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Dulyanska Y, Cruz-Lopes L, Esteves B, Guiné R, Domingos I. FTIR Monitoring of Polyurethane Foams Derived from Acid-Liquefied and Base-Liquefied Polyols. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2214. [PMID: 39125240 PMCID: PMC11314664 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyalcohol liquefaction can be performed by acid or base catalysis, producing polyols with different properties. This study compared the mechanical properties of foams produced using polyols from liquefied Cytisus scoparius obtained by acid and base catalysis and using two different foam catalysts. The differences were monitored using FTIR analysis. Acid-catalyzed liquefaction yielded 95.1%, with the resultant polyol having an OH index of 1081 mg KOH/g, while base catalysis yielded 82.5%, with a similar OH index of 1070 mg KOH/g. Generally, compressive strength with dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) ranged from 16 to 31 kPa (acid-liquefied polyol) and 12 to 21 kPa (base-liquefied polyol), while with stannous octoate (TIN), it ranged from 17 to 42 kPa (acid) and 29 to 68 kPa (base). Increasing water content generally decreased the compressive modulus and strength of the foams. Higher water content led to a higher absorption at 1670 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum due to the formation of urea. Higher isocyanate indices generally improved compressive strength, but high amounts led to unreacted isocyanate that could be seen by a higher absorption at 2265 cm-1 and 3290 cm-1. DBTL was shown to be the best foam catalyst due to higher trimer conversion seen in the spectra by a higher absorption at 1410 cm-1. Acid- and base-derived polyols lead to different polyurethane foams with different FTIR spectra, particularly with a higher absorption at 1670 cm-1 for foams from acid-derived liquefaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Dulyanska
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (Y.D.); (B.E.); (R.G.); (I.D.)
| | - Luísa Cruz-Lopes
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (Y.D.); (B.E.); (R.G.); (I.D.)
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Bruno Esteves
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (Y.D.); (B.E.); (R.G.); (I.D.)
- Department of Wood Engineering, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Raquel Guiné
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (Y.D.); (B.E.); (R.G.); (I.D.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Idalina Domingos
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (Y.D.); (B.E.); (R.G.); (I.D.)
- Department of Wood Engineering, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
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2
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Preventing the Collapse Behavior of Polyurethane Foams with the Addition of Cellulose Nanofiber. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061499. [PMID: 36987278 PMCID: PMC10058122 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane foam manufacturing depends on its materials and processes. A polyol that contains primary alcohol is very reactive with isocyanate. Sometimes, this may cause unexpected problems. In this study, a semi-rigid polyurethane foam was fabricated; however, its collapse occurred. The cellulose nanofiber was fabricated to solve this problem, and a weight ratio of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 3% (based on total parts per weight of polyols) of the nanofiber was added to the polyurethane foams. The effect of the cellulose nanofiber on the polyurethane foams’ rheological, chemical, morphological, thermal, and anti-collapse performances was analyzed. The rheological analysis showed that 3 wt% of the cellulose nanofiber was unsuitable because of the aggregation of the filler. It was observed that the addition of the cellulose nanofiber showed the improved hydrogen bonding of the urethane linkage, even if it was not chemically reacted with the isocyanate groups. Moreover, due to the nucleating effect of the cellulose nanofiber, the average cell area of the produced foams decreased according to the amount of the cellulose nanofiber present, and the average cell area especially was reduced about five times when it contained 1 wt% more of the cellulose nanofiber than the neat foam. Although the thermal stability declined slightly, the glass transition temperature shifted from 25.8 °C to 37.6, 38.2, and 40.1 °C by when the cellulose nanofiber increased. Furthermore, the shrinkage ratio after 14 days from the foaming (%shrinkage) of the polyurethane foams decreased 15.4 times for the 1 wt% cellulose nanofiber polyurethane composite.
