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Curry RN, Glasgow SM. The Role of Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Brain Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659055. [PMID: 34012965 PMCID: PMC8127784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to developmental cell signaling pathways and transcriptional cascades have been implicated in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression. Resurgence of aberrant neurodevelopmental programs in the context of brain tumors highlights the numerous parallels that exist between developmental and oncologic mechanisms. A deeper understanding of how dysregulated developmental factors contribute to brain tumor oncogenesis and disease progression will help to identify potential therapeutic targets for these malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current literature concerning developmental signaling cascades and neurodevelopmentally-regulated transcriptional programs. We also examine their respective contributions towards tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression in both pediatric and adult brain tumors and highlight relevant differentiation therapies and putative candidates for prospective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Curry
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX, United States
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stacey M. Glasgow
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Arnli MB, Backer-Grøndahl T, Ytterhus B, Granli US, Lydersen S, Gulati S, Torp SH. Expression and clinical value of EGFR in human meningiomas. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3140. [PMID: 28367377 PMCID: PMC5374971 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors in humans that frequently recur despite having a predominantly benign nature. Even though these tumors have been shown to commonly express EGFR/c-erbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor), results from previous studies are uncertain regarding the expression of either intracellular or extracellular domains, cellular localization, activation state, relations to malignancy grade, and prognosis. Aims This study was designed to investigate the expression of the intracellular and extracellular domains of EGFR and of the activated receptor as well as its ligands EGF and TGFα in a large series of meningiomas with long follow-up data, and investigate if there exists an association between antibody expression and clinical and histological data. Methods A series of 186 meningiomas consecutively operated within a 10-year period was included. Tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemically analyzed with antibodies targeting intracellular and extracellular domains of EGFR, phosphorylated receptor, and EGF and TGFα. Expression levels were recorded as a staining index (SI). Results Positive immunoreactivity was observed for all antibodies in most cases. There was in general high SIs for the intracellular domain of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR, EGF, and TGFα but lower for the extracellular domain. Normal meninges were negative for all antibodies. Higher SIs for the phosphorylated EGFR were observed in grade II tumors compared with grade I (p = 0.018). Survival or recurrence was significantly decreased in the time to recurrence analysis (TTR) with high SI-scores of the extracellular domain in a univariable survival analysis (HR 1.152, CI (1.036–1.280, p = 0.009)). This was not significant in a multivariable analysis. Expression of the other antigens did not affect survival. Conclusion EGFR is overexpressed and in an activated state in human meningiomas. High levels of ligands also support this growth factor receptor system to be involved in meningioma tumorigenesis. EGFR may be a potential candidate for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus B Arnli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Thomas Backer-Grøndahl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Borgny Ytterhus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Unn S Granli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Sasha Gulati
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Sverre H Torp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Wernicke AG, Dicker AP, Whiton M, Ivanidze J, Hyslop T, Hammond EH, Perry A, Andrews DW, Kenyon L. Assessment of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression in human meningioma. Radiat Oncol 2010; 5:46. [PMID: 20509969 PMCID: PMC2890616 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-5-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores whether meningioma expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and determines if there is a correlation between the WHO grade of this tumor and the degree of EGFR expression. METHODS Following institutional review board approval, 113 meningioma specimens from 89 patients were chosen. Of these, 85 were used for final analysis. After a blinded review, immunohistochemical stains for EGFR were performed. Staining intensity (SI) was scored on a scale 0-3 (from no staining to strong staining). Staining percentage of immunoreactive cells (SP) was scored 1-5 (from the least to the maximum percent of the specimen staining). Immunohistochemical score (IHS) was calculated as the product of SI and SP. RESULTS Eighty-five samples of meningioma were classified in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) criteria: benign 57/85 (67%), atypical 23/85 (27%), and malignant 5/85 (6%). The majority of samples demonstrated a moderate SI for EGFR. IHS for EGFR demonstrated a significant association between SI and histopathologic subtype. Also, there was a correlation between the SP and histopathologic subtype (p = 0.029). A significant association was determined when the benign and the atypical samples were compared to the malignant with respect to the SP (p = 0.009). While there was a range of the IHS for the benign and the atypical histologic subtypes, malignant tumors exhibited the lowest score and were statistically different from the benign and the atypical specimens (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this represents the largest series of meningioma samples analyzed for EGFR expression reported in the literature. EGFR expression is greatest in benign meningiomas and may serve a potential target for therapeutic intervention with selective EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gabriella Wernicke
