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Usman K, Fouadi M, Nwozor KO, Aminazadeh F, Nair P, Luo H, Sin DD, Osei ET, Hackett TL. Interleukin-1α inhibits transforming growth factor-β1 and β2-induced extracellular matrix production, remodeling and signaling in human lung fibroblasts: Master regulator in lung mucosal repair. Matrix Biol 2024; 132:47-58. [PMID: 39147560 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung fibroblasts play a central role in maintaining lung homeostasis and facilitating repair through the synthesis and organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study investigated the cross-talk between interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, two key regulators in tissue repair and fibrosis, in the context of lung fibroblast repair in the healthy lung. RESULTS Stimulation of lung fibroblasts with TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 induced collagen-I and fibronectin protein expression (p < 0.05), a response inhibited with co-treatment with IL-1α (p < 0.05). Additionally, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 induced myofibroblast differentiation, and collagen-I gel contraction, which were both suppressed by IL-1α (p < 0.05). In contrast, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin induced by IL-1α, were unaffected by TGF-β1 or TGF-β2. Mechanistically, IL-1α administration led to the suppression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 signaling, through downregulation of mRNA and protein for TGF-β receptor II and the downstream adaptor protein TRAF6, but not through miR-146a that is known to be induced by IL-1α. DISCUSSION IL-1α acts as a master regulator, modulating TGF-β1 and TGF-β2-induced ECM production, remodeling, and myofibroblast differentiation in human lung fibroblasts, playing a vital role in balancing tissue repair versus fibrosis. Further research is required to understand the dysregulated cross-talk between IL-1α and TGF-β signaling in chronic lung diseases and the exploration of therapeutic opportunities. METHODS Primary human lung fibroblasts (PHLF) were treated with media control, or 1 ng/ml IL-1α with or without 50 ng/ml TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 for 1, 6 and 72 h. Cell lysates were assessed for the expression of ECM proteins and signaling molecules by western blot, miRNA by qPCR, mRNA by RNA sequencing and cell supernatants for cytokine production by ELISA. PHLFs were also seeded in non-tethered collagen-I gels to measure contraction, and myofibroblast differentiation using confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauna Usman
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - May Fouadi
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kingsley Okechukwu Nwozor
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Aminazadeh
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Division of Respirology, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton & McMaster University, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Twumasi Osei
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Lang C, Roy S, Wang Y, Graves D, Xu Y, Serezani CH, Korrer M, Kim YJ. Efferocytosis drives myeloid NLRP3 dependent inflammasome signaling secretion of IL-1β to promote tumor growth. Front Immunol 2022; 13:993771. [PMID: 36439171 PMCID: PMC9681818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.993771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-1 signaling in myeloid suppressor cells can promote T-cell independent cancer progression, but the regulation of inflammasome signaling within the highly heterogeneous myeloid population in the tumor milieu remains elusive. To resolve this complexity, single cell transcriptomic profile of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) identified distinct inflammasome-associated genes within specific clusters of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. Among these myeloid cells, the sensor protein, NLRP3, and downstream effector IL-1β transcripts were enriched in discreet monocytic and macrophage subtypes in the TME. We showed that deletion of NLRP3, but not AIM2, phenocopied caspase-1/IL-1β dependent tumor progression in vivo. Paradoxically, we found myeloid-intrinsic caspase-1 signaling increased myeloid survival contrary to what would be predicted from the canonical pyroptotic function of caspase-1. This myeloid NLRP3/IL-1β signaling axis promotion of tumor growth was found to be gasdermin D independent. Mechanistically, we found that phagocyte-mediated efferocytosis of dying tumor cells in the TME directly activated NLRP3-dependent inflammasome signaling to drive IL-1β secretion. Subsequently we showed that NLRP3-mediated IL-1β production drives tumor growth in vivo. Dynamic RNA velocity analysis showed a robust directional flow from efferocytosis gene-set high macrophages to an inflammasome gene-set high macrophage population. We provide a novel efferocytosis-dependent inflammasome signaling pathway which mediates homeostatic tumor cell apoptosis that characterizes chronic inflammation-induced malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Lang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sohini Roy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Diana Graves
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Yaomin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - C. Henrique Serezani
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael Korrer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Young J. Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Young J. Kim,
