating in an online yoga program along with participant recommendations may improve future intervention design and delivery to increase self-efficacy and confidence among patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrijana D'Silva
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Zarmina Islam
- Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Bab-E-Urdu Road, Karachi, 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Deborah A Marshall
- Arthur J.E. Child Chair, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Jeff K Vallance
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, AB, T9S 3A3, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3380 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Vidya Rajagopalan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3380 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gail MacKean
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3380 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Holas P, Kamińska J. Mindfulness meditation and psychedelics: potential synergies and commonalities. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1398-1409. [PMID: 37926796 PMCID: PMC10661803 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing scientific and clinical interest in studying psychedelic and meditation-based interventions in recent years, both in the context of improving mental health and as tools for understanding the mind. Several authors suggest neurophysiological and phenomenological parallels and overlaps between psychedelic and meditative states and suggest synergistic effects of both methods. Both psychedelic-assisted therapy and meditation training in the form of mindfulness-based interventions have been experimentally validated with moderate to large effects as alternative treatments for a variety of mental health problems, including depression, addictions, and anxiety disorders. Both demonstrated significant post-acute and long-term decreases in clinical symptoms and enhancements in well-being in healthy participants, in addition. Postulated shared salutogenic mechanisms, include, among others the ability to alter self-consciousness, present-moment awareness and antidepressant action via corresponding neuromodulatory effects. These shared mechanisms between mindfulness training and psychedelic intervention have led to scientists theorizing, and recently demonstrating, positive synergistic effects when both are used in combination. Research findings suggest that these two approaches can complement each other, enhancing the positive effects of both interventions. However, more theoretical accounts and methodologically sound research are needed before they can be extended into clinical practice. The current review aims to discuss the theoretical rationale of combining psychedelics with mindfulness training, including the predictive coding framework as well as research findings regarding synergies and commonalities between mindfulness training and psychedelic intervention. In addition, suggestions how to combine the two modalities are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Holas
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Brown CK, Vazquez J, Metz SM, McCown D. Effects of an 8-Week Mindfulness Course in People With Voice Disorders. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00353-3. [PMID: 37977967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nearly every modern textbook on the etiology and treatment of voice disorders (VD) recommends stress reduction for VD patients. The benefits of mindfulness for stress reduction are well documented, but published literature on mindfulness and VD is sparse. Our objective was to determine whether an 8-week mindfulness course could increase mindfulness and lower stress in people with VD, leading to a decrease in vocal handicap. STUDY DESIGN Mixed methods study. METHODS Participants: 69 individuals with VD: 39 were mindfulness course participants (MCP), 30 were in a waitlist control group (WCG). Exclusionary criteria: patients in voice therapy. Before and after the 8-week timeframe, participants took the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and-for singers (n = 36)-the Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI). Follow-up interviews were conducted with select participants. RESULTS In the MCP, each of the outcomes significantly changed in the direction hypothesized, resulting in increased MAAS (P = 0.000) and decreased PSS-10 (P = 0.007), VHI (P = 0.000), and SVHI (P = 0.021, n = 22) scores. Using a 2 × 2 Repeated Measures ANOVA, two outcomes were statistically different for the MCP from pre to postcourse-MAAS increased (P = 0.006, ES = 0.107) and VHI decreased (P = 0.034, ES = 0.065)-in comparison to no change in the WCG. Follow-up interviews revealed increased acceptance of the VD; reduced stress, physical tension, and pain/discomfort; increased somatic (or interoceptive) awareness; community with other VD patients; and positive speaking and singing voice changes. CONCLUSIONS An 8-week mindfulness course shows promise for reducing stress in people with VD, lowering voice handicap, and improving quality of life. Future research should evaluate mindfulness in patients with specific voice disorders; patients with higher and lower VHI scores; singers; and patients who experience throat pain. Mindfulness should also be evaluated within a standard voice therapy protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kay Brown
- West Chester University of Pennsylvania, Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Contemplative Studies, West Chester, Pennsylvania; Immaculata University, Department of Music, Immaculata, Pennsylvania.
