1
|
Sahakian L, Robinson AM, Sahakian L, Stavely R, Kelley MR, Nurgali K. APE1/Ref-1 as a Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1569. [PMID: 38002251 PMCID: PMC10669584 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of IBD is increasing with approximately 4.9 million cases reported worldwide. Current therapies are limited due to the severity of side effects and long-term toxicity, therefore, the development of novel IBD treatments is necessitated. Recent findings support apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) as a target in many pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, where APE1/Ref-1 regulation of crucial transcription factors impacts significant pathways. Thus, a potential target for a novel IBD therapy is the redox activity of the multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1. This review elaborates on the status of conventional IBD treatments, the role of an APE1/Ref-1 in intestinal inflammation, and the potential of a small molecule inhibitor of APE1/Ref-1 redox activity to modulate inflammation, oxidative stress response, and enteric neuronal damage in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sahakian
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Ainsley M. Robinson
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Linda Sahakian
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark R. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rios-Covian D, Butcher LD, Ablack AL, den Hartog G, Matsubara MT, Ly H, Oates AW, Xu G, Fisch KM, Ahrens ET, Toden S, Brown CC, Kim K, Le D, Eckmann L, Dhar B, Izumi T, Ernst PB, Crowe SE. A Novel Hypomorphic Apex1 Mouse Model Implicates Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Oxidative DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Epithelial Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:183-197. [PMID: 35754343 PMCID: PMC10039277 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Though best known for its role in oxidative DNA damage repair, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein that regulates multiple host responses during oxidative stress, including the reductive activation of transcription factors. As knockout of the APE1-encoding gene, Apex1, is embryonically lethal, we sought to create a viable model with generalized inhibition of APE1 expression. Results: A hypomorphic (HM) mouse with decreased APE1 expression throughout the body was generated using a construct containing a neomycin resistance (NeoR) cassette knocked into the Apex1 site. Offspring were assessed for APE1 expression, breeding efficiency, and morphology with a focused examination of DNA damage in the stomach. Heterozygotic breeding pairs yielded 50% fewer HM mice than predicted by Mendelian genetics. APE1 expression was reduced up to 90% in the lungs, heart, stomach, and spleen. The HM offspring were typically smaller, and most had a malformed tail. Oxidative DNA damage was increased spontaneously in the stomachs of HM mice. Further, all changes were reversed when the NeoR cassette was removed. Primary gastric epithelial cells from HM mice differentiated more quickly and had more evidence of oxidative DNA damage after stimulation with Helicobacter pylori or a chemical carcinogen than control lines from wildtype mice. Innovation: A HM mouse with decreased APE1 expression throughout the body was generated and extensively characterized. Conclusion: The results suggest that HM mice enable studies of APE1's multiple functions throughout the body. The detailed characterization of the stomach showed that gastric epithelial cells from HM were more susceptible to DNA damage. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 183-197.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Rios-Covian
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lindsay D. Butcher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amber L. Ablack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mason T. Matsubara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hong Ly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew W. Oates
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Guorong Xu
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric T. Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shusuke Toden
- Molecular Stethoscope, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Corrie C. Brown
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dzung Le
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bithika Dhar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Peter B. Ernst