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Vieira FR, Gama NV, Evtuguin DV, Amorim CO, Amaral VS, Pinto PCOR, Barros-Timmons A. Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams from Kraft Lignin with Improved Fire Resistance. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051074. [PMID: 36904315 PMCID: PMC10005662 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were synthesized using exclusively lignin-based polyol (LBP) obtained via the oxyalkylation of kraft lignin with propylene carbonate (PC). Using the design of experiments methodology combined with statistical analysis, the formulations were optimized to obtain a bio-based RPUF with low thermal conductivity and low apparent density to be used as a lightweight insulating material. The thermo-mechanical properties of the ensuing foams were compared with those of a commercial RPUF and a RPUF (RPUF-conv) produced using a conventional polyol. The bio-based RPUF obtained using the optimized formulation exhibited low thermal conductivity (0.0289 W/m·K), low density (33.2 kg/m3), and reasonable cell morphology. Although the bio-based RPUF has slightly lower thermo-oxidative stability and mechanical properties than RPUF-conv, it is still suitable for thermal insulation applications. In addition, the fire resistance of this bio-based foam has been improved, with its average heat release rate (HRR) reduced by 18.5% and its burn time extended by 25% compared to RPUF-conv. Overall, this bio-based RPUF has shown potential to replace petroleum-based RPUF as an insulating material. This is the first report regarding the use of 100% unpurified LBP obtained via the oxyalkylation of LignoBoost kraft lignin in the production of RPUFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R. Vieira
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.R.V.); (A.B.-T.)
| | - Nuno V. Gama
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos O. Amorim
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vitor S. Amaral
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula C. O. R. Pinto
- RAIZ, Forest and Paper Research Institute, Quinta de S. Francisco, 3801-501 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros-Timmons
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.R.V.); (A.B.-T.)
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4
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Mantha S, Chao H, Ylitalo AS, Fitzgibbons TC, Zhou W, Ginzburg VV, Wang ZG. Surfactant in a Polyol-CO 2 Mixture: Insights from a Classical Density Functional Theory Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:16172-16182. [PMID: 36524704 PMCID: PMC9798868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Silicone-polyether (SPE) surfactants, made of a polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) backbone and polyether branches, are commonly used as additives in the production of polymeric foams with improved properties. A key step in the production of polymeric foams is the nucleation of gas bubbles in the polymer matrix upon supersaturation of dissolved gas. However, the role of SPE surfactants in the nucleation of gas bubbles is not well understood. In this study, we use classical density functional theory to investigate the effect of an SPE surfactant on the nucleation of CO2 bubbles in a polyol foam formulation. We find that the addition of an SPE surfactant leads to a ∼3-fold decrease in the polyol-CO2 interfacial tension at the surfactant's critical micelle concentration. Additionally, the surfactant is found to reduce the free energy barrier and affect the minimum free energy pathway (MFEP) associated with CO2 bubble nucleation. In the absence of a surfactant, a CO2-rich bubble nucleates from a homogeneous CO2-supersaturated polyol solution by following an MFEP characterized by a single nucleation barrier. Adding a surfactant results in a two-step nucleation process with reduced free energy barriers. The first barrier corresponds to the formation of a spherical aggregate with a liquid-like CO2 core. This spherical aggregate then grows into a CO2-rich bubble (spherical aggregate with a vapor-like CO2 core) of a critical size representing the second barrier. We hypothesize that the stronger affinity of CO2 for PDMS (than polyether) stabilizes the spherical aggregate with the liquid-like CO2 core, leading to a lower free energy barrier for CO2 bubble nucleation. Stabilization of such an aggregate during the early stages of the nucleation may lead to foams with more, smaller bubbles, which can improve their microstrustural features and insulating abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriteja Mantha
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Huikuan Chao
- Dow,
Inc., Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Andrew S. Ylitalo
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - Weijun Zhou
- Dow,
Inc., Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Valeriy V. Ginzburg
- Dow,
Inc., Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
- Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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5
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Gallorini R, Ciuffi B, Real Fernández F, Carozzini C, Ravera E, Papini AM, Rosi L. Subcritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction as a Pretreatment for Enzymatic Degradation of Polyurethane. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37757-37763. [PMID: 36312382 PMCID: PMC9607662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic digestion is a promising alternative in the upconversion of plastic waste compared to traditional chemical recycling methods, because it warrants the use of milder conditions. However, enzymes are hardly able to penetrate the bulk of the plastic material; thus, a pretreatment is necessary to promote the reaction. In this study we investigate hydrothermal liquefaction as a thermal pretreatment of a commercial polyurethane before performing an enzymatic digestion. The feedstock is a rigid polyurethane foam. The structure and chemical composition of the feedstock were analyzed through FTIR analysis and solid-state 13C NMR. The polyurethane was then subjected to hydrothermal liquefaction using either ultrapure water or KOH as a basic catalyst. Enzymatic digestion was then performed on the organic fraction obtained from both experiments using a lipase extracted from Candida rugosa. The LC-MS analysis of the digests shows an increase in some signal intensities due to the degradation of oligomeric fragments. This new way of recycling allows the recovery of important chemicals such as quinolines and 4,4'-methylenedianiline. With this study we demonstrate that hydrothermal liquefaction coupled with enzymatic digestion is a suitable alternative for handling polyurethane waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Gallorini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ciuffi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Feliciana Real Fernández