| | - Julinette Vazquez
- West Chester University of Pennsylvania, Department of Public Health Sciences, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Stacie M Metz
- West Chester University of Pennsylvania, Department of Public Health Sciences, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald McCown
- West Chester University of Pennsylvania, Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Contemplative Studies, West Chester, Pennsylvania
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Perez-Diaz O, Barrós-Loscertales A, Schjoedt U, González-Mora JL, Rubia K, Suero J, Hernández SE. Monitoring the neural activity associated with praying in Sahaja Yoga meditation. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:61. [PMID: 37957605 PMCID: PMC10642040 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sahaja Yoga Meditation draws on many religious traditions and uses a variety of techniques including Christian prayer to reach a state known as thoughtless awareness, or mental silence. While there are many studies on the neural correlates of meditation, few studies have focused on the neural correlates of praying. Thus, the aim of our research was to study the neural activity associated with the prayer practices in Sahaja Yoga Mediation, which have not been studied before, to explore effects beyond repetitive speech or "mantra effects". Sixteen experienced Sahaja Yoga Meditation practitioners were scanned using task based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging while performing formalised and improvised forms of praying and their equivalent secular tasks. RESULTS Our results showed the deactivation of bilateral thalamus during both prayers compared to secular conditions and the activation in the medial prefrontal cortex that was reduced by religious and formalised secular speech conditions but increased during improvised secular speech; similarly, frontal regions were deactivated when comparing prayers to their secular equivalents. DISCUSSION These results seem to depict two important factors related with praying in Sahaja Yoga Meditation merging inner concentration and social cognition. First, the perception of the surroundings mediated by the thalamus may be decreased during these prayers probably due to the establishment of inner concentration and, second, frontal deactivation effects could be related to reduced social judgement and 'mentalizing', particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex. Our findings suggest that praying by Sahaja Yoga Meditation practitioners is neurophenomenologically different from the social cognitive attempt of praying within Christian praying practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Uffe Schjoedt
- Department of the Study of Religion, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - José L González-Mora
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Katya Rubia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - José Suero
- Centro de Salud Jazmín, Sermas, Madrid, Spain
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Chowdhury A, van Lutterveld R, Laukkonen RE, Slagter HA, Ingram DM, Sacchet MD. Investigation of advanced mindfulness meditation "cessation" experiences using EEG spectral analysis in an intensively sampled case study. Neuropsychologia 2023; 190:108694. [PMID: 37777153 PMCID: PMC10843092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation is a contemplative practice informed by Buddhism that targets the development of present-focused awareness and non-judgment of experience. Interest in mindfulness is burgeoning, and it has been shown to be effective in improving mental and physical health in clinical and non-clinical contexts. In this report, for the first time, we used electroencephalography (EEG) combined with a neurophenomenological approach to examine the neural signature of "cessation" events, which are dramatic experiences of complete discontinuation in awareness similar to the loss of consciousness, which are reported to be experienced by very experienced meditators, and are proposed to be evidence of mastery of mindfulness meditation. We intensively sampled these cessations as experienced by a single advanced meditator (with over 23,000 h of meditation training) and analyzed 37 cessation events collected in 29 EEG sessions between November 12, 2019, and March 11, 2020. Spectral analyses of the EEG data surrounding cessations showed that these events were marked by a large-scale alpha-power decrease starting around 40 s before their onset, and that this alpha-power was lowest immediately following a cessation. Region-of-interest (ROI) based examination of this finding revealed that this alpha-suppression showed a linear decrease in the occipital and parietal regions of the brain during the pre-cessation time period. Additionally, there were modest increases in theta power for the central, parietal, and right temporal ROIs during the pre-cessation timeframe, whereas power in the Delta and Beta frequency bands were not significantly different surrounding cessations. By relating cessations to objective and intrinsic measures of brain activity (i.e., EEG power) that are related to consciousness and high-level psychological functioning, these results provide evidence for the ability of experienced meditators to voluntarily modulate their state of consciousness and lay the foundation for studying these unique states using a neuroscientific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Chowdhury
- Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Remko van Lutterveld
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Dutch Ministry of Defence and Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruben E Laukkonen
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Heleen A Slagter
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Brain and Behavior, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Deshpande S, Patel KD, Parulkar T, Mahabalesh K, Madhusudhan P, Madhusudhan DK, Thimmapuram J. Effect of Heartfulness meditation based integrative therapy on infertility outcomes: A retrospective case series evaluation. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100793. [PMID: 37797350 PMCID: PMC10562913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Indian context, infertility is often a silent struggle. Despite the high prevalence of infertility in the country, the majority of couples do not share their struggles with family or friends due to social stigma, thus increasing their psychological vulnerability. Heartfulness meditation has shown to decrease stress, anxiety, loneliness and improve sleep along with quality of life. OBJECTIVES The current retrospective series evaluated the effectiveness of Heartfulness-based integrative therapy on infertility outcomes. METHODS The program consisted of a 5- day onsite lifestyle modification workshop and online follow up meditation sessions. RESULTS 54 couples with infertility participated in the program with a mean age of 30.74 years (SD 5.04) for females and 34.03 years (SD 4.54) for males. 15 couples presented with male infertility, 16 couples presented with female infertility and in 5 couples both partners had infertility problems. Further, 18 couples had unexplained infertility. 24 couples conceived with 18 natural conceptions, five via assisted reproductive technology and one spontaneous abortion. CONCLUSION The program was beneficial in the cohort who utilized it as prescribed resulting in conception of 24 out of 54 couples. Future research investigating the causal relationship of Heartfulness meditation on fertility outcomes in a randomized control study could solidify this treatment method to be used independently or as an adjuvant therapy with assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Divya K Madhusudhan
- GCSRT, Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, Harvard Medical School, USA
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30