- Department of Stich Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell School of Medicine at Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michal Whiton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jana Ivanidze
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Department of Biostatistics, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Hammond
- Department of Pathology, LDS Hospital, University of Utah School of Medicine, 8th Ave. & C Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84183, USA
| | - Arie Perry
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David W Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Lawrence Kenyon
- Department of Pathology, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Jozwiak J, Grajkowska W, Wlodarski P. Pathogenesis of medulloblastoma and current treatment outlook. Med Res Rev 2008; 27:869-90. [PMID: 17089411 DOI: 10.1002/med.20088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant tumor of the cerebellum in children, with a tendency to metastasize via CSF pathway. Survival rate varies depending on several factors, but is rather favorable, with radiotherapy as the treatment of choice. Irradiation of the craniospinal axis results, however, in severe neuropsychological and psychosocial impairments pertaining to memory, attention, motor functioning, language, and visuospatial abilities. Precise mechanisms underlying the formation of medulloblastoma are still unclear, but implication of at least three signaling molecules is postulated: insulin-like growth factor-I, WNT, and Sonic hedgehog. Thanks to increasing knowledge on the cellular mechanisms contributing to tumor formation, it is possible to propose new therapies that could replace radiotherapy or allow decreasing irradiation doses. The current review presents recent developments in medulloblastoma pathophysiology research and proposed inhibitors that could constitute good candidates for further pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Jozwiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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McCoy E, Sontheimer H. Expression and function of water channels (aquaporins) in migrating malignant astrocytes. Glia 2007; 55:1034-43. [PMID: 17549682 PMCID: PMC2561225 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQP) constitute the principal pathway for water movement across biological membranes. Consequently, their expression and function is important for cell volume regulation. Glioma cells quickly adjust their cell volume in response to osmotic challenges or spontaneously as they invade into the narrow and tortuous extracellular spaces of the brain. These cell volume changes are likely to engage water movements across the cell membrane through AQP. AQP expression in glioma cells is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the expression of AQP in several commonly used human glioma cell lines (D54, D65, STTG1, U87, U251) and in numerous acute patient biopsies by PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry and compared them to nonmalignant astrocytes and normal brain. All glioma patient biopsies expressed AQP1, AQP4 and some expressed AQP5. However, when isolated and grown as cell lines they lose all AQP proteins except a few cell lines that maintain expression of AQP1 (D65, U251, GBM62). Reintroducing either AQP1 or AQP4 stably into glioma cell lines allowed us to show that each AQP is sufficient to restore water permeability. Yet, only the presence of AQP1, but not AQP4, enhanced cell growth and migration, typical properties of gliomas, while AQP4 enhanced cell adhesion suggesting differential biological roles for AQP1 and AQP4 in glioma cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric McCoy
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Smith JS, Lal A, Harmon-Smith M, Bollen AW, McDermott MW. Association between absence of epidermal growth factor receptor immunoreactivity and poor prognosis in patients with atypical meningioma. J Neurosurg 2007; 106:1034-40. [PMID: 17564176 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2007.106.6.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The clinical behavior of meningiomas is variable. Because multiple growth factor receptors have been identified in these tumors, the authors sought to assess the capacity of the expression patterns of a subset of these receptors to stratify meningioma cases. METHODS Eighty-four meningiomas were analyzed, including 36 benign, 29 atypical, and 19 malignant lesions. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-beta, basic fibroblast growth factor receptor (BFGFR), and MIB-1. Survival analyses were performed using follow-up data obtained in patients with newly diagnosed tumors. Immunoreactivity for EGFR was observed in 47% of benign, 48% of atypical, and 42% of malignant tumors. Staining for BFGFR was identified in 89% of benign, 97% of atypical, and 95% of malignant lesions. Immunostaining for PDGFR-beta was evident in all the lesions assessed. Mean MIB-I indices for benign, atypical, and malignant cases were 3.6 (range 0.5-15.3), 8.2 (range 1.5-23.1) and 18.3 (range 1.0-55.8), respectively. Overall mean follow-up duration was 9.0 years (range 5.1-18.8 years). Lack of EGFR immunoreactivity was identified as a strong predictor of shorter overall survival in patients with atypical meningioma (p = 0.003, log-rank test). This association was not evident in cases of benign or malignant meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association between EGFR immunoreactivity and prolonged survival in patients with atypical meningioma. Given the variable behavior of atypical meningiomas, EGFR assessment could improve existing strategies for patient stratification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Smith
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0112, USA.
