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Mondal M, Bala J, Mondal KR, Afrin S, Saha P, Saha M, Jamaddar S, Roy UK, Sarkar C. The protective effects of nerol to prevent the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride to the liver in Sprague-Dawley rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23065. [PMID: 38125544 PMCID: PMC10731234 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) is well-known to cause liver damage due to severe oxidative stress. Nerol, on the other hand, is a monoterpene that is antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic. This study set out to determine if nerol may be used as a prophylactic measure against the oxidative stress mediated hepatic injury caused by CCl4. Materials and methods For the aim of this experiment, 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats ranging in body weight (BW) from 140 to 180 g were split into five separate groups. With the exception of vehicle control group 1, all experimental rats were subjected to carbon tetrachloride exposure through intra-peritoneal injection at a 0.7 mL/kg body weight dose once a week for 4 weeks (28 days). The treatment groups 3 and 4 received oral administration of nerol at 50 and 100 mg/kg BW for 28 days. In the same time period, the standard control group received 100 mg/kg BW silymarin. Results Serum hepatic markers, lipid profiles, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, and total protein were all substantially improved in nerol-treated rats in a dose-dependent manner that had been exposed to CCl4 compared to the only CCl4-treated group. Carbon tetrachloride-exposed rats had lower glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels and higher thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels than normal rats. In contrast, administration of nerol shown a significant augmentation in the concentrations of these antioxidant compounds, while concurrently inducing a decline in the levels of TBARS in the hepatic tissue. In a similar vein, the histo-pathological examination yielded further evidence indicating that nerol offered protection to the hepatocyte against damage generated by CCl4. Conclusion According to the findings of our investigation, nerol has potential as a functional element to shield the liver from harm brought on by ROS that are caused by CCL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Jibanananda Bala
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Protyaee Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Moumita Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Sarmin Jamaddar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Uttam Kumar Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
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Çakır S. The Effect of Royal Jelly on Telomere Length and Some Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Albino Rats with Liver Damage Caused by Carbon Tetrachloride. J Med Food 2023; 26:580-585. [PMID: 37477674 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a natural bee product that has been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. The therapeutic properties of this product, which has rich biological content, are still being investigated with new approaches. In this study, the effect of RJ on telomere length, some antioxidant parameters, and lipid profile was examined. This study will contribute to the literature as it is the first to evaluate the effect of RJ on the length of telomeres in damaged liver tissues. In the study, the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), telomerase, 8'-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) were investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and telomere lengths were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The increased TC, LDL-C levels, and AST and ALT activities in the serum after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration approached the control level after RJ administration. PON1 activity decreased in groups with CCl4. PON1 activity increased after RJ administration. The level of 8-OHdG, which increased groups with CCl4, decreased after RJ administration. According to the results of telomere length analysis in liver tissues, telomere lengths in damaged tissues were significantly shortened with CCl4 application and increased with RJ application. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that RJ may have therapeutic effects on telomere lengths and some biochemistry parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcen Çakır
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Veisi S, Sarkheil M, Johari SA, Safari O. Dietary supplementation with melatonin: influence on growth performance, oxidative stress status, and amelioration of silver nanoparticles-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:314. [PMID: 33970357 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excessive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to antibacterial properties can raise concerns about their release into environment and potential toxicity in aquatic organisms. Melatonin has several physiological functions especially antioxidant potential against oxidative stress. The current study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of two doses of dietary melatonin on growth performance, plasma biochemistry, and liver enzyme activity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. We also investigated the potential ameliorative effect of melatonin in AgNPs-induced biochemical alterations in tilapia fish. The results showed that melatonin-supplemented diets had no significant effect on growth performance of fish (P>0.05). The liver GPx activity increased in fish fed melatonin-supplemented diets (P<0.05), but the SOD activity showed no significant difference in comparison with the control (P>0.05). The administration of melatonin-supplemented diets reduced the activity of liver MDA compared to the control (P<0.05). Feeding fish with high melatonin-supplemented diet (200 mg kg-1 of diet) decreased the plasma glucose, total protein, and AST levels (P<0.05). The liver GPx and SOD activities were higher in high melatonin-treated fish exposed to AgNPs than the control group (P<0.05). Dietary melatonin decreased the liver MDA activity in AgNPs-exposed fish. The plasma glucose, AST, and ALT levels in melatonin-treated fish exposed to AgNPs decreased compared to the untreated exposed fish (P<0.05). Melatonin-treated fish exposed to 0.05 and 0.5 mg L-1 of AgNPs had lower plasma LDH level than the control group (P<0.05). The results showed that consumption of melatonin-supplemented diets could modulate some of the biochemical indices of plasma and liver in Nile tilapia. The findings also indicated the ameliorative effect of dietary melatonin on AgNPs-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Veisi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sarkheil