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Walton KG, Wenuganen S, Cole SW. Transcendental Meditation practitioners show reduced expression of the Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 32:100672. [PMID: 37560036 PMCID: PMC10407892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A recent exploratory study of transcriptional effects of long-term practice of Transcendental Meditation (TM) technologies found evidence for altered expression of genes associated with health and disease. In the present secondary analysis of those data, we test the more specific hypothesis that this sample of long-term practitioners shows a significant reduction in markers of the "Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity" (CTRA), an RNA profile characterized by up-regulated inflammation and down-regulated Type I interferon (IFN) activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data come from a previously published study providing genome-wide transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy, 38-year practitioners of TM technologies and matched controls (n = 12, mean age 65). The current analysis specifically tests for differential expression of a previously established CTRA indicator gene score, with cross-validation by promoter-based bioinformatic analysis of CTRA-typical differences in transcription factor activity and monocyte subset cellular origins. RESULTS Compared to controls, the TM group showed lower expression of a pre-specified set of CTRA indicator genes. These effects were accompanied by genome-wide indications of down-regulated pro-inflammatory transcription factor activity (NF-κB, AP-1), up-regulated activity of Interferon Response Factors (IRF) and reduced transcriptional activity of classical monocytes. Conclusions: A sample of long-term practitioners of TM showed reduced CTRA gene expression in PBMC compared to matched controls, supporting the likely value of further research to evaluate causality and specificity of this potential mechanism of health benefits in meditators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G. Walton
- Institute for Prevention Research, Fairfield, IA, 52556, USA
- Department of Physiology and Health, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA, 52556, USA
| | - Supaya Wenuganen
- Center for Brain, Cognition, and Consciousness, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA, 52557, USA
| | - Steven W. Cole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Zuniga-Hertz JP, Chitteti R, Dispenza J, Cuomo R, Bonds JA, Kopp EL, Simpson S, Okerblom J, Maurya S, Rana BK, Miyonahara A, Niesman IR, Maree J, Belza G, Hamilton HD, Stanton C, Gonzalez DJ, Poirier MA, Moeller-Bertram T, Patel HH. Meditation-induced bloodborne factors as an adjuvant treatment to COVID-19 disease. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 32:100675. [PMID: 37600600 PMCID: PMC10432704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Management of the pandemic has relied mainly on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, while alternative approaches such as meditation, shown to improve immunity, have been largely unexplored. Here, we probe the relationship between meditation and COVID-19 disease and directly test the impact of meditation on the induction of a blood environment that modulates viral infection. We found a significant inverse correlation between length of meditation practice and SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as accelerated resolution of symptomology of those infected. A meditation "dosing" effect was also observed. In cultured human lung cells, blood from experienced meditators induced factors that prevented entry of pseudotyped viruses for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of both the wild-type Wuhan-1 virus and the Delta variant. We identified and validated SERPINA5, a serine protease inhibitor, as one possible protein factor in the blood of meditators that is necessary and sufficient for limiting pseudovirus entry into cells. In summary, we conclude that meditation can enhance resiliency to viral infection and may serve as a possible adjuvant therapy in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Zuniga-Hertz
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ramamurthy Chitteti
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Raphael Cuomo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacqueline A. Bonds
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Elena L. Kopp
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sierra Simpson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan Okerblom
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Svetlana Maurya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Brinda K. Rana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Atsushi Miyonahara
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ingrid R. Niesman
- San Diego State University, Electron Microscope Facility, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Jacqueline Maree
- VitaMed Research, 44630 Monterey Ave., Palm Desert, CA, 92260, USA
| | - Gianna Belza
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | - David J. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Hemal H. Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Liyanagedera ND, Hussain AA, Singh A, Lal S, Kempton H, Guesgen HW. Common spatial pattern for classification of loving kindness meditation EEG for single and multiple sessions. Brain Inform 2023; 10:24. [PMID: 37688757 PMCID: PMC10492719 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-023-00204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While a very few studies have been conducted on classifying loving kindness meditation (LKM) and non-meditation electroencephalography (EEG) data for a single session, there are no such studies conducted for multiple session EEG data. Thus, this study aims at classifying existing raw EEG meditation data on single and multiple sessions to come up with meaningful inferences which will be highly beneficial when developing algorithms that can support meditation practices. In this analysis, data have been collected on Pre-Resting (before-meditation), Post-Resting (after-meditation), LKM-Self and LKM-Others for 32 participants and hence allowing us to conduct six pairwise comparisons for the four mind tasks. Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) is a feature extraction method widely used in motor imaginary brain computer interface (BCI), but not in meditation EEG data. Therefore, using CSP in extracting features from meditation EEG data and classifying meditation/non-meditation instances, particularly for multiple sessions will create a new path in future meditation EEG research. The classification was done using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) where both meditation techniques (LKM-Self and LKM-Others) were compared with Pre-Resting and Post-Resting instances. The results show that for a single session of 32 participants, around 99.5% accuracy was obtained for classifying meditation/Pre-Resting instances. For the 15 participants when using five sessions of EEG data, around 83.6% accuracy was obtained for classifying meditation/Pre-Resting instances. The results demonstrate the ability to classify meditation/Pre-Resting data. Most importantly, this classification is possible for multiple session data as well. In addition to this, when comparing the classification accuracies of the six mind task pairs; LKM-Self, LKM-Others and Post-Resting produced relatively lower accuracies among them than the accuracies obtained for classifying Pre-Resting with the other three. This indicates that Pre-Resting has some features giving a better classification indicating that it is different from the other three mind tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinda D Liyanagedera
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand.
