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Chen J, Lou S, Chen H, Zhou B, Sun J, Hou J, Jiang DK. CD55 Variant Associated with Pegylated-interferon α Therapy Response in HBeAg-positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:295-303. [PMID: 36643051 PMCID: PMC9817056 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Only a small percentage of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients effectively respond to treatment with pegylated-interferon alpha (PegIFNα) or nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs). We aimed to detect the correlations of complement regulators-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with treatment response of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB patients. METHODS A total of 1,763 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were enrolled, 894 received PegIFNα for at least 48 weeks and were followed up for 24 weeks, and 869 received NUCs for 104 weeks. For each patient, nine SNPs in genes encoding for complement regulators were determined and genotyped. To assess the cumulative effect of numerous SNPs, a polygenic score (PGS) was utilized. The correlations of SNPs and PGS with the levels of combined response (CR) and hepatitis B s antigen (HBsAg) loss were also investigated. RESULTS In PegIFNα-treated patients, an intronic SNP of CD55, rs28371597, was strongly related to CR, and the CR rate in rs28371597_GG genotype carriers was only approximately half that of rs28371597_GT/TT genotype carriers (20.29% vs. 37.10%, p=2.00 × 10-3). A PGS incorporating CD55_rs28371597 and two additional SNPs, CFB_rs12614 and STAT4_rs7574865, which had been considered as predictors for PegIFNα treatment response before, was strongly correlated with the levels of CR (p-trend=7.94×10-6) and HBsAg loss (p-trend=9.40×10-3) in PegIFNα-treated patients. In NUCs-treated individuals, however, none of the nine SNPs were shown to be significantly linked to CHB treatment response. CONCLUSIONS CD55_rs28371597 is a promising biomarker for predicting CHB patients' responsiveness to PegIFNα therapy. The updated PGS may be used for optimizing CHB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (Hepatic Diseases) of Guangxi, Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - De-Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (Hepatic Diseases) of Guangxi, Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Correspondence to: De-Ke Jiang, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7888-2344. Tel/Fax: +86-20-62786533, E-mail:
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Complement and Fungal Dysbiosis as Prognostic Markers and Potential Targets in PDAC Treatment. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9833-9854. [PMID: 36547187 PMCID: PMC9777542 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still hampered by a dismal prognosis. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment within the pancreas and of the factors affecting its composition is of utmost importance for developing new diagnostic and treatment tools. In this context, the complement system plays a prominent role. Not only has it been shown to shape a T cell-mediated immune response, but it also directly affects proliferation and apoptosis of the tumor cells, influencing angiogenesis, metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance. This makes complement proteins appealing not only as early biomarkers of PDAC development, but also as therapeutic targets. Fungal dysbiosis is currently the new kid on the block in tumorigenesis with cancer-associated mycobiomes extracted from several cancer types. For PDAC, colonization with the yeast Malassezia seems to promote cancer progression, already in precursor lesions. One responsible mechanism appears to be complement activation via the lectin pathway. In the present article, we review the role of the complement system in tumorigenesis, presenting observations that propose it as the missing link between fungal dysbiosis and PDAC development. We also present the results of a small pilot study supporting the crucial interplay between the complement system and Malassezia colonization in PDAC pathogenesis.
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Pandey SK, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Chalifa-Caspi V, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Non-apoptotic activity of the mitochondrial protein SMAC/Diablo in lung cancer: Novel target to disrupt survival, inflammation, and immunosuppression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:992260. [PMID: 36185255 PMCID: PMC9515501 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.992260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial SMAC/Diablo induces apoptosis by binding the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), thereby activating caspases and, subsequently, apoptosis. Previously, we found that despite its pro-apoptotic activity, SMAC/Diablo is overexpressed in cancer, and demonstrated that in cancer it possesses new essential and non-apoptotic functions that are associated with regulating phospholipid synthesis including modulating mitochondrial phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity. Here, we demonstrate additional functions for SMAC/Diablo associated with inflammation and immunity. CRISPR/Cas9 SMAC/Diablo-depleted A549 lung cancer cells displayed inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Proteomics analysis of these cells revealed altered expression of proteins associated with lipids synthesis and signaling, vesicular transport and trafficking, metabolism, epigenetics, the extracellular matrix, cell signaling, and neutrophil-mediated immunity. SMAC-KO A549 cell-showed inhibited tumor growth and proliferation and activated apoptosis. The small SMAC-depleted “tumor” showed a morphology of alveoli-like structures, reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and altered tumor microenvironment. The SMAC-lacking tumor showed reduced expression of inflammation-related proteins such as NF-kB and TNF-α, and of the PD-L1, associated with immune system suppression. These results suggest that SMAC is involved in multiple processes that are essential for tumor growth and progression. Thus, targeting SMAC’s non-canonical function is a potential strategy to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Kumar Pandey
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Varda Shoshan-Barmatz,
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4
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Talaat IM, Elemam NM, Saber-Ayad M. Complement System: An Immunotherapy Target in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810993. [PMID: 35173724 PMCID: PMC8841337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor and the second most fatal cancer worldwide. Several parts of the immune system contribute to fighting cancer including the innate complement system. The complement system is composed of several players, namely component molecules, regulators and receptors. In this review, we discuss the complement system activation in cancer specifically CRC and highlight the possible interactions between the complement system and the various TME components. Additionally, the role of the complement system in tumor immunity of CRC is reviewed. Hence, such work could provide a framework for researchers to further understand the role of the complement system in CRC and explore the potential therapies targeting complement activation in solid tumors such as CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Talaat
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Noha Mousaad Elemam, ; Maha Saber-Ayad,
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Noha Mousaad Elemam, ; Maha Saber-Ayad,
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O’Brien RM, Cannon A, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J, Lynam-Lennon N. Complement in Tumourigenesis and the Response to Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061209. [PMID: 33802004 PMCID: PMC7998562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our knowledge of the complement system beyond innate immunity has progressed significantly. A modern understanding is that the complement system has a multifaceted role in malignancy, impacting carcinogenesis, the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype and response to therapies. The ability of local immune cells to produce and respond to complement components has provided valuable insights into their regulation, and the subsequent remodeling of the tumour microenvironment. These novel discoveries have advanced our understanding of the immunosuppressive mechanisms supporting tumour growth and uncovered potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current understanding of complement in cancer, outlining both direct and immune cell-mediated roles. The role of complement in response to therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy is also presented. While complement activities are largely context and cancer type-dependent, it is evident that promising therapeutic avenues have been identified, in particular in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. O’Brien
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Aoife Cannon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Shen M, Xu M, Zhong F, Crist MC, Prior AB, Yang K, Allaire DM, Choueiry F, Zhu J, Shi H. A Multi-Omics Study Revealing the Metabolic Effects of Estrogen in Liver Cancer Cells HepG2. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020455. [PMID: 33672651 PMCID: PMC7924215 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is triggered by metabolic defects is one of the most malignant liver cancers. A much higher incidence of HCC among men than women suggests the protective roles of estrogen in HCC development and progression. To begin to understand the mechanisms involving estrogenic metabolic effects, we compared cell number, viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis among HCC-derived HepG2 cells that were treated with different concentrations of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) that blocks glucose metabolism, oxamate that inhibits lactate dehydrogenase and glycolysis, or oligomycin that blocks ATP synthesis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We confirmed that HepG2 cells primarily utilized glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, instead of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, for cell growth. We hypothesized that estrogen altered energy metabolism via its receptors to carry out its anticancer effects in HepG2 cells. We treated cells with 17β-estradiol (E2), 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT) an estrogen receptor (ER) α (ERα) agonist, or 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN), an ERβ agonist. We then used transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and identified differentially expressed genes and unique metabolite fingerprints that are produced by each treatment. We further performed integrated multi-omics analysis, and identified key genes and metabolites in the gene–metabolite interaction contributed by E2 and ER agonists. This integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic study suggested that estrogen acts on estrogen receptors to suppress liver cancer cell growth via altering metabolism. This is the first exploratory study that comprehensively investigated estrogen and its receptors, and their roles in regulating gene expression, metabolites, metabolic pathways, and gene–metabolite interaction in HCC cells using bioinformatic tools. Overall, this study provides potential therapeutic targets for future HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (F.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Fanyi Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (F.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - McKenzie C. Crist
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Anjali B. Prior
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Kundi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (F.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Danielle M. Allaire
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (H.S.); Tel.: +1-614-685-2226 (J.Z.); +1-513-529-3162 (H.S.)
