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Iida N, Ono J, Mizuhara Y, Narumoto J. The subjective assessment of work and social adjustment impairments and associated psychopathologies in Japanese adult female patients with anorexia nervosa. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 2:e151. [PMID: 38868735 PMCID: PMC11114435 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) sometimes undergo a chronic course, and they hardly maintain social participation. Work and social adjustment impairments are generally significantly associated with the clinical symptoms of eating disorders. Psychopathologies associated with the subjective social difficulties of patients with AN have been unclear. This study examined the association between AN psychopathologies and work and social adjustment impairments in adult female patients with AN. Methods This study included 36 Japanese adult female patients with AN who completed the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess correlations between WSAS and EDI-2 or demographic variables. Results The mean age was 31.8 years, the mean current body mass index was 13.4 kg/m2, and the median illness duration was 5 years. Patients demonstrated social difficulties, especially in social leisure activities. The total WSAS scores were significantly correlated with EDI-2 "impulse regulation" and "asceticism." WSAS "social leisure" was significantly correlated with EDI-2 "bulimia," "interoceptive awareness," "impulse regulation," and "asceticism." Conclusion Psychopathologies, such as impulse regulation, asceticism, and interoceptive awareness, may be related factors to social difficulties. Emotion regulation, such as impulse regulation and emotional awareness, could be an important realm of treatment not only for psychopathology but also for social functioning in patients with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Iida
- Department of PsychiatryKyoto Prefectural University ofKyotoJapan
| | - Junko Ono
- Department of PsychiatryKyoto Prefectural University ofKyotoJapan
- Kyoto Prefectural Comprehensive Mental Health and Welfare CenterKyotoJapan
| | - Yuki Mizuhara
- Department of PsychiatryKyoto Prefectural University ofKyotoJapan
- Department of Child PsychiatryKyoto Prefectural Child Development Support CenterKyotoJapan
| | - Jin Narumoto
- Department of PsychiatryKyoto Prefectural University ofKyotoJapan
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Bernabéu-Brotóns E, Marchena-Giráldez C. Emotional Eating and Perfectionism as Predictors of Symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder: The Role of Perfectionism as a Mediator between Emotional Eating and Body Mass Index. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163361. [PMID: 36014866 PMCID: PMC9415756 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Perfectionism has been linked to eating disorders and might be a risk factor for the appearance of eating pathologies. The aims of this study are (a) to verify the relationship between perfectionism, emotional eating (EE), binge eating (BE), and body mass index (BMI); (b) to identify the variables that predict BE symptoms and BMI; (c) to study the role of perfectionism as a mediator between EE and BMI. (2) Methods: 312 adult participants answered a cross-sectional survey that included the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), the Binge Eating Scale (BES), and a sociodemographic questionnaire including BMI. (3) Results: The results suggest a direct correlation between EE, BE, and BMI, showing that EE is a powerful predictor of BE symptoms and BMI. Furthermore, two dimensions of perfectionism have a mediator role between EE and BMI, specifically doubts and actions and concern over mistakes: the presence of these two components of perfectionism reverses the relationship between EE and BMI. (4) Conclusions: These results have significant implications for the understanding of the two different (pathological) eating patterns: intake restriction and overeating and should be considered in intervention programs.