- Department of Computing & Information Systems, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, 60200, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ali Abdul Hussain
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Amardeep Singh
- Universal College of Learning (UCOL), Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Sunil Lal
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Heather Kempton
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Auckland, 0632, New Zealand
| | - Hans W Guesgen
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
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Xie Q. Are Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Related to Peace of Mind? The Mediating Role of Nonattachment. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231198511. [PMID: 37658758 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231198511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Peace of mind is an important affective well-being valued in Chinese culture. Mindfulness and self-compassion could potentially promote peace of mind. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects were not well understood. The current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether nonattachment explained the effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on peace of mind. A sample of 364 Chinese adults was recruited from WeChat, a popular Chinese social media platform. Participants filled out an online survey including measures of dispositional mindfulness, self-compassion, nonattachment, and peace of mind. The results of correlation analyses revealed significant and positive associations among mindfulness, self-compassion, nonattachment, and peace of mind. Furthermore, nonattachment significantly mediated the associations between mindfulness and self-compassion with peace of mind. Moderated mediation analyses indicated that the relationships between mindfulness and self-compassion with nonattachment were stronger for women than for men. Gender did not moderate the direct effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on peace of mind, the relationship between nonattachment and peace of mind, and the mediating effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on peace of mind through nonattachment. These findings suggest that nonattachment may be a potential mechanism through which mindfulness and self-compassion promote peace of mind among Chinese adults. If the mediating effects are confirmed in future longitudinal and experimental studies, mindfulness and self-compassion interventions can emphasize nonattachment to optimize their effects on peace of mind. It may also be important to tailor mindfulness and self-compassion training for men and women given the gender differences in the relationships between mindfulness and self-compassion with nonattachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Kelly BD. Mindful, mindless, or misunderstood? A critical perspective of the mindfulness concept. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:491-493. [PMID: 35686444 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2022.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness is everywhere, but the term is often used mindlessly. This article discusses the growth of mindfulness-based interventions in many countries over the past fifty years and, more recently, the emergence of the idea of 'McMindfulness', with particular emphasis on the concept of 'spiritual bypassing'. Critical discourse is a valuable resource in any discipline. Proportionate, mindful incorporation of reasoned critiques strengthens mindfulness, rather than undermining it. Misunderstandings and misinterpretations of mindfulness highlight a need to counter the notions that mindfulness involves avoiding difficult issues in our lives or simply accepting social problems that need to be addressed. The opposite is true: mindfulness of reality inevitably generates insights about change. Before we change the world, we need to see it. Mindfulness practice is opting in, not opting out.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, D24 NR0A, Ireland
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35
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Martin BR, Woodruff J. Management of a Patient With Premenstrual Syndrome Using Acupuncture, Supplements, and Meditation: A Case Report. J Chiropr Med 2023; 22:222-229. [PMID: 37644997 PMCID: PMC10461168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this case report was to describe a multimodal approach for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Clinical Features A 36-year-old nulliparous woman presented to a free clinic for veterans and their spouses. She received a PMS diagnosis at age 18. She was previously prescribed hormonal birth control and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which minimally affected her condition. She stopped using conventional medicine therapies at age 27. Laboratory results showed that her progesterone was below 0.5 ng/mL. Her symptom score was 50 out of 60 on the Treatment Strategies for PMS assessment tool. During her menses, she experienced low back pain and stiffness, bloating, swelling, weight gain, breast tenderness, swelling, and pain, and she felt overwhelmed and stressed. Intervention and Outcome Traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture was administered in conjunction with 100 mg of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol) and a B-100 complex once a day and 400 mg of magnesium citrate, 1000 mg of flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum), and 1000 mg of turmeric (Curcuma longa) twice a day. Five days before the onset of her menstrual period, she was to ingest a B-100 complex twice a day and 400 mg of magnesium citrate, 1000 mg of flaxseed oil, and 1000 mg of turmeric 3 times a day. Mindfulness meditation was encouraged twice a day for 10 minutes to reduce stress. After 12 treatments over 3 months, her symptom score decreased to 18 out of 60 and remained below 20 for an additional 32 weeks. Conclusion This patient with PMS symptoms positively responded to a multimodal approach using traditional Chinese medicine-style acupuncture, dietary supplements, and mindfulness meditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Martin
- Basic Science Department, National University of Health Sciences, Pinellas Park, Florida
| | - Jade Woodruff
- Basic Science Department, National University of Health Sciences, Pinellas Park, Florida
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Thambyrajah JC, Dilanthi HW, Handunnetti SM, Dissanayake D. Serum melatonin and serotonin levels in long-term skilled meditators. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:695-701. [PMID: 37061347 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin and its precursor serotonin are neurochemicals that play an important role in the physiological regulation of mood, sleep, and behavior. Studies have suggested the possibility of changes in the levels of melatonin and serotonin following meditation. However, the outcome of Buddhist meditation on both these two neurochemicals collectively have not been studied yet. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of Vipassana meditation on serum melatonin and serotonin levels in long-term meditators and to compare them with an age, gender, and education level matched, non-meditating control group. METHODS The serum melatonin and serotonin levels of long-term meditators (n=30), recruited using a validated interview, and age, gender and educational level matched control subjects (n=30) who had never practiced meditation, were determined using commercial ELISA kits (LDN, Nordhorn, Germany). RESULTS The median concentration of melatonin (18.3 pg/ml) and serotonin (149.0 ng/ml) in the meditator group, were significantly higher compared to the control group; melatonin (15.6 pg/ml; p = 0.006), serotonin (118.1 ng/ml; p < 0.001). The levels had no significant correlation with demographic factors but positively correlated with meditation factors in those who had meditated for <=10years (n=26, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings indicate elevated melatonin and serotonin levels in the long-term meditators with potential beneficial effects in decreasing stress and improving relaxation in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Thambyrajah
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - H W Dilanthi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - S M Handunnetti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dwn Dissanayake
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Chen SP, Liu HT, Appelt JC, Klassen BL, Liu L, Smith JL, Miguel-Cruz A. Feasibility of Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Veterans Managing Chronic Pain. Can J Occup Ther 2023; 90:303-314. [PMID: 36788126 PMCID: PMC10422854 DOI: 10.1177/00084174231156276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background. Chronic pain impacts people's activity participation, productivity, mental health, and sense of wellbeing. Purpose. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the feasibility of the Mindfulness-Based Chronic Pain Management (MBCPMTM) program on reducing pain perception and enhancing the quality of life, and (2) understand veterans' experience with the program. Method. The pretest-posttest single-group, mixed-methods design was used. Thirty-one veterans were offered the 12-week intervention. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 were administered before and after the program. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted to understand the experience. Findings. Participants' PCS scores improved (Z = -3.116, p = .002), but the pain intensity did not change significantly. Themes from qualitative data include: (1) We are not alone! (2) I have a sense of awareness, choices, and control; and (3) It does work! Implications. The study shows preliminary feasibility of MBCPMTM for veterans. This promising effect supports future rigorous testing of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Chen
- Shu-Ping Chen, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2–30 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G4, Canada.