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sheila E. Crowe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oliveira TT, Coutinho LG, de Oliveira LOA, Timoteo ARDS, Farias GC, Agnez-Lima LF. APE1/Ref-1 Role in Inflammation and Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793096. [PMID: 35296074 PMCID: PMC8918667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional enzyme that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. APE1 is the major apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease in the base excision repair pathway and acts as a redox-dependent regulator of several transcription factors, including NF-κB, AP-1, HIF-1α, and STAT3. These functions render APE1 vital to regulating cell signaling, senescence, and inflammatory pathways. In addition to regulating cytokine and chemokine expression through activation of redox sensitive transcription factors, APE1 participates in other critical processes in the immune response, including production of reactive oxygen species and class switch recombination. Furthermore, through participation in active chromatin demethylation, the repair function of APE1 also regulates transcription of some genes, including cytokines such as TNFα. The multiple functions of APE1 make it an essential regulator of the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Therefore, APE1 inhibitors have therapeutic potential. APE1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and participates in tissue homeostasis, and its roles in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases have been elucidated. This review discusses known roles of APE1 in innate and adaptive immunity, especially in the CNS, recent evidence of a role in the extracellular environment, and the therapeutic potential of APE1 inhibitors in infectious/immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Teixeira Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Leonam Gomes Coutinho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), São Paulo do Potengi, Brazil
| | | | | | - Guilherme Cavalcanti Farias
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dahal S, Siddiqua H, Katapadi VK, Iyer D, Raghavan SC. Characterization of G4 DNA formation in mitochondrial DNA and their potential role in mitochondrial genome instability. FEBS J 2021; 289:163-182. [PMID: 34228888 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria possess their own genome which can be replicated independently of nuclear DNA. Mitochondria being the powerhouse of the cell produce reactive oxygen species, due to which the mitochondrial genome is frequently exposed to oxidative damage. Previous studies have demonstrated an association of mitochondrial deletions to aging and human disorders. Many of these deletions were present adjacent to non-B DNA structures. Thus, we investigate noncanonical structures associated with instability in mitochondrial genome. In silico studies revealed the presence of > 100 G-quadruplex motifs (of which 5 have the potential to form 3-plate G4 DNA), 23 inverted repeats, and 3 mirror repeats in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Further analysis revealed that among the deletion breakpoints from patients with mitochondrial disorders, majority are located at G4 DNA motifs. Interestingly, ~ 50% of the deletions were at base-pair positions 8271-8281, ~ 35% were due to deletion at 12362-12384, and ~ 12% due to deletion at 15516-15545. Formation of 3-plate G-quadruplex DNA structures at mitochondrial fragile regions was characterized using electromobility shift assay, circular dichroism (CD), and Taq polymerase stop assay. All 5 regions could fold into both intramolecular and intermolecular G-quadruplex structures in a KCl-dependent manner. G4 DNA formation was in parallel orientation, which was abolished in the presence of LiCl. The formation of G4 DNA affected both replication and transcription. Finally, immunolocalization of BG4 with MitoTracker confirmed the formation of G-quadruplex in mitochondrial genome. Thus, we characterize the formation of 5 different G-quadruplex structures in human mitochondrial region, which may contribute toward formation of mitochondrial deletions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Dahal
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Humaira Siddiqua
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vijeth K Katapadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Divyaanka Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mitochondrial genome stability in human: understanding the role of DNA repair pathways. Biochem J 2021; 478:1179-1197. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are semiautonomous organelles in eukaryotic cells and possess their own genome that replicates independently. Mitochondria play a major role in oxidative phosphorylation due to which its genome is frequently exposed to oxidative stress. Factors including ionizing radiation, radiomimetic drugs and replication fork stalling can also result in different types of mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leading to genome fragility. Mitochondria from myopathies, dystonia, cancer patient samples show frequent mtDNA mutations such as point mutations, insertions and large-scale deletions that could account for mitochondria-associated disease pathogenesis. The mechanism by which such mutations arise following exposure to various DNA-damaging agents is not well understood. One of the well-studied repair pathways in mitochondria is base excision repair. Other repair pathways such as mismatch repair, homologous recombination and microhomology-mediated end joining have also been reported. Interestingly, nucleotide excision repair and classical nonhomologous DNA end joining are not detected in mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the potential causes of mitochondrial genome fragility, their implications as well as various DNA repair pathways that operate in mitochondria.