- CNR
− Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology (PeptLab), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- MoD&LS
Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre
of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Cosimo Carozzini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology (PeptLab), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- MoD&LS
Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre
of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luca Rosi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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6
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Effect of microcrystalline cellulose on the preparation and performance of rigid polyurethane foam. J CELL PLAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x221089434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the effect of microcrystalline cellulose on the reaction kinetics of polyurethane, in this work, the multi-scale microcrystalline cellulose was added to the foaming system of multifunctional polyether and multifunctional MDI polyurethane. While the chemical reaction was carried out, it was found through in situ FTIR combined with in situ rheological analysis that what was different from the usual inorganic fillers, the hydroxyl on the surface of the microcrystalline cellulose could preferentially react with MDI to generate urethane under the action of the catalyst. In the initial 5–6 min of the reaction, the reaction of soft segment chain growth was the main reaction. Then the main reaction quickly converted to the cross-linking reaction, which greatly increased the viscosity of the system. The addition of microcrystalline celluloses accelerated the improvement of the cross-linking degree and viscosity of the system. The higher the surface hydroxyl content of microcrystalline cellulose, the more significant this trend become. In addition, although the amount of microcrystalline cellulose added was different, the ratio of the reaction rate of the isocyanate group with the hydroxyl group and the amine group eventually tended to be constant, which indicated that there was a stable reactivity rate in the gradual addition reaction during the cross-linking reaction. Combined with SEM analysis, it was found that 25–60 μm microcrystalline cellulose with large hydroxyl content could act as a nucleating agent when the addition amount was less than 0.1%, which was beneficial to increase the cell density and reduce the pore size and improved the impact performance of the foam. The microcrystalline cellulose with a length of more than 90 μm continuously penetrated through several cell walls and destroyed integrity of the cell structure, which would consequently reduce the impact strength of the foam. This paper provided theoretical guidance for polyurethane modified by microcrystalline cellulose.
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7
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Dzulkifli MH, Yahya MY, Majid RA. Fire retardancy, thermal, and physico-mechanical properties of semi-rigid water-blown polyurethane foam from palm oil-based polyol. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/02624893211061633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the experimental work undertaken to assess rigid palm oil-based polyurethane (PU) foam. The bio-composite foam was characterized to determine its foaming kinetics and morphology, as well as fire retardancy, thermal, and mechanical responses, which was later compared with its petrochemical-based counterpart. The palm oil-based foam displayed poor fire-retardancy performance based on Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and UL-94 Vertical Combustion Test. Although less char residue was produced, the palm oil-based PU foam exhibited higher onset degradation temperatures, indicating improved thermal stability. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed finer cell sizes for the bio-based foam and a higher fraction of open cell structures, which affected its density and compressive properties. As a conclusion, the palm oil-based PU foam is a viable alternative to be utilized in low load-bearing and thermal environment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Haziq Dzulkifli
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yazid Yahya
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rohah A. Majid
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
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8