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Ma L, Gauvillé C, Berthois Y, Degeorges A, Millot G, Martin PM, Calvo F. Role of epidermal-growth-factor receptor in tumor progression in transformed human mammary epithelial cells. Int J Cancer 1998; 78:112-9. [PMID: 9724102 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980925)78:1<112::aid-ijc18>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of epidermal-growth-factor receptors (EGFR) and of its ligands (TGFalpha and amphiregulin) in breast-cancer tissues suggests that they play a paracrine/autocrine role in tumor growth or progression. This hypothesis was tested on 3 cell lines, S2T2, NS2T2A and NS2T2A1. These epithelial cells are derived from a normal human breast-epithelial-cell culture transformed by SV40-T Ag, are of the same clonal origin, have respectively increasing levels of EGFR, TGFalpha, amphiregulin and of thymidine-kinase activity associated with increasing tumorigenic potential in nude mice (tumor intake and tumor volume). The monoclonal antibody MAb 425, which blocks ligands interaction with EGFR, reduced by more than 90% anchorage-independent growth of the most tumorigenic cells, NS2T2A1. Another anti-EGFR MAb, 528, reduced to 25% of controls the mean tumor mass after NS2T2A1 grafting in mice. Anti-sense RNA expression of EGFR in these cells confirmed the importance of this receptor in tumor progression, since it reduced significantly the tumor volume and tumor weight of NS2T2A1 cells to 16% of those in mock-transfected control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ma
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Expérimentale et Clinique, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
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Pallini R, Tancredi A, Casalbore P, Mercanti D, Larocca LM, Consales A, Lauretti L, Fernandez E. Neurofibromatosis type 2: growth stimulation of mixed acoustic schwannoma by concurrent adjacent meningioma: possible role of growth factors. Case report. J Neurosurg 1998; 89:149-54. [PMID: 9647188 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1998.89.1.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The authors report the case of a young man suffering from neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) who harbored bilateral acoustic schwannomas and a parasellar meningioma. Neuroimaging studies performed during a 4-year follow-up period showed that the bilateral schwannomas had grown very little and at similar rates. However, after the meningioma had infiltrated the tentorium and approached the ipsilateral schwannoma at the incisura, both Schwann cell tumors started to grow rapidly, particularly the one adjacent to the meningioma, of which the percentage of annual growth rate increased by approximately a factor of 10(2). At the same time, magnetic resonance imaging showed that this tumor also changed its features. During surgery, the acoustic schwannoma was firmly adherent to both meningioma and tentorium. Histological examination revealed meningotheliomatous cells in the schwannoma adjacent to the meningioma. Antiphosphotyrosine immunoblotting of PC12 cells was compatible with the presence of an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like molecule in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the patient. This factor was not detected in the CSF of five other NF2 patients, two of whom bore associated bilateral acoustic schwannomas and meningioma in remote locations. It is hypothesized that the meningotheliomatous cells infiltrating the schwannoma triggered an autocrine/paracrine growth-stimulatory mechanism that involved an EGF-like factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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Kolibaba KS, Druker BJ. Protein tyrosine kinases and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1333:F217-48. [PMID: 9426205 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-419x(97)00022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K S Kolibaba
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
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Penar PL, Khoshyomn S, Bhushan A, Tritton TR. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor-associated tyrosine kinase blocks glioblastoma invasion of the brain. Neurosurgery 1997; 40:141-51. [PMID: 8971836 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199701000-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant primary brain tumor associated with short patient survival despite aggressive treatment, in part because of its propensity to aggressively infiltrate into brain tissue. Glioblastoma multiforme is also unique because it is the only nonepithelial human tumor for which excessive activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been consistently linked to tumor growth and patient survival, and EGFR activation promotes glioblastoma multiforme infiltration in vitro. METHODS Cocultures of human glioblastoma spheroids (derived from three separate patients) and fetal rat brain aggregates were examined for infiltration using confocal microscopy, in the presence