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Murayama Y, Ohya A. A cross-sectional examination of the simultaneous association of four emotion regulation strategies with abnormal eating behaviours among women in Japan. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:122. [PMID: 34583776 PMCID: PMC8480045 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has suggested an association between emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) and abnormal eating behaviours/attitudes (AEB), and many studies have examined the association of one particular ERS with AEB. Additionally, different ERSs are reported to be strongly correlated with each other. Therefore, the associations between an individual ERS and AEB, reported previously, may be spurious. The present cross-sectional study aims to examine the simultaneous associations of four ERSs (brooding, reflection, expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal) with AEB in a sample of women in Japan. METHODS The participants comprised 1528 Japanese women (Mage = 40.65 years, SDage = 10.22 years, range 21-59). They self-reported the frequency at which they use these ERSs, their levels of AEB (i.e. drive for thinness, bulimic symptoms), and the confounding variables (e.g. psychological distress and BMI) online. AEB was measured using the Japanese version of the 91-item Eating Disorder Inventory; brooding and reflection were measured using the Japanese version of the Rumination Response Scale; individual differences in the use of reappraisal and expression suppression was measured using the Japanese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (J-ERQ); and participants' psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6 Japanese version (K6-J). RESULTS Correlation analyses revealed that all ERSs were positively correlated with AEB. However, regression analyses revealed inconsistent findings. In the regression model, after controlling for the confounding variables, only brooding indicated a positive association with the drive for thinness. Regarding bulimic symptoms, all ERSs showed a positive association, except reappraisal, which had a weak, negative association. CONCLUSION These results suggest that brooding is related to the symptom levels of both eating disorders among women, whereas, the other ERSs are related to those of bulimic symptoms only. However, further research is required to clarify the causal relations between AEB and ERSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Murayama
- Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 921-1192, Japan.
| | - Aiko Ohya
- Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara, Miyakodani, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
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Otani M, Hiraide M, Horie T, Mitsui T, Yoshida T, Takamiya S, Sakuta R, Usami M, Komaki G, Yoshiuchi K. Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire and psychopathology in Japanese patients with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:203-211. [PMID: 33368571 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is one of the most widely used tools to assess the core psychopathology of eating disorders (ED). However, recent empirical findings did not support the original four-factor structure. The aims of the present study were to investigate the factor structure of the EDE-Q in Japanese ED patients, to test the reliability and convergent validity of the EDE-Q, to examine group differences between various ED groups and healthy participants, and to explore the main behavioral features of Japanese ED patients using the newly developed Japanese version of EDE-Q. METHOD A total of 148 ED patients and 469 healthy participants completed the EDE-Q, Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2). The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the EDE-Q were assessed in ED patients. Group differences were assessed using the new Japanese version of the EDE-Q (EDE-Q-J). RESULTS The EDE-Q-J had three factors. Cronbach's alphas ranged from 0.83 to 0.93. Total score and subscale scores of "Dieting" and "Bulimia and Food Preoccupation" of EAT-26 and of "Drive for Thinness," "Body Dissatisfaction," and "Bulimia" of EDI-2 correlated with the global score and three subscale scores of the EDE-Q-J. DISCUSSION For Japanese female ED patients, the EDE-Q-J had three subscales that were not consistent with the original subscales, but were interpretable. It demonstrated sufficient reliability and validity. Japanese female patients with restricting-type anorexia nervosa (AN-R) displayed less dissatisfaction with shape and weight than healthy participants. AN-R patients in Japan might present with a non-fat-phobic symptom profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Otani
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Hiraide
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Horie
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Mitsui
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Development and Education, Kobe Shinwa Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yoshida
- School of Medical Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Takamiya
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Takamiya Psychiatry Clinic, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sakuta
- Child Development and Psychosomatic Medicine Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahide Usami
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gen Komaki
