1
|
Jarrett TWJ, Svaneborg C. SEB: a computational tool for symbolic derivation of the small-angle scattering from complex composite structures. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:587-601. [PMID: 38596723 PMCID: PMC11001407 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576724001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Analysis of small-angle scattering (SAS) data requires intensive modeling to infer and characterize the structures present in a sample. This iterative improvement of models is a time-consuming process. Presented here is Scattering Equation Builder (SEB), a C++ library that derives exact analytic expressions for the form factors of complex composite structures. The user writes a small program that specifies how the sub-units should be linked to form a composite structure and calls SEB to obtain an expression for the form factor. SEB supports e.g. Gaussian polymer chains and loops, thin rods and circles, solid spheres, spherical shells and cylinders, and many different options for how these can be linked together. The formalism behind SEB is presented and simple case studies are given, such as block copolymers with different types of linkage, as well as more complex examples, such as a random walk model of 100 linked sub-units, dendrimers, polymers and rods attached to the surfaces of geometric objects, and finally the scattering from a linear chain of five stars, where each star is built up of four diblock copolymers. These examples illustrate how SEB can be used to develop complex models and hence reduce the cost of analyzing SAS data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Svaneborg
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Correlations in Hard- and Soft-Core Generic Polymer Models. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051180. [PMID: 36904420 PMCID: PMC10007592 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Generic polymer models capturing the chain connectivity and the non-bonded excluded-volume interactions between polymer segments can be classified into hard- and soft-core models depending on their non-bonded pair potential. Here we compared the correlation effects on the structural and thermodynamic properties of the hard- and soft-core models given by the polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) theory, and found different behaviors of the soft-core models at large invariant degree of polymerization (IDP) depending on how IDP is varied. We also proposed an efficient numerical approach, which enables us to accurately solve the PRISM theory for chain lengths as large as 106.
Collapse
|
3
|
Schmitt J, Calabrese V, da Silva MA, Hossain KMZ, Li P, Mahmoudi N, Dalgliesh RM, Washington AL, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Surfactant induced gelation of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril dispersions probed using small angle neutron scattering. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:034901. [PMID: 36681636 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (OCNF) suspensions in the presence of diverse surfactants. Using a combination of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and rheology, we compared the physical properties of the suspensions with their structural behavior. Four surfactants were studied, all with the same hydrophobic tail length but different headgroups: hexaethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12EO6, nonionic), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, anionic), cocamidopropyl betaine (CapB, zwitterionic), and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB, cationic). Contrast variation SANS studies using deuterated version of C12EO6 or SDS, or by varying the D2O/H2O ratio of the suspensions (with CapB), allowed focusing only on the structural properties of OCNFs or surfactant micelles. We showed that, in the concentration range studied, for C12EO6, although the nanofibrils are concentrated thanks to an excluded volume effect observed in SANS, the rheological properties of the suspensions are not affected. Addition of SDS or CapB induces gelation for surfactant concentrations superior to the critical micellar concentration (CMC). SANS results show that attractive interactions between OCNFs arise in the presence of these anionic or zwitterionic surfactants, hinting at depletion attraction as the main mechanism of gelation. Finally, addition of small amounts of DTAB (below the CMC) allows formation of a tough gel by adsorbing onto the OCNF surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Kazi M Z Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Peixun Li
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Dalgliesh
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Adam L Washington
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Janet L Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kulshreshtha A, Jayaraman A. Phase Behavior and Morphology of Blends Containing Associating Polymers: Insights from Liquid-State Theory and Molecular Simulations. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arjita Kulshreshtha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 Dupont Hall, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moinuddin M, Tripathy M. Effect of Architecture and Topology on the Self-Assembly of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Moinuddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukta Tripathy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dhumal U, Erigi U, Tripathy M. Polymer-mediated self-assembly, dispersion, and phase separation of Janus nanorods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23634-23650. [PMID: 36134618 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The challenge of stabilizing polymer nanocomposites lies in the fact that nanoparticles tend to phase separate from the polymer melt due to an entropic 'depletion attraction' between nanoparticles. Additionally, composites of polymer and nanorods show a decrease in miscibility with increasing nanorod aspect ratio [U. K. Sankar and M. Tripathy, Macromolecules, 2015, 48, 432-442; U. Erigi, U. Dhumal and