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You D, Jeong Y, Yoon SY, A Kim S, Kim SW, Nam SJ, Lee JE, Kim S. Celastrol attenuates the inflammatory response by inhibiting IL‑1β expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:89. [PMID: 33846813 PMCID: PMC8042664 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness in various malignancies, such as breast and colorectal cancer. In the present study, the functional roles of IL-1β (IL1B) and the inhibitory effect of celastrol on IL1B expression were investigated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The data revealed that celastrol markedly decreased IL1B expression and suppressed TNBC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of IL1B and IL8 mRNA were significantly increased in TNBC cells compared with non-TNBC cells. In addition, IL1B augmented the expression levels of IL8 as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-1 and MMP-9, in TNBC cells. Furthermore, IL1B expression was decreased by a specific MEK1/2 inhibitor, MEK162. Celastrol also promoted IL1B downregulation through the suppression of the MEK/ERK-dependent pathway. Furthermore, the results also revealed a decrease in IL1B-induced IL8, MMP-1, and MMP-9 expression in response to celastrol treatment. The induction of cellular invasion by IL1B was also markedly decreased by celastrol. Collectively, the present study results suggested celastrol as an effective drug for the treatment of TNBC, involving a reduction in IL1B expression, activity or signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun You
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yisun Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung A Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Z, Zhu H, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Luo Z, Tang J, Lin L, Du Z, Dong C. The effects and mechanism of collagen peptide and elastin peptide on skin aging induced by D-galactose combined with ultraviolet radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 210:111964. [PMID: 32717457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The content of collagen and elastin occupies a large proportion of skin evaluation, and collagen peptide (CP) and elastin peptide (EP) are widely used drugs, which have anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, CP and EP can also be used as therapeutic agents for skin repair. However, previous studies have never thoroughly verified the effects of oral administration of CP and EP on skin repair. AIM To study the effects and mechanism of oral administration of CP and EP on skin aging induced by combinatorial treatment with D-galactose and ultraviolet radiation. RESULTS In animal experiments, the combined oral administration of CP and EP increased the contents of collagen and elastin in animal skin, accompanying with significantly upregulated expression of hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline, as well as significantly reduced expression of MMP-3 and IL-1α. In addition, the combined therapy also significantly increased the expression of seven collagen and elastin synthesis-related factors including IGF-1, LOX, SMAD2, JNK, SP1, TβRII and TGF-β. CONCLUSION Oral administration of CP and EP can repair skin aging induced by the combined treatment with D-galactose and ultraviolet radiation and the effects of CP and EP appeared synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Zhu
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Zheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhen Luo
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Foshan Allen Conney Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Lin XC, Pan M, Zhu LP, Sun Q, Zhou ZS, Li CC, Zhang GG. NFAT5 promotes arteriogenesis via MCP-1-dependent monocyte recruitment. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:2052-2063. [PMID: 31883300 PMCID: PMC6991654 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) is not only a tonicity‐responsive transcription factor but also activated by other stimuli, so we aim to investigate whether NFAT5 participates in collateral arteries formation in rats. We performed femoral artery ligature (FAL) in rats for hindlimb ischaemia model and found that NFAT5 was up‐regulated in rat adductors with FAL compared with sham group. Knockdown of NFAT5 with locally injection of adenovirus‐mediated NFAT5‐shRNA in rats significantly inhibited hindlimb blood perfusion recovery and arteriogenesis. Moreover, NFAT5 knockdown decreased macrophages infiltration and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) expression in rats adductors. In vitro, with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) stimulation and loss‐of‐function studies, we demonstrated that NFAT5 knockdown inhibits MCP‐1 expression in endothelial cells and chemotaxis of THP‐1 cells regulated by ERK1/2 pathway. More importantly, exogenous MCP‐1 delivery could recover hindlimb blood perfusion, promote arteriogenesis and macrophages infiltration in rats after FAL, which were depressed by NFAT5 knockdown. Besides, NFAT5 knockdown also inhibited angiogenesis in gastrocnemius muscles in rats. Our results indicate that NFAT5 is a critical regulator of arteriogenesis and angiogenesis via MCP‐1‐dependent monocyte recruitment, suggesting that NFAT5 may represent an alternative therapeutic target for ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chi Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Shi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuan-Chang Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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6
