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Sloupenska K, Koubkova B, Horak P, Dolezilkova J, Hutyrova B, Racansky M, Miklusova M, Mares J, Raska M, Krupka M. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of different morphological forms of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4014. [PMID: 38369537 PMCID: PMC10874929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a species complex of pleomorphic spirochetes, including species that cause Lyme disease (LD) in humans. In addition to classic spiral forms, these bacteria are capable of creating morphological forms referred to as round bodies and aggregates. The subject of discussion is their possible contribution to the persistence of infection or post-infection symptoms in LD. This study investigates the immunological properties of these forms by monitoring reactivity with early (n = 30) and late stage (n = 30) LD patient sera and evaluating the immune response induced by vaccination of mice. In patient sera, we found a quantitative difference in reactivity with individual morphotypes, when aggregates were recognized most intensively, but the difference was statistically significant in only half of the tested strains. In post-vaccination mouse sera, we observed a statistically significant higher reactivity with antigens p83 and p25 (OspC) in mice vaccinated with aggregates compared to mice vaccinated with spiral forms. The importance of the particulate nature of the antigen for the induction of a Th1-directed response has also been demonstrated. In any of morphological forms, the possibility of inducing antibodies cross-reacting with human nuclear and myositis specific/associated autoantigens was not confirmed by vaccination of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Sloupenska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Koubkova
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 248/7, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horak
- Third Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 248/7, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Third Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dolezilkova
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology and Zoology, Public Health Institute Ostrava, Partyzanske Namesti 2633/7, Moravska Ostrava, 702 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Beata Hutyrova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 248/7, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmir Racansky
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 248/7, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Miklusova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 248/7, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mares
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 248/7, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Zdravotniku 248/7, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Krupka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Myositis Autoantibodies in Patients with Suspected Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020527. [PMID: 36836887 PMCID: PMC9964525 DOI: 10.3390/life13020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients suffering from Lyme disease are effectively treated with antibiotics. In some patients, however, problems persist for a long time despite appropriate therapy. The term post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) is currently used for this condition in scientific literature. The pathogenesis is still not precisely known, but the involvement of immunopathological mechanisms is assumed. In our study, we analyzed the presence of autoantibodies including myositis-specific (MSA) and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAA) in patients with laboratory proven history of Lyme disease and with clinical symptoms of PTLDS. A total of 59 patients meeting the criteria for PTLDS were enrolled in this study. The control group consisted of 40 patients undergoing differential diagnosis of neurological disorders without clinical and/or laboratory-proven history of Lyme disease. The presence of autoantibodies was determined by immunoblot methods and positive samples were further tested for serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin levels. The presence of myositis autoantibodies was detected in 18 subjects with suspected PTLDS (30.5%), but only in 5% of control subjects exhibiting no evidence of Lyme disease history. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). The subsequent biochemical analysis of muscle-damage markers in positive subjects found a mild elevation in six MSA/MAA-positive PTLDS patients. The study detected raised MSA/MAA autoantibodies formation in the group of PTLDS patients raising the question about their involvement in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
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Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Tick-Borne Pathogens in Czech Patients with Suspected Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112217. [PMID: 34835343 PMCID: PMC8619037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesized importance of coinfections in the pathogenesis of post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) leads to the use of combined, ongoing antimicrobial treatment in many cases despite the absence of symptoms typical of the presence of infection with specific pathogens. Serum samples from 103 patients with suspected post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome were tested for the presence of antibodies to the major tick-borne pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella henselae/Bartonella quinatana, and Babesia microti. Although the presence of anti-Anaplasma antibodies was detected in 12.6% of the samples and anti-Bartonella antibodies in 9.7% of the samples, the presence of antibodies against both pathogens in the same samples or anti-Babesia antibodies in the selected group of patients could not be confirmed. However, we were able to detect autoantibodies, mostly antinuclear, in 11.6% of the patients studied. Our results are in good agreement with previously published studies showing the presence of a wide spectrum of autoantibodies in some patients with complicated forms of Lyme disease and post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome, but they do not reveal a significant influence of co-infections on the development of PTLDS in the studied group of patients.