M. Tripathy, J. Chem. Phys., 2021, 154, 124903]. In this work, we have studied the structure and phase behaviour of polymer-Janus nanorod mixtures using Polymer Reference Interaction Site Model (PRISM) theory and molecular dynamics simulations. The composite system of polymer and Janus nanorods of two different thicknesses, at various Janus nanorod densities, and for different interaction strengths between polymer and attractive sites of Janus nanorods (εpa), is investigated for their miscibility and self-assembly. At low Janus nanorod density, PRISM theory predicts transitions from the entropic depletion-driven contact aggregation of Janus nanorods to a well-dispersed phase to the bridging-driven phase separation of Janus nanorods, with increasing εpa. This behaviour is similar to earlier predictions for homogeneous nanorods. However, molecular dynamics simulations do not confirm the bridging-driven phase separation at high εpa predicted by PRISM theory. We find that both PRISM theory and molecular dynamics simulations are in agreement in the intermediate and high Janus nanorod density regimes. PRISM theory predicts, and simulations confirm, that at high Janus nanorod densities, the system undergoes a transition from depletion-driven macrophase separation to dispersion to chemical anisotropy-driven self-assembly with increasing εpa. The self-assembly at high εpa is mediated by the polymer. At intermediate Janus nanorod densities, the usual transition from an entropic depletion-driven macrophase separation to dispersion is predicted at low εpa. At high εpa, both PRISM theory and molecular dynamics simulations show transition to a state that is simultaneously macrophase separated and microphase separated (self-assembled).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Dhumal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Umashankar Erigi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Mukta Tripathy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tung CH, Chang SY, Chen HL, Wang Y, Hong K, Carrillo JM, Sumpter BG, Shinohara Y, Do C, Chen WR. Small angle scattering of diblock copolymers profiled by machine learning. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:131101. [PMID: 35395880 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We outline a machine learning strategy for quantitively determining the conformation of AB-type diblock copolymers with excluded volume effects using small angle scattering. Complemented by computer simulations, a correlation matrix connecting conformations of different copolymers according to their scattering features is established on the mathematical framework of a Gaussian process, a multivariate extension of the familiar univariate Gaussian distribution. We show that the relevant conformational characteristics of copolymers can be probabilistically inferred from their coherent scattering cross sections without any restriction imposed by model assumptions. This work not only facilitates the quantitative structural analysis of copolymer solutions but also provides the reliable benchmarking for the related theoretical development of scattering functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Huan Tung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yi Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jan Michael Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Yuya Shinohara
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Wei-Ren Chen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anomalous Dynamics in Macromolecular Liquids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050856. [PMID: 35267678 PMCID: PMC8912788 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular liquids display short-time anomalous behaviors in disagreement with conventional single-molecule mean-field theories. In this study, we analyze the behavior of the simplest but most realistic macromolecular system that displays anomalous dynamics, i.e., a melt of short homopolymer chains, starting from molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. Our study sheds some light on the microscopic molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed anomalous behavior. The relevance of the correlation hole, a unique property of polymer liquids, in relation to the observed subdiffusive dynamics, naturally emerges from the analysis of the van Hove distribution functions and other properties.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mei B, Zhou Y, Schweizer KS. Long Wavelength Thermal Density Fluctuations in Molecular and Polymer Glass-Forming Liquids: Experimental and Theoretical Analysis under Isobaric Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12353-12364. [PMID: 34723527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We establish via an in-depth analysis of experimental data that the dimensionless compressibility (proportional to the dimensionless amplitude of long wavelength thermal density fluctuations) of one-component normal and supercooled liquids of chemically complex nonpolar and weakly polar molecules and polymers follows extremely well a surprisingly simple and general temperature dependence over an exceptionally wide range of pressures and temperatures. A theoretical basis for this behavior is shown to exist in the venerable van der Waals model and its more modern interpretations. Although associated hydrogen-bonding (and to a lesser degree strongly polar) liquids display modestly more complex behavior, rather simple temperature and pressure dependences are also discovered. A new approach to collapse the temperature- and pressure-dependent dimensionless compressibility data onto a master curve is formulated that differs from the empirical thermodynamic scaling approach. As a practical matter, we also find that the dimensionless compressibility scales well as an inverse power law with temperature with an exponent that is system dependent and decreases with pressure. At very high pressures and low temperatures, the thermal liquid behavior appears to approach (but not reach) a repulsion-dominated random close packing limit. All these findings are relevant to our recent theoretical work on the problem of activated relaxation and vitrification of supercooled molecular and polymeric liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yuxing Zhou