Collapse
|
6
|
Caston RA, Gampala S, Armstrong L, Messmann RA, Fishel ML, Kelley MR. The multifunctional APE1 DNA repair-redox signaling protein as a drug target in human disease. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:218-228. [PMID: 33148489 PMCID: PMC7855940 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease-reduction/oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1, also called APE1) is a multifunctional enzyme with crucial roles in DNA repair and reduction/oxidation (redox) signaling. APE1 was originally described as an endonuclease in the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway. Further study revealed it to be a redox signaling hub regulating critical transcription factors (TFs). Although a significant amount of focus has been on the role of APE1 in cancer, recent findings support APE1 as a target in other indications, including ocular diseases [diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)], inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and others, where APE1 regulation of crucial TFs impacts important pathways in these diseases. The central responsibilities of APE1 in DNA repair and redox signaling make it an attractive therapeutic target for cancer and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Caston
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Silpa Gampala
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lee Armstrong
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Melissa L Fishel
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Charles MR, Raza ST, Sharma R, Pratap P, Eba A, Singh M. Association of DNA Repair Genes XRCC1 and APE-1 with the Risk of Cervical Cancer in North Indian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2061-2065. [PMID: 32711433 PMCID: PMC7573399 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading cause of death in women worldwide, HPV infection is the major risk factor in the disease development, 0and however other risk factor such as chemical carcinogens, genetic susceptibility and altered immune system are also a cause of the disease progression. In the light of the above statement we studied the base excision repair pathway (BER). METHODS We identified and studied the association of Single Nucleotide polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes of XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, Arg399G,) and APE-1Asp/148Glu to the susceptibility of cervical cancer (CC) in North Indian population. In our study of cases (n=102). Controls (n=109) were recruited from among women without cervical abnormalities. Genotypes were determined by PCR-CTPP method, Taking DNA from peripheral blood in a case control study. RESULTS A positive association was observed between the polymorphisms of XRCC1 genes, that is, in codons 194 (P=0.03, odds ratio (OR) =2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI)=5.2-1.1), 280 (P=0.01, OR=4.1, 95% CI=11.5-1.3) and 399 (P=0.01, OR=3.4, 95% CI=8.6-1.3) while APE-1 genotype GG (p=0.03,odds ratio(OR)=0.2,95% confidence interval (CI)=0.97-0.004) we observed a statistically significant protective role in developing cervical cancer. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that, XRCC1 gene is an important candidate gene for susceptibility to cervical cancer. Although the sample size was small, the present study indicate a statistical association between cervical cancer and XRCC1 SNPs. Future studies are needed that may provide a better understanding of the association between gene polymorphism and cervical carcinoma risk. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rector Charles
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India.
| | - Syed Tasleem Raza
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India.
| | - Rolee Sharma
- Department of Bioscience, Integral University Lucknow, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Pushpendra Pratap
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India.
| | - Ale Eba
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India.
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CMBRL), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaur J, Sambyal V, Guleria K, Singh NR, Uppal MS, Manjari M, Sudan M. Association of XRCC1, XRCC2 and XRCC3 Gene Polymorphism with Esophageal Cancer Risk. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:73-86. [PMID: 32214837 PMCID: PMC7083648 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s232961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The X-ray repair cross-complementing (XRCC) gene polymorphisms influence esophageal carcinogenesis by altering the DNA repair capacity. The present study was designed to screen five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of XRCC genes for their susceptibility to esophageal cancer (EC) risk. There is no previous report on these polymorphisms for EC from India, where EC frequency is high. Methods The present study included 497 subjects (213 EC patients and 284 healthy controls). The polymorphisms were screened using the PCR-RFLP method and allele and genotype distribution were compared using chi-square test. Association analysis was done by haplotype analysis and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. Gene–gene interactions were identified using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). The risk was calculated using binary logistic regression. Results For XRCC1 p.Arg399Gln, a decreased risk for EC was associated with the AA genotype [OR (95% CI): 0.53 (0.3–0.95), p=0.03] even after adjusting for various covariates [OR (95% CI): 0.49 (0.26–0.9), p=0.024] and with the recessive model [OR (95% CI): 0.49 (0.27–0.8), p=0.016]. The GA genotype of p.Arg280His was associated with an increased risk for EC [OR (95% CI): 1.7 (1.0–2.82), p= 0.045] after adjustments. The two XRCC1 polymorphisms, p.Arg399Gln and p.Arg194Trp were in slight LD among EC patients (D̍́=0.845, r2=0.042). XRCC2 and XRCC3 polymorphisms were not associated with EC risk. Conclusion XRCC1 p.Arg399Gln plays a protective role in the development of the EC. The study is the first report from India, providing baseline data about genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes XRCC1, XRCC2 and XRCC3 modulating overall EC risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagjeet Kaur
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Vasudha Sambyal
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kamlesh Guleria