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[Lyme nephritis in humans: Physio-pathological bases and spectrum of kidney lesions]. Nephrol Ther 2019; 15:127-135. [PMID: 30713068 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Known in less than half a century, borreliosis, or Lyme disease, is a zoonosis caused by the tick bite. It is the most common vector disease in Europe and the United States. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the bacterium in question, is fitted with a "cunning device" that allows it to trick the immune system and implant the infection chronically. It causes multi-system tissue damage mediated by the inflammatory response of the host. Renal involvement is rarely reported and is better known in dogs as Lyme nephritis. The first case of kidney impairment in the human being was described in 1999, and since then eight other cases have been reported. The involvement is preferentially glomerular; the histological forms vary between immune complex nephropathy and podocytopathy. The pathophysiological mechanisms appear to be triple: immune complex deposits, podocytic hyper-expression of the B7-1 membrane protein, and renal infiltration of inflammatory cells. On the basis of the accumulated knowledge of the disease in just over 40 years, this review aims at establishing the physio-pathological hypotheses of renal involvement in order to better define the histological lesions.
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Effenberg R, Turánek Knötigová P, Zyka D, Čelechovská H, Mašek J, Bartheldyová E, Hubatka F, Koudelka Š, Lukáč R, Kovalová A, Šaman D, Křupka M, Barkocziova L, Kosztyu P, Šebela M, Drož L, Hučko M, Kanásová M, Miller AD, Raška M, Ledvina M, Turánek J. Nonpyrogenic Molecular Adjuvants Based on norAbu-Muramyldipeptide and norAbu-Glucosaminyl Muramyldipeptide: Synthesis, Molecular Mechanisms of Action, and Biological Activities in Vitro and in Vivo. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7745-7763. [PMID: 28829599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acyl analogues of muramyldipeptide (MDP) (abbreviated N-L18 norAbuGMDP, N-B30 norAbuGMDP, norAbuMDP-Lys(L18), norAbuMDP-Lys(B30), norAbuGMDP-Lys(L18), norAbuGMDP-Lys(B30), B30 norAbuMDP, L18 norAbuMDP) are designed and synthesized comprising the normuramyl-l-α-aminobutanoyl (norAbu) structural moiety. All new analogues show depressed pyrogenicity in both free (micellar) state and in liposomal formulations when tested in rabbits in vivo (sc and iv application). New analogues are also shown to be selective activators of NOD2 and NLRP3 (inflammasome) in vitro but not NOD1. Potencies of NOD2 and NLRP3 stimulation are found comparable with free MDP and other positive controls. Analogues are also demonstrated to be effective in stimulating cellular proliferation when the sera from mice are injected sc with individual liposome-loaded analogues, causing proliferation of bone marrow-derived GM-progenitors cells. Importantly, vaccination nanoparticles prepared from metallochelation liposomes, His-tagged antigen rOspA from Borrelia burgdorferi, and lipophilic analogue norAbuMDP-Lys(B30) as adjuvant, are shown to provoke OspA-specific antibody responses with a strong Th1-bias (dominance of IgG2a response). In contrast, the adjuvant effects of Alum or parent MDP show a strong Th2-bias (dominance of IgG1 response).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Effenberg
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5,166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Turánek Knötigová
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute vvi , Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Zyka
- APIGENEX s.r.o. , Poděbradská 173/5, Prague 9, 190 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Čelechovská
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute vvi , Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Mašek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute vvi , Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Bartheldyová
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute vvi , Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - František Hubatka
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute vvi , Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Koudelka
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute vvi , Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Lukáč
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute vvi , Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kovalová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR vvi Flemingovo nám 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Šaman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR vvi Flemingovo nám 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Křupka
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Barkocziova
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kosztyu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Šebela
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc , 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Drož
- APIGENEX s.r.o. , Poděbradská 173/5, Prague 9, 190 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hučko
- APIGENEX s.r.o. , Poděbradská 173/5, Prague 9, 190 00, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Kanásová
- APIGENEX s.r.o. , Poděbradská 173/5, Prague 9, 190 00, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute vvi , Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London , London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.,KP Therapeutics Ltd. , Manchester M3 2ER, United Kingdom
| | - Milan Raška
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute vvi , Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ledvina