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.S.); (M.X.); (M.C.C.); (A.B.P.); (D.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (H.S.); Tel.: +1-614-685-2226 (J.Z.); +1-513-529-3162 (H.S.)
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Anticancer Effects of Emodin on HepG2 Cell: Evidence from Bioinformatic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3065818. [PMID: 31236404 PMCID: PMC6545785 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3065818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary cause of cancer-related death in the world. Despite the fact that there are many methods to treat HCC, the 5-year survival rate of HCC is still at a low level. Emodin can inhibit the growth of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the gene regulation of emodin in HCC has not been well studied. In our research, RNA sequencing technology was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HepG2 cells induced by emodin. A total of 859 DEGs were identified, including 712 downregulated genes and 147 upregulated genes in HepG2 cells treated with emodin. We used DAVID for function and pathway enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING, and Cytoscape was used for module analysis. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs include positive regulation of apoptotic process, structural molecule activity and lipopolysaccharide binding, protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, and MAPK signaling pathway. 25 hub genes were identified and pathway analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in neuropeptide signaling pathway, inflammatory response, and positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration. Survival analysis showed that LPAR6, C5, SSTR5, GPR68, and P2RY4 may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of emodin therapy for HCC. A quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay showed that the mRNA levels of LPAR6, C5, SSTR5, GPR68, and P2RY4 were significantly decreased in HepG2 cells treated with emodin. In conclusion, the identified DEGs and hub genes in the present study provide new clues for further researches on the molecular mechanisms of emodin.
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Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Pio R, Lecanda F. Complement in Metastasis: A Comp in the Camp. Front Immunol 2019; 10:669. [PMID: 31001273 PMCID: PMC6457318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system represents a pillar of the innate immune response. This system, critical for host defense against pathogens, encompasses more than 50 soluble, and membrane-bound proteins. Emerging evidence underscores its clinical relevance in tumor progression and its role in metastasis, one of the hallmarks of cancer. The multistep process of metastasis entails the acquisition of advantageous functions required for the formation of secondary tumors. Thus, targeting components of the complement system could impact not only on tumor initiation but also on several crucial steps along tumor dissemination. This novel vulnerability could be concomitantly exploited with current strategies overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression to provide a substantial clinical benefit in the treatment of metastatic disease. In this review, we offer a tour d'horizon on recent advances in this area and their prospective potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Zhao P, Wu J, Lu F, Peng X, Liu C, Zhou N, Ying M. The imbalance in the complement system and its possible physiological mechanisms in patients with lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:201. [PMID: 30841875 PMCID: PMC6404310 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical and experimental evidences for complement-cancer relationships are solid, whereas an epidemiological study reporting the imbalance of complement system in patients is still lacking. METHODS Using publicly available databases, we jointly compared the levels of complement components in plasma and lung cancer tissues. With iTRAQ proteomics, quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting, we analysed the differences in complement levels in lung cancer tissues and normal control tissues. Complement components are mainly synthesized by the liver and secreted into the blood. Using paired co-cultures of human normal QSG-7701 hepatocytes with lung cancer cells (A549, LTEP-α-2 or NCI-H1703) or human normal bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, we examined the effects of lung cancer cells on complement synthesis and secretion in QSG-7701 hepatocytes. RESULTS An integrated analysis of transcriptome and proteome datasets from 43 previous studies revealed lower mRNA and protein levels of 25 complement and complement-related components in lung cancer tissues than those in normal control tissues; conversely, higher levels of complement proteins were detected in plasma from patients than those in healthy subjects. Our iTRAQ proteome study identified decreased and increased levels of 31 and 2 complement and complement-related proteins, respectively, in lung cancer tissues, of which the reduced levels of 10 components were further confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Paired co-cultures of QSG-7701 hepatocytes with A549, LTEP-α-2, NCI-H1703 or HBE cells indicated that lung cancer cells increased complement synthesis and secretion in QSG-7701 cells compared to HBE cells. CONCLUSIONS The opposite associations between the levels of complement and complement-related components in lung cancer tissues and plasma from patients that have been repeatedly reported by independent publications may indicate the prevalence of an imbalance in the complement system of lung cancer patients. The possible mechanism of the imbalance may be associated not only with the decreased complement levels in lung cancer tissues but also the concurrent lung cancer tissue-induced increase in hepatocyte complement synthesis and plasma secretion in patients. And the imbalance should be accompanied by a suppression of complement-dependent immunity in lung cancer tissues coupled with a burden of complement immunity in the circulation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiteng Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenlin Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanjin Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Bayi Road 603, Nanchang, 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Muying Ying
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Bayi Road 603, Nanchang, 330006 People’s Republic of China
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Development of a radionuclide-labeled monoclonal anti-CD55 antibody with theranostic potential in pleural metastatic lung cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8960. [PMID: 29895866 PMCID: PMC5997699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Decay-accelerating factor (CD55 or DAF) inhibits complement-dependent cytotoxicity. We determined that CD55 is overexpressed in 76.47% of human non-small cell lung cancer tissue specimens. We therefore developed a lutetium-177-labeled chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD55. CD55-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) was selected from a naïve chicken scFv phage-display library, converted to IgG, and radiolabeled with lutetium-177 to generate a 177Lu-anti-CD55 antibody. We then charaterized the biodistribution of this antibody in a mouse model of pleural metastatic lung cancer. The 177Lu-anti-CD55 antibody was primarily retained in tumor tissue rather than normal tissue. Treatment of the mice with 177Lu-anti-CD55 reduced the growth of lung tumors and improved median survival in vivo by two-fold compared to controls. Finally, 177Lu-anti-CD55 also enhanced the antitumor activity of cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest 177Lu-anti-CD55 antibody is a promising theranostic agent for pleural metastatic lung cancer.
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Bareke H, Akbuga J. Complement system's role in cancer and its therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12672. [PMID: 29734524 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a strong candidate for the long-awaited new edition to standard cancer therapies. For an effective immunotherapy, it is imperative to delineate the players of antitumour immune response. As an important innate immune system effector mechanism, complement is highly likely to play a substantial role in cancer immunity. Studies suggest that there may be two different "states of complement" that show opposing effects on cancer cells; a complement profile that has antitumour effects with low expression of membrane-bound complement regulator proteins (mCRPs), lytic membrane attack complex (MAC) concentration and moderate C5a concentration, and a complement profile that has protumour effects with high expression of mCRPs, sublytic MAC and high concentrations of C5a. One of the cancers that urgently require innovative therapeutic approaches is ovarian cancer, and complement has a potential to be a good target for this purpose. A combinatorial approach where the complement cascade is fine-tuned by inhibiting some of its activities while promoting the others can prove to be a fruitful approach. Herein, we will briefly discuss the cancer-immune system interaction and then present a discussion of complement system's role in tumour immunity and its therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bareke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - J Akbuga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Turkey
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12
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Schorch B, Heni H, Zahaf NI, Brummer T, Mione M, Schmidt G, Papatheodorou P, Aktories K. Targeting oncogenic Ras by the Clostridium perfringens toxin TpeL. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16489-16500. [PMID: 29662661 PMCID: PMC5893256 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens toxin TpeL belongs to the family of large clostridial glycosylating toxins. The toxin causes N-acetylglucosaminylation of Ras proteins at threonine35 thereby inactivating the small GTPases. Here, we show that all main types of oncogenic Ras proteins (H-Ras, K-Ras and N-Ras) are modified by the toxin in vitro and in vivo. Toxin-catalyzed modification of Ras was accompanied by inhibition of the MAP kinase pathway. Importantly, TpeL inhibited the paradoxical activation of the MAP kinase pathway induced by the BRAF inhibitor Vemurafenib in the human melanoma cell line SBCL2. The toxin also blocked Ras signaling in a zebrafish embryo model expressing oncogenic H-RasG12V, resulting in a reduction of melanocyte number. By using the binding and translocation component of anthrax toxin (protective antigen), the glucosyltransferase domain of TpeL was effectively introduced into target cells that were not sensitive to native TpeL toxin. To reach a higher specificity towards cancer cells, a chimeric TpeL toxin was engineered that possessed the knob region of adenovirus serotype 35 fiber, which interacts with CD46 of target cells frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. The chimeric TpeL fusion toxin efficiently inhibited Ras and MAP kinases in human pancreatic cancer Capan-2 cells, which were insensitive to the wild-type toxin. The data reveal that TpeL and TpeL-related immunotoxins provide a new toolset as Ras-inactivating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Schorch
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Heni
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nour-Imene Zahaf
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin und Zellforschung, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marina Mione
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggestein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Present Address: Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gudula Schmidt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Papatheodorou
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Present Address: Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Present Address: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Aktories