- Faculty of Medical Science, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Are perfectionism dimensions risk factors for bulimic symptoms? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Translation and Evaluation of the Reliability and Validity of Eating Disorder Inventory -3 Questionnaire Among Iranian University Students. Asian J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Larsson E, Lloyd S, Westwood H, Tchanturia K. Patients’ perspective of a group intervention for perfectionism in anorexia nervosa: A qualitative study. J Health Psychol 2016; 23:1521-1532. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105316660183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the experiences of adults with anorexia nervosa who took part in a perfectionism group intervention in an inpatient setting. Thematic analysis was used to explore patient feedback collected in focus groups. Patient feedback was generally positive and centred around three main themes: perceived benefits of the group, the content of the group and suggested improvements. The findings suggest that a brief perfectionism group intervention is an acceptable treatment with a range of perceived benefits for patients with severe anorexia nervosa. Understanding patients’ experiences of the intervention can provide further important information to maximise therapeutic impact of the group in inpatient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kate Tchanturia
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Ilia State University, Georgia
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8
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Tamura A, Minami K, Tsuda Y, Yoshikawa N. Total parenteral nutrition treatment efficacy in adolescent eating disorders. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:947-53. [PMID: 26016952 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of adolescent patients with severe eating disorders who refuse treatment for weight loss is complicated. Nutritional rehabilitation is most important during the growth period; thus, strong support in the form of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as soon as possible is necessary in severe cases. No studies involving detailed, long-term follow up have evaluated biochemical markers and gonadotropin in patients undergoing TPN treatment. METHODS Twenty-five adolescent female patients admitted to hospital received TPN immediately, and biochemical marker and gonadotropin levels were measured and analyzed. If subsequent weight gain was observed, TPN treatment was gradually reduced and stopped. RESULTS No patients dropped out of the study. A significant increase in weight was observed during hospitalization (average, 8.0 kg). Under this treatment, serum total bilirubin was significantly decreased at 3 months, total cholesterol was significantly decreased at 2 months, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly increased at 3 and 6 months. Follicle-stimulating hormone response significantly preceded both luteinizing hormone response and appetite recovery. After this treatment, nine of the 25 patients were readmitted for recurrence of appetite loss. Two patients required additional TPN treatment, but seven immediately recovered their appetite after hospitalization without TPN treatment. Bodyweight gain per day was significantly lower and ALP on admission was significantly higher in patients with than without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Most patients had a remarkable recovery of appetite without refusal behaviors and without evidence of malnutrition after admission. Nutrition maintenance with TPN support is particularly important during the growth period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Koichi Minami
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuuko Tsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Nakai Y, Nin K, Fukushima M, Nakamura K, Noma S, Teramukai S, Taniguchi A, Wonderlich S. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q): Norms for Undergraduate Japanese Women. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2014; 22:439-42. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuko Nin
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Mitsuo Fukushima
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Internal Medicine; Okayama Prefectural University; Okayama Japan
| | - Konoyu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Psychology; Otemon Gakuin University; Osaka Japan
| | - Shunichi Noma
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Satoshi Teramukai
- Innovative Clinical Research Center; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | | | - Stephen Wonderlich
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Fargo ND USA
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Perfecting Weight Restriction: The Moderating Influence of Body Dissatisfaction on the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Weight Control Practices. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the moderating effect of body dissatisfaction (BD) on the relationship between perfectionism and weight restricting and control behaviours (WRCBs). A sample of 167 female undergraduates completed self-report measures of perfectionism, BD and WRCBs. BD was not found to moderate the relationship between either perfectionism and dieting, or perfectionism and exercise. Instead, BD uniquely predicted both dieting and exercise, as did the perfectionism dimensions of self-oriented perfectionism, concern over mistakes, parental standards, and organisation. BD moderated the relationship between perfectionism and purging for analyses involving self-oriented perfectionism, concern over mistakes, and doubts about actions, such that there was a significant positive association between perfectionism and purging when BD was high but not low. Perfectionism and BD are important in different ways to WRCBs. The importance of measuring multiple dimensions of perfectionism and differentiating between the various types of WRCBs is highlighted.