of 0 to 100 mumol/L genistein, a tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor, and 3 mumol/L tyrphostin A25, a specific EGFR-TK inhibitor. RESULTS Infiltration (not attachment) was completely inhibited by genistein at 10 mumol/L, the IC20 for monolayer growth inhibition in two cell lines. Tyrphostin A25 at 3 mumol/L (the IC20 for monolayers) reduced invasion in a third cell line from 38.8 +/- 6.1% invasion-hour per hour (n = 5) to 2.9 +/- 1.2% invasion-hour per hour (n = 6) (P = 0.0002, two-tailed t test, 93% inhibition), and from 0.54 +/- 0.065% per hour (slope) to 0.028 +/- 0.018% per hour (P = 0.00001, 95% inhibition). Maximal percent invasion was reduced from 100 +/- 0 to 7.4 +/- 5.6% of the fetal rat brain aggregate. No change was detected in EGFR-associated tyrosine phosphorylation at those doses in monolayers by 32P immunolabeling, consistent with the known effects of low concentrations of TK inhibitors. An increase in expression of wild-type and truncated EGFR was demonstrated by Western blotting. Invasion was equally well inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to the high-affinity ligand binding domain of EGFR and not by antibody to an inactive domain. CONCLUSION Our observations support the role of EGFR activation as a determinant by which glioblastoma invades normal brain tissue, and we show that invasion can be effectively inhibited at much lower concentrations of TK inhibitors than are necessary for growth suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Penar
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, USA
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Penar PL, Khoshyomn S, Bhushan A, Tritton TR. Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-associated Tyrosine Kinase Blocks Glioblastoma Invasion of the Brain. Neurosurgery 1997. [DOI: 10.1227/00006123-199701000-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ness GO, Haugen DR, Varhaug JE, Akslen LA, Lillehaug JR. Cytoplasmic localization of EGF receptor in papillary thyroid carcinomas: association with the 150-kDa receptor form. Int J Cancer 1996; 65:161-7. [PMID: 8567111 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960117)65:2<161::aid-ijc6>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that papillary thyroid carcinomas show an increased expression of EGFR mRNA and protein, compared to non-tumorous thyroid tissue. EGFR immunoreactivity was localized to the cytoplasm as well as to the membrane in papillary carcinomas. To further study EGFR protein expression in human thyroid tissue, we performed immunohistochemistry and Western blots of 64 different thyroid tissue samples from 36 patients, including 23 patients with papillary carcinomas. Two receptor forms were identified in human thyroid tissue, a 170-kDa and a 150-kDa form. The 150-kDa receptor form was more pronounced in papillary carcinomas, while the 170-kDa receptor was the dominant form in non-malignant thyroid tissues. Predominance of the 150-kDa EGFR in the tumour samples was associated with strong cytoplasmic EGFR staining. EGFR gene structure, protein synthesis and maturation were found to be normal. Immunoprecipitation and Western-blot analysis of EGFR from the human thyroid SGHTL-34 cells after increased ligand concentration showed a decreased amount of the mature 170-kDa receptor and a relative increase in the 150-kDa receptor. We have previously demonstrated the presence of a TGF-alpha-EGFR autocrine loop in papillary thyroid carcinomas, and this may explain increased receptor turnover and accumulation of a cytoplasmic degradation product.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Ness
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Grade Institute, University of Bergen, Norway
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Berens ME, Rief MD, Shapiro JR, Haskett D, Giese A, Joy A, Coons SW. Proliferation and motility responses of primary and recurrent gliomas related to changes in epidermal growth factor receptor expression. J Neurooncol 1996; 27:11-22. [PMID: 8699221 DOI: 10.1007/bf00146079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytic neoplasms show a high incidence of elevated or mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. Although proliferative effects from EGFR activation are well described, the role that changes in this receptor play in glioma growth and migration remain poorly addressed. This report characterizes changes in the levels of EGFR expression in three glial tumors at initial presentation (resection) and at the time of recurrence. By quantitative flow cytometry the mean level of EGFR expression increased, decreased, or remained the same in different recurrent astrocytomas relative to their primary tumor cells. Immunocytochemistry for EGFR on monolayer cells corroborated the level of expression in the recurrent tumors relative to their matched primary specimen. Immunoprecipitation indicated that 170 kd EGFR was expressed in each of the tumors, and showed normal down regulation following treatment with EGF. Proliferation response to EGF was seen in only 1/6 instances, but was concentration-dependent when observed. Stimulated migration of the cells was frequently seen and was also concentration-dependent on EGF; the magnitude of response was related to the relative level of 170 kd EGFR expression in the cells. EGFR immunostaining of tissue sections from the tumors confirmed the levels of EGFR expressed in primary and recurrent astrocytomas as was seen in the cultured cells. These results indicate that the relative levels of EGFR in early passage cell cultures from glioma specimens concurs with the measured tissue levels of expression. Human glioma cells are more responsive to migration induction than proliferation induction by EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Berens
- Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Salomon DS, Brandt R, Ciardiello F, Normanno N. Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their receptors in human malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1995; 19:183-232. [PMID: 7612182 DOI: 10.1016/1040-8428(94)00144-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1905] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D S Salomon
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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In Vitro Growth Inhibition of Growth Factor-stimulated Meningioma Cells by Calcium Channel Antagonists. Neurosurgery 1995. [DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199502000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Jensen RL, Origitano TC, Lee YS, Weber M, Wurster RD. In vitro growth inhibition of growth factor-stimulated meningioma cells by calcium channel antagonists. Neurosurgery 1995; 36:365-73; discussion 373-4. [PMID: 7731518 DOI: 10.1227/00006123-199502000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that a majority of meningiomas contain receptors for platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor and that these growth factors promote the proliferation of meningioma cells in culture. Although the mechanism of action has not been elucidated, intracellular calcium appears to be part of the signal transduction mechanism. Because alterations in intracellular calcium could interrupt this pathway and decrease cellular proliferation, we investigated the effects of calcium channel-blocking agents on the growth of meningioma cells in vitro. Primary meningioma cell cultures were established, and the cells were characterized by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical studies. Then, the cultures were given growth factors and/or various calcium channel antagonists, and growth rates were measured. A dose-response decrease in cell growth was seen when verapamil, nifedipine, or diltiazem (voltage-dependent calcium channel-blocking agents) was added to serum-containing media. Also, these drugs blocked the growth stimulation of epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in a similar fashion. Dantrolene, which inhibits the release of sequestered intracellular calcium, was also an effective blocker of the mitogenic stimulation of these growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Jensen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Di Carlo A, Mariano A, Macchia PE, Cecere C, Ferrante G, Macchia V. Epidermal growth factor receptor and lipid membrane components in human lung cancers. J Endocrinol Invest 1993; 16:99-107. [PMID: 8463555 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The binding of 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the plasma membranes of 54 samples of human lung tumors was determined. These included 34 squamous cell carcinomas and 20 adenocarcinomas. Twenty samples of histologically normal lung excised surgically along with the tumors were used as controls. Most of the plasma membranes showed an EGF receptor level higher than that of normal tissue. A moderate increase in the amount of 125I-EGF bound (2-5 fold) was observed in the majority of the tumors. Only a few cases (5-10% of the total) showed a large increase (> than 10 fold). The binding of 125I-EGF was compared with clinical stages and grades of differentiation. No correlation between the stage of the tumor and 125I-EGF binding was observed. However, the highest levels of EGF receptor (EGF-R) were found in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. The total amount and the distribution pattern of gangliosides and phospholipids were analyzed in individual tumors. A decrease in GD1b, GD1a and sphingomyelin and an increase in GM1 and GM3 was observed. No correlation was detected when tumors with the highest or lowest levels of gangliosides or phospholipids were compared with tumors exhibiting the highest binding of 125I-EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Carlo
- Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli, Italy
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Epenetos AA, Linardou H. New Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Strategies against Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 1993; 8:1-7. [PMID: 8496626 DOI: 10.1177/172460089300800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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