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kenneth S Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maguire SM, Krook NM, Kulshreshtha A, Bilchak CR, Brosnan R, Pana AM, Rannou P, Maréchal M, Ohno K, Jayaraman A, Composto RJ. Interfacial Compatibilization in Ternary Polymer Nanocomposites: Comparing Theory and Experiments. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Maguire
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - Arjita Kulshreshtha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Connor R. Bilchak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert Brosnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andreea-Maria Pana
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrice Rannou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Maréchal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Walker CC, Genzer J, Santiso EE. Effect of Poly(vinyl butyral) Comonomer Sequence on Adhesion to Amorphous Silica: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47879-47890. [PMID: 32921047 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modulating a comonomer sequence, in addition to the overall chemical composition, is the key to unlocking the true potential of many existing commercial copolymers. We employ coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the behavior of random-blocky poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol) (PVB) melts in contact with an amorphous silica surface, representing the interface found in laminated safety glass. Our two-pronged coarse-graining approach utilizes both macroscopic thermophysical data and all-atom MD simulation data. Polymer-polymer nonbonded interactions are described by the fused-sphere SAFT-γ Mie equation of state, while bonded interactions are derived using Boltzmann inversion to match the bond and angle distributions from all-atom PVB chains. Spatially dependent polymer-surface interactions are mapped from a hydroxylated all-atom amorphous silica slab model and all-atom monomers to an external potential acting on the coarse-grained sites. We discovered an unexpected complex relationship between the blockiness parameter and the adhesion energy. The adhesion strength between PVB copolymers with intermediate VA content and silica was found to be maximal for random-blocky copolymers with a moderately high degree of blockiness rather than for diblock copolymers. We attribute this to two main factors: (1) changes in morphology, which dramatically alter the number of VA beads interacting with the surface and (2) a non-negligible contribution of vinyl butyral (VB) monomers to adhesion energy because of their preference to adsorb to zones with low hydroxyl density on the silica surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Walker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Erik E Santiso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Theoretical Modeling of Chemical Equilibrium in Weak Polyelectrolyte Layers on Curved Nanosystems. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102282. [PMID: 33027995 PMCID: PMC7601300 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface functionalization with end-tethered weak polyelectrolytes (PE) is a versatile way to modify and control surface properties, given their ability to alter their degree of charge depending on external cues like pH and salt concentration. Weak PEs find usage in a wide range of applications, from colloidal stabilization, lubrication, adhesion, wetting to biomedical applications such as drug delivery and theranostics applications. They are also ubiquitous in many biological systems. Here, we present an overview of some of the main theoretical methods that we consider key in the field of weak PE at interfaces. Several applications involving engineered nanoparticles, synthetic and biological nanopores, as well as biological macromolecules are discussed to illustrate the salient features of systems involving weak PE near an interface or under (nano)confinement. The key feature is that by confining weak PEs near an interface the degree of charge is different from what would be expected in solution. This is the result of the strong coupling between structural organization of weak PE and its chemical state. The responsiveness of engineered and biological nanomaterials comprising weak PE combined with an adequate level of modeling can provide the keys to a rational design of smart nanosystems.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kulshreshtha A, Jayaraman A. Dispersion and Aggregation of Polymer Grafted Particles in Polymer Nanocomposites Driven by the Hardness and Size of the Grafted Layer Tuned by Attractive Graft–Matrix Interactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arjita Kulshreshtha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Colburn Laboratory, Newark. Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Colburn Laboratory, Newark. Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nishio T, Yoshikawa Y, Shew CY, Umezawa N, Higuchi T, Yoshikawa K. Specific effects of antitumor active norspermidine on the structure and function of DNA. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14971. [PMID: 31628357 PMCID: PMC6802174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of trivalent polyamines, spermidine (SPD) and norspermidine (NSPD), a chemical homologue of SPD, on the structure of DNA and gene expression. The chemical structures of SPD and NSPD are different only with the number of methylene groups between amine groups, [N-3-N-4-N] and [N-3-N-3-N], respectively. SPD plays vital roles in cell function and survival, including in mammals. On the other hand, NSPD has antitumor activity and is found in some species of plants, bacteria and algae, but not in humans. We found that both polyamines exhibit biphasic effect; enhancement and inhibition on in vitro gene expression, where SPD shows definitely higher potency in enhancement but NSPD causes stronger inhibition. Based on the results of AFM (atomic force microscopy) observations together with single DNA measurements with fluorescence microscopy, it becomes clear that SPD tends to align DNA orientation, whereas NSPD induces shrinkage with a greater potency. The measurement of binding equilibrium by NMR indicates that NSPD shows 4-5 times higher affinity to DNA than SPD. Our theoretical study with Monte Carlo simulation provides the insights into the underlying mechanism of the specific effect of NSPD on DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishio