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11
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Katayama H, Kohmura K, Tanaka S, Imaeda M, Kawano N, Noda Y, Nishioka K, Ando M, Aleksic B, Iidaka T, Ozaki N. Social insecurity in relation to orbitofrontal activity in patients with eating disorders: a near-infrared spectroscopy study. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:173. [PMID: 24924100 PMCID: PMC4067083 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neuroimaging techniques are widely used to elucidate changes in brain activity, and various questionnaires are used to investigate psychopathological features in patients with eating disorders (ED). It is well known that social skills and interpersonal difficulties are strongly associated with the psychopathology of patients with ED. However, few studies have examined the association between brain activity and social relationships in patients with ED, particularly in patients with extremely low body weight. METHODS In this study, 22-channel near-infrared spectroscopy was used to quantify regional hemodynamic changes during a letter fluency task (LFT) in 20 female patients with ED with a mean body mass index of 14.0 kg/m(2) and 31 female controls (CTLs). Symptoms were assessed using the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and Beck Depression Inventory. We hypothesized that frontal activity in patients with ED would be lower than in CTLs and would show different correlations with psychopathological features compared with CTLs. RESULTS The LFT performance and score on the social insecurity subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 were significantly higher in the ED group than in the CTL group. The mean change in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in bilateral frontal regions during the LFT was significantly smaller in the ED group than in the CTL group. Social insecurity score was positively correlated with the concentration of oxy-Hb in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex in the ED group but not in the CTL group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that activity of the orbitofrontal cortex is associated with social insecurity and disturbed in patients with ED. Therefore, disturbed orbitofrontal cortex activity may underlie the lack of insight and social isolation that is characteristic of patients with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Katayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kohmura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 466-8550, Japan
| | - Miho Imaeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoko Kawano
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Noda
- Division of Clinical Science and Neuropsychopharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 468-8503, Japan
- The Academic Frontier Project for Private Universities, Comparative Cognitive Science Institutes, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 468-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nishioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 466-8550, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iidaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 466-8550, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken 466-8550, Japan
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Nakai Y, Nin K, Teramukai S, Taniguchi A, Fukushima M, Wonderlich SA. Typical and atypical anorexia nervosa in a Japanese sample. Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:130-7. [PMID: 24488836 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the existence of nonfat-phobic anorexia nervosa (NFP-AN) and fat-phobic AN, with no evidence of distortions related to body shape and weight (AN-NED), in a Japanese sample and studied eating disorder pathology and psychopathology in NFP-AN and AN-NED. METHOD The study participants were 200 (52.2%) women with typical AN, 86 (22.5%) women with NFP-AN, and 97 (25.3%) women with AN-NED. Diagnosis of the three types of AN was made by structured clinical interviews. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) were administered to all the participants. RESULTS There were significant differences among the three groups in terms of duration of illness, maximum and minimum BMIs and AN subtypes. There was no transition from the NFP-AN and AN-NED groups to the typical AN group during the 2- to 7-year follow-up period. There were significant differences among the three groups in scores of the EAT, the EDI total, and all the subscales of the EDI. DISCUSSION Besides typical AN, there were two types of atypical AN in terms of fat phobia and body image disturbance in this Japanese sample. The findings of the current study suggest that there may be significant differences among the three groups in terms of eating disorder pathology and psychopathology.
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Rutsztein G, Scappatura ML, Murawski B. Perfectionism and low self- esteem across the continuum of eating disorders in adolescent girls from Buenos Aires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2007-1523(14)70375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gleaves DH, Pearson CA, Ambwani S, Morey LC. Measuring eating disorder attitudes and behaviors: a reliability generalization study. J Eat Disord 2014; 2:6. [PMID: 24764530 PMCID: PMC3984738 DOI: 10.1186/2050-2974-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although score reliability is a sample-dependent characteristic, researchers often only report reliability estimates from previous studies as justification for employing particular questionnaires in their research. The present study followed reliability generalization procedures to determine the mean score reliability of the Eating Disorder Inventory and its most commonly employed subscales (Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, and Body Dissatisfaction) and the Eating Attitudes Test as a way to better identify those characteristics that might impact score reliability. METHODS Published studies that used these measures were coded based on their reporting of reliability information and additional study characteristics that might influence score reliability. RESULTS Score reliability estimates were included in 26.15% of studies using the EDI and 36.28% of studies using the EAT. Mean Cronbach's alphas for the EDI (total score = .91; subscales = .75 to .89), EAT-40 (total score = .81) and EAT-26 (total score = .86; subscales = .56 to .80) suggested variability in estimated internal consistency. Whereas some EDI subscales exhibited higher score reliability in clinical eating disorder samples than in nonclinical samples, other subscales did not exhibit these differences. Score reliability information for the EAT was primarily reported for nonclinical samples, making it difficult to characterize the effect of type of sample on these measures. However, there was a tendency for mean score reliability to be higher in the adult (vs. adolescent) samples and in female (vs. male) samples. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study highlights the importance of assessing and reporting internal consistency during every test administration because reliability is affected by characteristics of the participants being examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Gleaves