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | | | | | | | - Meena Sudan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Genetics of ulcerative colitis: putting into perspective the incremental gains from Indian studies. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-1015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Kaur K, Kaur R. Absence of APE1 (Asp148Glu) gene polymorphism in North-West Indian population: A comparison with world population. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
11
|
Gene pathways associated with mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and telomere length are differentially expressed in the liver of rats fed lifelong on virgin olive, sunflower or fish oils. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 52:36-44. [PMID: 29144994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of lifelong intake of different fat sources rich in monounsaturated (virgin olive oil), n6 polyunsaturated (sunflower oil) or n3 polyunsaturated (fish oil) fatty acids in the aged liver. Male Wistar rats fed lifelong on diets differing in the fat source were killed at 6 and at 24 months of age. Liver histopathology, mitochondrial ultrastructure, biogenesis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial electron transport chain, relative telomere length and gene expression profiles were studied. Aging led to lipid accumulation in the liver. Virgin olive oil led to the lowest oxidation and ultrastructural alterations. Sunflower oil induced fibrosis, ultrastructural alterations and high oxidation. Fish oil intensified oxidation associated with age, lowered electron transport chain activity and enhanced the relative telomere length. Gene expression changes associated with age in animals fed virgin olive oil and fish oil were related mostly to mitochondrial function and oxidative stress pathways, followed by cell cycle and telomere length control. Sunflower oil avoided gene expression changes related to age. According to the results, virgin olive oil might be considered the dietary fat source that best preserves the liver during the aging process.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zeolite-Containing Mixture Supplementation Ameliorated Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice by Suppressing the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathway and Improving Apoptosis in Colon Mucosa. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050467. [PMID: 28481231 PMCID: PMC5452197 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is induced by multiple environmental factors, and there is still no known treatment capable of curing the disease completely. We propose a zeolite-containing mixture (Hydryeast®, HY)-a multi-component nutraceutical of which the main ingredients are Azumaceramics (mixture of zeolite and oyster shell burned under high temperature), citric acid, red rice yeast (monascus) and calcium stearate-as a nutraceutical intervention in IBD to ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. We show the mechanism through integrated omics using transcriptomics and proteomics. C57BL6 mice were given an AIN-93G basal diet or a 0.8% HY containing diet and sterilized tap water for 11 days. Colitis was then induced by 1.5% (w/v) DSS-containing water for 9 days. HY fed mice showed significantly improved disease activity index and colon length compared to DSS mice. Colonic mucosa microarray analysis plus RT-PCR results indicate HY supplementation may ameliorate inflammation by inhibiting the intestinal inflammatory pathway and suppress apoptosis by curbing the expression of genes like tumor protein 53 and epidermal growth factor receptor and by upregulating epithelial protection-related proteins such as epithelial cell adhesion molecule and tenascin C, thus maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis and epithelial integrity, mirroring the proteome analysis results. HY appears to have a suppressive effect on colitis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Peng M, Zhou X, Ding X, Wei L, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Shi X, Qin D. Association of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms with susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int 2016; 37:435-444. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-016-3585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
14
|
Ray G. Inflammatory bowel disease in India - Past, present and future. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8123-8136. [PMID: 27688654 PMCID: PMC5037081 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i36.8123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is rising incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in India topping the Southeast Asian (SEA) countries. The common genes implicated in disease pathogenesis in the West are not causal in Indian patients and the role of “hygiene hypothesis” is unclear. There appears to be a North-South divide with more ulcerative colitis (UC) in north and Crohn’s disease (CD) in south India. IBD in second generation Indian migrants to the West takes the early onset and more severe form of the West whereas it retains the nature of its country of origin in migrants to SEA countries. The clinical presentation is much like other SEA countries (similar age and sex profile, low positive family history and effect of smoking, roughly similar disease location, use of aminosalicylates for CD, low use of biologics and similar surgical rates) with some differences (higher incidence of inflammatory CD, lower perianal disease, higher use of aminosalicylates and azathioprine and lower current use of corticosteroids). UC presents more with extensive disease not paralleled in severity clinically or histologically, follows benign course with easy medical control and low incidence of fulminant disease, cancer, complications, and surgery. UC related colorectal cancer develop in an unpredictable manner with respect to disease duration and site questioning the validity of strict screening protocol. About a third of CD patients get antituberculosis drugs and a significant number presents with small intestinal bleed which is predominantly afflicted by aggressive inflammation. Biomarkers have inadequate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for both. Pediatric IBD tends to be more severe than adult. Population based studies are needed to address the lacunae in epidemiology and definition of etiological factors. Newer biomarkers and advanced diagnostic techniques (in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy, molecular pathology and genetics) needs to be developed for proper disease definition and treatment.