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Chompre G, Martinez-Orengo N, Cruz M, Porter JT, Noel RJ. TGFβRI antagonist inhibits HIV-1 Nef-induced CC chemokine family ligand 2 (CCL2) in the brain and prevents spatial learning impairment. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:262. [PMID: 31829243 PMCID: PMC6905066 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) progression is related to continued inflammation despite undetectable viral loads and may be caused by early viral proteins expressed by latently infected cells. Astrocytes represent an HIV reservoir in the brain where the early viral neurotoxin negative factor (Nef) is produced. We previously demonstrated that astrocytic expression of Nef in the hippocampus of rats causes inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and memory impairment. Since these processes are affected by TGFβ signaling pathways, and TGFβ-1 is found at higher levels in the central nervous system of HIV-1+ individuals and is released by astrocytes, we hypothesized a role for TGFβ-1 in our model of Nef neurotoxicity. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we compared cytokine gene expression by cultured astrocytes expressing Nef or green fluorescent protein. To determine the role of Nef and a TGFβRI inhibitor on memory and learning, we infused astrocytes expressing Nef into the hippocampus of rats and then treated them daily with an oral dose of SD208 (10 mg/kg) or placebo for 7 days. During this time, locomotor activity was recorded in an open field and spatial learning tested in the novel location recognition paradigm. Postmortem tissue analyses of inflammatory and signaling molecules were conducted using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS TGFβ-1 was induced in cultures expressing Nef at 24 h followed by CCL2 induction which was prevented by blocking TGFβRI with SD208 (competitive inhibitor). Interestingly, Nef seems to change the TGFβRI localization as suggested by the distribution of the immunoreactivity. Nef caused a deficit in spatial learning that was recovered upon co-administration of SD208. Brain tissue from Nef-treated rats given SD208 showed reduced CCL2, phospho-SMAD2, cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), and GFAP immunoreactivity compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with our previous findings, rats treated with Nef showed deficits in spatial learning and memory in the novel location recognition task. In contrast, rats treated with Nef + SD208 showed better spatial learning suggesting that Nef disrupts memory formation in a TGFβ-1-dependent manner. The TGFβRI inhibitor further reduced the induction of inflammation by Nef which was concomitant with decreased TGFβ signaling. Our findings suggest that TGFβ-1 signaling is an intriguing target to reduce neuroHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Chompre
- Biology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Neysha Martinez-Orengo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA
| | - Myrella Cruz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA
| | - James T Porter
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA
| | - Richard J Noel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Medical School, Ponce Research Institute, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR, 00731, USA.
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Du S, Li Z, Xie X, Xu C, Shen X, Wang N, Shen Y. IL-17 stimulates the expression of CCL2 in cardiac myocytes via Act1/TRAF6/p38MAPK-dependent AP-1 activation. Scand J Immunol 2019; 91:e12840. [PMID: 31630418 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 participates in the development of many autoimmune diseases by promoting the expression of some chemokines. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) is an important factor at the infiltration of mononuclear cells in the myocardial tissue of viral myocarditis (VMC). It was found that IL-17 could aggravate myocardial injury by upregulating CCL2. But the underlying mechanism involved in CCL2 secretion induced by IL-17 in cardiac myocytes remains unclear. This study investigated the role of transcription factor AP-1 in IL-17 induced CCL2 expression. The results showed that IL-17 mediated the activation of Act1, TRAF6, p38MAPK and c-Jun/AP-1 not Wnt or PI3K signalling pathway to upregulate CCL2 expression in cardiac myocytes. After blocking Act1/TRAF6/p38MAPK cascade and interfering AP-1 with Curcumin or c-Jun siRNA, CCL2 expression induced by IL-17 was significantly attenuated at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of c-Jun was suppressed when cardiac myocytes were treated with Act1 siRNA, TRAF6 siRNA, SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) in cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, IL-17 could stimulate the expression of CCL2 in cardiac myocytes via Act1/TRAF6/p38MAPK-dependent AP-1 activation, which may provide a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuolun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhe Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Peters S, Zitzelsperger E, Kuespert S, Iberl S, Heydn R, Johannesen S, Petri S, Aigner L, Thal DR, Hermann A, Weishaupt JH, Bruun TH, Bogdahn U. The TGF-β System As a Potential Pathogenic Player in Disease Modulation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2017; 8:669. [PMID: 29326641 PMCID: PMC5736544 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) represents a fatal orphan disease with high unmet medical need, and a life time risk of approx. 