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Magill Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Lee JH, Shin MY, Jo HH, Jung YC, Kim JK, Kim KR. Validation of the Korean version of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2: psychometric properties and cross-cultural comparison. Yonsei Med J 2012; 53:1099-106. [PMID: 23074108 PMCID: PMC3481390 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.6.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) in Korean patients with eating disorders and healthy controls, and to investigate cultural differences of EDI-2 between a Korean group and a North American standardization sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Korean version of the EDI-2 was prepared after comprehensive clinical assessment of Korean patients with eating disorders (n=327) as well as female undergraduates (n=176). Results were compared between eating disorder subgroups (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified) and those of a North American standardization sample and healthy controls. RESULTS The results showed that the Korean EDI-2 had adequate internal consistency (0.77-0.93) and discriminated well between patients with eating disorders and healthy controls on all subscales. Significant differences in EDI-2 subscale scores between the eating disorder groups and the healthy control group were observed; however, there was no discernible difference among the eating disorder subgroups. When compared with a North American standardization sample, the Korean control group showed significantly higher scores for drive for thinness and asceticism. When patient groups were compared, the Korean group showed significantly lower scores for perfectionism. CONCLUSION As expected, the results accurately reflected psychometric properties of the Korean version of EDI-2 for eating disorder patients in Korea. These findings also suggest that common characteristics for the eating disorder exist as a whole rather than with significant difference between each subgroup. In addition, significant differences between the Korean and the North American groups for both patients and controls also demonstrated specific cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
- Mind & Mind Eating Disorder Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Shin
- Mind & Mind Eating Disorder Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Hyeon Jo
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
- Severance Mental Health Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Ki Kim
- Mind & Mind Eating Disorder Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Ran Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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The use of students as participants in a study of eating disorders in a developing country: case study in the ethics of mental health research. J Nerv Ment Dis 2012; 200:265-70. [PMID: 22373768 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0b013e318247d262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the ethical analysis of an eating disorder study in which a university-based researcher in South Africa set out to establish the cross-cultural validity of the Eating Disorders Inventory. The following ethical issues are considered in the analysis: study design, social value, study population, risks and benefits, oversight, informed consent, and posttrial obligations. The ethics analysis is based on an adaptation of the structured framework proposed by Emanuel et al. (The Oxford textbook of clinical research ethics; pp. 123-133, 2008) for ethical research in developing countries. The analysis reveals that research that, on superficial analysis, seems to be low risk and noninterventional can result in adverse psychosocial effects and complexities for research participants and researchers alike. The study underlines the need for special ethics scrutiny of mental health-related research proposals involving students as research participants, especially when conducted by their own teachers.
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Validating the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3): A Comparison Between 561 Female Eating Disorders Patients and 878 Females from the General Population. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2010; 33:101-110. [PMID: 21472023 PMCID: PMC3044826 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-010-9207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) is used worldwide in research and clinical work. The 3(rd) version (EDI-3) has been used in recent research, yet without any independent testing of its psychometric properties. The aim of the present study was twofold: 1) to establish national norms and to compare them with the US and international norms, and 2) to examine the factor structure, the internal consistency, the sensitivity and the specificity of subscale scores. Participants were Danish adult female patients (N = 561) from a specialist treatment centre and a control group (N = 878) was women selected from the Danish Civil Registration system. Small but significant differences were found between Danish and international, as well as US norms. Overall, the factor structure was confirmed, the internal consistency of the subscales was satisfactory, the discriminative validity was good, and sensitivity and specificity were excellent. The implications from these results are discussed.
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Bardone-Cone AM, Sturm K, Lawson MA, Robinson DP, Smith R. Perfectionism across stages of recovery from eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:139-48. [PMID: 19308994 PMCID: PMC2820585 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined perfectionism in relation to recovery from eating disorders by comparing different conceptualizations of perfectionism across healthy controls and fully recovered, partially recovered, and active eating disorder cases, where full recovery was defined using physical, behavioral, and psychological indices. METHOD Participants were primarily young adult females; 53 active eating disorder cases, 15 partially recovered cases, 20 fully recovered cases, and 67 healthy controls. Participants completed questionnaires assessing trait perfectionism, perfectionistic self-presentation style, and frequency of perfectionism cognitions, as well as a diagnostic interview to determine lifetime and current eating disorder diagnoses. RESULTS A robust pattern emerged whereby the fully recovered individuals and healthy controls had similar levels of perfectionism that were significantly lower than the perfectionism levels of the partially recovered and active individuals with eating disorder, who were comparable to each other. DISCUSSION These findings have implications for more clearly defining eating disorder recovery and for the role perfectionism may play in achieving full recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Bardone-Cone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,Correspondence to: Anna M. Bardone-Cone, PhD, Department of Psychological Sciences, 210 McAlester Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.