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5,166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Turánek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute vvi , Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Krupka M, Masek J, Barkocziova L, Turanek Knotigova P, Kulich P, Plockova J, Lukac R, Bartheldyova E, Koudelka S, Chaloupkova R, Sebela M, Zyka D, Droz L, Effenberg R, Ledvina M, Miller AD, Turanek J, Raska M. The Position of His-Tag in Recombinant OspC and Application of Various Adjuvants Affects the Intensity and Quality of Specific Antibody Response after Immunization of Experimental Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148497. [PMID: 26848589 PMCID: PMC4744052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi-caused infection, if not recognized and appropriately treated by antibiotics, may lead to chronic complications, thus stressing the need for protective vaccine development. The immune protection is mediated by phagocytic cells and by Borrelia-specific complement-activating antibodies, associated with the Th1 immune response. Surface antigen OspC is involved in Borrelia spreading through the host body. Previously we reported that recombinant histidine tagged (His-tag) OspC (rOspC) could be attached onto liposome surfaces by metallochelation. Here we report that levels of OspC-specific antibodies vary substantially depending upon whether rOspC possesses an N' or C' terminal His-tag. This is the case in mice immunized: (a) with rOspC proteoliposomes containing adjuvants MPLA or non-pyrogenic MDP analogue MT06; (b) with free rOspC and Montanide PET GEL A; (c) with free rOspC and alum; or (d) with adjuvant-free rOspC. Stronger responses are noted with all N'-terminal His-tag rOspC formulations. OspC-specific Th1-type antibodies predominate post-immunization with rOspC proteoliposomes formulated with MPLA or MT06 adjuvants. Further analyses confirmed that the structural features of soluble N' and C' terminal His-tag rOspC and respective rOspC proteoliposomes are similar including their thermal stabilities at physiological temperatures. On the other hand, a change in the position of the rOspC His-tag from N' to C' terminal appears to affect substantially the immunogenicity of rOspC arguably due to steric hindrance of OspC epitopes by the C' terminal His-tag itself and not due to differences in overall conformations induced by changes in the His-tag position in rOspC variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Krupka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Masek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Barkocziova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavel Kulich
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Plockova
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lukac
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Bartheldyova
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Koudelka
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne´s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Chaloupkova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne´s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sebela
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Roman Effenberg
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ledvina
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, United Kingdom, and GlobalAcorn Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaroslav Turanek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (MR); (JT)
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (MR); (JT)
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Borgermans L, Goderis G, Vandevoorde J, Devroey D. Relevance of chronic lyme disease to family medicine as a complex multidimensional chronic disease construct: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE 2014; 2014:138016. [PMID: 25506429 PMCID: PMC4258916 DOI: 10.1155/2014/138016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lyme disease has become a global public health problem and a prototype of an emerging infection. Both treatment-refractory infection and symptoms that are related to Borrelia burgdorferi infection remain subject to controversy. Because of the absence of solid evidence on prevalence, causes, diagnostic criteria, tools and treatment options, the role of autoimmunity to residual or persisting antigens, and the role of a toxin or other bacterial-associated products that are responsible for the symptoms and signs, chronic Lyme disease (CLD) remains a relatively poorly understood chronic disease construct. The role and performance of family medicine in the detection, integrative treatment, and follow-up of CLD are not well studied either. The purpose of this paper is to describe insights into the complexity of CLD as a multidimensional chronic disease construct and its relevance to family medicine by means of a systematic literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Borgermans
- Department of Family Medicine & Chronic Care, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Goderis
- Department of General Practice and University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Vandevoorde
- Department of Family Medicine & Chronic Care, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Devroey
- Department of Family Medicine & Chronic Care, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Functionalised Nanoliposomes for Construction of Recombinant Vaccines: Lyme Disease as an Example. MOLECULAR VACCINES 2014. [PMCID: PMC7120364 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-00978-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes (phospholipid bilayer vesicles) represent an almost ideal carrier system for the preparation of synthetic vaccines due to their biodegradability and capacity to protect and transport molecules of different physicochemical properties (including size, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, and charge). Liposomal carriers can be applied by invasive (e.g. i.m., s.c., i.d.) as well as non-invasive (transdermal and mucosal) routes. In the last 15 years, liposome vaccine technology has matured and several vaccines containing liposome-based adjuvants have been approved for human and veterinary use or have reached late stages of clinical evaluation. Given the intensifying interest in liposome-based vaccines, it is important to understand precisely how liposomes interact with the immune system and how they stimulate immunity. It has become clear that the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines – method of antigen attachment, lipid composition, bilayer fluidity, particle charge, and other properties – exert strong effects on the resulting immune response. In this chapter we will discuss some aspects of liposomal vaccines including the effect of novel and emerging immunomodulator incorporation. The application of metallochelating nanoliposomes for development of recombinant vaccine against Lyme disease will be presented as a suitable example.