1/400 persons per population. Based on increasing knowledge on pathophysiology including genetic and molecular changes, epigenetics, and immune dysfunction, inflammatory as well as fibrotic processes may contribute to the heterogeneity and dynamics of ALS. Animal and human studies indicate dysregulations of the TGF-β system as a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders in general and ALS in particular. The TGF-β system is involved in different essential developmental and physiological processes and regulates immunity and fibrosis, both affecting neurogenesis and neurodegeneration. Therefore, it has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for ALS: a persistent altered TGF-β system might promote disease progression by inducing an imbalance of neurogenesis and neurodegeneration. The current study assessed the activation state of the TGF-β system within the periphery/in life disease stage (serum samples) and a late stage of disease (central nervous system tissue samples), and a potential influence upon neuronal stem cell (NSC) activity, immune activation, and fibrosis. An upregulated TGF-β system was suggested with significantly increased TGF-β1 protein serum levels, enhanced TGF-β2 mRNA and protein levels, and a strong trend toward an increased TGF-β1 protein expression within the spinal cord (SC). Stem cell activity appeared diminished, reflected by reduced mRNA expression of NSC markers Musashi-1 and Nestin within SC—paralleled by enhanced protein contents of Musashi-1. Doublecortin mRNA and protein expression was reduced, suggesting an arrested neurogenesis at late stage ALS. Chemokine/cytokine analyses suggest a shift from a neuroprotective toward a more neurotoxic immune response: anti-inflammatory chemokines/cytokines were unchanged or reduced, expression of proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines were enhanced in ALS sera and SC postmortem tissue. Finally, we observed upregulated mRNA and protein expression for fibronectin in motor cortex of ALS patients which might suggest increased fibrotic changes. These data suggest that there is an upregulated TGF-β system in specific tissues in ALS that might lead to a “neurotoxic” immune response, promoting disease progression and neurodegeneration. The TGF-β system therefore may represent a promising target in treatment of ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Peters
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Zitzelsperger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kuespert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Iberl
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rosmarie Heydn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Siw Johannesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- Department for Neuroscience, Laboratory for Neuropathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Research Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Tim-Henrik Bruun
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Yan C, Yang Q, Gong Z. Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Macrophages Promote Gender Disparity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Zebrafish. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1395-1407. [PMID: 28202512 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs more frequently and aggressively in men than women, but the mechanistic basis of this gender disparity is obscure. Chronic inflammation is a major etiologic factor in HCC, so we investigated the role of cortisol in gender discrepancy in a zebrafish model of HCC. Inducible expression of oncogenic KrasV12 in hepatocytes of transgenic zebrafish resulted in accelerated liver tumor progression in males. These tumors were more heavily infiltrated with tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) versus females, and they both showed protumor gene expression and promoted tumor progression. Interestingly, the adrenal hormone cortisol was predominantly produced in males to induce Tgfb1 expression, which functioned as an attractant for TAN and TAM. Inhibition of cortisol signaling in males, or increase of cortisol level in females, decreased or increased the numbers of TAN and TAM, respectively, accompanied by corresponding changes in protumor molecular expression. Higher levels of cortisol, TGFB1, and TAN/TAM infiltration in males were also confirmed in human pre-HCC and HCC samples, features that positively correlated in human patients. These results identify increased cortisol production and TAN/TAM infiltration as primary factors in the gender disparity of HCC development in both fish and human. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1395-407. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peyronie disease (PD) is a progressive fibrotic disorder of the penile tunica albuginea that results in fibrotic penile plaques and can lead to penile deformity. Characterized by aberrant fibrosis resulting in part from the persistence of myofibroblasts and altered gene expression, the molecular factors underpinning PD and other related fibrotic diatheses are just being elucidated. A genetic link to PD was first identified three decades ago using pedigree analyses. However, the specific genetic factors that predispose patients to aberrant fibrosis remain unknown, and the relations between these fibrotic conditions and other heritable diseases, including malignancy, are uncharacterized. AIM To review the current landscape linking molecular and genetic factors to aberrant fibrosis in PD and related fibrotic diatheses, including Dupuytren disease. METHODS Review and evaluation of the literature from 1970 to the present for genetic factors associated with PD were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data describing the genetic factors associated with PD were obtained. RESULTS We describe the known structural chromosomal abnormalities and single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with fibrotic diatheses and discuss the spectrum of differential gene expression data comparing normal tissues with those derived from men with PD or Dupuytren disease. We discuss epigenetic mechanisms that might regulate gene expression and alter predisposition to fibrosis. CONCLUSION Although the current understanding of the genetic factors associated with PD is limited, significant advances have been made during the past three decades. Further research is necessary to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the landscape of genetic factors responsible for the development of PD.
