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Zhou B, Liang C, Li P, Xiao H. Revisiting X-linked congenital ichthyosis. Int J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 39086014 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
X-linked recessive ichthyosis (XLI) is a hereditary skin disease characterized by generalized dryness and scaling of the skin, with frequent extracutaneous manifestations. It is the second most common type of ichthyosis, with a prevalence of 1/6,000 to 1/2,000 in males and without any racial or geographical differences. The causative gene for XLI is the steroid sulfatase gene (STS), located on Xp22.3. STS deficiency causes an abnormal cholesterol sulfate (CS) accumulation in the stratum corneum (SC). Excess CS induces epidermal permeability barrier dysfunction and scaling abnormalities. This review summarizes XLI's genetic, clinical, and pathological features, pathogenesis, diagnosis and differential diagnoses, and therapeutic perspectives. Further understanding the role of the STS gene pathogenic variants in XLI may contribute to a more accurate and efficient clinical diagnosis of XLI and provide novel strategies for its treatment and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Cancan Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, China NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Maldonado-González M, Hernández-Nazara ZH, Torres-Castillo N, Martínez-López E, de la Cruz-Color L, Ruíz-Madrigal B. Association between the rs3812316 Single Nucleotide Variant of the MLXIPL Gene and Alpha-Linolenic Acid Intake with Triglycerides in Mexican Mestizo Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224726. [PMID: 36432414 PMCID: PMC9692638 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a key transcription factor to understand the gene−diet−nutrient relationship that leads to metabolic diseases. We aimed to analyze the association between the rs17145750 and rs3812316 SNVs (single nucleotide variants) of the MLXIPL gene with dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical variables in Mexican Mestizo subjects. This is a cross-sectional study of 587 individuals. Genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination. In addition, liver and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from a subgroup of 24 subjects to analyze the expression of the MLXIPL gene. An in silico test of the protein stability and allelic imbalance showed that rs17145750 and rs3812316 showed a high rate of joint heritability in a highly conserved area. The G allele of rs3812316 was associated with lower triglyceride levels (OR = −0.070 ± 0.027, p < 0.011, 95% CI = −0.124 to −0.016), the production of an unstable protein (ΔΔG −0.83 kcal/mol), and probably lower tissue mRNA levels. In addition, we found independent factors that also influence triglyceride levels, such as insulin resistance, HDL-c, and dietary protein intake in women. Our data showed that the association of rs3812316 on triglycerides was only observed in patients with an inadequate alpha-linolenic acid intake (1.97 ± 0.03 vs. 2.11 ± 0.01 log mg/dL, p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Maldonado-González
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Zamira H. Hernández-Nazara
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucia de la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Bertha Ruíz-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(33)10585200
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Xie W, Zhou H, Zhou L, Gong Y, Lin J, Chen Y. Clinical features and genetic analysis of two Chinese families with X-linked ichthyosis. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520962292. [PMID: 33026262 PMCID: PMC7545777 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520962292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recessive X-linked ichthyosis (RXLI) caused by deficiency of the steroid sulfatase gene (STS) has a reported prevalence of 1/2000 to 1/6000. The present study aimed to characterize the phenotypes and genotypes of two Chinese families with RXLI. Methods The patients were referred to the Family Planning Research Institute of Hunan Province for genetic counseling. Their skin phenotypes were photographed, and venous blood was drawn and used for chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Results The skin phenotype of the proband from the first family was characterized by generalized skin dryness and scaling, with noticeable dark brown, polygonal scales on his trunk and extensor surfaces of his extremities. The proband from the second family had an atypical phenotype showing mild skin dryness over his entire body, slight scaling on his abdomen, and small skin fissures on his arms and legs. No mental disability or developmental anomaly was noted in either proband. CMA revealed that both probands carried a 1.4-Mb deletion on chromosome Xp22.31 involving four Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man-listed genes including STS. Conclusions Our findings add knowledge to the genotype and phenotype spectrum of RXLI, which may be helpful in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqin Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health, Family Planning Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health, Family Planning Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health, Family Planning Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Gong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health, Family