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Jin S, Kong L, Yang K, Wang C, Xia L, Wang Y, Tan J, Wang L. Combined effects of high relative humidity and ultraviolet irradiation: Enhancing the production of gaseous NO 2 from the photolysis of NH 4NO 3. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156480. [PMID: 35675886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals and nitrogen-containing species produced by nitrate photolysis can affect various atmospheric chemical processes, and thereby the photochemical behavior of atmospheric nitrate aerosols has been attracting much attention. However, the photolysis mechanism of NH4NO3 and its products under different atmospheric conditions remain unclear. In this study, the effects of relative humidity (RH), pH, NH3, ultraviolet (UV) light intensity and halogen ions (Cl-, Br- and I-) on the photolysis of particulate NH4NO3 have been investigated through a flow tube reactor. The results show that RH can significantly enhance the production of gaseous NO2 from the photolysis of NH4NO3 when RH is higher than its deliquescence RH, but almost no NO2 is generated under dry conditions. Under high RH and UV light, the main product of NH4NO3 photolysis is NO2, rather than NO and HONO, and another main species HNO3 which mainly comes from the hydrolysis of product NO2 in the gas path was detected. Almost no NO2 and HNO3 are produced under high RH without UV light or low RH with UV light, showing the combined effect of high RH and UV irradiation on the photolysis of NH4NO3. In addition, under high RH, the lower the pH and the stronger the light intensity, the higher the NO2 production. Furthermore, surprising yields of NO and HONO are detected in the presence of halogen ions, especially in the presence of I-, indicating the important role of halogen ion in the nitrate photolysis. These results provide new insights into the photolysis of atmospheric nitrate aerosols, and may contribute to elucidating the formation and migration of atmospheric nitrate aerosols and the potential mechanisms of the occurrence and evolution of atmospheric pollution and ozone pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Jin
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No.3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Kejing Yang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lianghai Xia
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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2
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Jiao X, Zeng R, Lan G, Zuo S, He J, Wang C. Mechanistic study on photochemical generation of I •/I 2•- radicals in coastal atmospheric aqueous aerosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154080. [PMID: 35218835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reactive iodine species may exhibit significant impacts on many global atmospheric issues and the I•/I2•- radicals play key roles for inducing the formation of these reactive iodine species. However, the current understanding on the formation of I•/I2•- radicals in atmospheric aqueous aerosol is still quite limited. The results reported herein suggest that I•/I2•- can be produced simultaneously in aqueous aerosol by several sunlight-driven photochemical pathways including direct photo-dissociation of soluble organic iodine (SOI) at rates of 0.10-1.34 × 10-9 M ns-1 and 0.99-5.68 × 10-7 M μs-1, •OH-mediated oxidation of I- at 0.03-1.41 × 10-8 M ns-1 and 0.05-4.10 × 10-6 M μs-1, and 3DOM⁎-induced oxidation of I- at 1.57-1.65 × 10-9 M ns-1 and 0.99-5.68 × 10-7 M μs-1 for generation of I• and I2•-, respectively. Meanwhile, the pathway of eaq--initiated stepwise reduction of IO3- to I2(aq) and further photolyzed into I• plays negligible role in formation of I•/I2•- due to the low reaction rates and severe quenching effect of eaq- by dissolved O2. Our work presented the new data on mechanism and kinetics for comprehensive elucidation of I•/I2•- formation in coastal atmospheric aqueous aerosol and would help to better understand the transformation mechanism of iodine species, pathways of iodine cycling and the associated environmental impacts involving atmospheric reactive iodine radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangcai Lan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyu Zuo
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham-Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; The Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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3
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Gemeda FT, Vorobyev V, Tarnovsky AN. Ultrafast Solution-Phase Photophysical and Photochemical Dynamics of Hexaiodobismuthate(III), the Heart of Bismuth Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1254-1267. [PMID: 35118867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast relaxation pathways in a hexaiodide bismuth(III) complex, BiI63-, excited at 530 nm in acetonitrile solution are studied by means of femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy supported by steady-state absorption/emission measurements and DFT computations. Radiationless relaxation out of the Franck-Condon, largely metal-centered (MC) triply degenerate 3T1u state (46 ± 19 fs), is driven by vibronic coupling due to the Jahn-Teller effect in the excited state. The relaxation populates two lower-energy states: a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excited state of 3π I(5pπ) → Bi(6p) nature and a luminescent "trap" 3A1u(3P0) MC