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Dho SH, Lim JC, Kim LK. Beyond the Role of CD55 as a Complement Component. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e11. [PMID: 29503741 PMCID: PMC5833118 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement is a part of the immune system that plays several roles in removing pathogens. Despite the importance of the complement system, the exact role of each component has been overlooked because the complement system was thought to be a nonspecific humoral immune mechanism that worked against pathogens. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF or CD55) is a known inhibitor of the complement system and has recently attracted substantial attention due to its role in various diseases, such as cancer, protein-losing enteropathy, and malaria. Some protein-losing enteropathy cases are caused by CD55 deficiency, which leads to complement hyperactivation, malabsorption, and angiopathic thrombosis. In addition, CD55 has been reported to be an essential host receptor for infection by the malaria parasite. Moreover, CD55 is a ligand of the seven-span transmembrane receptor CD97. Since CD55 is present in various cells, the functional role of CD55 has been expanded by showing that CD55 is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, malaria, protein-losing enteropathy, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of CD55 and the role of CD55 in these diseases. It also provides insight into the development of novel drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with CD55.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Dho
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea
| | - Jae Cheong Lim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project to Medical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
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14
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Bayly-Jones C, Bubeck D, Dunstone MA. The mystery behind membrane insertion: a review of the complement membrane attack complex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160221. [PMID: 28630159 PMCID: PMC5483522 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane attack complex (MAC) is an important innate immune effector of the complement terminal pathway that forms cytotoxic pores on the surface of microbes. Despite many years of research, MAC structure and mechanism of action have remained elusive, relying heavily on modelling and inference from biochemical experiments. Recent advances in structural biology, specifically cryo-electron microscopy, have provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of MAC assembly. Its unique 'split-washer' shape, coupled with an irregular giant β-barrel architecture, enable an atypical mechanism of hole punching and represent a novel system for which to study pore formation. This review will introduce the complement terminal pathway that leads to formation of the MAC. Moreover, it will discuss how structures of the pore and component proteins underpin a mechanism for MAC function, modulation and inhibition.This article is part of the themed issue 'Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bayly-Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW2 7AZ, UK
| | - Michelle A Dunstone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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15
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Tsai AK, Khan AY, Worgo CE, Wang LL, Liang Y, Davila E. A Multikinase and DNA-PK Inhibitor Combination Immunomodulates Melanomas, Suppresses Tumor Progression, and Enhances Immunotherapies. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:790-803. [PMID: 28775208 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapies have the potential to improve outcomes in melanoma patients but have not yet been clinically efficacious. Here, we used high-throughput flow cytometry-based screening to identify and characterize candidate therapies that might synergize with and augment T-cell immunotherapy efficacy. Two lead therapies, regorafenib (Reg) and NU7441, were selected based on their ability to alter a variety of immunomodulatory proteins, including CD55, CD73, CD155, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), and HLA class I in a heterogeneous panel of melanomas. The therapies also upregulated several melanoma antigens, inhibited proliferation, and perturbed activation of oncogenic signaling pathways in melanomas. T cells treated with the therapies proliferated normally and exhibited a favorably altered phenotype, including increased CD25, CD28, inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS), and reduced expression of coinhibitory receptors. Cytokine production was also increased in treated T cells. When administered in mice, REg suppressed melanoma progression in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner when used alone and with various immunotherapies. Additionally, Reg altered the number, phenotype, and function of various T-cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment. These studies reveal that Reg and NU7441 influence the immunobiology of both tumor cells and T cells and enhance the efficacy of various immunotherapies. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(9); 790-803. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Tsai
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Asra Y Khan
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christina E Worgo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lucy L Wang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eduardo Davila
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Liao JH, Li CC, Wu SH, Fan JW, Gu HT, Wang ZW. Gene Variations of Sixth Complement Component Affecting Tacrolimus Metabolism in Patients with Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:1670-1676. [PMID: 28685716 PMCID: PMC5520553 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.209886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) improves the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, the complement system is a powerful immune effector that can affect liver function and process of liver cirrhosis. However, studies correlating the complement system with tacrolimus metabolism after OLT are scarce. In this study, the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the sixth complement component (C6) in tacrolimus metabolism was investigated during the early stages of liver transplantation. METHODS The study enrolled 135 adult patients treated with OLT for HCC between August 2011 and October 2013. Ten SNPs in C6 gene and rs776746 in cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) gene were investigated. The tacrolimus levels were monitored daily during 4 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS Both donor and recipient CYP3A5 rs776746 allele A were correlated with decreased concentration/dose (C/D) ratios. Recipient C6 rs9200 allele G and donor C6 rs10052999 homozygotes were correlated with lower C/D ratios. Recipient CYP3A5 rs776746 allele A (yielded median tacrolimus C/D ratios of 225.90 at week 1 and 123.61 at week 2), C6 rs9200 allele G (exhibited median tacrolimus C/D ratios of 211.31 at week 1, 110.23 at week 2, and 99.88 at week 3), and donor CYP3A5 rs776746 allele A (exhibited median C/D ratios of 210.82 at week 1, 111.06 at week 2, 77.49 at week 3, and 85.60 at week 4) and C6 rs10052999 homozygote (exhibited median C/D ratios of 167.59 at week 2, 157.99 at week 3, and 155.36 at week 4) were associated with rapid tacrolimus metabolism. With increasing number of these alleles, patients were found to have lower tacrolimus C/D ratios at various time points during the 4 weeks after transplantation. In multiple linear regression analysis, recipient C6 rs9200 group (AA vs. GG/GA) was found to be related to tacrolimus metabolism at weeks 1, 2, and 3 (P = 0.005, P = 0.045, and P = 0.033, respectively), whereas donor C6 rs10052999 group (CC/TT vs. TC) was demonstrated to be correlated with tacrolimus metabolism only at week 4 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Recipient C6 gene rs9200 polymorphism and donor C6 gene rs10052999 polymorphism are new genetic loci that affect tacrolimus metabolism in patients with HCC after OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chang-Can Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shao-Han Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jun-Wei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hai-Tao Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhao-Wen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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17
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Lee WK, Lee SY, Choi JE, Seok Y, Lee EB, Lee HC, Kang HG, Yoo SS, Lee MH, Cho S, Jheon S, Kim YC, Oh IJ, Na KJ, Jung CY, Park CK, Kim MH, Lee MK, Park JY. Development of a prognosis-prediction model incorporating genetic polymorphism with pathologic stage in stage I non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter study. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:251-259. [PMID: 28371058 PMCID: PMC5415483 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This multicenter study was performed to develop a prognosis‐prediction model incorporating genetic polymorphism with pathologic stage for surgically treated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods A replication study including 720 patients and a panel of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which predicted the prognosis of surgically treated NSCLC in our previous study, was conducted. Using the combined cohort of current and previous studies including 1534 patients, a nomogram for predicting overall survival was made using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Among the eight SNPs, C3 rs2287845, GNB2L1 (alias RACK1), and rs3756585 were significantly associated with overall survival. A nomogram was constructed based on pathologic stage and the genotypes of the two SNPs, and the risk score was calculated for each patient in the combined cohort. Using the prognosis‐prediction model, we categorized patients into low, intermediate, and high‐risk groups, which had greater accuracy in predictive ability (log‐rank statistics = 54.66) than the conventional tumor node metastasis staging (log‐rank statistics = 39.56). Next, we generated a prognosis‐prediction model for stage I to identify a subgroup of potential candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. Notably, 97 out of 499 stage IB patients were classified as high‐risk patients with a similar prognosis to stage II patients, suggesting the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions This prognosis‐prediction model incorporating genetic polymorphism with pathologic stage may lead to more precise prognostication in surgically resected NSCLC patients. In particular, this model may be useful in selecting a subgroup of stage IB patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kee Lee
- Biostatistics Medical Research Collaboration Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital and Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yangki Seok
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Lee
- Diagnosis and Prediction Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Lee
- Diagnosis and Prediction Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - In Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Kook Joo Na
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Chi Young Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kwon Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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18
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Sun Y, Zhang W, Chen Y, Ma Q, Wei J, Liu Q. Identifying anti-cancer drug response related genes using an integrative analysis of transcriptomic and genomic variations with cell line-based drug perturbations. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9404-19. [PMID: 26824188 PMCID: PMC4891048 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical responses to anti-cancer therapies often only benefit a defined subset of patients. Predicting the best treatment strategy hinges on our ability to effectively translate genomic data into actionable information on drug responses. Results To achieve this goal, we compiled a comprehensive collection of baseline cancer genome data and drug response information derived from a large panel of cancer cell lines. This data set was applied to identify the signature genes relevant to drug sensitivity and their resistance by integrating CNVs and the gene expression of cell lines with in vitro drug responses. We presented an efficient in-silico pipeline for integrating heterogeneous cell line data sources with the simultaneous modeling of drug response values across all the drugs and cell lines. Potential signature genes correlated with drug response (sensitive or resistant) in different cancer types were identified. Using signature genes, our collaborative filtering-based drug response prediction model outperformed the 44 algorithms submitted to the DREAM competition on breast cancer cells. The functions of the identified drug response related signature genes were carefully analyzed at the pathway level and the synthetic lethality level. Furthermore, we validated these signature genes by applying them to the classification of the different subtypes of the TCGA tumor samples, and further uncovered their in vivo implications using clinical patient data. Conclusions Our work may have promise in translating genomic data into customized marker genes relevant to the response of specific drugs for a specific cancer type of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqin Chen