| | - Katrina Sturm
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | | | - Roma Smith
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Clausen L, Rokkedal K, Rosenvinge JH. Validating the eating disorder inventory (EDI-2) in two danish samples: A comparison between female eating disorder patients and females from the general population. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2009; 17:462-7. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nakano K. Perfectionism, self-efficacy, and depression: preliminary analysis of the Japanese version of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised. Psychol Rep 2009; 104:896-908. [PMID: 19708416 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.104.3.896-908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised is a self-report measure of perfectionism. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the scale's Japanese version and its relation to self-efficacy and depression. Japanese university students (N = 249) completed the Japanese version of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised along with the General Self-Efficacy Scale-12 and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Exploratory factor analysis indicated three factors: Discrepancy, High Standards, and Order. Estimates of internal consistency reliability for the three subscales were high. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised in another group of Japanese university students (N = 206) supported the 3-factor structure. Cluster analyses using the three subscales yielded four clusters. In addition to adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionists, and nonperfectionists, identified in previous studies, a normal perfectionists group was identified, with mean scores similar to those of the total sample and depression and self-efficacy scores close to those of nonperfectionists. Adaptive perfectionists, characterized by high scores on High Standards and Order and low scores on Discrepancy, also had higher scores on self-efficacy and lower scores on depression than maladaptive perfectionists and even nonperfectionists. The influence of Japanese culture is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Nakano
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Atomi University, 1-9-6 Nakano, Niiza-shi, Saitama 352-8501, Japan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic analysis of data collected with the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was made. METHOD A literature search identified 94 sources in which the mean values of the EDI or EDI-2 subscales were reported, comprising 310 samples differing by sex, age, diagnosis, language, ethnicity, or some other relevant attribute. The total number of respondents was 43,722, from 25 different countries, having used the EDI in one of the 16 languages (1-94). RESULTS The factorial structure of the aggregate means of the EDI subscales, for both clinical versus nonclinical and Western versus non-Western samples, was almost identical suggesting generalizability across languages and cultures. Non-Western participants scored higher than Western participants on virtually all EDI subscales, both in normal and eating-disordered samples. It was shown that age is a risk factor when someone is already diagnosed with an eating disorder but, in the general population, increasing age reduces the likelihood of being afflicted by eating disorders. DISCUSSION Symptoms of eating disorders are more pronounced in non-Western than in Western samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Podar
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Maïano C, Morin AJS, Monthuy-Blanc J, Garbarino JM, Stephan Y. Eating Disorders Inventory: Assessment of its Construct Validity in a Nonclinical French Sample of Adolescents. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-009-9128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Waldherr K, Favaro A, Santonastaso P, van Strien T, Rathner G. Comparison of the eating disorder inventory (EDI) in the Netherlands, Austria and Italy. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2008; 16:472-9. [PMID: 18613211 DOI: 10.1002/erv.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comparison of scores of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) in non-clinical females aged 15-35 years (total n = 2402) in three European countries with North-South variation. METHODS Participants were high school girls from the Netherlands (n = 642), Austria (n = 544) and Italy (n = 359), and college students from the Netherlands (n = 348), Austria (n = 114) and Italy (n = 395). RESULTS Age-dependent differences of EDI subscale scores were observed. Whereas in Dutch females weight and body shape concerns had a peak between 16 and 19 years, these concerns remained relatively constant in Italy and Austria. The Italian scores were significantly higher than the Dutch scores on almost all EDI subscales whereby effects were small or medium. CONCLUSIONS The scores may be influenced by socio-cultural factors, cultural traits, culture-specific social demands on young adults and differences in maturation between North and South Europe. National norms are necessary for different age, weight and sex groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Waldherr
- Department of Psychological Basic Research, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria.