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.B, Mashhad, 91773-1363, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Omid Safari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.B, Mashhad, 91773-1363, Iran
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Martínez Soriano B, Güemes A, Pola G, Gonzalo A, Palacios Gasós P, Navarro AC, Martínez-Beamonte R, Osada J, García JJ. Effect of Melatonin as an Antioxidant Drug to Reverse Hepatic Steatosis: Experimental Model. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 2020:7315253. [PMID: 32566547 PMCID: PMC7293725 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7315253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hepatic steatosis of the nonalcoholic origin or NAFLD is increasing at present, particularly in Western countries, parallel to the increase in obesity, constituting one of the most prevalent hepatic processes in the Western society. Melatonin has been successfully tested in experimental models in mice as a drug capable of reversing steatosis. The effect of melatonin on fat metabolism can be summarized as a decrease in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in oxidative stress, biochemical phenomena intimately related to fat deposition in the hepatocyte. There are hardly any studies in large animals. Objective In this study, we investigate the effects of melatonin administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day to reverse established hepatic steatosis induced by a special diet in a porcine animal model. Materials and Methods We analyze the parameters of oxidative stress: malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA), and carbonyls, degree of fat infiltration (analyzed by direct vision by a pathologist and by means of a computer program of image treatment), and serological parameters of lipid metabolism and hepatic damage. These parameters were analyzed in animals to which hepatic steatosis was induced by means of dietary modifications. Results We have not been able to demonstrate globally a beneficial effect of melatonin in the improvement or reversal of liver steatosis once established, induced by diet in a porcine animal model. However, we have found several signs of improvement at the histological level, at the level of lipid metabolism, and at the level of oxidative stress parameters. We have verified in our study that, in the histological analysis of the liver sample by means of the program image treatment (free of subjectivity) of the animals that continue with the diet, those that consume melatonin do not increase steatosis as much as those that do not consume it significantly (p=0.002). Regarding the parameters of oxidative stress, MDA modifies in a significant manner within the group of animals that continue with the diet and take melatonin (p=0.004). As for lipid metabolism, animals that maintain the steatotic diet and take melatonin lower total and LDL cholesterol levels and increase HDL levels, although these results do not acquire statistical significance. Conclusions In this study, it has not been possible to demonstrate a beneficial effect of melatonin in the improvement or reversal of liver steatosis once established and induced by diet in the porcine model. It is true that signs of improvement have been found at the histological level, at the level of lipid metabolism, and at the level of oxidative stress phenomena, when comparing animals with established steatosis that are treated with melatonin with those who do not take it. This work is the first study conducted in a large animal model in which the effect of melatonin is studied as a treatment in the reversal of established hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Güemes
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pola
- Department of Surgery, General Defense Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Azucena Gonzalo
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ana C. Navarro
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Osada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José J. García
- Department of Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Fadda LM, Alhusaini AM, Ali HM, Hasan IH, Badr AM, Zakaria EA. Cross Talk Between TGF-β and JAK Expressions and Nepherotoxicity Induced by Tetrachloromethane: Role of Phytotherapy. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819871755. [PMID: 31516401 PMCID: PMC6719478 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819871755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to assess the effectiveness of milk thistle seeds (Mth) in combination with Taraxacum officinale (Tof) and/or Camellia sinensis (Csin) against tetrachloromethane (Tcm) renotoxicity in rats. Tetrachloromethane was injected in a single dose, followed by 1-month treatments with Mth, Tof, and Csin alone or in combination. Serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels were significantly increased matched with the control group. Masson trichrome stain revealed increase in the deposition of fibrous tissue in the interstitium between the tubules and the renal corpuscles. Immunohistochemical analysis of kidney tissues revealed that Tcm induced an increase in the immune response of tumor growth factor β (TGF-β) and Janus kinase (JAK) protein expressions and cysteine–aspartic acid protease 3 (caspase 3), while B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) was downregulated. Treatment with the antioxidants in question either alone or in combination ameliorated all kidney function parameters and showed mild immune reactivity toward TGF-β and JAK protein expressions in blood vessels and glomeruli in the kidney tissues and downregulated caspase 3 and activated Bcl2 protein expression. The combination regimen of the 3 antioxidants showed the most significant renoprotective effect. This was also confirmed histopathologically. It was concluded that the antioxidant mixture is considered as a promising candidate toward renal dysfunction and immune reactivity induced by Tcm and other toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila M Fadda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam M Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa M Ali