Planning Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiwu Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health, Family Planning Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health, Family Planning Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Association of -319 C/T and +49 A/G polymorphisms of CTLA-4 gene in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 150:251-256. [PMID: 29033194 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Molecular changes in the CTLA-4 gene can modify the ability to control T lymphocyte proliferation, and promote the persistence or elimination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). We aimed to investigate the frequency and association of -319 C/T and +49 A/G polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene in patients infected with HCV. METHODS The CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms (-319 C/T in the promoter region, and +49 A/G in exon 1) were analysed by T-ARMS-PCR in 420 individuals, including 205 chronic HCV infected patients and 215 healthy subjects. RESULTS We found a positive association of +49G allele with HCV infection (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.09-2.02; p=.02), and with males (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.16-2.79; p=.02), both in chronic disease (without cirrhosis). Also, significant differences in +49 A/G genotypes distribution between HCV infected patients and healthy subjects were shown in a dominant genetic model (GG+GA versus AA; OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.05-2.33; p=.04). No significant differences were observed in the -319 C/T polymorphism between HCV infected patients and healthy subjects. Moreover, -319C/+49G haplotype confers susceptibility to HCV genotype 3 infection (OR 10.68; 95% CI 1.17-96.97; p=.04). CONCLUSIONS The +49G allele confers susceptibility to HCV infection and with male gender, both in chronic disease. In addition, the -319C/+49G haplotype confers susceptibility to HCV genotype 3 infection. Our results support an important role of the -319 C/T and +49 A/G polymorphisms in HCV infection.
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Ali RH, Mahmood S, Raza SI, Aziz A, Irfanullah, Naqvi SKUH, Wasif N, Ansar M, Ahmad W, Shah SH, Khan BT, Zaman Q, Gul A, Wali A, Ali G, Khan S, Khisroon M, Basit S. Genetic analysis of Xp22.3 micro-deletions in seventeen families segregating isolated form of X-linked ichthyosis. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 80:214-7. [PMID: 26481779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Hussain Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabba Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfanullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Naveed Wasif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sayed Hajan Shah
- Center for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bakht Tarin Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan; Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Zaman
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ajab Gul
- Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta 87100, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wali
- Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta 87100, Pakistan
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Saadulah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawarah, Saudi Arabia
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SONG YIJIN, CHEN JING, YI ZHUWEN, DANG XIQIANG, CHENG DEHUA, WU XIAOCHUAN, TAN YUEQIU. Genetic analysis of a 12-year-old boy with X-linked ichthyosis in association with sclerosing glomerulonephritis. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1183-7. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lopez-Valdez J, Rivera-Vega MR, Gonzalez-Huerta LM, Cazarin J, Cuevas-Covarrubias S. Analysis of the KRT9 gene in a Mexican family with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:354-8. [PMID: 23278372 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK), an autosomal-dominant genodermatosis, is the most frequently occurring hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma. EPPK is characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. Approximately 90% of patients present with mutations in the KRT9 gene, which encodes for keratin 9. Many of these mutations are located within the highly conserved coil 1A region of the alpha-helical rod domain of keratin 9, an important domain for keratin heterodimerization. The objective was to assess the clinical and molecular characteristics of a Mexican family with EPPK. The clinical characteristics of members of this family were analyzed. The KRT9 gene of affected members was polymerase chain reaction amplified from genomic DNA and sequenced. All affected members of the family had hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles with knuckle pads. The R163W mutation in the KRT9 gene was present in all affected individuals who were tested. Although R163W is the most frequent KRT9 mutation in patients with EPPK, only two families have been reported with knuckle pads associated with this mutation. Our findings indicate that knuckle pads can be associated with EPPK and the R163W mutation in a family with a genetic background different from that described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Lopez-Valdez