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Shin SR, Lee DS. Nanocomposites of Rigid Polyurethane Foam and Graphene Nanoplates Obtained by Exfoliation of Natural Graphite in Polymeric 4,4′-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040685. [PMID: 35215012 PMCID: PMC8876485 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of graphene nanoplates (GNPs) obtained by the ecofriendly exfoliation of natural graphite has been addressed on the mechanical and thermal insulating properties of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). Few-layer GNPs with few defects were prepared in polymeric 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) under ultrasonication to obtain a GNP/pMDI dispersion. GNP/pMDI dispersions with different GNP concentrations were used to prepare RPUF nanocomposites via in situ polymerization. An important finding is that the GNP/pMDI dispersion exhibits lyotropic liquid crystalline behavior. It was found that the unique orientation of GNPs above the concentration of 0.1 wt% in the dispersion affected the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of the RPUF nanocomposites. GNP/RPUF nanocomposites with GNP concentrations at 0.2 wt% or more showed better thermal insulating properties than neat RPUF. The lyotropic liquid crystalline ordering of GNPs provides stable nucleation for bubble formation during foaming and prevents bubble coalescence. This decreases the average cell size and increases the closed cell content, producing GNP/RPUF nanocomposites with low thermal conductivity. Furthermore, GNPs incorporated into RPUF act as a barrier to radiant heat transfer through the cells, which effectively reduces the thermal conductivity of the resulting nanocomposites. It is expected that the nanocomposite of RPUF investigated in this study can be applied practically to improve the performance of thermal insulation foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Shin
- Research Institute, Jung-Woo Fine Corp., Ltd., 63-8, Seogam-ro 1-gil, Iksan 54586, Korea;
| | - Dai-Soo Lee
- Division of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-6660-7693
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9
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Srihanum A, Tuan Noor MTI, Devi KPP, Hoong SS, Ain NH, Mohd NS, Nek Mat Din NSM, Kian YS. Low density rigid polyurethane foam incorporated with renewable polyol as sustainable thermal insulation material. J CELL PLAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x211062630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Palm olein-based polyol (PP) was used as a partial replacement for commercial sucrose/glycerine initiated polyether polyol (GP) for the production of low density rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). The hydroxyl value (OHV) of the GP was 380 mg KOH/g, whereas the OHV for PP was 360 mg KOH/g. The RPUFs were prepared by replacing the GP with PP up to 50 parts per hundred parts of polyols (pph). Characterisation of the RPUFs, including density, compressive strength and strain, cell morphology and thermal conductivity ( k-value), were conducted. The dimensional stability of the foams was also evaluated. The study showed improvement in the compressive strength and strain for palm-based RPUFs with the incorporation of up to 30 pph PP as compared to GP foams. The lowest k-value (0.0232 W/m.K) of RPUF with density below 30 kg/m3 was obtained with the incorporation of 10 pph PP. This was due to the smallest and uniform pore size distribution observed using SEM images. The dimensional stability of the RPUF prepared from PP was within the acceptable range. Thus, the RPUFs made from PP are potential candidates to be used as insulation for refrigerators, freezers and piping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Srihanum
- Synthesis and Products Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Maznee TI Tuan Noor
- Synthesis and Products Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Kosheela PP Devi
- Synthesis and Products Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Seng Soi Hoong
- Synthesis and Products Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul H Ain
- Synthesis and Products Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Norhisham S Mohd
- Synthesis and Products Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Nik Siti Mariam Nek Mat Din
- Synthesis and Products Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Shoot Kian
- Synthesis and Products Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
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10
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One-step synthesis and characteristics of LiOH-castor oil based stable polyurethane foam. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Yu T, Jiang F, Cui X, Cao M, Guo C, Wang Z, Chang Y. Properties and mechanism of a novel metallic‐hollow‐spheres/polyurethane acoustic composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianmiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Fengchun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Xu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Mengxin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Chunhuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Yunpeng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
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12
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Brondi C, Maio ED, Bertucelli L, Parenti V, Mosciatti T. The effect of organofluorine additives on the morphology, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams. J CELL PLAST 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x20987152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of liquid-type organofluorine additives (OFAs) on the morphology, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane (PU) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams. Foams were characterized in terms of their morphology (density, average cell size, anisotropy ratio, open cell content), thermal conductivity and compressive as well as flexural properties. Based on the results, we observed that OFAs efficiently reduced the average cell size of both PU and PIR foams, leading to improved thermal insulating and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Brondi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vanni Parenti
- DOW Italia s.r.l, Polyurethanes R&D, Correggio, Italy
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13