- Common First Year, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Iman H Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, AIN Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A Zakaria
- Pharmaceutics Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Potić M, Ignjatović I, Ničković VP, Živković JB, Krdžić JD, Mitić JS, Popović D, Ilić IR, Stojanović NM, Sokolović D. Two different melatonin treatment regimens prevent an increase in kidney injury marker-1 induced by carbon tetrachloride in rat kidneys. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:422-428. [PMID: 30730758 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a frequent disorder that can be mimicked by the application of different nephrotoxic agents, including carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), where kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1) has been recognized as a highly specific marker. Melatonin is one of the most powerful natural antioxidants and has numerous beneficial properties. We evaluated the nephroprotective potential of 2 melatonin treatment regimens (pre- and post-intoxication) in a CCl4-induced acute kidney injury model based on the standard serum parameters, kidney tissue antioxidative capacity, KIM-1 levels, and kidney tissue morphological changes. The two treatment regimens were found to preserve kidney function, as judged from the evaluated standard serum parameters. Only when administered after the intoxication, melatonin preserved total kidney antioxidant capacity; pre-treatment melatonin only preserved reduced glutathione levels. An increase in tissue KIM-1 level was found to be prevented by both treatment regimens, which correlated with the morphological changes seen in the kidney tissues of animals treated with melatonin and CCl4. The findings of our study are in agreement with the known actions of melatonin in relieving kidney tissue oxidative burden, but also contribute to the understanding of its action by preventing an increase in KIM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Potić
- a Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Clinical center Niš-Clinic of urology, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ivan Ignjatović
- a Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Clinical center Niš-Clinic of urology, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Jovan B Živković
- c Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Jelena D Krdžić
- c Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Jadranka S Mitić
- c Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Dejan Popović
- d Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Ðinđića 81, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ivan R Ilić
- d Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Ðinđića 81, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Dušan Sokolović
- d Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Ðinđića 81, Niš, Serbia
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Eldesoky AH, Abdel-Rahman RF, Ahmed OK, Soliman GA, Saeedan AS, Elzorba HY, Elansary AA, Hattori M. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Plantago major
growing in Egypt and its major phenylethanoid glycoside, acteoside. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Eldesoky
- Department of Pharmacognosy; National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St; Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Rehab F. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology; National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St; Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Osama K. Ahmed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Biochemistry Department; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy; Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University; Al-Kharj KSA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz S. Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy; Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University; Al-Kharj KSA
| | - Hisham Y. Elzorba
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Amira A. Elansary
- Department of Pharmacognosy; National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St; Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Massao Hattori
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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Ničković VP, Novaković T, Lazarević S, Šulović L, Živković Z, Živković J, Mladenović B, Stojanović NM, Petrović V, Sokolović DT. Pre- vs. post-treatment with melatonin in CCl 4-induced liver damage: Oxidative stress inferred from biochemical and pathohistological studies. Life Sci 2018; 202:28-34. [PMID: 29626529 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was designed to compare the ameliorating potential of pre- and post-treatments with melatonin, a potent natural antioxidant, in the carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver damage model by tracking changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic liver tissue defense parameters, as well as in the occurring pathohistological changes. MAIN METHODS Rats from two experimental groups were treated with melatonin before and after CCl4 administration, while the controls, negative and positive, received vehicle/melatonin and CCl4, respectively. Serum levels of transaminases, alkaline phosphates, γ-GT, bilirubin, and albumin, as well as a wide panel of oxidative stress-related parameters in liver tissue, were determined in all experimental animals. Liver tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and further evaluated for morphological changes. KEY FINDINGS Both pre- and post-treatment with melatonin prevented a CCl4-induced increase in serum (ALT, AST, and γ-GT) and tissue (MDA and XO) liver damage markers and a decrease in the tissue total antioxidant capacity, in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. The intensity of pathological changes, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, was suppressed by the treatment with melatonin. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, melatonin, especially as a post-intoxication treatment, attenuated CCl4-induced liver oxidative damage, increased liver antioxidant capacities and improved liver microscopic appearance. The results are of interest due to the great protective potential of melatonin that was even demonstrated to be stronger if applied after the tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ljiljana Šulović