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital General de México, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, DF, México
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Yuan ZQ, Zhao BS, Zhang JY. Expression patterns of the STAG gene in intact and regenerating planarians (Dugesia japonica). GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:410-8. [PMID: 21425091 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-1gmr1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We examined the spatial and temporal expression of the planarian Dugesia japonica STAG-related gene (DjStag), in both intact and regenerating planarians, by whole-mount in situ hybridization and relative quantitative real-time PCR. The first localized transcripts of DjStag were detected in the blastemas three days after amputation, in all regenerates including those from head, tail and trunk pieces. The maximum level of expression of DjStag transcripts occurred at five days after cutting. After regeneration for seven days, DjStag was weakly expressed. A similar decrease occurs regardless of the orientation of the cut. The expression pattern did not differ significantly in the different types of regeneration. Relative quantitative real-time PCR analysis of DjStag mRNA indicated that the expression of DjStag mRNA was increased after amputation compared to that in normal intact planarians, and the maximum level of expression of DjStag transcripts occurred at five days after amputation. All results suggest that DjStag, implicated in planarian regeneration, plays a role in maintaining the ability of pluripotent stem cells to regenerate lost tissue in planarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Yuan
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
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Langlois S, Armstrong L, Gall K, Hulait G, Livingston J, Nelson T, Power P, Pugash D, Siciliano D, Steinraths M, Mattman A. Steroid sulfatase deficiency and contiguous gene deletion syndrome amongst pregnant patients with low serum unconjugated estriols. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29:966-74. [PMID: 19609942 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain all prenatally diagnosed cases of Steroid Sulfatase (STS) deficiency in British Columbia between August 2002 and July 2007 to determine the incidence of this condition, the clinical and laboratory findings, and the risk of a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of these patients to obtain detailed information about the maternal serum screening results, family history, investigations performed, and outcome of the pregnancy. RESULTS Thirty pregnant patients were found to have a male fetus/infant with STS deficiency, giving a minimal estimated incidence of this condition of approximately 1 in 1513 males. In twenty nine cases, this condition was isolated. One patient was found to have a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. In cases of sporadic STS deficiency diagnosed prenatally, the frequency of contiguous gene deletion syndrome in this study was 1 out of 12 (8.3%). CONCLUSION The clinical, cytogenetic and molecular data on this series of prenatally diagnosed cases of STS deficiency indicates that this is a common condition and in cases with no family history, the risk of contiguous gene deletion syndrome is significant, and warrants additional molecular genetic investigations of the mother and/or fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Langlois
- Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Gonzalez-Huerta L, Mendiola-Jimenez J, Del Moral-Stevenel M, Rivera-Vega M, Cuevas-Covarrubias S. Atypical X-linked ichthyosis in a patient with a large deletion involving the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene. Int J Dermatol 2009; 48:142-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.03996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Toral-Lopez J, González-Huerta LM, Cuevas-Covarrubias SA. Segregation analysis in X-linked ichthyosis: paternal transmission of the affected X-chromosome. Br J Dermatol 2008; 158:818-20. [PMID: 18205863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid sulphatase (STS) deficiency has been described in a diversity of ethnic populations. The phenotype of STS deficiency, X-linked ichthyosis (XLI), is a genodermatosis characterized by dark scaly skin. About 90% of patients with XLI have complete deletion of the entire STS gene and flanking sequences. The variable number tandem repeats, on either side of the STS gene, appear to play an important role in these interstitial deletions due to nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR). It is difficult to establish if this NAHR occurs between two chromosomes, between sister chromatids or between the same chromatid. OBJECTIVES To identify the parental origin of the affected X-chromosome in seven unrelated sporadic cases of XLI. METHODS Amplification of the regions from DXS89 to DXS1134 (telomeric-centromeric) including the 5' and 3' ends of the STS gene was performed through polymerase chain reaction. GeneScan analysis was performed using the DXS987, DXS8051 and DXS1060 markers located on the short arm of the X-chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed with a digoxigenin-labelled cDNA STS probe. RESULTS STS gene deletion in patients with XLI involved the sequences DXS1139 and DXF22S1. In five families segregation analysis showed paternal transmission of the affected X-chromosome in the XLI carrier. It was not possible to determine the parental origin of the affected X-chromosome in two families. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that STS gene deletion occurred in the male meiosis probably due to an intrachromosomal event, recombination between S232 sequences on the same DNA molecule, or during the process of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Toral-Lopez