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A novel role for adipose ephrin-B1 in inflammatory response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76199. [PMID: 24098442 PMCID: PMC3787942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Ephrin-B1 (EfnB1) was selected among genes of unknown function in adipocytes or adipose tissue and subjected to thorough analysis to understand its role in the development of obesity. Methods and Results EfnB1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in adipose tissues of obese mice and such reduction was mainly observed in mature adipocytes. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and their culture with RAW264.7 cells reduced EFNB1 levels. Knockdown of adipose EFNB1 increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1) mRNA level and augmented the TNF-α-mediated THP-1 monocyte adhesion to adipocytes. Adenovirus-mediated adipose EFNB1-overexpression significantly reduced the increase in Mcp-1 mRNA level induced by coculture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with RAW264.7 cells. Monocyte adherent assay showed that adipose EfnB1-overexpression significantly decreased the increase of monocyte adhesion by coculture with RAW264.7 cells. TNF-α-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was reduced by EFNB1-overexpression. Conclusions EFNB1 contributes to the suppression of adipose inflammatory response. In obesity, reduction of adipose EFNB1 may accelerate the vicious cycle involved in adipose tissue inflammation.
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Ma L, Lan F, Zheng Z, Xie F, Wang L, Liu W, Han J, Zheng F, Xie Y, Huang Q. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin (IL)-1β synergistically promote ERK1/2-mediated invasive breast ductal cancer cell migration and invasion. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:79. [PMID: 23083134 PMCID: PMC3537707 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with invasive breast ductal carcinoma (IBDC) with metastasis have a very poor prognosis. Little is known about the synergistic action of growth and inflammatory factors in IBDC metastases. Methods The expression of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (phosphorylated or p-ERK1/2) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in IBDC tissue samples from 80 cases. BT474 IBDC cell migration and invasion were quantified using the Transwell assay. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and activity were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and zymography. Activator protein (AP)-1 activity was measured with a luciferase reporter gene assay. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square test, the partition of Chi-square test, independent t-test, and Spearman’s method were used for the statistical analysis. Results Phosphorylated ERK1/2 was detected in 58/80 (72.5%) IBDC tissues, and was associated with higher TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, but not patient age or tumor size. Individually, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and interleukin (IL)-1β activated ERK1/2, increased cell migration and invasion, MMP-9 expression and activity, AP-1 activation in vitro and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was positively correlated with EGF expression levels, as well as IL-1β, MMP-9 and c-fos in IBDC tissue samples. Co-stimulation with EGF and IL-1β synergistically increased ERK1/2 and AP-1 activation, cell migration and invasion, and MMP-9 expression and activity. Inhibition of ERK1/2 using U0126 or siRNA abolished EGF and/or IL-1β-induced cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Activated ERK1/2 was associated with higher TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in IBDC. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that ERK-1/2 activation may increase the metastatic ability of IBDC cells. Growth and inflammatory factors synergistically induced IBDC cell migration and invasion via ERK1/2 signaling, AP-1 activation and MMP-9 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Ma
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350025, China
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Gowda M, Godder K, Kmieciak M, Worschech A, Ascierto ML, Wang E, Marincola FM, Manjili MH. Distinct signatures of the immune responses in low risk versus high risk neuroblastoma. J Transl Med 2011; 9:170. [PMID: 21978632 PMCID: PMC3195752 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over 90% of low risk (LR) neuroblastoma patients survive whereas less than 30% of high risk (HR) patients are long term survivors. Age (children younger than 18 months old) is associated with LR disease. Considering that adaptive immune system is well developed in older children, and that T cells were shown to be involved in tumor escape and progression of cancers, we sought to determine whether HR patients may tend to show a signature of adaptive immune responses compared to LR patients who tend to have diminished T-cell responses but an intact innate immune response. Methods We performed microarray analysis of RNA extracted from the tumor specimens of HR and LR patients. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the cellular constituents in the blood while multiplex cytokine array was used to detect the cytokine profile in patients' sera. A HR tumor cell line, SK-N-SH, was also used for detecting the response to IL-1β, a cytokines which is involved in the innate immune responses. Results Distinct patterns of gene expression were detected in HR and LR patients indicating an active T-cell response and a diminished adaptive immune response, respectively. A diminished adaptive immune response in LR patients was evident by higher levels of IL-10 in the sera. In addition, HR patients had lower levels of circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) compared with a control LR patient. LR patients showed slightly higher levels of cytokines of the innate immune responses. Treatment of the HR tumor line with IL-1β induced expression of cytokines of the innate immune responses. Conclusions This data suggests that adaptive immune responses may play an important role in the progression of HR disease whereas innate immune responses may be active in LR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Mutoh H, Sashikawa M, Hayakawa H, Sugano K. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is generated via TGF-beta by myofibroblasts in gastric intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma without H. pylori infection. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1783-9. [PMID: 20557309 PMCID: PMC11158495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) stimulates secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) from gastric mucosa. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression and macrophage infiltration are recognized in human gastric carcinoma. We have previously generated Cdx2-transgenic mice as model mice for intestinal metaplasia. Both chronic H. pylori-associated gastritis and Cdx2-transgenic mouse stomach develop intestinal metaplasia and finally gastric carcinoma. In this study we have directed our attention to MCP-1 expression in the intestinal metaplastic mucosa and the gastric carcinoma of Cdx2-transgenic mouse stomach. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine MCP-1 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA expression levels and single- or double-label immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the localization of MCP-1, TGF-beta type I receptor, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA). We determined that MCP-1 mRNA dramatically increased in the intestinal metaplastic mucosa and the gastric carcinoma of Cdx2-transgenic mouse stomach, compared with normal mouse stomach. Both MCP-1 and TGF-beta type I receptor were co-expressed in the alphaSMA-positive myofibroblasts of intestinal metaplastic mucosa and gastric carcinoma. Exogenous application of TGF-beta1 increased MCP-1 mRNA expression levels in the intestinal metaplastic tissue. Furthermore, TGF-beta1 was overexpressed and macrophage was strongly infiltrated in the gastric carcinoma. In conclusion, MCP-1 expression, which was stimulated by TGF-beta1, was recognized in the TGF-beta type I receptor-expressing myofibroblasts of the intestinal metaplastic mucosa and the gastric carcinoma of Cdx2-transgenic mouse stomach. The present results suggest that intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma themselves induce MCP-1 expression independently of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mutoh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
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Young SK, Arndt PG. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary mononuclear cell recruitment via CCL2. Exp Lung Res 2010; 35:682-700. [PMID: 19895322 DOI: 10.3109/01902140902853168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Subsequent to the initial recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes are recruited to the lung after an injurious insult. Previously the authors have shown that inhibition of either p38 or c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) decreased pulmonary neutrophil recruitment in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As the signaling pathways regulating the influx of mononuclear cells to the lung are poorly understood, the authors undertook the present study to examine the roles of p38 and JNK. In a model of LPS-induced lung inflammation, systemic inhibition of JNK, but not p38, decreased the recruitment of mononuclear cells to the lung. Levels of CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]) were decreased in the setting of JNK inhibition, with LPS-induced pulmonary mononuclear cell recruitment in CCL2-deficient mice similar to that found with JNK inhibition. The decrease in LPS-induced CCL2 levels in the lung seen with JNK inhibition, however, was independent of neutrophil recruitment, as systemic depletion of neutrophils had no effect on pulmonary CCL2 levels after LPS exposure. In sum, these results suggest that JNK, but not p38, regulates LPS-induced mononuclear cell recruitment to the lung, that this occurs through a CCL2-dependent pathway, and that LPS-induced pulmonary CCL2 expression is dependent on JNK but independent of pulmonary neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Young