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Chwen-Yang Shew
- Doctoral Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, 10016, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA.
| | - Naoki Umezawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Mello LR, Hamley IW, Castelletto V, Garcia BBM, Han SW, de Oliveira CLP, da Silva ER. Nanoscopic Structure of Complexes Formed between DNA and the Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8861-8871. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian William Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RGD 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Castelletto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RGD 6AD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sang Won Han
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pervaje AK, Walker CC, Santiso EE. Molecular simulation of polymers with a SAFT-γ Mie approach. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1645331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amulya K. Pervaje
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christopher C. Walker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Erik E. Santiso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lemarchand CA, Bousquet D, Schnell B, Pineau N. A parallel algorithm to produce long polymer chains in molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:224902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5065785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. Schnell
- MICHELIN, 23 Place des Carmes Déchaux, 63040 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N. Pineau
- CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Repulsive/attractive interaction among compact DNA molecules as judged through laser trapping: difference between linear- and branched-chain polyamines. Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
|
21
|
Guenza MG, Dinpajooh M, McCarty J, Lyubimov IY. Accuracy, Transferability, and Efficiency of Coarse-Grained Models of Molecular Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10257-10278. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Guenza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - M. Dinpajooh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - J. McCarty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - I. Y. Lyubimov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schmitt J, Calabrese V, da Silva MA, Lindhoud S, Alfredsson V, Scott JL, Edler KJ. TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils; probing the mechanisms of gelation via small angle X-ray scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16012-16020. [PMID: 29850680 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The structure of dispersions of TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNF), at various concentrations, in water and in NaCl aqueous solutions, was probed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). OCNF are modelled as rod-like particles with an elliptical cross-section of 10 nm and a length greater than 100 nm. As OCNF concentration increases above 1.5 wt%, repulsive interactions between fibrils are evidenced, modelled by the interaction parameter νRPA > 0. This corresponds to gel-like behaviour, where G' > G'' and the storage modulus, G', shows weak frequency dependence. Hydrogels can also be formed at OCNF concentration of 1 wt% in 0.1 M NaCl(aq). SAXS patterns shows an increase of the intensity at low angle that is modelled by attractive interactions (νRPA < 0) between OCNF, arising from the screening of the surface charge of the fibrils. Results are supported by ζ potential and cryo-TEM measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shew CY, Oda S, Yoshikawa K. Localization switching of a large object in a crowded cavity: A rigid/soft object prefers surface/inner positioning. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:204901. [PMID: 29195278 DOI: 10.1063/1.5000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
For living cells in the real world, a large organelle is commonly positioned in the inner region away from membranes, such as the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, the nucleolus of nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplast, Golgi body, etc. It contradicts the expectation by the current depletion-force theory in that the larger particle should be excluded from the inner cell space onto cell boundaries in a crowding media. Here we simply model a sizable organelle as a soft-boundary large particle allowing crowders, which are smaller hard spheres in the model, to intrude across its boundary. The results of Monte Carlo simulation indicate that the preferential location of the larger particle switches from the periphery into the inner region of the cavity by increasing its softness. An integral equation theory is further developed to account for the structural features of the model, and the theoretical predictions are found consistent with our simulation results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chwen-Yang Shew
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA and Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Soutaro Oda
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Spinodal nanostructures in polymer blends: On the validity of the Cahn-Hilliard length scale prediction. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
25
|