- Servicio de Génetica, Hospital General de México, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico DF, Mexico
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Cuevas-Covarrubias SA, González-Huerta LM. Analysis of the VCX3A, VCX2 and VCX3B genes shows that VCX3A gene deletion is not sufficient to result in mental retardation in X-linked ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2007; 158:483-6. [PMID: 18076704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked ichthyosis (XLI), an inborn error of metabolism, is due to steroid sulphatase (STS) deficiency. Most patients with XLI harbour complete deletion of the STS gene and flanking sequences. The presence of low copy number repeats on either side of the STS gene seems to have a major role in the high frequency of these deletions. Some patients with XLI with terminal deletions of Xp22.3 involving marker DXS1139 and the STS gene show mental retardation (MR); VCX3A is the only gene located on this critical region. OBJECTIVES To analyse the VCX3A, VCX, VCX2 and VCX3B genes in 80 unrelated Mexican patients with XLI with normal intelligence. METHODS STS activity was measured in the leucocytes using 7-[3H]-dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate as a substrate. Amplification of the regions from telomeric DXS89 to centromeric DXS1134 including both extremes of the STS and the VCX3A, VCX, VCX2 and VCX3B genes was performed using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS No STS activity was detected in the patients with XLI (0.00 pmol mg(-1) protein h(-1)). We observed two different deletion patterns: the first group included 62 patients with deletion of VCX3A and VCX genes. The second group included 18 patients with breakpoints at several regions on either side of the STS gene not including the VCX3A gene. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that more complex mechanisms, apart from possible VCX3A gene participation, are occurring in the genesis of MR in XLI, at least in the sample of Mexican patients analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Cuevas-Covarrubias
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital General de México, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dr Balmis 148, Col. Doctores C.P. 06726, México D.F., Mexico.
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Messina-Baas OM, González-Huerta LM, Chima-Galán C, Kofman-Alfaro SH, Rivera-Vega MR, Babayán-Mena I, Cuevas-Covarrubias SA. Molecular Analysis of the CYP1B1 Gene: Identification of Novel Truncating Mutations in Patients with Primary Congenital Glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res 2006; 39:17-23. [PMID: 17164573 DOI: 10.1159/000097902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations and polymorphisms have been identified in the CYP1B1 gene; while mutations that affect the conserved core structures of cytochrome P4501B1 result in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), mutations in other regions hold the potential to define differences in estrogen metabolism. In the present study, we analyzed the CYP1B1 gene in Mexican patients with PCG and described four novel mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included 12 nonrelated cases with PCG. Analysis of coding regions of the CYP1B1 gene was performed through PCR and DNA sequencing analysis from genomic DNA. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Molecular analysis of the CYP1B1 gene showed the following molecular defects: (1) a novel single-base pair deletion within codon 370 (1454delC) that produces a substitution of leucine instead of proline and a premature stop codon 57 amino acids after the last original amino acid; this family also harbored a novel polymorphic variant of the cytochrome P4501B1 with six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (142C-->G; 355G-->T; 729G-->C; 4326C-->G; 4360C-->G and 4379C-->T); (2) a novel single-base pair deletion within codon 277 (1176delT) that results in a premature stop codon; (3) a novel single-base pair deletion within codon 179 (880delG) that produces a substitution of arginine instead of alanine and a premature stop codon 17 amino acids downstream from the last original amino acid, and (4) a duplication (or insertion) of ten base pairs within codon 404 (1556dupATGCCACCAC) that results in a premature stop codon 26 amino acids after the last original amino acid. We also observed in 2 nonrelated patients a deletion of 13 bp (1410_1422delGAGTGCAGGCAGA) previously reported for other populations. CONCLUSION We reported four novel mutations and a novel polymorphic variant in the CYP1B1 gene in PCG in the Mexican population; it has important implications in diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Messina-Baas
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital General de México, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México, D.F., México