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Ren XH, Sun GH, Wang LC, Chen RR, Wang J, Han SH. Facile Adjusting for Cells of Lightweight Isocyanate-based Polyimide Foam and Operable Combination between Different Distinctive Acoustic Foams for Higher Performance. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Brondi C, Di Caprio MR, Di Maio E, Mosciatti T, Cavalca S, Parenti V, Iannace S. Microcellular Thermosetting Polyurethane Foams. INT POLYM PROC 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Thermosetting polyurethane foams are nowadays produced with typical bubble size, d > 150 μm, with plenty of room for improvement towards the cellular structure refinement, to gain, among others, in the thermal insulation performances. We herein report a first example of a microcellular thermosetting polyurethane foam, i. e. with bubble size below 5 μm, produced via the gas foaming technology. In particular, high-pressure CO2, N2 and their mixtures were utilized as blowing agents: solubilized separately into the polymer precursors, they were brought into a supersaturated state by a pressure reduction to induce the bubble nucleation and growth. To achieve microcellular foams, we made use of a novel two-stage pressure reduction program, concurrent to the polymer curing. The first stage is a pressure quench O (10–2 s) from the saturation pressure to an intermediate pressure to induce the nucleation of a large amount of dense bubbles. The second stage is a slow O (102 s) further pressure decrease to ambient pressure, allowing for a slow bubble growth, designed to reach ambient pressure exactly when the curing reached completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Brondi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica , dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Naples , Italy
| | - M. R. Di Caprio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica , dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Naples , Italy
| | - E. Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica , dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Naples , Italy
| | - T. Mosciatti
- Dow Italia s.r.l , Polyurethanes R&D, Correggio , Italy
| | - S. Cavalca
- Dow Italia s.r.l , Polyurethanes R&D, Correggio , Italy
| | - V. Parenti
- Dow Italia s.r.l , Polyurethanes R&D, Correggio , Italy
| | - S. Iannace
- Institute for Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Portici (NA) , Italy
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15
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Dhaliwal GS, Anandan S, Bose M, Chandrashekhara K, Nam P. Effects of surfactants on mechanical and thermal properties of soy-based polyurethane foams. J CELL PLAST 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x20912200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane foams are widely used for insulation applications due to their high insulation properties as compared to conventional materials such as extruded polystyrene foam and mineral wool. In this study, soy-based polyurethane foams were prepared using five different surfactants while keeping other components such as soy-based polyol, diisocyanate, catalyst, and blowing agent (water) constant. Prepared samples were tested for mechanical and thermal properties to evaluate the effect of different surfactants used in varying quantities. The morphology of the foam samples was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Seventeen fold reduction in the cell size was observed with an increase in the amount of surfactant from 0.5 to 5.0 g. Samples with higher amounts of surfactant also exhibited a higher number of closed cells. Better thermal insulation was observed for samples with 2.0 and 5.0 g of surfactant as compared to samples with 0.5 g of surfactant. A similar trend was observed in the mechanical strength, moisture absorbance, and density of the fabricated foam samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjot S Dhaliwal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Sudharshan Anandan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Mousumi Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - K Chandrashekhara
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | - Paul Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
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16
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Zhou W, Hao SJ, Feng GD, Jia PY, Ren XL, Zhang M, Zhou YH. Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Modified by Tung Oil-Based Polyol and Flame-Retardant Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E119. [PMID: 31948034 PMCID: PMC7023429 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tung oil is renewable, with an abundant production and low price in China, and it is used to synthesize different polyols for rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), it remains a challenge to improve the properties of RPUF by redesigning the formula. Therefore, we propose four novel compounds to strengthen the properties of RPUF, such as the catalyst-free synthesis of tung oil-based polyol (PTOK), aluminum phosphate micro-capsule (AM), silica micro-capsule (SiM), and grafted epoxidized monoglyceride of tung oil on the surface of SiO2 (SiE), which were designed and introduced into the RPUF. Because of the PTOK with a catalytic function, the foaming process of some RPUF samples was catalyst-free. The results show that the incorporation of AM, SiM, and SiE, respectively, endow RPUF with a better thermal stability at a high temperature, and the T5%, Tmax1, and Tmax2 of RPUF appeared to be reduced, however, the Tmax3 and residue rate at 800 °C were improved, which may have a positive effect on the extension of the rescue time in case of fire, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was increased to 22.6%. The formula, containing 25% PTOK made the RPUF environment-friendly. The results were obtained by comparing the pore size and mechanical properties of the RPUF-the AM had a better dispersion in the foam, and the foam obtained a better mechanical, thermal, and flame retardancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China; (W.Z.); (Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Shu-Jie Hao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China; (W.Z.); (Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Guo-Dong Feng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Pu-You Jia
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiao-Li Ren
- Key Lab of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China; (W.Z.); (Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Yong-Hong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China; (W.Z.); (Y.-H.Z.)