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Woollacott M, Shumway-Cook A, Tassell-Matamua N. Worldviews and environmental ethics: Contributions of brain processing networks. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:630-635. [PMID: 37098451 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that worldviews define our relationship to the environment, including our responsibility to the environment and our planet. This paper examines two specific worldviews and their potential environmental impact: the materialist worldview, considered to be the dominant worldview of Western society, and the so-called post-materialist worldview. We believe that changing the worldview of both individuals and society is key to changing environmental ethics, specifically attitudes, beliefs, and actions towards the environment. Recent neuroscience research suggests that brain filters and networks contribute to concealing an expanded nonlocal awareness. This creates self-referential thinking and contributes to the limited conceptual framework characteristic of a materialist worldview. We discuss the underlying concepts of both materialist and post-materialist worldviews including their impact on environmental ethics, then explore the various types of neural filters and processing networks that contribute to a materialist worldview, and finally explore methods for modifying neural filters and changing worldviews.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Shumway-Cook
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Natasha Tassell-Matamua
- Centre for Indigenous Psychologies, School of Psychology, Massey University, Turitea Campus, Palmerston North, Manawatū Aotearoa, New Zealand
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R P, Kumar AP, Dhamodhini K S, Venugopal V, Silambanan S, K M, Shah P. Role of yoga in stress management and implications in major depression disorder. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100767. [PMID: 37741161 PMCID: PMC10520539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability affecting more than 340 million people and second largest contributor to global burden of disease. Chronic stress is a common risk factor and important contributor for MDD. Stress could be defined as the "perceived inability to cope". Stressful life events are shown to provoke a sequence of psychological and physiological adjustments including nervous, endocrine and immune mechanisms. Stress can lead to elevation of a variety of inflammatory cytokines and stress hormones, can cause autonomic dysfunction and imbalance in neurotransmitters. Yoga can reduce depressive symptoms by alleviating stress. Studies have shown that yoga can reduce inflammation, maintain autonomic balance and also has a role in maintaining the neurotransmitters. It has role on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the peripheral nervous system including GABA, limbic system activity, inflammatory and endocrine responses. Yoga along with antidepressants can help in reducing the depressive symptoms in patient with MDD. Yoga is an ideal complementary and alternative therapy for mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmavathi R
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Archana P Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Medical Education Unit, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain
| | - Dhamodhini K S
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Venugopal
- Department of Yoga, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Santhi Silambanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maheshkumar K
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Pankaj Shah
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Behera CK, Reddy TK, Behera L, Birbaumer N, Ika K. A Meditation Based Cognitive Therapy (HMBCT) for Primary Insomnia: A Treatment Feasibility Pilot Study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2023; 48:369-378. [PMID: 37103669 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated a critical need for cost-effective alternative therapies. The present pilot study aimed to evaluate a novel, cost-effective therapy for treating insomnia. The study employed a randomized controlled trial with two groups: therapy and control. Participants were screened using research diagnostic criteria for insomnia recommended by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) before undergoing simple randomization. The study included participants from Hindu, Muslim, and Christian faiths who were assigned to either the therapy group (Hare Krishna Mantra Based Cognitive Therapy: HMBCT) or the non-therapy group (control with relaxing music). Both groups underwent six weeks of treatment with traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques, including stimulus control, sleep restriction, and sleep hygiene. Each week, participants in the therapy group received six 45-minute sessions of HMBCT in the evening and were asked to practice the therapy in the evening of the day of sleep recording. Sleep quality was assessed using behavioral measures, sleep logs, and polysomnography recordings before and after the six-week treatment period. There was a one-week period before and after the six weeks when no treatment was provided. Results showed that HMBCT significantly improved sleep quality measures, including a 61% reduction in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores and an 80% reduction in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores. Participants did not take any sleep-inducing medication during the study. These findings suggest that adding mantra chanting to traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy may improve sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Behera
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Tharun Kumar Reddy
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Laxmidhar Behera
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, IIT Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Niels Birbaumer
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
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Schoeller F. Primary states of consciousness: A review of historical and contemporary developments. Conscious Cogn 2023; 113:103536. [PMID: 37321024 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Primary states of consciousness are conceived as phylogenetically older states of consciousness as compared to secondary states governed by sociocultural inhibition. The historical development of the concept in psychiatry and neurobiology is reviewed, along with its relationship to theories of consciousness. We suggest that primary states of consciousness are characterized by a temporary breakdown of self-control accompanied by a merging of action, communication, and emotion (ACE fusion), ordinarily segregated in human adults. We examine the neurobiologic basis of this model, including its relation to the phenomenon of neural dedifferentiation, the loss of modularity during altered states of consciousness, and increased corticostriatal connectivity. By shedding light on the importance of primary states of consciousness, this article provides a novel perspective on the role of consciousness as a mechanism of differentiation and control. We discuss potential differentiators underlying a gradient from primary to secondary state of consciousness, suggesting changes in thalamocortical interactions and arousal function. We also propose a set of testable, neurobiologically plausible working hypotheses to account for their distinct phenomenological and neural signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schoeller