state. Coherent population transfer from the initial 3T1u into the 3π LMCT state occurs in an oscillatory, stepwise manner at ∼190 and ∼550 fs with a population ratio of ∼4:1. The 3π LMCT state decays with a 2.9 ps lifetime, yielding two short-lived reaction intermediates of which the first one reforms the parent ground state with a 15 ps time constant, and the second one decays on a ∼5 ps timescale generating the triplet product species, which persists to the longest 2 ns delay times investigated. This product is identified as the η2 metal-ligated diiodide-bismuth adduct with the intramolecularly formed I-I bond, [(η2-I2)Bi(II)I4]3-, which is the species of interest for solar energy conversion and storage applications. The lifetime of the "trap" 3A1u state is estimated to be 13 ns from the photoluminescence quenching of BiI63-. The findings give insight into the excited-state relaxation dynamics and the photochemical reaction mechanisms in halide complexes of heavy ns2 metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firew T Gemeda
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Vasily Vorobyev
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Alexander N Tarnovsky
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
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4
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Zhang X, Ren P, Li W, Lei Y, Yang X, Blatchley ER. Synergistic removal of ammonium by monochloramine photolysis. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 152:226-233. [PMID: 30677633 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of ammonium (NH4+) in drinking water treatment results in inhibition of disinfection efficiency and formation of nitrogenous disinfection by-products. Our previous study found monochloramine (NH2Cl) photolysis under 254 nm UV irradiation can be effective for removal of NH4+; however, the mechanisms of NH4+ degradation in this process were unknown. The kinetics and fundamental radical chemistry responsible for NH4+ removal in the UV/NH2Cl process were investigated in this study. The results showed that the pseudo first-order rate constant for NH4+ degradation in the UV/NH2Cl process ranged between 3.6 × 10-4 to 1.8 × 10-3 s-1. Solution pH affected radical conversion and a higher NH4+ degradation efficiency was achieved under acidic conditions. The effects of chloride were limited; however, the presence of either bicarbonate or natural organic matter scavenged radicals and inhibited NH4+ removal. NH2Cl photolysis generated an aminyl radical (NH2•) and a chlorine radical (Cl•) that further transformed to a chlorine dimer (Cl2•-) and a hydroxyl radical (HO•). The second-order rate constants for Cl• and Cl2•- reacting with NH4+ were estimated as 2.59 × 108 M-1s-1 and 3.45 × 105 M-1s-1 at pH 3.9, respectively. Cl•, Cl2•-, and HO• contributed 95.2%, 3.5%, and 1.3% to NH4+ removal, respectively, at the condition of 3 mM NH2Cl and pH 7.5. Major products included nitrite and nitrate, possibly accompanied by nitrogen-containing gases. This investigation provides insight into the photochemistry of NH4+ degradation in the UV/NH2Cl process and offers an alternative method for drinking water production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Pengfei Ren
- Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ernest R Blatchley
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2051, USA; Division of Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2051, USA
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5
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Janik I, Tripathi GNR. The selenocyanate dimer radical anion in water: Transient Raman spectra, structure, and reaction dynamics. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094304. [PMID: 30849895 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenocyanate dimer radical anion (SeCN)2 •-, prepared by electron pulse irradiation of selenocyanate anion (SeCN)- in water, has been examined by transient absorption, time-resolved Raman spectra, and range-separated hybrid density functional (ωB97x and LC-ωPBE) theory. The Raman spectrum, excited in resonance with the 450 nm (λmax) absorption of the radical, is dominated by a very strong band at 140.5 cm-1, associated with the Se-Se stretching vibration, its overtones and combinations. A striking feature of the (SeCN)2 •- Raman spectrum is the relative sharpness of the 140.5 cm-1 band compared to the S-S band at 220 cm-1 in thiocyanate radical anion (SCN)2 •-, the difference of which is explained in terms of a time-averaged site effect. Calculations, which reproduce experimental frequencies fairly well, predict a molecular geometry with the SeSe bond length of 2.917 (±0.04) Å, the SeC bond length of 1.819 (±0.004) Å, and the CN bond length of 1.155 (±0.002) Å. An anharmonicity of 0.44 cm-1 has been determined for the 140.5 cm-1 Se-Se vibration which led to a dissociation energy of ∼1.4 eV for the SeSe bond, using the Morse potential in a diatomic approximation. This value, estimated for the radical confined in a solvent cage, compares well with the calculated gas-phase energy, 1.32 ± 0.04 eV, required for the radical to dissociate into (SeCN)• and (SeCN)- fragments. The enthalpy of dissociation in water has been measured (0.36 eV) and compared with the value estimated by accounting for the solvent dielectric effects in structural calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Janik
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - G N R Tripathi