- R & D Information, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jia Wei
- R & D Information, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Madabhavi I, Patel A, Anand A, Panchal H, Parikh S. Central retinal artery occlusion, an early sign of crizotinib resistance in an alk positive adenocarcinoma of lung: A rare case report. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2016; 12:806-810. [PMID: 27606884 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
About 4% of non-small-cell lung carcinomas involve an EML4-ALK tyrosine kinase fusion gene and occur almost absolutely in carcinomas arising in non-smokers. Crizotinib, the first inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1 and c-Met receptor kinase, has been used in the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Side effects of crizotinib mostly consist of grade 1-2 gastrointestinal events (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation), grade 1-2 edema and fatigue; grade 1 visual disorders, rare cases of elevated liver enzymes and pneumonitis. We are presenting a case of adenocarcinoma of lung, who progressed on first-line chemotherapy and received crizotinib as second line therapy for 9 months. Patient has very good partial response to crizotinib and had some side effects of crizotinib like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, asthenia and anorexia, asymptomatic transaminitis in the first 2 to 3 weeks of therapy and managed symptomatically. But after 9 months, he developed sudden onset left sided vision loss. On fundoscopic examination he was found to have "cherry red spot" and fundus flourescein angiography revealed central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). After 15 days of vision loss patient developed pleural effusion, and pleural fluid cytology was positive for malignant cells. Visual symptoms are very well known in the literature as side effects of crizotinib, but CRAO is not yet been documented. As this patient is not having any prothrombotic state like diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperhomocysteinemia or any genetic disorders except malignancy. Hypercoagulability disorders are known to be commonly associated with a variety of cancer types including lung cancer. This appears to be a sign of early crizotinib resistance in this patient because there was no history of prior hypercoagulable state. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report in the world literature, as CRAO presenting as a sign of crizotinib resistance in an adenocarcinoma of lung patient who was on crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irappa Madabhavi
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology, GCRI, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Apurva Patel
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology, GCRI, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Asha Anand
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology, GCRI, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Harsha Panchal
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology, GCRI, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonia Parikh
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology, GCRI, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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20
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Keizer MP, Kamp AM, Aarts C, Geisler J, Caron HN, van de Wetering MD, Wouters D, Kuijpers TW. The High Prevalence of Functional Complement Defects Induced by Chemotherapy. Front Immunol 2016; 7:420. [PMID: 27799929 PMCID: PMC5066094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To date, oncology patients are more dependent on non-cellular host defense against pathogens due to intensive (chemo)therapy-related bone marrow suppression. Since data on complement functionality in oncology patients are limited, we aimed to investigate the innate complement function in relation to the type of malignancy and therapy in a longitudinal cohort of patients. Methods A large single-center, prospective non-intervention study was conducted, in which blood samples were taken from patients before, during, and after treatment with chemotherapy and/or subsequent admittance for (febrile) neutropenia. Results/findings Analysis of 48 patients showed a high percentage of defects in complement activity of the alternative pathway (19.1%), the classical pathway (4.3%), or both (42.6%). Post hoc analysis of six different treatment protocols with more than three patients each showed distinct effects of specific therapies. Whereas patients treated according to the Ewing, EpSSG-rhabdomyosarcoma, or SIOP CNS germ cell tumor protocol showed no defects, patients treated according to the ALL-11 (leukemia), the EURAMOS I (osteosarcoma), or the ACNS (medulloblastoma) protocols showed an almost universal reduction in complement function. Although we could not explain the reduced complement functionality under all conditions, a strong effect was observed following high-dose methotrexate or ifosfamide. Conclusion Acquired complement defects were commonly observed in more than 50% of oncology patients, some of which associated with certain chemotherapeutic drugs. Additional studies are needed to determine the clinical and therapeutic context of complement defects and their possible effect on treatment outcome or the increased risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa P Keizer
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC, Department of Immunopathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center (AMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angela M Kamp
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC, Department of Immunopathology, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Cathelijn Aarts
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC, Department of Immunopathology, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Judy Geisler
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC, Department of Blood Cell Research, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Huib N Caron
- Academic Medical Center (AMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Marianne D van de Wetering
- Academic Medical Center (AMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Diana Wouters
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC, Department of Immunopathology, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Academic Medical Center (AMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC, Department of Blood Cell Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Wang Z, Liao J, Wu S, Li C, Fan J, Peng Z. Recipient C6 rs9200 genotype is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation in a Han Chinese population. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:157-61. [PMID: 27173880 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence is one of the leading causes of death after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The sixth complement component (C6) is a late-acting complement protein that participates in the assembly of the membrane attack complex, which has an indispensable role in innate and acquired immune responses, as well as cancer immune surveillance. However, studies assessing the association between C6 and HCC recurrence after OLT are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association of donor and recipient C6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with the risk for HCC recurrence after OLT. A total of 71 adult patients who underwent primary LT for HCC were enrolled. HCC recurrence was observed in 26 (36.6%) patients. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped and analyzed in both donor and recipient groups. Patients with the rs9200 heterozygous GA variant presented significantly higher HCC recurrence rates (54.17 vs 27.66%, P=0.028), and lower cumulative tumor-free survival and overall survival (P=0.006 and P=0.013, respectively) compared with those harboring the GG/AA genotype, in multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression analyses. The rs9200 heterozygous GA variant in C6 persisted as a statistically independent prognostic factor (P<0.05) for predicting HCC recurrence after OLT. In conclusion, recipient C6 rs9200 polymorphism is associated with HCC recurrence after OLT, and improves the predictive value of clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - C Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Cimmino F, Avitabile M, Pezone L, Scalia G, Montanaro D, Andreozzi M, Terracciano L, Iolascon A, Capasso M. CD55 is a HIF-2α marker with anti-adhesive and pro-invading properties in neuroblastoma. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e212. [PMID: 27043658 PMCID: PMC4848835 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD55 has been revealed to have an important role in tumor genesis, and presence of small populations of cells with strong CD55 expression would be sufficient to predict poor prognosis of several tumors. In our study we revealed that CD55 is a novel target of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-2α in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. We show that HIF-2α expression is sufficient to sustain stem-like features of NB cells, whereas CD55 protein upon HIF-2α expression contributes to growth of colonies and to invasion of cells, but not to stemness features. Interestingly, in NB tissues, CD55 expression is limited to quite a small population of cells that are HIF-2α positive, and the gene expression of CD55 in the NB data set reveals that the presence of CD55(high) affects prognosis of NB patients. The functional characterization of CD55-positive populations within heterogeneous NB monoclonal cell lines shows that CD55 has pro-invading and anti-adhesive properties that might provide the basis for the ability of solid tumors to survive as microscopic residual disease. The easy accessibility to CD55 membrane antigen will offer the possibility of a novel antibody approach in the treatment of recurrent tumors and will provide a ready target for antibody-based visualization in NB diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - M Avitabile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - L Pezone
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Scalia
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - D Montanaro
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - M Andreozzi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - M Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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23
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Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA. Cytotoxic mechanisms of immunotherapy: Harnessing complement in the action of anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:309-16. [PMID: 27009480 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several mAbs that have been approved for the treatment of cancer make use of complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to eliminate tumor cells. Comprehensive investigations, based on in vitro studies, mouse models and analyses of patient blood samples after mAb treatment have provided key insights into the details of individual steps in the CDC reaction. Based on the lessons learned from these studies, new and innovative approaches are now being developed to increase the clinical efficacy of next generation mAbs with respect to CDC. These improvements include engineering changes in the mAbs to enhance their ability to activate complement. In addition, mAb dosing paradigms are being developed that take into account the capacity as well as the limitations of the complement system to eliminate a substantial burden of mAb-opsonized cells. Over the next few years it is likely these approaches will lead to mAbs that are far more effective in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States.