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Muro-Sans P, Amador-Campos JA, Morgan JF. The SCOFF-c: psychometric properties of the Catalan version in a Spanish adolescent sample. J Psychosom Res 2008; 64:81-6. [PMID: 18158003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to validate the Catalan version of the SCOFF questionnaire with a community sample of adolescents. METHOD This study used a community sample of 954 participants (475 girls and 479 boys; aged between 10.9 and 17.3 years and from the city of Barcelona) and a risk group of 78 participants (35 men and 43 women; derived from the community sample) that have exceeded > or =95 percentile in at least two of the three scales of the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2): Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, and Body Dissatisfaction. RESULTS There were significant differences in total SCOFF scores across gender and school grades. The SCOFF best cutoff point was 2 (sensitivity=73.08%; specificity=77.74%). Concurrent validity with the EDI-2 varied between low and moderate. The reliability of the SCOFF questionnaire was moderate. Exploratory factor analysis of the SCOFF questionnaire showed a two-factor structure for the total sample and for girls, and one factor for boys. CONCLUSION The best cutoff point for this community sample is 2. The data suggest that the SCOFF questionnaire could be a useful screening questionnaire to enable the detection of groups possibly at risk for eating disorders among adolescent Spanish community samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Muro-Sans
- Departament de Personalitat, Avaluació i Tractament Psicològic, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Bardone-Cone AM, Wonderlich SA, Frost RO, Bulik CM, Mitchell JE, Uppala S, Simonich H. Perfectionism and eating disorders: Current status and future directions. Clin Psychol Rev 2007; 27:384-405. [PMID: 17267086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The literature examining the relation between perfectionism and eating disorders was reviewed and content and methodological comparisons were made with the perfectionism literature in anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. A PsychInfo search using the key words "perfectionism/perfect/perfectionistic," "anorexia," "bulimia," and "eating disorders" was performed and the generated list of papers was supplemented based on a review of reference lists in the papers. A total of 55 papers published between 1990 and 2005 were identified that assessed perfectionism among individuals with diagnosed eating disorders. The key research questions were distilled from these publications and empirical findings were summarized for each question, followed by a comparison with perfectionism papers in the anxiety and depressive disorder literatures. Also, key research design methodological parameters were identified and comparisons made across the three literatures: eating disorders, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders. The current review concludes with conceptual and methodological recommendations for researchers interested in perfectionism and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Bardone-Cone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Podar I, Jaanisk M, Allik J, Harro J. Psychological traits and platelet monoamine oxidase activity in eating disorder patients: their relationship and stability. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007; 31:248-53. [PMID: 16901600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-reported behavior and attitudes towards eating [Eating Disorder Inventory-2; Garner DM (1991). Eating Disorder Inventory-2: Professional Manual. Odessa, Fl.: Psychological Assessment Resources; Estonian version Podar I, Hannus A, Allik J (1999). Personality and Affectivity Characteristics Associated With Eating Disorders: a Comparison of Eating Disordered, Weight-Preoccupied, and Normal Samples. J Pers Assess; 73(1), 133-147] and the activity of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) was studied in 11 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), 43 patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) and a healthy control group (n=138). Nineteen patients filled in the EDI-2 questionnaire and donated blood samples three times with three month intervals in order to determine platelet MAO activity. Eating disordered (ED) patients scored higher on all EDI-2 subscales and had lower MAO activity compared to the control group. They also scored higher than the control group on the Neuroticism domain but lower on the Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness domains of the NEO-PI-R questionnaire. The average stability of MAO on different occasions (r=.56) was slightly smaller than the stability of the EDI-2 scores (r=.70). The lack of correlations between personality dispositions and MAO activity indicates that they have independent influence on eating disorders. A possible relationship between neurochemical mechanisms and psychological symptoms of eating disordered behavior is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Podar
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, Tartu 50410, Estonia.
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