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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6
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Troian-Gautier L, Turlington MD, Wehlin SAM, Maurer AB, Brady MD, Swords WB, Meyer GJ. Halide Photoredox Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4628-4683. [PMID: 30854847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Halide photoredox chemistry is of both practical and fundamental interest. Practical applications have largely focused on solar energy conversion with hydrogen gas, through HX splitting, and electrical power generation, in regenerative photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic cells. On a more fundamental level, halide photoredox chemistry provides a unique means to generate and characterize one electron transfer chemistry that is intimately coupled with X-X bond-breaking and -forming reactivity. This review aims to deliver a background on the solution chemistry of I, Br, and Cl that enables readers to understand and utilize the most recent advances in halide photoredox chemistry research. These include reactions initiated through outer-sphere, halide-to-metal, and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states. Kosower's salt, 1-methylpyridinium iodide, provides an early outer-sphere charge-transfer excited state that reports on solvent polarity. A plethora of new inner-sphere complexes based on transition and main group metal halide complexes that show promise for HX splitting are described. Long-lived charge-transfer excited states that undergo redox reactions with one or more halogen species are detailed. The review concludes with some key goals for future research that promise to direct the field of halide photoredox chemistry to even greater heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Michael D Turlington
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Sara A M Wehlin
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Andrew B Maurer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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7
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Abstract
Iodide redox chemistry is intimately coupled with the formation and breaking of chemical bonds that are relevant to emerging solar energy technologies. In this Account, recent advances in dye-sensitized iodide oxidation chemistry in organic solutions are described. Here RuII sensitizers with high cationic charge, tuned reduction potentials, and specific iodide receptor site(s) are shown to self-assemble in organic solvents and yield structures that rapidly oxidize iodide and generate I-I bonds when illuminated with visible light. These studies provided new insights into the fascinating behavior of our most polarizable and easily oxidized monatomic anion. Sensitized iodide photo-oxidation in CH3CN solutions consists of two mechanistic steps. In the first step, an excited-state sensitizer oxidizes iodide (I-) to an iodine atom (I•) through diffusional encounters. The second step involves the reaction of I• with I- to form the I-I bond of diiodide, I2•-. The overall reaction converts a green photon into about 1.64 eV of free energy in the form of I2•- and the reduced sensitizer. The free energy is only transiently available, as back-electron transfer to yield ground-state products is quantitative. Interestingly, when the free energy change is near zero, iodide photo-oxidation occurs rapidly with rate constants near the diffusion limit, i.e., >1010 M-1 s-1. Such rapid reactivity is in line with anecdotal knowledge that iodide is an outstanding electron donor and is indicative of adiabatic electron transfer through an inner-sphere mechanism. In low-dielectric-constant solvents, dicationic RuII sensitizers were found to form tight ion pairs with iodide. Diimine ligands with additional cationic charge, or "binding pockets" that recognize halides, have been utilized to position one or more halides at specific locations about the sensitizer before light absorption. Diverse photochemical reactions observed with these supramolecular assemblies range from the photorelease of halides to the formation of I-I bonds where both iodides present in the ground-state assembly react. Natural population analysis through density functional theory calculations accurately predicts the site(s) of iodide ion-pairing and provides information on the associated free energy change. The ability to direct light-driven bond formation in these ionic assemblies is extended to chloride and bromide ions. The structure-property relationships identified, and those that continue to emerge, may one day allow for the rational design of molecules and materials that drive desired halide transformations when illuminated with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wesley B. Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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8