- Medical faculty, University of Pristina, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Zorica Živković
- Medical faculty, University of Pristina, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Jovan Živković
- Medical faculty, University of Pristina, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | | | - Nikola M Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vladmir Petrović
- Institute of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Dušan T Sokolović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
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Ma JQ, Liu CM, Yang W. Protective effect of rutin against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in mouse kidney associated with the ceramide, MAPKs, p53 and calpain activities. Chem Biol Interact 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kemelo MK, Pierzynová A, Kutinová Canová N, Kučera T, Farghali H. The involvement of sirtuin 1 and heme oxygenase 1 in the hepatoprotective effects of quercetin against carbon tetrachloride-induced sub-chronic liver toxicity in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 269:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Physiological and pathophysiological factors affecting the expression and activity of the drug transporter MRP2 in intestine. Impact on its function as membrane barrier. Pharmacol Res 2016; 109:32-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Melatonin’s role in preventing toxin-related and sepsis-mediated hepatic damage: A review. Pharmacol Res 2016; 105:108-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Althnaian T, Albokhadaim I, El-Bahr SM. Biochemical and histopathological study in rats intoxicated with carbontetrachloride and treated with camel milk. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:57. [PMID: 23487568 PMCID: PMC3593006 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unique characters of camel’s milk make it used extensively in the field of medicine as anti-microbial, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective agent. The lack of studies demonstrating the protective effect of camel’s milk against hepatotoxic compound was the main reason beyond the conduction of the current experiment which aimed to investigate the protective effects of camel’s milk against carbontetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, 24 rats were fed on standard diet and divided into four groups. Rats of the first group and second groups were injected i/p with paraffin oil and received either tap water (control 1) or camel’s milk (control 2), respectively. Rats of the third and fourth groups were injected i/p with CCl4 and received either tap water or camel’s milk, respectively. At the end of the experiment (5 weeks), blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The present findings revealed that, CCl4 elevated serum enzyme activities of liver and some biochemical parameters, but these effects were prevented by the treatment of rats with camel milk. Histopathologically, a great amount of mononuclear cells infiltration, necrotic cells and few fibroblasts were observed in liver of CCl4 treated group. The present study concluded that camel milk treatment may play a protective role against CCl4-induced liver damages in rats. These protective effects were in the form of improving of liver enzyme activities, blood biochemical parameters and histological picture of liver of intoxicated rats. In the future, examination of the liver protective effect of camel milk against CCl4 in dose dependant manner could be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thnaian Althnaian
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Tas U, Ogeturk M, Kuloglu T, Sapmaz HI, Kocaman N, Zararsiz I, Sarsilmaz M. HSP70 immune reactivity and TUNEL positivity in the liver of toluene-inhaled and melatonin-treated rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:514-22. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712440138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toluene is a clear, colorless and volatile hydrocarbon that is metabolized in liver, produced free oxygen radicals and can mediate cellular damage. Melatonin which is a pineal gland hormone is a very potent antioxidant. It can make the cellular membrane more durable against oxidative attacks and protect nuclear DNA from oxidative damage. This study aimed to investigate heat shock protein (HSP)70 immune reactivity and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positivity (apoptotic activity) in the liver of toluene-inhaled and melatonin-treated rats. A total of 21 adult male Wistar albino rats were divided at random into 3 equal groups. Animals in group I were designated as control. The rats in group II were exposed to toluene (3000 ppm/1 h/day) for 30 days, while the rats in group III were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) plus toluene inhalation. At the end of the 30-day experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation. Then the liver tissues of rats were removed and tissue specimens were embedded in paraffin blocks. The specimens were stained with periodic acid-schiff (PAS) following routine histological procedures. Sections obtained from paraffin blocks were used for immune detection of TUNEL and HSP70. In light microscopic observations of tissues from toluene-inhaled rats, massive hepatocyte degeneration, ballooning degeneration and decreased PAS positivity were observed. Increased TUNEL positivity and HSP70 immune reactivity were determined in toluene-inhaled group and melatonin treatment decreased all these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Tas
- Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Murat Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Kuloglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Nevin Kocaman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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15