Chervanyov AI. Effective interaction between nanoparticles mediated by a symmetric polymer blend. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:062501. [PMID: 30011482 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.062501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We analytically study the polymer-mediated (PM) interactions between spherical particles immersed in a symmetric polymer blend. By making use of standard methods of the liquid state theory we have found out a nonconventional mechanism of the PM interactions caused by nonuniformities in the local composition of the polymer blend induced by the particles. The relative significance of the contributions to the PM interaction potential due to the finite compressibility of the polymer blend and its compositional nonuniformity is found to drastically depend on the polymer-to-particle size ratio. In the protein limit of relatively small particles, the mechanism due to the compositional nonuniformity, specific to polymer blends, is shown to play a dominant role in the PM interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Chervanyov
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Martin TB, Gartner TE, Jones RL, Snyder CR, Jayaraman A. pyPRISM: A Computational Tool for Liquid-State Theory Calculations of Macromolecular Materials. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Martin
- National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | - Ronald L. Jones
- National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Chad R. Snyder
- National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chervanyov AI. Depletion interaction between colloids mediated by an athermal polymer blend. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:032508. [PMID: 29776170 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.032508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the immersion energy of a colloid and the potential of the depletion interaction (DI) acting between colloids immersed in an athermal polymer blend. The developed theory has no limitations with respect to the polymer-to-colloid size ratios and polymer densities, covering, in particular, dense polymer blends. We demonstrate that in addition to the standard compressibility-induced mechanism of the DI there exists the mechanism relying on the correlations between compositional fluctuations specific to polymer blends. We quantitatively investigate this "compositional" mechanism of the DI and demonstrate that it causes significant contributions to the effective force acting between colloids. Further we show that relative significance of the contributions to the colloid immersion energy and the depletion potential caused by the above compositional mechanism strongly depends on the mass fractions of the polymer species and their size ratio. We find out that these contributions strongly affect the range of the DI, thus causing a significant increase in the absolute value of the second virial coefficient of the effective potential acting between colloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Chervanyov
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lyubimov I, Beltran-Villegas DJ, Jayaraman A. PRISM Theory Study of Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Solutions with Varying Copolymer Sequence and Composition. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lyubimov
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Daniel J. Beltran-Villegas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Modica KJ, Martin TB, Jayaraman A. Effect of Polymer Architecture on the Structure and Interactions of Polymer Grafted Particles: Theory and Simulations. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Modica
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy
Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tyler B. Martin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy
Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy
Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hu R, Wu DT, Wang D. Modeling intra- and intermolecular correlations for linear and branched polymers using a modified test-chain self-consistent field theory. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:042502. [PMID: 28505798 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.042502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A modified test-chain self-consistent field theory (SCFT) is presented to study the intra- and intermolecular correlations of linear and branched polymers in various solutions and melts. The key to the test-chain SCFT is to break the the translational symmetry by fixing a monomer at the origin of a coordinate. This theory successfully describes the crossover from self-avoiding walk at short distances to screened random walk at long distances in a semidilute solution or melt. The calculations indicated that branching enhances the swelling of polymers in melts and influences stretching at short distances. The test-chain SCFT calculations show good agreement with experiments and classic polymer theories. We highlight that the theory presented here provides a solution to interpret the polymer conformation and behavior under various conditions within the framework of one theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renfeng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - David T Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Dapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Systematic and simulation-free coarse graining of multi-component polymeric systems: Structure-based coarse graining of binary polymer blends. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
32
|
Martin TB, Jayaraman A. Using Theory and Simulations To Calculate Effective Interactions in Polymer Nanocomposites with Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Martin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fraaije JGEM, van Male J, Becherer P, Serral Gracià R. Coarse-Grained Models for Automated Fragmentation and Parametrization of Molecular Databases. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:2361-2377. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G. E. M. Fraaije
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Culgi BV, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Male