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Zhang K, Parker KM. Halogen Radical Oxidants in Natural and Engineered Aquatic Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9579-9594. [PMID: 30080407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions contribute to the transformation of contaminants and biogeochemically important substrates in environmental aquatic systems. Recent research has demonstrated that halogen radicals (e.g., Cl•, Br•, Cl2•-, BrCl•-, Br2•-) impact photochemical processes in sunlit estuarine and coastal waters rich in halides (e.g., chloride, Cl-, and bromide, Br-). In addition, halogen radicals participate in contaminant degradation in some engineered processes, including chlorine photolysis for drinking water treatment and several radical-based processes for brine and wastewater treatment. Halogen radicals react selectively with substrates (with bimolecular rate constants spanning several orders of magnitude) and via several potential chemical mechanisms. Consequently, their role in photochemical processes remains challenging to assess. This review presents an integrative analysis of the chemistry of halogen radicals and their contribution to aquatic photochemistry in sunlit surface waters and engineered treatment systems. We evaluate existing data on the generation, speciation, and reactivity of halogen radicals, as well as experimental and computational approaches used to obtain this data. By evaluating existing data and identifying major uncertainties, this review provides a basis to assess the impact of halogen radicals on photochemical processes in both saline surface waters and engineered treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , Brauer Hall, 1 Brookings Dr. , St Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Kimberly M Parker
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , Brauer Hall, 1 Brookings Dr. , St Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
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9
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Coherent ultrafast lattice-directed reaction dynamics of triiodide anion photodissociation. Nat Chem 2017; 9:516-522. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Enami S, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. Halogen Radical Chemistry at Aqueous Interfaces. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6242-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Michael R. Hoffmann
- Linde
Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - A. J. Colussi
- Linde
Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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11
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Tarnovsky AN, Wall M, Rasmusson M, Pascher T, Åkesson E. Photodissociation Dynamics of Chloroiodomethane in Acetonitrile Studied by Ultrafast Pump-Probe Spectroscopy. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Yamaguchi M. Hemibonding of Hydroxyl Radical and Halide Anion in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14620-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2063386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamaguchi
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1194, Japan
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13
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Femtosecond photolysis of CH2Br2 in acetonitrile: Capturing the bromomethyl radical and bromine-atom charge transfer complex through deep-to-near UV probing. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Rivera CA, Winter N, Harper RV, Benjamin I, Bradforth SE. The dynamical role of solvent on the ICN photodissociation reaction: connecting experimental observables directly with molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8269-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Henglein A. Colloidal TiO2 Catalyzed Photo- and Radiation Chemical Processes in Aqueous Solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19820860313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Herrmann H. On the photolysis of simple anions and neutral molecules as sources of O−/OH, SOx−and Cl in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:3935-64. [PMID: 17646883 DOI: 10.1039/b618565g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This contribution examines the aqueous phase photolysis processes of simple anions such as nitrate, nitrite, peroxodisulfate and neutral molecules such as H2O2. The review includes new results on absolute effective quantum yields for the photodissociation processes of NO3(-), NO2(-), S2O8(2-), HSO5(-), S2O6(2-), HOCl, and chloroacetone in an aqueous solution. The quantum yields for the photolysis of nitrate and nitrite have also been determined as a function of temperature. Models to interpret the wavelength and the temperature dependencies of the quantum yields for the different systems are discussed and a simple model treatment is developed to quantify the effects of (i) impulse conservation, (ii) electrostatic interaction (e.g., ion-dipole, dipole-dipole and coulomb interaction between the photofragments directly after photolytic fragmentation), and (iii) diffusion and recombination. The combined impulse-interaction-diffusion (IID) model is compared to the experimentally observed effective radical formation quantum yields and reasonable agreement is found for a number of systems. It is shown that the temperature dependencies for effective quantum yields of photolysis processes in aqueous solution are not only governed by the temperature dependence of the viscosity of water but also determined by the temperature dependence of the rate constants of the photofragment recombination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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17