Collapse
|
15
|
Genetic Polymorphisms of X-ray Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 and Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease-1 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Inflammation 2016; 39:1198-204. [PMID: 27107596 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous collection of conditions characterized by irreversible expiratory airflow limitation. The disease is interspersed with exacerbations; periods of acute symptomatic, physiological, and functional deterioration. The present study was designed to investigate the role of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) polymorphisms and the risk of COPD. Blood samples from 354 unrelated subject (age range 18-60 years; 156 with COPD, 198 healthy controls) were collected. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped for XRCC1 Arg399Gln and APE1 Asp148Glu using a confronting two pair primers polymerase chain reaction. GA genotype of XRCC1 gene was found to be predominant in the COPD group compared to controls with 1.86-fold increased risk for COPD (OR 1.86, 95 % CI 1.20-2.88, p = 0.0013). TG genotype of APE1 was found to be predominant in COPD group compared to controls with the difference being statistically significant (OR 1.68, 95 % CI 1.08-2.61, p = 0.0043). The GA haplotype was found to be predominant in COPD than controls with a 2.19-fold significant increase (OR 2.19, 95 % CI 1.46-3.28, p = 0.003). Polymorphism in XRCC1 and APE1 gene is associated with an increased risk of COPD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sujitha SP, Kumar DT, Doss CGP, Aavula K, Ramesh R, Lakshmanan S, Gunasekaran S, Anilkumar G. DNA Repair Gene (XRCC1) Polymorphism (Arg399Gln) Associated with Schizophrenia in South Indian Population: A Genotypic and Molecular Dynamics Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147348. [PMID: 26824244 PMCID: PMC4732819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper depicts the first report from an Indian population on the association between the variant Arg399Gln of XRCC1 locus in the DNA repair system and schizophrenia, the debilitating disease that affects 1% of the world population. Genotypic analysis of a total of 523 subjects (260 patients and 263 controls) revealed an overwhelming presence of Gln399Gln in the case subjects against the controls (P < 0.0068), indicating significant level of association of this nsSNP with schizophrenia; the Gln399 allele frequency was also perceptibly more in cases than in controls (p < 0.003; OR = 1.448). The results of the genotypic studies were further validated using pathogenicity and stability prediction analysis employing computational tools [I-Mutant Suite, iStable, PolyPhen2, SNAP, and PROVEAN], with a view toassess the magnitude of deleteriousness of the mutation. The pathogenicity analysis reveals that the nsSNP could be deleterious inasmuch as it could affect the functionality of the gene, and interfere with protein function. Molecular dynamics simulation of 60ns was performed using GROMACS to analyse structural change due to a mutation (Arg399Gln) that was never examined before. RMSD, RMSF, hydrogen bonds, radius of gyration and SASA analysis showedthe existence of asignificant difference between the native and the mutant protein. The present study gives astrong indication that the XRCC1 locus deserves serious attention, as it could be a potential candidatecontributing to the etio-pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Sujitha
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. Thirumal Kumar
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C. George Priya Doss
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Aavula
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Ramesh
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Lakshmanan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Vellore Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - S. Gunasekaran
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Anilkumar
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang L, Wang Y, Lin Z, Zhou X, Chen T, He H, Huang H, Yang T, Jiang Y, Xu W, Yao W, Liu T, Liu G. Mitochondrial OGG1 protects against PM2.5-induced oxidative DNA damage in BEAS-2B cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:365-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
18
|