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17
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Singh I, Samal SK, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Recent Advancement in Plant Oil Derived Polyol‐Based Polyurethane Foam for Future Perspective: A Review. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajeet Singh
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP) – LARPMCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET) – IPT B/25, CNI Complex, Patia Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
| | - Sushanta K. Samal
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP) – LARPMCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET) – IPT B/25, CNI Complex, Patia Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP) – LARPMCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET) – IPT B/25, CNI Complex, Patia Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
| | - Sanjay K. Nayak
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP) – LARPMCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET) – IPT B/25, CNI Complex, Patia Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
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18
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Fabrication of novel formulations from rigid polyurethane foams and mortar for potential applications in building industry. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Pukale DD, Bansode AS, Jadhav NL, Pinjari DV, Kulkarni RR. Review on Silicone Surfactants: Silicone-based Gemini Surfactants, Physicochemical Properties and Applications. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The increasing use of silicone polymers has attracted the interest of many researchers and manufacturers for the past three decades. The silicone surfactants have excellent surface properties, of which the wetting and spreading ability is particularly noteworthy. So silicone surfactants are used in various fields, starting with textiles to agriculture. Because of this particular wetting and spreading property, silicone surfactants will be used together with conventional surfactants to achieve the desired throughput. In this paper we describe in detail the origin of silicone surfactants and various silicone surfactant compounds, as well as their physicochemical properties. We also handle various applications of silicone surfactants in agriculture, textile manufacturing, personal care and cosmetics, polyurethane foam, metal extraction, foam floatation and other industrial applications. However, the main focus is on the latest syntheses, developments and applications of newly developed tailor-made molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak D. Pukale
- Oils , Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai (India)
| | - Archana S. Bansode
- Textile and Fibre Technology and Engineering Department , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai (India)
| | - Nilesh L. Jadhav
- Chemical Engineering Department , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai (India)
| | - Dipak V. Pinjari
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology , University of Mumbai, Vidya Nagati, Kalima, Santacruz East, Mumbai Maharashtra, 400 098 , India
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20
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Shin S, Kim H, Liang J, Lee S, Lee D. Sustainable rigid polyurethane foams based on recycled polyols from chemical recycling of waste polyurethane foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Se‐Ra Shin
- Division of Semiconductor and Chemical EngineeringChonbuk National University Baekjedaero 567, Deokjin‐gu, Jeonju 54896 Korea
| | - Han‐Na Kim
- Division of Semiconductor and Chemical EngineeringChonbuk National University Baekjedaero 567, Deokjin‐gu, Jeonju 54896 Korea
| | - Jing‐Yu Liang
- Division of Semiconductor and Chemical EngineeringChonbuk National University Baekjedaero 567, Deokjin‐gu, Jeonju 54896 Korea
| | - Sang‐Hyub Lee
- Division of Semiconductor and Chemical EngineeringChonbuk National University Baekjedaero 567, Deokjin‐gu, Jeonju 54896 Korea
| | - Dai‐Soo Lee
- Division of Semiconductor and Chemical EngineeringChonbuk National University Baekjedaero 567, Deokjin‐gu, Jeonju 54896 Korea
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21
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Choe H, Choi Y, Kim JH. Threshold cell diameter for high thermal insulation of water-blown rigid polyurethane foams. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Chemical Recycling of Used Printed Circuit Board Scraps: Recovery and Utilization of Organic Products. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The disposal of end-of-life printed circuit boards (PCBs) comprising cross-linked brominated epoxy resins, glass fiber, and metals has attracted considerable attention from the environmental aspect. In this study, valuable resources, especially organic material, were recovered by the effective chemical recycling of PCBs. Pulverized PCB was depolymerized by glycolysis using polyethylene glycol (PEG 200) with a molecular weight of 200 g/mol under basic conditions. The cross-linked epoxy resins were effectively decomposed into a low-molecular species by glycolysis with PEG 200, followed by the effective separation of the metals and glass fibers from organic materials. The organic material was modified into recycled polyol with an appropriate viscosity and a hydroxyl value for rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) by the Mannich reaction and the addition polymerization of propylene oxide. RPUFs prepared using the recycled polyol exhibited superior thermal and mechanical properties as well as thermal insulation properties compared to conventional RPUFs, indicating that the recycled polyol obtained from the used PCBs can be valuable as RPUF raw materials for heat insulation.