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Moskun AC, Bradforth SE, Thøgersen J, Keiding S. Absence of a Signature of Aqueous I(2P1/2) after 200-nm Photodetachment of I-(aq). J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:10947-55. [PMID: 16986827 DOI: 10.1021/jp053992+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast pump-broadband probe spectroscopy was used to study the transient photoproducts following 200-nm photodetachment of I(-)(aq). Resonant detachment at 200 nm in the second charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) band of I(-)(aq) is expected to produce an electron and iodine in its spin-orbit excited state, I*((2)P(1/2)). The transients in solution following photodetachment were probed from 200 to 620 nm. Along with strong absorption in the visible region due to solvated electrons and a strong bleach of the I(-)(aq) ground-state absorption, a weaker transient absorption near 260 nm was observed that is consistent with a previously assigned ground-state I((2)P(3/2)) charge-transfer band. However, no evidence was found for an equivalent I*(aq) charge-transfer absorption, and I((2)P(3/2)) was produced within the instrument response. This suggests either that I* is electronically relaxed in less than 300 fs or that excitation in the second CTTS band does not in fact lead to I*. The consequences for previous experimental work where I*(aq) production has been postulated, as well as for halogen electron ejection mechanisms, are discussed. In addition, the broad spectral coverage of this study reveals in the bleach recovery the rapid cooling of the solvent surrounding the re-formed iodide after geminate recombination of the iodine with the solvated electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Moskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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18
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Yu XY, Bao ZC, Barker JR. Free Radical Reactions Involving Cl•, Cl2-•, and SO4-• in the 248 nm Photolysis of Aqueous Solutions Containing S2O82- and Cl-. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036211i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - Zhen-Chuan Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - John R. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
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Tarnovsky AN, Sundström V, Åkesson E, Pascher T. Photochemistry of Diiodomethane in Solution Studied by Femtosecond and Nanosecond Laser Photolysis. Formation and Dark Reactions of the CH2I−I Isomer Photoproduct and Its Role in Cyclopropanation of Olefins. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035406n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Tarnovsky
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Åkesson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Moskun AC, Bradforth SE. Photodissociation of ICN in polar solvents: Evidence for long lived rotational excitation in room temperature liquids. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1591726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Herrmann H, Majdik Z, Ervens B, Weise D. Halogen production from aqueous tropospheric particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2003; 52:485-502. [PMID: 12738274 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Box model studies have been performed to study the role of aqueous phase chemistry with regard to halogen activation for marine and urban clouds and the marine aerosol as well. Different chemical pathways leading to halogen activation in diluted cloud droplets and highly concentrated sea salt aerosol particles are investigated. The concentration of halides in cloud droplets is significantly smaller than in sea-salt particles, and hence different reaction sequences control the overall chemical conversions. In diluted droplets radical chemistry involving OH, NO(3), Cl/Cl(2)(-)/ClOH(-), and Br/Br(2)(-)/BrOH(-) gains in importance and pH independent pathways lead to the release of halogens from the particle phase whereas the chemistry in aerosol particles with high electrolyte concentrations is controlled by non-radical reactions at high ionic strengths and relatively low pH values. For the simulation of halogen activation in tropospheric clouds and aqueous aerosol particles in different environments a halogen module was developed including both gas and aqueous phase processes of halogen containing species. This module is coupled to a base mechanism consisting of RACM (Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism) and the Chemical Aqueous Phase Radical Mechanism CAPRAM 2.4 (MODAC-mechanism). Phase exchange is described by the resistance model by Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric Systems, NATO ASI Series, 1986. It can be shown that under cloud conditions the bromine atom is mainly produced by OH initiated reactions, i.e. its concentration maximum is reached at noon. In contrast, the concentration level of chlorine atoms is linked to NO(3) radical chemistry leading to a smaller amplitude between day and night time concentrations. The contribution of radical processes to halogen atom formation in the particle phase is evident, e.g. by halogen atoms which undergo direct phase transfer. Furthermore, the application of the multiphase model for initial concentrations for sea-salt aerosols shows that the particle phase can act as a main source of halogen containing molecules (Cl(2), BrCl, Br(2)) which are photolysed in the gas phase to yield halogen atoms (about 70% of all Cl sources and more than 99% for Br).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Herrmann
- Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Yu XY, Barker JR. Hydrogen Peroxide Photolysis in Acidic Aqueous Solutions Containing Chloride Ions. II. Quantum Yield of HO•(Aq) Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026666s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - John R. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
