Morgan R, Kreipke CW, Roberts G, Bagchi M, Rafols JA. Neovascularization following traumatic brain injury: possible evidence for both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.
Neurol Res 2007;
29:375-81. [PMID:
17626733 DOI:
10.1179/016164107x204693]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Our goal was to characterize the angiogenic response following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
METHODS
Western analysis for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, double immunofluorescence labeling of endothelium and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), bromodioxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and measurement of capillary density, were all used to determine the temporal angiogenic response following TBI.
RESULTS
The angiogenic factors, VEGF and VEGFR2, increase following trauma. Capillary density increases and BrdU incorporation confirm the presence of newly formed vessels up to 48 hours post-injury.
DISCUSSION
Our results indicated that following TBI, there is a substantial increase in angiogenesis and based on morphologic characterization of BrdU-positive nuclei within the endothelium, we provide evidence for vasculogenesis following injury.
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