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23
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Evaluation of the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of water blown polyurethane rigid foams reinforced with carbon nanofibers. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Chen CP, Lu F, Tong QX. Three tetrasiloxane-tailed cationic gemini surfactants: The effect of different spacer rigidity on surface properties and aggregation behaviors. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Santiago-Calvo M, Tirado-Mediavilla J, Ruiz-Herrero JL, Rodríguez-Pérez MÁ, Villafañe F. The effects of functional nanofillers on the reaction kinetics, microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of water blown rigid polyurethane foams. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Yang H, Song L, Hu Y, Yuen RKK. Diphase flame-retardant effect of ammonium polyphosphate and dimethyl methyl phosphonate on polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foam. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Chongqing University; 83 Shabeijie, Shapingba Chongqing 400045 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control; Chongqing University; 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Richard K. K. Yuen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong
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27
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Furtwengler P, Avérous L. Renewable polyols for advanced polyurethane foams from diverse biomass resources. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of renewable polyols, used for making polyurethane foams, from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM
- UMR CNRS 7515
- Université de Strasbourg
- Cedex 2
- France
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28
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Investigation of foaming cell development for epoxy resin with blowing and curing agent by rheological properties. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Kabakci E, Sayer G, Suvaci E, Uysal O, Güler İ, Kaya M. Processing-structure-property relationship in rigid polyurethane foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kabakci
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Anadolu University; Iki Eylul Campus Eskisehir 26480 Turkey
| | - Göksin Sayer
- Arçelik Refrigerator Plant and Development Centre; Eskisehir 26480 Turkey
| | - Ender Suvaci
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Anadolu University; Iki Eylul Campus Eskisehir 26480 Turkey
| | - Oktay Uysal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Anadolu University; Iki Eylul Campus Eskisehir 26480 Turkey
- Entekno Materials Ltd. Co.; Eskisehir 26470 Turkey
| | - İhsan Güler
- Arçelik Refrigerator Plant and Development Centre; Eskisehir 26480 Turkey
| | - Metin Kaya
- Arçelik Refrigerator Plant and Development Centre; Eskisehir 26480 Turkey
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30
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Baferani AH, Keshavarz R, Asadi M, Ohadi AR. Effects of Silicone Surfactant on the Properties of Open-Cell Flexible Polyurethane Foams. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Hasani Baferani
- Acoustics Research Lab; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran 15914 Iran
| | - R. Keshavarz
- Acoustics Research Lab; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran 15914 Iran
| | - M. Asadi
- Acoustics Research Lab; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran 15914 Iran
| | - A. R. Ohadi
- Acoustics Research Lab; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran 15914 Iran
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31
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Bio-Based Polyols from Seed Oils for Water-Blown Rigid Polyurethane Foam Preparation. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/4909857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of water-blown rigid polyurethane (RPUR) foams using bio-based polyols from sesame seed oil and pumpkin seed oil has been reported. Polyols synthesis involved two steps, namely, hydroxylation and alcoholysis reaction. FTIR, NMR, and ESI-MS were used to monitor the process of the synthesized polyols and their physicochemical properties were determined. The resulting polyols have OH number in the range of 340–351 mg KOH/g. RPUR foams blown with water were produced from the reaction of biopolyols with commercial polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI). The proper PUR formulations can be manipulated to produce the desired material applications. These seed oil-based RPUR foams exhibited relatively high compressive strength (237.7–240.2 kPa) with the density in the range of 40–45 kg/m3. Additionally, the cell foam morphology investigated by scanning electron microscope indicated that their cellular structure presented mostly polygonal closed cells. The experimental results demonstrate that these bio-based polyols can be used as an alternative starting material for RPUR production.
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32
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Hu X, Cheng W, Li C, Wang G, Lin X, Liu Z. Effects of surfactants on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and flame resistance of phenol–urea–formaldehyde foam. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Effect of a marine bacterial biofilm on adhesion and retention of pseudo barnacle to silicone coating surface. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Zhang Y, Shang J, Lv F, Chu PK. Synthesis and characterization of novel organosilicon-modified polyurethane. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Kim YH, Kang MJ, Park GP, Park SD, Kim SB, Kim WN. Effects of liquid-type silane additives and organoclay on the morphology and thermal conductivity of rigid polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Lee J, Kim GH, Ha CS. Sound absorption properties of polyurethane/nano-silica nanocomposite foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Effects of nucleating agents on the morphological, mechanical and thermal insulating properties of rigid polyurethane poams. Macromol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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