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, United States; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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Kalmbach DA, Cheng P, Reffi AN, Ong JC, Swanson LM, Fresco DM, Walch O, Seymour GM, Fellman-Couture C, Bayoneto AD, Roth T, Drake CL. Perinatal Understanding of Mindful Awareness for Sleep (PUMAS): A single-arm proof-of-concept clinical trial of a mindfulness-based intervention for DSM-5 insomnia disorder during pregnancy. Sleep Med 2023; 108:79-89. [PMID: 37343335 PMCID: PMC10402889 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective for prenatal insomnia, but unresolved cognitive arousal limits patient outcomes. Therapies aimed at reducing cognitive arousal may benefit pregnant women with insomnia. This proof-of-concept trial evaluated Perinatal Understanding of Mindful Awareness for Sleep (PUMAS, which combines mindfulness with behavioral sleep strategies) on insomnia, depression, and cognitive arousal. METHODS A single-arm trial of 12 pregnant women with DSM-5 insomnia disorder (n = 5/12 with comorbid depression) who received six sessions of PUMAS delivered individually via telemedicine. Pretreatment and posttreatment outcomes included the insomnia severity index (ISI), Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), pre-sleep arousal scale's cognitive factor (PSASC; nocturnal cognitive arousal), perinatal-focused rumination (appended to PSASC), and Glasgow sleep effort scale. RESULTS Eleven of 12 patients completed all sessions. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed a 10.83-point reduction in ISI (Cohen's dz = 3.05), resulting in 83.3% insomnia remission. PUMAS produced large reductions in EPDS (Cohen's dz = 2.76 in depressed group), resulting in all five baseline depressed patients remitting from depression. PUMAS produced large reductions in nocturnal cognitive arousal, perinatal-focused rumination, and sleep effort (all Cohen's dzs>2.00). Patients were highly satisfied with PUMAS and identified the telemedicine format and meditation app as positive features of its delivery. Patients rated sleep restriction and guided meditations as the most helpful treatment components. CONCLUSION Prenatal insomnia patients were highly engaged in PUMAS, which produced large acute reductions in insomnia, depression, and cognitive arousal. These findings support the concept and feasibility of PUMAS for pregnant women with insomnia who present with or without comorbid depression. CLINICALTRIALS GOV ID NCT04443959.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kalmbach
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Philip Cheng
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anthony N Reffi
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jason C Ong
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine, Nox Health, Suwanee, GA, USA; Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leslie M Swanson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David M Fresco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olivia Walch
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Arcascope Inc, Chantilly, VA, USA
| | - Grace M Seymour
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Alec D Bayoneto
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Roth
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher L Drake
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
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Laplaud N, Perrochon A, Gallou-Guyot M, Moens M, Goudman L, David R, Rigoard P, Billot M. Management of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms by yoga: an overview. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:258. [PMID: 37480017 PMCID: PMC10360332 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur after trauma. While PTSD management strategies include first-line pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, mind-body therapies, such as yoga, are applied in the PTSD population. This overview aimed to summarize the effectiveness of yoga interventions on PTSD symptoms in adults in a systematic review (SR) including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHOD We searched for SR with or without meta-analysis of RCTs involving adults with PTSD diagnosis or trauma history. The search was conducted until April 2022, through six databases (Cochrane Database, MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Embase, CINHAL and PEDro). The primary outcome was the evolution of PTSD symptoms throughout the intervention. Secondary outcomes included follow-up, safety, adherence, and cost of the intervention. Two authors independently performed the selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment with the AMSTAR 2 tool and overlap calculation. This overview is a qualitative summary of the results obtained in the selected studies. RESULTS Eleven SRs were analyzed, of which 8 included meta-analyses. The overlap between studies was considered very high (corrected covered area of 21%). Fifty-nine RCTs involving 4434 participants were included. Yoga had a significant small-to-moderate effect-size on PTSD symptom decrease in 7 SRs and non-significant effects in 1 SR with meta-analysis. All SR without meta-analysis found beneficial effects of yoga on PTSD. Secondary outcomes were not sufficiently assessed to provide clear evidence. Results should be interpreted with caution as 1 SR was rated as at moderate risk of bias, 3 as low and 7 as critically low. CONCLUSIONS While yoga therapy seems promising for decreasing PTSD symptoms, future research should standardize yoga therapy duration/frequency/type and consider long-term efficacy to better delineate yoga therapy efficacy in PTSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Laplaud
- ILFOMER (Institut Limousin de FOrmation Aux Métiers de La Réadaptation), Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Anaïck Perrochon
- ILFOMER (Institut Limousin de FOrmation Aux Métiers de La Réadaptation), Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
- Laboratoire HAVAE, Université de Limoges, 20217, Limoges, UR, France
| | | | - Maarten Moens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- STIMULUS Research Consortium (Research and TeachIng Neuromodulation Uz Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Pain in Motion (PAIN) Research Group, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lisa Goudman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- STIMULUS Research Consortium (Research and TeachIng Neuromodulation Uz Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Pain in Motion (PAIN) Research Group, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain David
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Poitiers University Hospital, University of Poitiers, 86000, Poitiers, France
- PRISMATICS (Predictive Research In Spine/Neurostimulation Management And Thoracic Innovation in Cardiac Surgery), University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Philippe Rigoard
- PRISMATICS (Predictive Research In Spine/Neurostimulation Management And Thoracic Innovation in Cardiac Surgery), University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Spine Neurosurgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000, Poitiers, France
- ISAE-ENSMA, Pprime Institute UPR 3346, CNRS, University of Poitiers, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Maxime Billot
- PRISMATICS (Predictive Research In Spine/Neurostimulation Management And Thoracic Innovation in Cardiac Surgery), University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
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Moujaes F, Rieser NM, Phillips C, de Matos NMP, Brügger M, Dürler P, Smigielski L, Stämpfli P, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX, Anticevic A, Preller KH. Comparing Neural Correlates of Consciousness: From Psychedelics to Hypnosis and Meditation. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2023:S2451-9022(23)00174-X. [PMID: 37459910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods of inducing altered states of consciousness (ASCs) are becoming increasingly relevant in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. While comparisons between them are often drawn, to date no study has directly compared their neural correlates. METHODS To address this knowledge gap, we directly compared 2 pharmacological methods (psilocybin 0.2 mg/kg orally [n = 23] and lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD] 100 μg orally [n = 25]) and 2 nonpharmacological methods (hypnosis [n = 30] and meditation [n = 29]) using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging and assessed the predictive value of the data using a machine learning approach. RESULTS We found that 1) no network reached significance in all 4 ASC methods; 2) pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions of inducing ASCs showed distinct connectivity patterns that were predictive at the individual level; 3) hypnosis and meditation showed differences in functional connectivity when compared directly and also drove distinct differences when jointly compared with the pharmacological ASC interventions; and 4) psilocybin and LSD showed no differences in functional connectivity when directly compared with each other, but they did show distinct behavioral-neural relationships. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results extend our understanding of the mechanisms of action of ASCs and highlight the importance of exploring how these effects can be leveraged in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Moujaes