- Culgi BV, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Becherer
- Culgi BV, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ciach A, Hall CK, Kahl G, Lomba E. Fifty years of liquid state physics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:410301. [PMID: 27545863 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/41/410301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
|
35
|
Zhang R, Schweizer KS. Statistical Mechanical Theory of Penetrant Diffusion in Polymer Melts and Glasses. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Materials Science
and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science
and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kaspersen JD, Turunen MJ, Mathavan N, Lages S, Pedersen JS, Olsson U, Isaksson H. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Demonstrates Similar Nanostructure in Cortical Bone from Young Adult Animals of Different Species. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:76-87. [PMID: 26914607 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the vast amount of studies focusing on bone nanostructure that have been performed for several decades, doubts regarding the detailed structure of the constituting hydroxyapatite crystal still exist. Different experimental techniques report somewhat different sizes and locations, possibly due to different requirements for the sample preparation. In this study, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering is used to investigate the nanostructure of femur samples from young adult ovine, bovine, porcine, and murine cortical bone, including three different orthogonal directions relative to the long axis of the bone. The radially averaged scattering from all samples reveals a remarkable similarity in the entire q range, which indicates that the nanostructure is essentially the same in all species. Small differences in the data from different directions confirm that the crystals are elongated in the [001] direction and that this direction is parallel to the long axis of the bone. A model consisting of thin plates is successfully employed to describe the scattering and extract the plate thicknesses, which are found to be in the range of 20-40 Å for most samples but 40-60 Å for the cow samples. It is demonstrated that the mineral plates have a large degree of polydispersity in plate thickness. Additionally, and equally importantly, the scattering data and the model are critically evaluated in terms of model uncertainties and overall information content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Juhani Turunen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70 211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Neashan Mathavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dong Y, Feng X, Zhao N, Hou Z. Diffusion of nanoparticles in semidilute polymer solutions: A mode-coupling theory study. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:024903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4926412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Dong
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoqing Feng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Nanrong Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhonghuai Hou
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Marsh HS, Jayaraman A. Effect of additive length and chemistry on the morphology of blends of conjugated thiophenes and fullerene derivative acceptor molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary S. Marsh
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUCB 596, University of Colorado BoulderColorado80309
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewark Delaware19716
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewark Delaware19716
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yang D, Wang Q. Systematic and simulation-free coarse graining of homopolymer melts: A structure-based study. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:054905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4906493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Delian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1370, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1370, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Karzar-Jeddi M, Tuinier R, Taniguchi T, Fan TH. Stochastic interactions of two Brownian hard spheres in the presence of depletants. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:214906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4880199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
41
|
Martin TB, Jayaraman A. Effect of matrix bidispersity on the morphology of polymer-grafted nanoparticle-filled polymer nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Martin
- Department of Chemical and Biolgical Engineering; UCB 596 University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biolgical Engineering; UCB 596 University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado 80309
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Ganesan V, Jayaraman A. Theory and simulation studies of effective interactions, phase behavior and morphology in polymer nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:13-38. [PMID: 24651842 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites are a class of materials that consist of a polymer matrix filled with inorganic/organic nanoscale additives that enhance the inherent macroscopic (mechanical, optical and electronic) properties of the polymer matrix. Over the past few decades such materials have received tremendous attention from experimentalists, theoreticians, and computational scientists. These studies have revealed that the macroscopic properties of polymer nanocomposites depend strongly on the (microscopic) morphology of the constituent nanoscale additives in the polymer matrix. As a consequence, intense research efforts have been directed to understand the relationships between interactions, morphology, and the phase behavior of polymer nanocomposites. Theory and simulations have proven to be useful tools in this regard due to their ability to link molecular level features of the polymer and nanoparticle additives to the resulting morphology within the composite. In this article we review recent theory and simulation studies, presenting briefly the methodological developments underlying PRISM theories, density functional theory, self-consistent field theory approaches, and atomistic and coarse-grained molecular simulations. We first discuss the studies on polymer nanocomposites with bare or un-functionalized nanoparticles as additives, followed by a review of recent work on composites containing polymer grafted or functionalized nanoparticles as additives. We conclude each section with a brief outlook on some potential future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lai X, Zhao N. Time‐dependent Diffusion Coefficient and Conventional Diffusion Constant of Nanoparticles in Polymer Melts by Mode‐coupling Theory. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/02/163-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
45
|
Jayaraman A. Polymer grafted nanoparticles: Effect of chemical and physical heterogeneity in polymer grafts on particle assembly and dispersion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
46
|
Shew CY, Do C, Hong K, Liu Y, Porcar L, Smith GS, Chen WR. Conformational effect on small angle neutron scattering behavior of interacting polyelectrolyte solutions: a perspective of integral equation theory. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:024907. [PMID: 22803562 DOI: 10.1063/1.4732516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements of deuterium oxide (D(2)O) solutions of linear and star sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (NaPSS) as a function of polyelectrolyte concentration. Emphasis is on understanding the dependence of their SANS coherent scattering cross section I(Q) on the molecular architecture of single polyelectrolyte. The key finding is that for a given concentration, star polyelectrolytes exhibit more pronounced characteristic peaks in I(Q), and the position of the first peak occurs at a smaller Q compared to their linear counterparts. Based on a model of integral equation theory, we first compare the SANS experimental I(Q) of salt-free polyelectrolyte solutions with that predicted theoretically. Having seen their satisfactory qualitative agreement, the dependence of counterion association behavior on polyelectrolyte geometry and concentration is further explored. Our predictions reveal that the ionic environment of polyelectrolyte exhibits a strong dependence on polyelectrolyte geometry at lower polyelectrolyte concentration. However, when both linear and star polyelectrolytes exceed their overlap concentrations, the spatial distribution of counterion is found to be essentially insensitive to polyelectrolyte geometry due to the steric effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chwen-Yang Shew
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jayaraman A, Nair N. Integrating PRISM theory and Monte Carlo simulation to study polymer-functionalised particles and polymer nanocomposites. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2012.683528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
48
|
Chervanyov AI. Depletion forces acting on nanoparticles in confined polymer systems: potential theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:061801. [PMID: 21797395 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
By making use of the developed potential theory, we investigate the polymer-mediated depletion interactions between nanoparticles and hard planar surfaces in the following settings: (i) interaction between two nanoparticles; (ii) interactions between nanoparticle and hard planar surface; (iii) interaction between two nanoparticles in the presence of hard planar surface; and (iv) interaction between nanoparticle and walls of the plane-parallel slab. For each of the listed systems, we have calculated the polymer end density, excess grand potential, and the potential of the depletion forces. On the basis of the obtained results, we have analyzed the effect of the geometric constraints imposed by hard walls on the polymer density structure and the depletion interaction between nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Chervanyov
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li X, Shew CY, Liu Y, Pynn R, Liu E, Herwig KW, Smith GS, Robertson JL, Chen WR. Prospect for characterizing interacting soft colloidal structures using spin-echo small angle neutron scattering. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:094504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3559451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
50
|
Takeda M, Kusano T, Matsunaga T, Endo H, Shibayama M, Shikata T. Rheo-SANS studies on shear-thickening/thinning in aqueous rodlike micellar solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1731-1738. [PMID: 21244071 DOI: 10.1021/la104647u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Shear-induced thickening/thinning phenomena of aqueous rodlike micellar solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium p-toluene sulfonate (NapTS) were investigated by means of simultaneous measurements of rheology and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), the so-called Rheo-SANS. The aqueous CTAB/NapTS solutions were classified into five different categories dependent on their flow behavior and micellar structure. By increasing salt concentration and/or shear rates, the micelles underwent morphological transition from (i) spherical or short rodlike micelles to (ii) long rodlike micelles without entanglements, followed by (iii) those with entanglements. These transitions were recognized as changes in flow behavior from Newtonian to shear-thickening and shear-thinning flow, respectively. In the latter two cases, anisotropic SANS patterns appeared around these critical shear rates. The physical meaning of the anisotropic SANS patterns accompanied by shear-thickening flow behavior is discussed in conjunction with other shear-thickening systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Takeda
- Neutron Science Laboratory, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|