| | - Margaret A Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
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24
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Choi YY, Lee SY, Lee WK, Jeon HS, Lee EB, Lee HC, Choi JE, Kang HG, Lee EJ, Bae EY, Yoo SS, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kim IS, Lee MH, Kim YT, Jheon S, Park JY. RACK1 is a candidate gene associated with the prognosis of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4451-66. [PMID: 25686824 PMCID: PMC4414203 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with the prognosis of patients with early stage NSCLC. Materials and Methods We genotyped 1,969 potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 1,151 genes involved in carcinogenesis in 166 NSCLC patients who underwent curative surgery, using the Affymetrix custom-made GeneChip. A replication study was performed in an independent cohort of 626 patients. Results Fifty six SNPs which were associated with both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) with log-rank P values < 0.05 in discovery set were selected for validation. Among those, five SNPs (RACK1 rs1279736C>A and rs3756585T>G, C3 rs2287845T>C, PCAF rs17006625A>G, and PCM1 rs17691523C>G) were found to be significantly associated with survival in the same direction as the discovery set. In combined analysis, the rs1279736C>A and rs3756585T>G were most significantly associated with OS and DFS in multivariate analysis (P for OS = 4 × 10−5 and 7 × 10−5, respectively; and P for DFS = 0.003, both; under codominant model). In vitro promoter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the rs3756585 T-to-G change increased promoter activity and transcription factor binding of RACK1. Conclusions We identified five SNPs, especially RACK1 rs3756585T>G, as markers for prognosis of patients with surgically resected NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Young Choi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Biostatistics Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sung Jeon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Lee
- Diagnosis and Prediction Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Bae
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Lee
- Diagnosis and Prediction Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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25
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Mamidi S, Höne S, Kirschfink M. The complement system in cancer: Ambivalence between tumour destruction and promotion. Immunobiology 2015; 222:45-54. [PMID: 26686908 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Constituting a part of the innate immune system, the complement system consists of over 50 proteins either acting as part of a 3-branch activation cascade, a well-differentiated regulatory system in fluid phase or on each tissue, or as receptors translating the activation signal to multiple cellular effector functions. Complement serves as first line of defence against infections from bacteria, viruses and parasites by orchestrating the immune response through opsonisation, recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection and direct cell lysis. Complement is generally recognised as a protective mechanism against the formation of tumours in humans, but is often limited by various resistance mechanisms interfering with its cytotoxic action, now considered as a great barrier of successful antibody-based immunotherapy. However, recent studies also indicate a pro-tumourigenic potential of complement in certain cancers and under certain conditions. In this review, we present recent findings on the possible dual role of complement in destroying cancer, especially if resistance mechanisms are blocked, but also under certain inflammatory conditions-promoting tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Höne
- Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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A Panel of Genetic Polymorphism for the Prediction of Prognosis in Patients with Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer after Surgical Resection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140216. [PMID: 26462029 PMCID: PMC4603900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to investigate whether a panel of eight genetic polymorphisms can predict the prognosis of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgical resection. Materials and Methods We selected eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which have been associated with the prognosis of lung cancer patients after surgery in our previous studies. A total of 814 patients with early stage NSCLC who underwent curative surgical resection were enrolled. The association of the eight SNPs with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed. Results The eight SNPs (CD3EAP rs967591, TNFRSF10B rs1047266, AKT1 rs3803300, C3 rs2287845, HOMER2 rs1256428, GNB2L1 rs3756585, ADAMTSL3 rs11259927, and CD3D rs3181259) were significantly associated with OS and/or DFS. Combining those eight SNPs, we designed a prognostic index to predict the prognosis of patients. According to relative risk of death, a score value was assigned to each genotype of the SNPs. A worse prognosis corresponded to a higher score value, and the sum of score values of eight SNPs defined the prognostic index of a patient. When we categorized the patients into two groups based on the prognostic index, high risk group was significantly associated with worse OS and DFS compared to low risk group (aHR for OS = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.69–2.88, P = 8.0 x 10−9, and aHR for DFS = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.29–1.94, P = 1.0 x 10−5). Conclusions Prognostic index using eight genetic polymorphisms may be useful for the prognostication of patients with surgically resected NSCLC.
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27
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Goubran H, Sabry W, Kotb R, Seghatchian J, Burnouf T. Platelet microparticles and cancer: An intimate cross-talk. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:168-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Khan MA, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Complement and macrophage crosstalk during process of angiogenesis in tumor progression. J Biomed Sci 2015. [PMID: 26198107 PMCID: PMC4511526 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system, which contains some of the most potent pro-inflammatory mediators in the tissue including the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are the vital parts of innate immunity. Complement activation seems to play a more critical role in tumor development, but little attention has been given to the angiogenic balance of the activated complement mediators and macrophage polarization during tumor progression. The tumor growth mainly supported by the infiltration of M2- tumor-associated macrophages, and high levels of C3a and C5a, whereas M1-macrophages contribute to immune-mediated tumor suppression. Macrophages express a cognate receptors for both C3a and C5a on their cell surface, and specific binding of C3a and C5a affects the functional modulation and angiogenic properties. Activation of complement mediators induce angiogenesis, favors an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and activate cancer-associated signaling pathways to assist chronic inflammation. In this review manuscript, we highlighted the specific roles of complement activation and macrophage polarization during uncontrolled angiogenesis in tumor progression, and therefore blocking of complement mediators would be an alternative therapeutic option for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Afzal Khan
- Department Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - A M Assiri
- Department Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - D C Broering
- Organ Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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29
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Surace L, Lysenko V, Fontana AO, Cecconi V, Janssen H, Bicvic A, Okoniewski M, Pruschy M, Dummer R, Neefjes J, Knuth A, Gupta A, van den Broek M. Complement is a central mediator of radiotherapy-induced tumor-specific immunity and clinical response. Immunity 2015; 42:767-77. [PMID: 25888260 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy induces DNA damage and cell death, but recent data suggest that concomitant immune stimulation is an integral part of the therapeutic action of ionizing radiation. It is poorly understood how radiotherapy supports tumor-specific immunity. Here we report that radiotherapy induced tumor cell death and transiently activated complement both in murine and human tumors. The local production of pro-inflammatory anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a was crucial to the tumor response to radiotherapy and concomitant stimulation of tumor-specific immunity. Dexamethasone, a drug frequently given during radiotherapy, limited complement activation and the anti-tumor effects of the immune system. Overall, our findings indicate that anaphylatoxins are key players in radiotherapy-induced tumor-specific immunity and the ensuing clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Surace
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Lysenko
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Orlando Fontana
- Department of Radio-Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Virginia Cecconi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Janssen
- Division Cell Biology II, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonela Bicvic
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Okoniewski
- ID Scientific IT Services, Swiss Federal Institute for Technology (ETH), Weinbergstrasse 11, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Department of Radio-Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Division Cell Biology II, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Knuth
- Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maries van den Broek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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Ferrín G, Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Aguilar-Melero P, Ranchal I, Llamoza C, Linares CI, González-Rubio S, Muntané J, Briceño J, López-Cillero P, Montero-Álvarez JL, de la Mata M. Plasma protein biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-infected alcoholic patients with cirrhosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118527. [PMID: 25789864 PMCID: PMC4366144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers in the world, with limited options for treatment unless timely diagnosed. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and persistent heavy alcohol consumption are independent risk factors for HCC development, which may induce a specific protein expression pattern different from those caused separately. The aim of the study was to identify protein biomarkers for the detection of HCC in HCV-infected alcoholic patients with cirrhosis in order to improve survival. We compared protein expression profiles of plasma samples from 52 HCV-infected alcoholic patients with and without HCC, using 2-D DIGE coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. The 2-D DIGE results were analyzed statistically using Decyder software, and verified by western-blot and ELISA. In plasma samples from HCV-infected alcoholic patients, we found significantly differential expression profiles of carboxypeptidase-N, ceruloplasmin (CP), complement component 4a (C4a), fibrinogen-alpha (FGA), immunoglobulin mu chain C region, serum albumin, and serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1). Deregulation of plasma/serum levels of the identified proteins was associated to HCV, ethanol consumption, and/or HCC progression. In the validation through ELISA, C4a serum concentration was increased in HCC patients (2.4±1 ng/mg vs 1.8±0.6 ng/mg; p = 0.029), being the only independent predictor of HCC in the multivariate analysis (OR = 2.15; p = 0.015), with an AUROC = 0.70. The combination of C4a, FGA, CP and PON1 improved slightly the predictive ability of C4a alone (AUROC 0.81). In conclusion, we identified proteins related to acute-phase response, oxidative stress, or immune response, whose differential expression in plasma may be attributed to the presence of HCC. Among them, C4a, and its combination with CP, FGA and PON1, could be considered as potentially reliable biomarkers for the detection of HCC in HCV-infected alcoholic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ferrín