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nathalie M Rieser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe Phillips
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre in vivo imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nuno M P de Matos
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mike Brügger
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Dürler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukasz Smigielski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Stämpfli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; MR Center, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz X Vollenweider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Katrin H Preller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Kwok JYY, Auyeung M, Pang SYY, Ho PWL, Yu DSF, Fong DYT, Lin CC, Walker R, Wong SYS, Ho RTH. A randomized controlled trial on the effects and acceptability of individual mindfulness techniques - meditation and yoga - on anxiety and depression in people with Parkinson's disease: a study protocol. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:241. [PMID: 37461018 PMCID: PMC10351114 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 40 and 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience anxiety and depression, associated with impaired physical function, high care dependency and mortality. Recently, the United States National Institutes of Health has urged the implementation of mindfulness practices in chronic illness care. Most research to date has examined the effects on chronically ill patients of complex interventions using a combination of mindfulness techniques. In PD patients, however, such complex modalities appear to hinder the technique mastery. Hence, the aim of this trial is to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of individual mindfulness techniques among PD patients, as well as exploring participants' experience in using individual mindfulness techniques as a lifestyle intervention for stress and symptom management. METHODS We will conduct an assessor-blind three-arm randomized waitlist-controlled trial with a descriptive qualitative evaluation. Up to 168 PD patients will be recruited from community settings and out-patient clinics, and randomized to meditation, yoga, or usual care group. Meditation and yoga sessions of 90-minute are held weekly for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes include anxiety and depression. Secondary outcomes include PD-related motor and non-motor symptoms and quality-of-life; and level of mindfulness and biomarkers of stress and inflammatory responses will be measured as mediating variables. All outcome evaluations will be assessed at baseline, 8 weeks, and 24 weeks. Following the intention-to-treat principle, generalized estimating equation models and path analysis will be used to identify the treatment effects and the mediating mechanisms. A subsample of 30 participants from each intervention group will be invited for qualitative interviews. DISCUSSION The study would also generate important insights to enhance the patients' adaptation to debilitating disease. More specifically, symptom management and stress adaptation are highly prioritized healthcare agenda in managing PD. The research evidence will further inform the development of community-based, nurse-led compassionate care models for neurodegenerative conditions, which is complementary to existing health services. TRIAL REGISTRATION WHO Primary Registry - Chinese Clinical Trials Registry number: ChiCTR2100045939; registered on 2021/04/29 ( https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=125878 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo Yan Yan Kwok
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Man Auyeung
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Philip Wing Lok Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR
- The State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Doris Sau Fung Yu
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chia-chin Lin
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Richard Walker
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, Newcastle, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Samuel Yeung-shan Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
- CUHK Thomas Jing Centre for Mindfulness Research and Training, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rainbow Tin Hung Ho
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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Bhagat A, Srivastav S, Malhotra AS, Rohilla R, Sidana AK, Deepak KK. Role of Meditation in Ameliorating Examination Stress Induced Changes in Cardiovascular and Autonomic Functions. Ann Neurosci 2023; 30:188-196. [PMID: 37779551 PMCID: PMC10540765 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231169629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Examination stress is a very well-known model of psychological stress in students. It induces changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), along with changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), due to autonomic perturbations. Purpose To find out if Raj Yoga meditation (RYM) practice affects autonomic and cardiovascular function in healthy young subjects during periods of examination stress. Our primary objective was to evaluate the effect of one month of supervised RYM practice on ameliorating examination-induced changes in cardiovascular and autonomic function. The secondary objective was to measure the stress levels of medical students before and after RYM. Methods Pre-training measurements of SBP, DBP, HRV, and BRS were done, and the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) was administered to 80 participants one month before examinations. They were then trained in RYM. Post-training assessment of the same parameters was done after examinations and also after two months. Results In our study, RYM training decreased DBP (p = 0.01) but not SBP. BRS showed a trend towards an increase after RYM practice, but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.44). The standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN) (p = 0.03), low-frequency (LF) nu (0.003), and high-frequency (HF) nu (0.04) showed a statistically significant change. Average RR, median RR, average rate, square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), pRR, total power, LF (µs2), and LF/HF ratio were not statistically significantly different between the three groups. There was a statistically significant decline in MSSQ scores for MSSQ I (p = 0.04), MSSQ II (p = 0.04), and MSSQ IV (p = 0.03). Conclusion Short-term practice of supervised RYM during stressful periods is protective for the cardiovascular and autonomic systems and decreases stress in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumeha Bhagat
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shival Srivastav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anita S. Malhotra
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi Rohilla
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajeet K. Sidana
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - K. K. Deepak