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23
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Yu XY, Barker JR. Hydrogen Peroxide Photolysis in Acidic Aqueous Solutions Containing Chloride Ions. I. Chemical Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0266648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - John R. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
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Mártire DO, Rosso JA, Bertolotti S, Le Roux GC, Braun AM, Gonzalez MC. Kinetic Study of the Reactions of Chlorine Atoms and Cl2•- Radical Anions in Aqueous Solutions. II. Toluene, Benzoic Acid, and Chlorobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004630z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O. Mártire
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Janina A. Rosso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sonia Bertolotti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Galo Carrillo Le Roux
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - André M. Braun
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mónica C. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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Alegre ML, Geronés M, Rosso JA, Bertolotti SG, Braun AM, Mártire DO, Gonzalez MC. Kinetic Study of the Reactions of Chlorine Atoms and Cl2•- Radical Anions in Aqueous Solutions. 1. Reaction with Benzene. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9929768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María L. Alegre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariana Geronés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Janina A. Rosso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sonia G. Bertolotti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - André M. Braun
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel O. Mártire
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mónica C. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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Kühne T, Küster R, Vöhringer P. Femtosecond photodissociation of triiodide in solution: Excitation energy dependence and transition state dynamics. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(97)00354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Beitz T, Bechmann W, Mitzner R. Investigations of Reactions of Selected Azaarenes with Radicals in Water. 2. Chlorine and Bromine Radicals. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toralf Beitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bechmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rolf Mitzner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Germany
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Kühne T, Vöhringer P. Transient Anisotropy and Fragment Rotational Excitation in the Femtosecond Photodissociation of Triiodide in Solution. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp973154i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kühne
- Abteilung Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Abteilung Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Steenken S. One-electron redox reactions between radicals and organic molecules. An addition/elimination (inner-sphere) path [1]. ELECTRON TRANSFER II 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-60110-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pugliano N, Szarka AZ, Gnanakaran S, Triechel M, Hochstrasser RM. Vibrational population dynamics of the HgI photofragment in ethanol solution. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Acetone-sensitized photolysis of 5-iodouracil and 5-iodouridine in aqueous solution in the presence of alcohols: free radical chain mechanism. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(93)80015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Quantum yields for the generation of hydrated electrons and single-strand breaks in poly(C), poly(A) and single-stranded DNA in aqueous solution on 20 ns laser excitation at 248 nm. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(90)87116-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chanon M, Rajzmann M, Chanon F. One electron more, One electron less. What does it change? Activations Induced by electron Transfer. The electron, an activating messenger. Tetrahedron 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stanbury DM. Reduction Potentials Involving Inorganic Free Radicals in Aqueous Solution. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Opitz J, Schulte-Frohlinde D. Laser-induced photoionization and single-strand break formation for polynucleotides and single-stranded DNA in aqueous solution: model studies for the direct effect of high energy radiation on DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0047-2670(87)80013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zafiriou OC, Bonneau R. WAVELENGTH-DEPENDENT QUANTUM YIELD OF OH RADICAL FORMATION FROM PHOTOLYSIS OF NITRITE ION IN WATER. Photochem Photobiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb07873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rehorek D, Janzen EG. Spin trapping of thiocyanatyl (sigma;SCN) radicals by nitrone spin traps. Inorganica Chim Acta 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)81359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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