Effective separation and simultaneous detection of gatifloxacin, aminomethylbenzoic acid, cefazolin and cefminox in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis

Recent advances in CE analysis of antibiotics and its use as chiral selectors

Antibiotics are a class of therapeutic molecules widely employed in both human and veterinary medicine. This article reviews the most recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by CE in pharmaceutical, environmental, food, and biomedical fields. Emphasis is placed on the strategies to increase sensitivity as diverse off-line, in-line, and on-line preconcentration approaches and the use of different detection systems. The use of CE in the microchip format for the analysis of antibiotics is also reviewed in this article. Moreover, since the use of antibiotics as chiral selectors in CE has grown in the last years, a new section devoted to this aspect has been included. This review constitutes an update of previous published reviews and covers the literature published from June 2011 until June 2013.

Simultaneous determination of the combined drugs of ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography

AIM

To develop a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of the combined drugs (ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin) in human urine.

METHODS

Ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were separated on a Kromasil 100-5 C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, AKZO NOBEL, Bohus, Sweden) analytical column, using the mobile phase consisted of 1.5 mM KH(2) PO(4) (pH 4.5) with 0.0125% triethylamine-methnol (70:30, v/v). Ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were detected by a photodiode-array detector at 247, 320, 292 nm, respectively.

RESULTS

Under optimal conditions, the effective separation of ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin was achieved. A good linearity with the correlation coefficients more than 0.999 was demonstrated. The detection limits of ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were 0.05, 0.01, and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively, and the average recoveries in human urine were in the range from 97.73 to 100.7% with the average relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 2.5% and 3.0%.

CONCLUSION

The proposed method was sensitive, accurate, and rapid. This work may provide a reference for clinical rational drug use and methodology for the pharmacokinetics study of the combined drugs.