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network, Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network, Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, Spain
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Melero
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isidora Ranchal
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network, Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Camilo Llamoza
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Clara I. Linares
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sandra González-Rubio
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network, Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Briceño
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network, Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, Spain
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pedro López-Cillero
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network, Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, Spain
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Luis Montero-Álvarez
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network, Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, Spain
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel de la Mata
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network, Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), Córdoba, Spain
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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Abstract
The observation that a subset of cancer patients show evidence for spontaneous CD8+ T cell priming against tumor-associated antigens has generated renewed interest in the innate immune pathways that might serve as a bridge to an adaptive immune response to tumors. Manipulation of this endogenous T cell response with therapeutic intent-for example, using blocking antibodies inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1) interactions-is showing impressive clinical results. As such, understanding the innate immune mechanisms that enable this T cell response has important clinical relevance. Defined innate immune interactions in the cancer context include recognition by innate cell populations (NK cells, NKT cells, and γδ T cells) and also by dendritic cells and macrophages in response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recent evidence has indicated that the major DAMP driving host antitumor immune responses is tumor-derived DNA, sensed by the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway and driving type I IFN production. A deeper knowledge of the clinically relevant innate immune pathways involved in the recognition of tumors is leading toward new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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32
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Identification of host-immune response protein candidates in the sera of human oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109012. [PMID: 25272005 PMCID: PMC4182798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common cancers worldwide is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is associated with a significant death rate and has been linked to several risk factors. Notably, failure to detect these neoplasms at an early stage represents a fundamental barrier to improving the survival and quality of life of OSCC patients. In the present study, serum samples from OSCC patients (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 25) were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and silver staining in order to identify biomarkers that might allow early diagnosis. In this regard, 2-DE spots corresponding to various up- and down-regulated proteins were sequenced via high-resolution MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and analyzed using the MASCOT database. We identified the following differentially expressed host-specific proteins within sera from OSCC patients: leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein (LRG), alpha-1-B-glycoprotein (ABG), clusterin (CLU), PRO2044, haptoglobin (HAP), complement C3c (C3), proapolipoprotein A1 (proapo-A1), and retinol-binding protein 4 precursor (RBP4). Moreover, five non-host factors were detected, including bacterial antigens from Acinetobacter lwoffii, Burkholderia multivorans, Myxococcus xanthus, Laribacter hongkongensis, and Streptococcus salivarius. Subsequently, we analyzed the immunogenicity of these proteins using pooled sera from OSCC patients. In this regard, five of these candidate biomarkers were found to be immunoreactive: CLU, HAP, C3, proapo-A1 and RBP4. Taken together, our immunoproteomics approach has identified various serum biomarkers that could facilitate the development of early diagnostic tools for OSCC.
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Lee MS, Jones T, Song DY, Jang JH, Jung JU, Gao SJ. Exploitation of the complement system by oncogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus for cell survival and persistent infection. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004412. [PMID: 25254972 PMCID: PMC4177982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During evolution, herpesviruses have developed numerous, and often very ingenious, strategies to counteract efficient host immunity. Specifically, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) eludes host immunity by undergoing a dormant stage, called latency wherein it expresses a minimal number of viral proteins to evade host immune activation. Here, we show that during latency, KSHV hijacks the complement pathway to promote cell survival. We detected strong deposition of complement membrane attack complex C5b-9 and the complement component C3 activated product C3b on Kaposi's sarcoma spindle tumor cells, and on human endothelial cells latently infected by KSHV, TIME-KSHV and TIVE-LTC, but not on their respective uninfected control cells, TIME and TIVE. We further showed that complement activation in latently KSHV-infected cells was mediated by the alternative complement pathway through down-regulation of cell surface complement regulatory proteins CD55 and CD59. Interestingly, complement activation caused minimal cell death but promoted the survival of latently KSHV-infected cells grown in medium depleted of growth factors. We found that complement activation increased STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation (Y705) of KSHV-infected cells, which was required for the enhanced cell survival. Furthermore, overexpression of either CD55 or CD59 in latently KSHV-infected cells was sufficient to inhibit complement activation, prevent STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation and abolish the enhanced survival of cells cultured in growth factor-depleted condition. Together, these results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which an oncogenic virus subverts and exploits the host innate immune system to promote viral persistent infection. The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system. Pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to evade host immune responses including attack of the complement system. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma and a subset of multicentric Castleman's disease. KSHV encodes a number of viral proteins to counter host immune responses during productive lytic replication. On the other hand, KSHV utilizes latency as a default replication program during which it expresses a minimal number of proteins to evade host immune detection. Thus, the complement system is expected to be silent during KSHV latency. In this study, we have found that the complement system is unexpectedly activated in latently KSHV-infected endothelial cells and in KS tumor cells wherein KSHV downregulates the expression of CD55 and CD59 complement regulatory proteins. More interestingly, most of latently KSHV-infected cells not only are resistant to complement-mediated cell killing, but also acquire survival advantage by inducing STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which an oncogenic virus exploits the host innate immune system to promote viral persistent infection.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Complement C3b/genetics
- Complement C3b/metabolism
- Complement C5b/genetics
- Complement C5b/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/virology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/physiology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/virology
- Humans
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/virology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/immunology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- Virus Latency
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiffany Jones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dae-Yong Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hay J, Carter D, Lieber A, Astier AL. Recombinant Ad35 adenoviral proteins as potent modulators of human T cell activation. Immunology 2014; 144:453-460. [PMID: 25251258 PMCID: PMC4557682 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein CD46 protects cells from complement attack by regulating cleavage of C3b and C3d. CD46 also regulates the adaptive immune response by controlling T cell activation and differentiation. Co-engagement of the T cell receptor and CD46 notably drives T cell differentiation by switching production of IFNγ to secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10. This regulatory pathway is altered in several chronic inflammatory diseases highlighting its key role for immune homeostasis. The manipulation of the CD46 pathway may therefore provide a powerful means to regulate immune responses. Herein, we investigated the effect of recombinant proteins derived from the fiber knob of the adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35) that uses CD46 as its entry receptor, on human T cell activation. We compared the effects of Ad35K++, engineered to exhibit enhanced affinity to CD46, and of Ad35K-, mutated in the binding site for CD46. Ad35K++ profoundly affects T cell activation by decreasing the levels of CD46 at the surface of primary T cells, and impairing T cell co-activation, shown by decreased CD25 expression, reduced proliferation and lower secretion of IL-10 and IFNγ. In contrast, Ad35K- acts a potent coactivator of T cells, enhancing T cell proliferation and cytokine production. These data show that recombinant Ad35 proteins are potent modulators of human T cell activation, and support their further development as potential drugs targeting T cell responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Hay
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh, UK
| | - Darrick Carter
- PAI Life Sciences Inc.Seattle, WA, USA