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Tas U, Ogeturk M, Meydan S, Kus I, Kuloglu T, Ilhan N, Kose E, Sarsilmaz M. Hepatotoxic activity of toluene inhalation and protective role of melatonin. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 27:465-73. [PMID: 21343225 DOI: 10.1177/0748233710389853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the harmful effects of toluene inhalation in the liver of rats and possible protective effects of melatonin on these detrimental effects. For this purpose, 21 adult male Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. Animals in group I were used as control. The rats in group II were exposed to toluene (3000 ppm/1 hour/day) for 4 weeks, while the rats in group III were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally [ip]) plus toluene inhalation. At the end of the experimental period, liver and blood samples were taken from the decapitated animals. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin and albumin levels were determined. Liver tissue sections were stained with routine histological methods and examined under the light microscope. In addition, the sections were immunohistochemically stained using avidin-biotin-peroxidase method for determination of apoptosis. The liver tissue activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured. Toluene inhalation significantly increased serum ALT, AST and tissue MDA, and decreased serum albumin, but did not affect serum ALP, total bilirubin levels and tissue SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity when compared with controls. The increases in tissue MDA and serum ALT and AST levels induced by toluene inhalation were significantly inhibited by melatonin treatment. In light microscopic observations of tissues from toluene-inhaled rats, massive hepatocyte degeneration, ballooning degeneration and mild pericentral fibrosis were observed. Bax immune reactivity was also increased significantly. Melatonin treatment decreased the balloon degeneration, fibrosis and Bax immune reactivity in the liver of toluene-inhaled rats. In view of the present findings, it is suggested that melatonin has hepatoprotective effects against toluene toxicity via primarily antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Tas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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16
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Bharti VK, Srivastava RS. Effects of Epiphyseal Proteins and Melatonin on Blood Biochemical Parameters of Fluoride-Intoxicated Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-011-9158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Kell DB. Towards a unifying, systems biology understanding of large-scale cellular death and destruction caused by poorly liganded iron: Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, prions, bactericides, chemical toxicology and others as examples. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:825-89. [PMID: 20967426 PMCID: PMC2988997 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of toxins and/or infectious agents leads to disease, degeneration and death, often characterised by circumstances in which cells or tissues do not merely die and cease to function but may be more or less entirely obliterated. It is then legitimate to ask the question as to whether, despite the many kinds of agent involved, there may be at least some unifying mechanisms of such cell death and destruction. I summarise the evidence that in a great many cases, one underlying mechanism, providing major stresses of this type, entails continuing and autocatalytic production (based on positive feedback mechanisms) of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton chemistry involving poorly liganded iron, leading to cell death via apoptosis (probably including via pathways induced by changes in the NF-κB system). While every pathway is in some sense connected to every other one, I highlight the literature evidence suggesting that the degenerative effects of many diseases and toxicological insults converge on iron dysregulation. This highlights specifically the role of iron metabolism, and the detailed speciation of iron, in chemical and other toxicology, and has significant implications for the use of iron chelating substances (probably in partnership with appropriate anti-oxidants) as nutritional or therapeutic agents in inhibiting both the progression of these mainly degenerative diseases and the sequelae of both chronic and acute toxin exposure. The complexity of biochemical networks, especially those involving autocatalytic behaviour and positive feedbacks, means that multiple interventions (e.g. of iron chelators plus antioxidants) are likely to prove most effective. A variety of systems biology approaches, that I summarise, can predict both the mechanisms involved in these cell death pathways and the optimal sites of action for nutritional or pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and the Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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18
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Ahmed F, Urooj A. Hepatoprotective effects of Ficus racemosa stem bark against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in albino rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:210-216. [PMID: 20645843 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the hepatoprotective effects of petroleum ether (FRPE) and methanol (FRME) extract of Ficus racemosa Linn. (Moraceae) stem bark were studied using the model of hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats. CCl(4) administration induced a significant decrease in serum total protein, albumin, urea and a significant increase (P <or= 0.01) in total bilirubin associated with a marked elevation in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as compared to control rats. Further, CCl(4) intoxication caused significant increase in the TBARS and decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels in serum, liver and kidney. Pretreatment with FRPE and FRME restored total protein and albumin to near normal levels. Both the extracts resulted in significant decreases in the activities of AST, ALT and ALP, compared to CCl(4)-treated rats. However, a greater degree of reduction was observed in FRME pretreated group (FRPE 43%, 38%, and 33%; FRME 55%, 73%, and 38%). Total bilirubin content decreased from 2.1 mg/dL in CCl(4)-treated rats to 0.8 and 0.3 mg/dL in FRPE and FRME pretreated rats, respectively. The extracts improved the antioxidant status considerably as reflected by low TBARS and high GSH values. FRME exhibited higher hepatoprotective activity than a standard liver tonic (Liv52), while the protective effect of FRPE was similar to that of Liv52. The protective effect of F. racemosa was confirmed by histopathological profiles of the liver. The results indicate that F. racemosa possesses potent hepatoprotective effects against CCl(4)-induced hepatic damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiyaz Ahmed
- Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.