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Divarco R, Ramasawmy P, Petzke F, Antal A. Stimulated brains and meditative minds: A systematic review on combining low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation and meditation in humans. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100369. [PMID: 36817875 PMCID: PMC9932362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and meditation are two promising, yet variable, non-pharmacological interventions. Growing research is investigating combined effects of both techniques on one's cognitive, emotional, and physical health. Objective This article reviews the current research that combines tES and meditation interventions in healthy and diseased participants. The review considers the intervention parameters and their effects in a well-organized manner. Method A systematic search for clinical and experimental published studies was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane, and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) databases using common keywords for tES and for meditation techniques well defined by previous studies. Unpublished ongoing studies were identified with the ClinicalTrials.gov and DRKS.de clinical trial websites. Results 20 published studies and 13 ongoing studies were included for qualitative analysis. 13 published articles studied patients with chronic pain, psychological disorders, cognitive impairment, and movement disorders. Anodal tDCS was the only tES technique while mindfulness meditation was the most common meditation type. Eight studies had a main group effect, with outcome improvement in the active combined intervention. However, most published studies showed improvements after at least one combined intervention with variable effects. Conclusion Pairing anodal tDCS with meditation shows promising improvements of the physical, mental, and emotional aspects of daily life. Further studies are required to confirm the relevance of this combination in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Divarco
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Perianen Ramasawmy
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Frank Petzke
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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Lopes S, Shi L, Pan X, Gu Y, Dengler-Crish C, Li Y, Tiwari B, Zhang D. Meditation and Cognitive Outcomes: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Data From the Health and Retirement Study 2000-2016. Mindfulness (N Y) 2023; 14:1705-1717. [PMID: 37808263 PMCID: PMC10557979 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-023-02165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to assess the association between meditation practice and cognitive function over time among middle-aged and older adults. Method We included Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants assessed for meditation practice in the year 2000 as part of the HRS alternative medicine module (n = 1,160) and were followed up for outcomes over 2000-2016 period. We examined the association between meditation ≥ twice a week vs none/less frequent practice and changes in the outcomes of recall, global cognitive function, and quantitative reasoning using generalized linear regression models. Stratified analyses among persons with/without self-reported baseline depressive symptoms were conducted to assess the link between meditation and cognitive outcomes. Results Among our full study sample, meditation ≥ twice a week was not significantly associated with total recall [β ; 95% CI: -0.97, 0.57; p = 0.61], global cognitive function [β ; 95% CI: -1.01, 1.12; p = 0.92], and quantitative reasoning [β ; 95% CI: -31.27, 8.32; p = 0.26]. However, among those who did not have self-reported depressive symptoms at baseline, meditation ≥ twice a week was associated with improvement in cognitive outcomes such as total recall [β ; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.18; p = 0.01] and global cognitive function [β ; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.40; p = 0.01] over time. Conclusions Frequent meditation practice might have a protective effect on cognitive outcomes over time, but this protection could be limited to those without self-reported baseline depressive symptoms. Future studies could incorporate more precise meditation practice assessment, investigate the effect of meditation on cognitive outcomes over time, and include more rigorous study designs with randomized group assignment. Pre-registration This study is not preregistered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Lopes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Xi Pan
- Department of Sociology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- The Department of Neurology, The Department of Epidemiology, The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, and The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christine Dengler-Crish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Biplav Tiwari
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Donglan Zhang
- New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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Wipplinger F, Holthof N, Andereggen L, Urman RD, Luedi MM, Bello C. Meditation as an Adjunct to the Management of Acute Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2023:10.1007/s11916-023-01119-0. [PMID: 37285010 PMCID: PMC10403447 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aim to present current understanding and evidence for meditation, mostly referring to mindfulness meditation, for the management of acute pain and potential opportunities of incorporating it into the acute pain service practice. RECENT FINDINGS There is conflicting evidence concerning meditation as a remedy in acute pain. While some studies have found a bigger impact of meditation on the emotional response to a painful stimulus than on the reduction in actual pain intensities, functional Magnet Resonance Imaging has enabled the identification of various brain areas involved in meditation-induced pain relief. Potential benefits of meditation in acute pain treatment include changes in neurocognitive processes. Practice and Experience are necessary to induce pain modulation. In the treatment of acute pain, evidence is emerging only recently. Meditative techniques represent a promising approach for acute pain in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Wipplinger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Freiburgstrasse Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niels Holthof
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Freiburgstrasse Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Andereggen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital of Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Richard D Urman
- Department of Anaesthesiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Markus M Luedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of St, 9007, GallenSt. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Corina Bello
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Freiburgstrasse Bern, Switzerland.
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Peng Y, Zhang Z. Theory and Meditation of Confucian Mindfulness: Analysis Based on the Concept of Vigilance in Solitude in Chinese Confucianism. J Relig Health 2023; 62:1872-1883. [PMID: 36076133 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness has become an area of great interest in Western psychology, but it has been criticized for its de-religionization. Based on Chinese Confucianist Liu Zongzhou's concept of shendu (; vigilance in solitude), this study attempts to present a complete overview of the Confucian mindfulness meditation system from the theoretical basis and training method. The unique value of Confucian mindfulness meditation is that it directly points to morality, which can make up for the deficiency of mindfulness in Western psychology. Furthermore, Confucian mindfulness meditation can provide more suitable training methods for individuals who are culturally Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, No. 199, Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, No. 199, Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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