- Compliment Corp.Seattle, WA, USA
| | - André Lieber
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne L Astier
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh, UK
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Zent CS, Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA, Beum PV, LaPlant B, Wu W, Call TG, Bowen DA, Conte MJ, Frederick LA, Link BK, Blackwell SE, Veeramani S, Baig NA, Viswanatha DS, Weiner GJ, Witzig TE. Chemoimmunotherapy for relapsed/refractory and progressive 17p13-deleted chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) combining pentostatin, alemtuzumab, and low-dose rituximab is effective and tolerable and limits loss of CD20 expression by circulating CLL cells. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:757-65. [PMID: 24723493 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) patients with purine analog refractory disease or TP53 dysfunction still have limited treatment options and poor survival. Alemtuzumab-containing chemoimmunotherapy regimens can be effective but frequently cause serious infections. We report a Phase II trial testing the efficacy and tolerability of a short-duration regimen combining pentostatin, alemtuzumab, and low-dose high-frequency rituximab designed to decrease the risk of treatment-associated infections and to limit the loss of CD20 expression by CLL cells. The study enrolled 39 patients with progressive CLL that was either relapsed/refractory (n = 36) or previously untreated with 17p13 deletion (17p13-) (n = 3). Thirteen (33%) patients had both 17p13- and TP53 mutations predicted to be dysfunctional, and eight patients had purine analog refractory CLL without TP53 dysfunction. Twenty-six (67%) patients completed therapy, with only five (13%) patients having treatment-limiting toxicity and no treatment-related deaths. Twenty-two (56%) patients responded to treatment, with 11 (28%) complete responses (four with incomplete bone marrow recovery). Median progression-free survival was 7.2 months, time to next treatment was 9.1 months, and overall survival was 34.1 months. The majority of deaths (82%) were caused by progressive disease, including transformed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 6). Correlative studies showed that low-dose rituximab activates complement and natural killer cells without a profound and sustained decrease in expression of CD20 by circulating CLL cells. We conclude that pentostatin, alemtuzumab, and low-dose high-frequency rituximab is a tolerable and effective therapy for CLL and that low-dose rituximab therapy can activate innate immune cytotoxic mechanisms without substantially decreasing CD20 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive S. Zent
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Ronald P. Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Margaret A. Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Paul V. Beum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Betsy LaPlant
- Department of Health Sciences Research; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Health Sciences Research; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Lori A. Frederick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Brian K. Link
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Sue E. Blackwell
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Suresh Veeramani
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Nisar A. Baig
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - David S. Viswanatha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - George J. Weiner
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Qin F, Wang Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zheng H, Wang Y. CD55 limits sensitivity to complement-dependent cytolysis triggered by heterologous expression of α-gal xenoantigen in colon tumor cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G1056-64. [PMID: 24763553 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00464.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Engineering cancer cells to express heterologous antigen α-gal and induce the destruction of tumor cells depending on the complement cascade may be a promising strategy of tumor therapy. However, the feasibility and effect of using α-gal to induce colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line cytolysis is not yet known. In this study, we evaluated α-gal expression's ability to sensitize human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines to complement attack in cell lines LoVo, SW620, and Ls-174T. Nearly all α-gal-expressing LoVo and SW620 cells were killed by normal human serum (NHS), but α-gal-expressing Ls-174T cells showed no significant lysis. We analyzed the expression levels of membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) on the three cell lines, and their protective role in α-gal-mediated activation of the complement. LoVo showed no expression of any of the three proteins. CD59 was strongly expressed by SW620 and Ls-174T. CD46 and CD55 varied between the two cell lines. CD46 on SW620 was only half the intensity of CD46 on Ls-174T. Ls-174T showed a notable expression of CD55, while expression of CD55 on SW620 was not detected. The sensitivity of Ls-174T expressing α-gal to NHS greatly increased following the downregulation of CD46 and CD55 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA). However, there is no increase in cell killing when CD59 expression was diminished. Our findings suggest that the use of α-gal as antigen to induce tumor cell killing may be a potential therapeutic strategy in colon cancer and that CD55 plays a primary role in conferring resistance to lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaogeng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Basic Medical Faculty, Dali Medical College, Dali, China; and
| | - Zhu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Hong Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;
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37
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STAT3 Target Genes Relevant to Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:897-925. [PMID: 24743777 PMCID: PMC4074809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, the STAT3 transcription factor has been extensively studied for its function as a transcriptional regulator and its role as a mediator of development, normal physiology, and pathology of many diseases, including cancers. These efforts have uncovered an array of genes that can be positively and negatively regulated by STAT3, alone and in cooperation with other transcription factors. Through regulating gene expression, STAT3 has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in many cellular processes including oncogenesis, tumor growth and progression, and stemness. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that STAT3 may behave as a tumor suppressor by activating expression of genes known to inhibit tumorigenesis. Additional evidence suggested that STAT3 may elicit opposing effects depending on cellular context and tumor types. These mixed results signify the need for a deeper understanding of STAT3, including its upstream regulators, parallel transcription co-regulators, and downstream target genes. To help facilitate fulfilling this unmet need, this review will be primarily focused on STAT3 downstream target genes that have been validated to associate with tumorigenesis and/or malignant biology of human cancers.
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Sayegh ET, Bloch O, Parsa AT. Complement anaphylatoxins as immune regulators in cancer. Cancer Med 2014; 3:747-58. [PMID: 24711204 PMCID: PMC4303144 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the complement system in innate immunity is well characterized. However, a recent body of research implicates the complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a as insidious propagators of tumor growth and progression. It is now recognized that certain tumors elaborate C3a and C5a and that complement, as a mediator of chronic inflammation and regulator of immune function, may in fact foster rather than defend against tumor growth. A putative mechanism for this function is complement-mediated suppression of immune effector cells responsible for immunosurveillance within the tumor microenvironment. This paradigm accords with models of immune dysregulation, such as autoimmunity and infectious disease, which have defined a pathophysiological role for abnormal complement signaling. Several types of immune cells express the cognate receptors for the complement anaphylatoxins, C3aR and C5aR, and demonstrate functional modulation in response to complement stimulation. In turn, impairment of antitumor immunity has been intimately tied to tumor progression in animal models of cancer. In this article, the literature was systematically reviewed to identify studies that have characterized the effects of the complement anaphylatoxins on the composition and function of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. The search identified six studies based upon models of lymphoma and ovarian, cervical, lung, breast, and mammary cancer, which collectively support the paradigm of complement as an immune regulator in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli T Sayegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Cai B, Xie S, Liu F, Simone LC, Caplan S, Qin X, Naslavsky N. Rapid degradation of the complement regulator, CD59, by a novel inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12109-12125. [PMID: 24616098 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.547083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increased interest in immune-based monoclonal antibody therapies for different malignancies because of their potential specificity and limited toxicity. The activity of some therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is partially dependent on complement-dependent cytolysis (CDC), in which the immune system surveys for invading pathogens, infected cells, and malignant cells and facilitates their destruction. CD59 is a ubiquitously expressed cell-surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that protects cells from CDC. However, in certain tumors, CD59 expression is enhanced, posing a significant obstacle for treatment, by hindering effective monoclonal antibody-induced CDC. In this study, we used non-small lung carcinoma cells to characterize the mechanism of a novel CD59 inhibitor: the 114-amino acid recombinant form of the 4th domain of intermedilysin (rILYd4), a pore forming toxin secreted by Streptococcus intermedius. We compared the rates of internalization of CD59 in the presence of rILYd4 or anti-CD59 antibodies and determined that rILYd4 induces more rapid CD59 uptake at early time points. Most significantly, upon binding to rILYd4, CD59 is internalized and undergoes massive degradation in lysosomes within minutes. The remaining rILYd4·CD59 complexes recycle to the PM and are shed from the cell. In comparison, upon internalization of CD59 via anti-CD59 antibody binding, the antibody·CD59 complex is recycled via early and recycling endosomes, mostly avoiding degradation. Our study supports a novel role for rILYd4 in promoting internalization and rapid degradation of the complement inhibitor CD59, and highlights the potential for improving CDC-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishuang Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shuwei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Fengming Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Laura C Simone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198.
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198.
