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Opportunity Costs: Underemployment and Mental Health Inequities Between Immigrant and Canadian-Born Labour Force Participants: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Amin R, Svedberg P, Narusyte J. Associations between adolescent social phobia, sickness absence and unemployment: a prospective study of twins in Sweden. Eur J Public Health 2020; 29:931-936. [PMID: 30879025 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about adolescent mental health problems, including social phobia, as risk factors for future work incapacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social phobia in adolescence and unemployment and sickness absence (SA) in early adulthood, also evaluating the role of familial factors (genetics and shared environment). METHODS A sample of 2845 Swedish twins born in 1985-86 in Sweden was followed longitudinally in the population-based and prospective Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development. Information on twins' social phobia was collected at ages 13-4, 16-7 and 19-20 years. Logistic regression providing odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used to analyze the associations between social phobia, unemployment and SA during the follow-up 2006-12. The influence of familial factors was evaluated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Presence of social phobia during adolescence was associated with increased odds for unemployment and SA in young adulthood. For unemployment, the highest OR was at the age of 13-4 years (1.58 [95% CI: 1.22-2.06]), and the associations became null after adjusting for familial factors. For SA, the highest OR was at the age of 19-20 years (1.73 [95% CI: 1.13-2.65]), and the estimates changed slightly after adjusting for familial factors. CONCLUSIONS : Results suggest that social phobia experienced in adolescence contribute to early adulthood unemployment and SA. Familial factors seemed to explain the association between social phobia and unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwanul Amin
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Svedberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurgita Narusyte
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ferrie JE, Westerlund H, Oxenstierna G, Theorell T. The impact of moderate and major workplace expansion and downsizing on the psychosocial and physical work environment and income in Sweden. Scand J Public Health 2016; 35:62-9. [PMID: 17366089 DOI: 10.1080/14034940600813073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To describe the effect of organizational change (moderate and major expansion and downsizing) on psychosocial work characteristics, physical hazards, and income in a representative sample of larger workplaces in Sweden. Methods: Annual changes in workforce size for the years 1991—1996 were derived from tax registry data. Work environment characteristics were measured in a sub-set of participants from the biennial Swedish Work Environment Surveys for 1991, 1993, and 1995. Income data were derived from national registries. Results: Not all organizational change resulted in a poorer work environment. The number of beneficial outcomes associated with moderate downsizing and moderate expansion in the public sector outweighed the number of adverse outcomes. However, in the private sector the overall effect of moderate organizational change was a poorer work environment. Major downsizing was associated with a better psychosocial work environment for private-sector men and major expansion with a poorer environment for public-sector women and private-sector men. Otherwise, associations between major organizational change and the psychosocial work environment were mixed across sex and sector, although major organizational change was consistently associated with a greater risk of physical hazards. Low income was associated exclusively with organizational downsizing in the private sector. Conclusions: More research is needed to determine whether the work environment can explain observed associations between organizational change and health. Data limitations prevented the authors from examining this in the present study. Their findings indicate that future research on the work environment should pay more attention to physical hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Ferrie
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
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Li W, Zhang JQ, Sun J, Tan PF, Wang S. Reliability and Validity of Job Content Questionnaire in Chinese Petrochemical Employees. Psychol Rep 2016; 100:35-46. [PMID: 17451001 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.100.1.35-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate psychometric properties the Chinese (mainland) version of the 30-item Job Content Questionnaire was administered to 889 employees in 4 industries of PetroChina. A retest at 3 months with 296 randomly chosen employees showed reliabilities ranged from .76 to .93. Cronbach coefficients alpha for the 8 dimensions ranged from .43 to .88, indicating that the Job Insecurity subscale had low internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis showed 8 meaningful factors corresponding to the 8 theoretical dimensions of this questionnaire. This version has variable a but suitable retest to be a reliable and valid measure of job strain, applicable to the Chinese industrial working population of PetroChina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Occupational and Environmental Department, Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Mustard CA, Bielecky A, Etches J, Wilkins R, Tjepkema M, Amick BC, Smith PM, Aronson KJ. Mortality following unemployment in Canada, 1991-2001. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:441. [PMID: 23642156 PMCID: PMC3665659 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes the association between unemployment and cause-specific mortality for a cohort of working-age Canadians. METHODS We conducted a cohort study over an 11-year period among a broadly representative 15% sample of the non-institutionalized population of Canada aged 30-69 at cohort inception in 1991 (888,000 men and 711,600 women who were occupationally active). We used cox proportional hazard models, for six cause of death categories, two consecutive multi-year periods and four age groups, to estimate mortality hazard ratios comparing unemployed to employed men and women. RESULTS For persons unemployed at cohort inception, the age-adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.37 for men (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-1.41) and 1.27 for women (95% CI: 1.20-1.35). The age-adjusted hazard ratio for unemployed men and women was elevated for all six causes of death: malignant neoplasms, circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, alcohol-related diseases, accidents and violence, and all other causes. For unemployed men and women, hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were equivalently elevated in 1991-1996 and 1997-2001. For both men and women, the mortality hazard ratio associated with unemployment attenuated with age. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with results reported from other long-duration cohort studies, unemployed men and women in this cohort had an elevated risk of mortality for accidents and violence, as well as for chronic diseases. The persistence of elevated mortality risks over two consecutive multi-year periods suggests that exposure to unemployment in 1991 may have marked persons at risk of cumulative socioeconomic hardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Mustard
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber Bielecky
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob Etches
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell Wilkins
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Tjepkema
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin C Amick
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
In Part 1 of this article, the legal and scientific origins of the concept of psychological safety are examined as background to, and support for, the new Canadian National Standard on Psychological Health and Safety in the Workplace (CSA Z1003/BNQ 9700). It is shown that five factors influencing psychological safety can be identified as being common to both legal and scientific perspectives: job demands and requirements of effort, job control or influence, reward, fairness, and support. This convergence of evidence from legal and scientific perspectives creates a powerful case for the development of a national standard built around these five factors. In Part 2, it is proposed that the introduction of a national standard can be expected in the long run to have positive social benefits since the health or harm that is generated in the workplace does not remain there but migrates into families, communities, and society at large in the form of either social capital or social exhaust. Consequently, psychological safety is a concept that connects the dynamics of the workplace to the health, resilience, and well-being of society at large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Arnold
- Neighbour@Work Centre, Caledon, Ontario, Canada
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