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19
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Zararsiz I, Sarsilmaz M, Tas U, Kus I, Meydan S, Ozan E. Protective effect of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced kidney damage in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2008; 23:573-9. [PMID: 18717515 DOI: 10.1177/0748233708089022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced renal damage in rats. For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The animals in Group I were used as a control, whereas the rats in group II were injected every other day with formaldehyde. The rats in group III received melatonin daily while exposed to formaldehyde. At the end of the 14-day experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation, and the kidneys were removed. Some of the renal tissue specimens were used for determination of superoxide dismutase, glutatione peroxidase enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde levels. The remaining kidney tissue specimens were used for light microscopic evaluation. The renal tissue activities of superoxide dismutase and glutatione peroxidase were significantly decreased, and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in rats treated with formaldehyde compared with those of the control animals. In the light microscopic evaluation of this group, degenerative glomerules, vacuolization and dilatation of distal tubules, and vascular congestion were detected. However, an increase was observed in activities of superoxide dismutase and glutatione peroxidase enzymes, and a decrease of malondialdehyde levels in animals treated with formaldehyde plus melatonin was observed. Furthermore, the histopathological changes caused by formaldehyde were disappeared except for minimal tubular dilatation in this group. In conclusion, the biochemical and histological findings of our study suggest that melatonin administration prevents formaldehyde-induced oxidative renal damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zararsiz
- Mustafa Kemal University, Tayfur Ata Sokmen Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy, Antakya, Turkey
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Yokooji T, Murakami T, Yumoto R, Nagai J, Takano M. Function of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in acute hepatic failure rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 546:152-60. [PMID: 16899240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The function of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) in the intestine and liver, as well as intestinal Mrp2 expression, was analyzed in CCl(4)-induced acute hepatic failure rats with hyperbilirubinemia. The plasma level of bilirubin glucuronides, endogenous Mrp2-substrates, was 26 microM at 24 h after CCl(4) treatment. Mrp2 protein levels in jejunum decreased to 41% of control level. Mrp2-mediated efflux of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-GSH), an Mrp2-substrate, in jejunum decreased to 31% of control in vitro, and was almost completely suppressed in vivo to the same level as that in the presence of probenecid, an Mrp2-inhibitor. Biliary excretion of DNP-GSH was suppressed to the same level as that inhibited by intravenous probenecid. The suppression of Mrp2 and the increased plasma bilirubin glucuronides recovered within 24 h thereafter. These results suggest that hyperbilirubinemia in disease states may be related to the systemic suppression of Mrp2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Yokooji
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Ma X, Idle JR, Krausz KW, Tan DX, Ceraulo L, Gonzalez FJ. Urinary metabolites and antioxidant products of exogenous melatonin in the mouse. J Pineal Res 2006; 40:343-9. [PMID: 16635022 PMCID: PMC1448215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous melatonin is widely used for sleep disorders and has potential value in neuroprotection, cardioprotection and as an antioxidant. Here, a novel method is described for the determination of melatonin and six metabolites in mouse urine by use of LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. LC-MS/MS is used for the measurement of melatonin, N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and 6-hydroxymelatonin (6-HMEL), while GC/MS is used for the determination of N-[2-(5-methoxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide (2-OMEL) and cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-HMEL) with detection limits on column of 0.02-0.5 pmol, depending on the metabolite. Following oral administration of melatonin to mice, a 0-24 hr urine collection revealed the presence of melatonin (0.2% dose), 6-HMEL (37.1%) and NAS (3.1%) comprising >90% of the total metabolites; AMK and AFMK were also detected at 0.01% each; 2-OMEL was found at 2.2% of the dose, which is >100 times more than the AMK/AFMK pathway, and comprises >5% of the melatonin-related material detected in mouse urine. 3-HMEL was largely found as a sulfate conjugate. These studies establish sensitive assays for determination of six melatonin metabolites in mouse urine and confirm the potential for antioxidant activity of melatonin through the identification in vivo of AMK and AFMK, ring-opened metabolites with a high capacity for scavenging reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Ma
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeffrey R. Idle
- Institute of Pharmacology, 1 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Leopoldo Ceraulo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Universita di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Corresponding author: Frank J. Gonzalez, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892. Telephone: +301 496 9067. Fax: +301 496 8419.
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