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Rivera-Vega MR, Chiñas-Lopez S, Vaca ALJ, Arenas-Sordo ML, Kofman-Alfaro S, Messina-Baas O, Cuevas-Covarrubias SA. Molecular analysis of the NDP gene in two families with Norrie disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 83:210-4. [PMID: 15799735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the molecular defects in the Norrie disease protein (NDP) gene in two families with Norrie disease (ND). METHODS We analysed two families with ND at molecular level through polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequence analysis and GeneScan. RESULTS Two molecular defects found in the NDP gene were: a missense mutation (265C > G) within codon 97 that resulted in the interchange of arginine by proline, and a partial deletion in the untranslated 3' region of exon 3 of the NDP gene. Clinical findings were more severe in the family that presented the partial deletion. We also diagnosed the carrier status of one daughter through GeneScan; this method proved to be a useful tool for establishing female carriers of ND. CONCLUSION Here we report two novel mutations in the NDP gene in Mexican patients and propose that GeneScan is a viable mean of establishing ND carrier status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Refugio Rivera-Vega
- Department of Genetics, General Hospital of Mexico, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Van Esch H, Hollanders K, Badisco L, Melotte C, Van Hummelen P, Vermeesch JR, Devriendt K, Fryns JP, Marynen P, Froyen G. Deletion of VCX-A due to NAHR plays a major role in the occurrence of mental retardation in patients with X-linked ichthyosis. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:1795-803. [PMID: 15888481 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is often associated with a recurrent microdeletion at Xp22.31 due to non-allelic homologous recombination between the CRI-S232 low-copy repeat regions flanking the STS gene. The clinical features of these patients may include mental retardation (MR) and the VCX-A gene has been proposed as the candidate MR gene. Analysis of DNA from four XLI patients with MR by array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) on a 150 kb resolution X chromosome-specific array revealed a 1.5 Mb interstitial microdeletion with breakpoints in the CRI-S232 repeat sequences, each of which harbors a VCX gene. We demonstrate that the recombination sites in all four cases are situated in the 1 kb repeat unit 2 region present at the 3' ends of the VCX-A and VCX-B genes thereby deleting VCX-A and VCX-B1 but not VCX-B and VCX-C. Array-CGH with DNA of an XLI patient with MR and an inherited t(X;Y)(p22.31;q11.2) showed an Xpter deletion of 8.0 Mb resulting in the deletion of all four VCX genes and duplication of both VCY homologs. These data confirm the role of VCX-A in the occurrence of MR in XLI patients. Moreover, we propose a VCX/Y teamwork-dependent mechanism for the incidence of mental impairment in XLI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Van Esch
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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González-Huerta LM, Riviera-Vega MR, Kofman-Alfeuro SH, Cuevas-Covarrubias SA. Novel missense mutation (Arg432Cys) in a patient with steroid sulphatase-deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003; 59:263-4. [PMID: 12864806 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.17851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cuevas-Covarrubias SA, Jiménez-Vaca AL, González-Huerta LM, Valdes-Flores M, Del Refugio Rivera-Vega M, Maya-Nunez G, Kofman-Alfaro SH. Somatic and germinal mosaicism for the steroid sulfatase gene deletion in a steroid sulfatase deficiency carrier. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 119:972-5. [PMID: 12406347 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.t01-1-00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase deficiency results in X-linked ichthyosis, an inborn error of metabolism in which the principal molecular defect is the complete deletion of the steroid sulfatase gene and flanking markers. Mosaicism for the steroid sulfatase gene has not yet been reported in X-linked ichthyosis. In this study we describe an X-linked ichthyosis patient with complete deletion of the steroid sulfatase gene and his mother with somatic and germinal mosaicism for this molecular defect. The family (X-linked ichthyosis patient, grandmother, mother, and sister) was analyzed through steroid sulfatase enzyme assay, polymerase chain reaction, DNA markers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization of the steroid sulfatase gene. Steroid sulfatase activity was undetectable in the X-linked ichthyosis patient, very low in the mother, and normal in the grandmother and sister. The X-linked ichthyosis patient showed a 2 Mb deletion of the steroid sulfatase gene and flanking regions from 5'DXS1139 to 3'DXF22S1. The mother showed one copy of the steroid sulfatase gene in 98.5% of oral cells and in 80% of leukocytes. The grandmother and sister showed two copies of the steroid sulfatase gene. The origin of the X chromosome with the deletion of the steroid sulfatase gene corresponded to the grandfather of the proband. We report the first case of somatic and germinal mosaicism of the steroid sulfatase gene in an X-linked ichthyosis carrier and propose DNA slippage as the most plausible mechanism in the genesis of this mosaicism.
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