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Sprong H, Docters van Leeuwen A, Fonville M, Harms M, van Vliet AJ, van Pelt W, Ferreira JA, van den Wijngaard CC. Sensitivity of a point of care tick-test for the development of Lyme borreliosis. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:338. [PMID: 24304944 PMCID: PMC4235040 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A commercially available self-test for the detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks was evaluated for its ability to predict erythema migrans formation. Findings The self-test was performed on 127 Ixodes ricinus from 122 humans that reported tick bites at enrolment and occurrence of symptoms during follow-up. The self-test gave negative results on all the 122 individuals, 14 of whom reported erythema migrans (EM) at follow-up of which 10 were confirmed by their GP. The estimated sensitivity of the self-test for prediction of EM formation is 0% (95% CI: 0%-28%). Conclusions This self-test is not suitable for reducing the number needed to treat in a post-exposure prophylaxis setting as it already missed all the obvious early Lyme borreliosis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9 P,O, Box 1 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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10
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Morgan A, Wang X. The novel heparin-binding motif in decorin-binding protein A from strain B31 of Borrelia burgdorferi explains the higher binding affinity. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8237-45. [PMID: 24148022 DOI: 10.1021/bi401376u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Decorin-binding protein A (DBPA), a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding lipoprotein found in Borrelia burgdorferi, is crucial to the transmission of Lyme disease in its earliest stages. Because of its role in the initial transmission of the disease, DBPA is an ideal target for vaccine development. DBPA sequences from different strains also contain considerable heterogeneity, leading to differing affinities for GAGs and proteoglycans among different DBPA sequences. Through biophysical and structural analysis of DBPA from strain B31, we have discovered a novel and important GAG-binding epitope in B31 DBPA. Removal of the epitope greatly attenuated its affinity for DBPA and may explain the differential GAG affinities seen in DBPAs from other strains of B. burgdorferi. Paramagnetic perturbation of the protein with TEMPO-labeled heparin fragments showed bound GAGs are located close to the linker region containing the BXBB motif that plays a significant role in determining the specific affinity and orientation of binding of GAG to DBPA. Thermodynamic contributions of the new motif to GAG binding were also characterized by both nuclear magnetic resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry and compared with those of other DBPA residues previously known to be involved in GAG interactions. These analyses showed the motif is as important as other known binding epitopes. The discovery of the motif offers a possible structural explanation for the previously observed differences in GAG affinities of DBPA variants from different Borrelia strains and improves our understanding of DBPA-GAG interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashli Morgan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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11
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Wang X. Solution structure of decorin-binding protein A from Borrelia burgdorferi. Biochemistry 2012; 51:8353-62. [PMID: 22985470 DOI: 10.1021/bi3007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Decorin-binding protein A (DBPA) is an important lipoprotein from the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. The absence of DBPA drastically reduces the pathogenic potential of the bacterium, and biochemical evidence indicates DBPA's interactions with the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) portion of decorin are crucial to its function. We have determined the solution structure of DBPA and studied DBPA's interactions with various forms of GAGs. DBPA is determined to be a helical bundle protein consisting of five helices held together by a strong hydrophobic core. The structure also possesses a basic patch formed by portions of two helices and two flexible linkers. Low-molecular mass heparin-induced chemical shift perturbations for residues in the region as well as increases in signal intensities of select residues in their presence confirm residues in the pocket are perturbed by heparin binding. Dermatan sulfate fragments, the dominant GAG type found on decorin, were shown to have lower affinity than heparin but are still capable of binding DBPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Křupka M, Mašek J, Bartheldyová E, Turánek Knötigová P, Plocková J, Korvasová Z, Škrabalová M, Koudelka Š, Kulich P, Zachová K, Czerneková L, Strouhal O, Horynová M, Šebela M, Miller AD, Ledvina M, Raška M, Turánek J. Enhancement of immune response towards non-lipidized Borrelia burgdorferi recombinant OspC antigen by binding onto the surface of metallochelating nanoliposomes with entrapped lipophilic derivatives of norAbuMDP. J Control Release 2012; 160:374-81. [PMID: 22387453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease caused by spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is a tick-born illness. If the infection is not eliminated by the host immune system and/or antibiotics, it may further disseminate and cause severe chronic complications. The immune response to Borrelia is mediated by phagocytic cells and by Borrelia-specific complement-activating antibodies associated with Th1 cell activation. A new experimental vaccine was constructed using non-lipidized form of recombinant B. burgdorferi s.s. OspC protein was anchored by metallochelating bond onto the surface of nanoliposomes containing novel nonpyrogenic lipophilized norAbuMDP analogues denoted MT05 and MT06. After i.d. immunization, the experimental vaccines surpassed Alum with respect to OspC-specific titers of IgG2a, IgG2b isotypes when MT06 was used and IgG3, IgM isotypes when MT05 was used. Both adjuvants exerted a high adjuvant effect comparable or better than MDP and proved themselves as nonpyrogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Křupka
- Department of Immunology, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
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