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Lim JH, Kwon TK. Curcumin inhibits phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced MCP-1 expression by inhibiting ERK and NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 48:47-52. [PMID: 19766691 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent mediator of macrophage migration and therefore, plays an essential role in early events of inflammation. In the present study, we show the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), potently induced mRNA expression and secretion of the C-C chemokine MCP-1 in U937 cells. We found that curcumin, a natural biologically active compound extracted from rhizomes of Curcuma species, significantly inhibited the PMA-induced increase in MCP-1 expression and secretion. These effects of curcumin are dose dependent and correlate with the suppression of MCP-1 mRNA expression levels. Curcumin inhibited PMA-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Therefore, one possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of curcumin may be to inhibit the secretions of inflammatory MCP-1 chemokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Lim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 194 DongSan-Dong, Taegu 700-712, Republic of Korea
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Ohashi T, Tanabe J, Ishikawa T, Okumura A, Sato K, Ayada M, Hotta N, Kuzuya T, Ito H, Nakao H, Yoneda M, Kakumu S. Inflammatory cytokines modulate chemokine production patterns of HepG2 cells toward initially inclined direction. Hepatol Res 2009; 39:510-9. [PMID: 19207593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2008.00482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM Human hepatocytes are known to express an array of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this study, we examined the potential roles of hepatocytes in regulating immune responses in the liver, by assessing the induction of Th1- or Th2-specific chemokines in HepG2 cells after various inflammatory stimulations. METHODS HepG2 cells were stimulated with IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10, and/or CCL2, harvested at several time points, and served for the analyses of cytokine/chemokine mRNA expressions by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS (i) IL-1alpha up-regulated mRNA levels of CXCL8, CXCL10, and CCL2. IFN-gamma increased those of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL5, while IL-4 or IL-10 had no effect. (ii) Addition of IL-4 to the culture of IFN-gamma-stimulated cells, down-regulated CXCL9 and CXCL10 mRNA levels. (iii) Addition of IFN-gamma to the culture of IL-1alpha-stimulated cells, further up-regulated CXCL9 and CXCL10 mRNA levels. Addition of IL-4 decreased CXCL8 and CXCL10 levels, and increased CCL2 level in IL-1alpha-stimulated cells. (iv) CCL2 induced IL-4 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS IFN-gamma augmented mRNA expression of Th1-specific chemokines (CXCL9 and CXCL10) in HepG2 cells. IL-4 had no effect on those of Th2-spesific chemokines (CCL17 and CCL22); however, it was supposed to augment Th2 response indirectly through the induction of CCL2 under the inflammatory condition. The findings suggest that hepatocytes have ability to promote immune responses in the liver toward the direction, initially determined by the cytokine balances in the local inflammatory region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ohashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Kondo M, Maegawa H, Obata T, Ugi S, Ikeda K, Morino K, Nakai Y, Nishio Y, Maeda S, Kashiwagi A. Transcription factor activating protein-2beta: a positive regulator of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1654-61. [PMID: 19022887 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported an association between the activating protein (AP)-2beta transcription factor gene and type 2 diabetes. This gene is preferentially expressed in adipose tissue, and subjects with a disease-susceptible allele of AP-2beta showed stronger AP-2beta expression in adipose tissue than those without the susceptible allele. Furthermore, overexpression of AP-2beta leads to lipid accumulation by enhancing glucose transport and inducing insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this study, we found that overexpression of AP-2beta in 3T3-L1 adipocytes accelerated the promoter activity of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and subsequently increased both mRNA and protein expression and protein secretion. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenous AP-2beta by RNA interference reduced the mRNA and the protein expression of MCP-1. EMSAs and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed specific binding of AP-2beta to MCP-1 promoter regions, in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, site-directed mutagenesis of the AP-2 binding site located at -137 to -129 relative to the transcription start site markedly diminished MCP-1 promoter activity, whereas other putative AP-2 binding sites did not. Our results clearly show that AP-2beta directly enhanced MCP-1 secretion by binding to its promoter. Thus, we propose that AP-2beta positively regulates MCP-1 expression; subsequently contributes to the infiltration of macrophages to adipose tissue; and leads to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Park J, Ryu DR, Li JJ, Jung DS, Kwak SJ, Lee SH, Yoo TH, Han SH, Lee JE, Kim DK, Moon SJ, Kim K, Han DS, Kang SW. MCP-1/CCR2 system is involved in high glucose-induced fibronectin and type IV collagen expression in cultured mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F749-57. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00547.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent chemokine that plays an important role in the recruitment of macrophages. Although previous studies have demonstrated the importance of MCP-1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in terms of inflammation, the role of MCP-1 and its receptor (C-C chemokine receptor 2; CCR2) in extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation under diabetic conditions has been largely unexplored. This study was undertaken to investigate the functional role of the MCP-1/CCR2 system in high glucose-induced ECM (fibronectin and type IV collagen) protein expression in cultured mesangial cells (MCs). Mouse MCs were exposed to medium containing 5.6 mM glucose (NG), NG+24.4 mM mannitol (NG+M), or 30 mM glucose (HG) with or without mutant MCP-1 (mMCP-1), CCR2 small interfering (si)RNA, or CCR2 inhibitor (RS102895). To examine the relationship between MCP-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, MCs were also treated with TGF-β1 (2 ng/ml) with or without mMCP-1 or CCR2 siRNA. Transient transfection was performed with Lipofectamine 2000 for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by an MTT assay, mouse and human MCP-1 and TGF-β1 levels by ELISA, and CCR2 and ECM protein expression by Western blotting. Transfections of mMCP-1 and CCR2 siRNA increased human MCP-1 levels and inhibited CCR2 expression, respectively. HG-induced ECM protein expression and TGF-β1 levels were significantly attenuated by mMCP-1, CCR2 siRNA, and RS102895 ( P < 0.05). MCP-1 directly increased ECM protein expression, and this increase was inhibited by an anti-TGF-β1 antibody. In addition, TGF-β1-induced ECM protein expression was significantly abrogated by the inhibition of the MCP-1/CCR2 system ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that an interaction between the MCP-1/CCR2 system and TGF-β1 may contribute to ECM accumulation in DN.
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Upregulation of mRNA expression of MCP-1 by TGF-β1 in fibroblast cells from Peyronie’s disease. World J Urol 2008; 27:123-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-008-0320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ito A, Suganami T, Miyamoto Y, Yoshimasa Y, Takeya M, Kamei Y, Ogawa Y. Role of MAPK Phosphatase-1 in the Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 during the Course of Adipocyte Hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:25445-52. [PMID: 17611196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701549200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), an important chemokine whose expression is increased during the course of obesity, plays a role in macrophage infiltration into obese adipose tissue. This study was designed to elucidate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in the induction of MCP-1 during the course of adipocyte hypertrophy. We examined the time course of MKP-1 and MCP-1 mRNA expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in the adipose tissue from mice rendered mildly obese by a short term high fat diet. We also studied the role of MKP-1 in the induction of MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during the course of adipocyte hypertrophy. MCP-1 mRNA expression was increased, followed by ERK activation and down-regulation of MKP-1, an inducible dual specificity phosphatase to inactivate ERK, in the adipose tissue at the early stage of obesity induced by a short term high fat diet, when macrophages are not infiltrated. Down-regulation of MKP-1 preceded ERK activation and increased production of MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro during the course of adipocyte hypertrophy. Adenovirus-mediated restoration of MKP-1 in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes reduced the otherwise increased ERK phosphorylation, thereby leading to the significant reduction of MCP-1 mRNA expression. This study provides evidence that the down-regulation of MKP-1 is critical for increased production of MCP-1 during the course of adipocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Ito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, and Department of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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