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Pio R, Corrales L, Lambris JD. The role of complement in tumor growth. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 772:229-62. [PMID: 24272362 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5915-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complement is a central part of the immune system that has developed as a first defense against non-self cells. Neoplastic transformation is accompanied by an increased capacity of the malignant cells to activate complement. In fact, clinical data demonstrate complement activation in cancer patients. On the basis of the use of protective mechanisms by malignant cells, complement activation has traditionally been considered part of the body's immunosurveillance against cancer. Inhibitory mechanisms of complement activation allow cancer cells to escape from complement-mediated elimination and hamper the clinical efficacy of monoclonal antibody-based cancer immunotherapies. To overcome this limitation, many strategies have been developed with the goal of improving complement-mediated effector mechanisms. However, significant work in recent years has identified new and surprising roles for complement activation within the tumor microenvironment. Recent reports suggest that complement elements can promote tumor growth in the context of chronic inflammation. This chapter reviews the data describing the role of complement activation in cancer immunity, which offers insights that may aid the development of more effective therapeutic approaches to control cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pio
- Oncology Division (CIMA), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (School of Science), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,
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41
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Abstract
CD59 overexpression has been shown to confer the resistance of tumors to complement lysis. Complement lysis is one of the two major killing mechanisms of therapeutic anticancer antibodies. This chapter provides a method that allows studying the extent of complement protection of tumors by CD59.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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42
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Bakema JE, van Egmond M. Fc receptor-dependent mechanisms of monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 382:373-92. [PMID: 25116109 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies like treatment with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have entered the arsenal of modern anticancer drugs. mAbs combine specificity with multiple effector functions that can lead to reduction of tumour burden. Direct mechanisms of action, including induction of apoptosis or growth inhibition, depend on the biology of the target antigen. Fc tails of mAbs have furthermore the potential to initiate complement-dependent lysis as well as immune effector cell-mediated tumour cell killing via binding to Fc receptors. Natural killer cells can induce apoptosis via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), whereas macrophages are able to phagocytose mAb-opsonized tumour cells (antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis; ADCP). Finally, neutrophils can induce non-apoptotic tumour cell death, especially in the presence of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antitumour mAbs. In spite of promising clinical successes in some malignancies, improvement of mAb immunotherapy is required to achieve overall complete remission in cancer patients. New strategies to enhance Fc receptor-mediated mechanisms of action or to overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumour in mAb therapy of cancer are therefore currently being explored and will be addressed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantine E Bakema
- Tumor Biology Section, Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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CD20 mAb-Mediated Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity of Tumor Cells is Enhanced by Blocking the Action of Factor I. Antibodies (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/antib2040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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44
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Oyama S, Fujino H, Yamazaki R, Okura I, Regan JW, Awata A, Arai T, Murayama T. A novel indole compound, AWT-489, inhibits prostaglandin D2-induced CD55 expression by acting on DP prostanoid receptors as an antagonist in LS174T human colon cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 541:21-9. [PMID: 24239863 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Indoles are composed of a common core structure, the indole ring, and are widely used as pharmaceuticals and their precursors. In this study, a newly composed relatively small indole compound, AWT-489 was examined to find a novel specific antagonist for DP receptors; the cognate receptors for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), to prevent colon cancer malignancy. Here we showed that AWT-489 antagonized DP receptor-mediated cyclic AMP formation, and expression of CD55, an inhibitor of the complement system that correlates with poor survival in patients with colorectal cancer, in LS174T human colon cancer cells. Interestingly, unlike a popular indole compound, indomethacin, AWT-489 did not act on the cyclooxygenases as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Moreover, AWT-489 exhibited a better inhibitory effect than that of the well-used DP receptor antagonist, BWA868C when a dose close to the physiological concentration of PGD2 was used. These results suggest that AWT-489 can act as a novel human DP receptor antagonist to reduce the expression of CD55 in LS174T human colon cancer cells. We believe that AWT-489 has potential as a lead compound for designing a new DP receptor antagonist that may help improve PGD2-related diseases, especially colon cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Oyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujino
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Risa Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Iori Okura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - John W Regan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, USA
| | - Atsuko Awata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Arai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA. The role of complement in mAb-based therapies of cancer. Methods 2013; 65:18-27. [PMID: 23886909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of complement to promote lysis of antibody-opsonized cells is well-established. Virtually all of the molecular details of this reaction have been elucidated and numerous points of regulation have also been delineated. Use of this information, along with the techniques that were first applied in the fundamental studies of complement, has allowed for investigations of the role of complement in mAb-based immunotherapies of cancer. These studies, which have often combined in vitro investigations with parallel correlative clinical measurements, have revealed that several FDA-approved mAbs make use of complement as an effector function in promoting opsonization and killing of targeted malignant cells. We describe the key methods used in this work, and discuss how the results of these studies provide rational approaches for making more effective use of complement in mAb-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Margaret A Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Abstract
We provided a cross-tissue comparative analysis of between-subtype molecular commonality for ovarian cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioma, lung squamous carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our analysis showed that molecular subtypes with similar phenotype or similar clinical outcome could be correlated by their transcriptional profile and pathway profile. Pathway dysregulation across multiple cancer subtypes was also revealed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Dysregulation of ‘complement and coagulation cascades’ was observed in a total of eleven subtypes across five tissues, implicating that the role of this process in personalized immune-based therapy may be worth further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxi Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Pio R, Ajona D, Lambris JD. Complement inhibition in cancer therapy. Semin Immunol 2013; 25:54-64. [PMID: 23706991 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades, complement has been recognized as an effector arm of the immune system that contributes to the destruction of tumor cells. In fact, many therapeutic strategies have been proposed that are based on the intensification of complement-mediated responses against tumors. However, recent studies have challenged this paradigm by demonstrating a tumor-promoting role for complement. Cancer cells seem to be able to establish a convenient balance between complement activation and inhibition, taking advantage of complement initiation without suffering its deleterious effects. Complement activation may support chronic inflammation, promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment, induce angiogenesis, and activate cancer-related signaling pathways. In this context, inhibition of complement activation would be a therapeutic option for treating cancer. This concept is relatively new and deserves closer attention. In this article, we summarize the mechanisms of complement activation on cancer cells, the cancer-promoting effect of complement initiation, and the rationale behind the use of complement inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pio
- Oncology Division, Center for Applied Medical Research-CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. rpio.@unav.es
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Ricklin D, Lambris JD. Complement in immune and inflammatory disorders: pathophysiological mechanisms. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 190:3831-8. [PMID: 23564577 PMCID: PMC3623009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although acute or chronic inflammation is a common component of many clinical disorders, the underlying processes can be highly distinct. In recent years, the complement system has been associated with a growing number of immunological and inflammatory conditions that include degenerative diseases, cancer, and transplant rejection. It becomes evident that excessive activation or insufficient control of complement activation on host cells can cause an immune imbalance that may fuel a vicious cycle between complement, inflammatory cells, and tissue damage that exacerbates clinical complications. Although the exact involvement of complement needs to be carefully investigated for each disease, therapeutic modulation of complement activity emerges as an attractive target for upstream inhibition of inflammatory processes. This review provides an update about the functional and collaborative capabilities of complement, highlights major disease areas with known complement contribution, and indicates the potential for complement as a focal point in immunomodulatory strategies for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Kato C, Kato A, Adachi K, Fujii E, Isobe K, Matsushita T, Watanabe T, Suzuki M. Anti-Thy-1 Antibody-mediated Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity is Regulated by the Distribution of Antigen, Antibody and Membrane Complement Regulatory Proteins in Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:41-9. [PMID: 23723567 PMCID: PMC3620213 DOI: 10.1293/tox.26.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Some therapeutic antibodies as anticancer agents exert their effects through the host immune system, but the factors that predict their cytotoxicity, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), are unclear. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate some of these factors in a preclinical model. CDC-related mesangiolysis caused by administration of the anti-Thy-1.1 antibody can be studied in the rat anti-Thy-1 glomerulonephritis model, so the model was used in this study. Three animals each were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 8, 24 and 48 hours after i.v. administration of the anti-Thy-1.1 antibody at 1mg/kg. The distribution of the Thy-1.1 antigen and 2 membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs), Crry and CD55, in three non-treated animals and the distribution of the injected antibody and C3 in the model was studied by immunohistochemistry. In the mesangial cells of the kidney, both expression of the antigen and distribution of the antibody with C3 deposition were observed with weak expression of mCRPs. There was also antigen and antibody distribution in the medullary cells of the adrenal gland and in the lymphocytes of the thymus but no C3 deposition, which was thought to be related to high expression of mCRPs. The antigen was observed in several other organs and tissues without distribution of the antibody. Cell death was only observed in the mesangial cells. These results clearly demonstrate that activation of CDC is regulated by several factors, such as distribution of the target molecule, antibody distribution and the balance among the molecules of the CDC cascade and mCRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Adachi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujii
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Kaori Isobe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Tomochika Matsushita
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
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Yokoi K, Godin B, Oborn CJ, Alexander JF, Liu X, Fidler IJ, Ferrari M. Porous silicon nanocarriers for dual targeting tumor associated endothelial cells and macrophages in stroma of orthotopic human pancreatic cancers. Cancer Lett 2012; 334:319-27. [PMID: 23000514 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal disease characterized by a dominant stroma formation. Exploring new biological targets, specifically those overexpressed in stroma cells, holds significant potential for the design of specific nanocarriers to attain homing of therapeutic and imaging agents to the tumor. In clinical specimens of pancreatic cancer, we found increased expression of CD59 in tumor associated endothelial cells as well as infiltrating cells in the stroma as compared to uninvolved pancreas. We explored this dual targeting effect using orthotopic human pancreatic cancer in nude mice. By immunofluorescence analysis, we confirmed the increased expression of Ly6C, mouse homolog of CD59, in tumor associated endothelial cells as well as in macrophages within the stroma. We decorated the surface of porous silicon nanocarriers with Ly6C antibody. Targeted nanocarriers injected intravenously accumulated to tumor associated endothelial cells within 15min. At 4h after administration, 9.8±2.3% of injected dose/g tumor of the Ly6C targeting nanocarriers accumulated in the pancreatic tumors as opposed to 0.5±1.8% with non-targeted nanocarriers. These results suggest that Ly6C (or CD59) can serve as a novel dual target to deliver therapeutic agents to the stroma of pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yokoi
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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