Merecz A, Markiewicz L, Sliwinska A, Kosmalski M, Kasznicki J, Drzewoski J, Majsterek I. Analysis of oxidative DNA damage and its repair in Polish patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: Role in pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:220-30. [PMID: 25932787 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this work we investigated the role of oxidative damage in connection with particular polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and their repair capacity. MATERIAL/METHODS Materials constitute the peripheral blood of patients with T2DM with and without DSPN and control subjects without disturbance of the carbohydrate fraction. The study of gene polymorphisms which products take part in base excision repair (BER) pathway: 726 Val/Ala adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase (ADPRT), 324 His/Glu MutYhomolog (MUTYH) and 148 Asp/Glu human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) method. The study of DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and the efficiency of their repair was carried out using comet assay. RESULTS None of the 3 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of DSPN. However, in group of patients together with T2DM and T2DM/DSPN 726 Ala ADPRT allele was significantly susceptible to increased risk of T2DM (OR=1.59; 95% CI: 1.08-2.36). Investigation of DNA damage and repair revealed that T2DM patients have decreased ability to DNA repair. This capacity even drops down in the group of T2DM/DSPN patients compared to subjects with diabetes alone. ADPRT and APE polymorphisms were significantly associated with higher DNA damages (P<0.05) in heterozygous and mutant homozygous in correlation to homozygous wild type, but for MUTYH polymorphism relation was not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Pathogenesis of T2DM and development of DSPN may be related to oxidative stress connected with BER gene polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Markiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sliwinska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jozef Drzewoski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chi HG, Zheng XB, Wu ZG, Dai SX, Wan Z, Zou Y. Association of the interleukin-22 genetic polymorphisms with ulcerative colitis. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:183. [PMID: 25297677 PMCID: PMC4198677 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the IL-10 family of anti-inflammatory cytokines that mediates epithelial immunity. IL-22 expression was found to be increased in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Whether genetic polymorphisms of IL-22 also influence UC risk is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the IL-22 gene polymorphisms (-429 C/T, +1046 T/A and +1995 A/C) and the risk of UC in Chinese Han patients. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study comprised 180 patients with UC and 180 age- and gender-matched controls. Genotypes of 3 common polymorphisms of the IL-22 gene were determined by fluorogenic 5' exonuclease assays (TaqMan). RESULTS Patients with UC had a significantly higher frequency of IL-22 -429 TT genotype [odds ratio (OR) =2.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.35, 4.37; P=0.003] and -429 T allele (OR =1.54, 95% CI=1.14, 2.07; P=0.004) than controls. The findings are still emphatic by the Bonferroni correction. The IL-22+1046 T/A and IL-22+1995 A/C gene polymorphisms were not associated with a risk of UC. When stratifying by clinical type, location and disease severity of UC, no significant differences were found in any groups. CONCLUSION This is the first study to provide evidence for an association of IL-22 -429 C/T gene polymorphisms with UC risk. Additional well-designed large studies were required for the validation of our results. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_183.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gang Chi
- />Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical College, 1 Xincheng Road, Songshan LakeSci.&Tech, Industry Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Xue Bao Zheng
- />Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical College, 1 Xincheng Road, Songshan LakeSci.&Tech, Industry Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Zhu Guo Wu
- />The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Shi Xue Dai
- />Emergency Department of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Zheng Wan
- />Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Ying Zou
- />Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical College, 1 Xincheng Road, Songshan LakeSci.&Tech, Industry Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808 China
- />Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Human AP endonuclease 1: a potential marker for the prediction of environmental carcinogenesis risk. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:730301. [PMID: 25243052 PMCID: PMC4158471 DOI: 10.1155/2014/730301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) functions mainly in DNA repair as an enzyme removing AP sites and in redox signaling as a coactivator of various transcription factors. Based on these multifunctions of APE1 within cells, numerous studies have reported that the alteration of APE1 could be a crucial factor in development of human diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. In fact, the study on the combination of an individual's genetic make-up with environmental factors (gene-environment interaction) is of great importance to understand the development of diseases, especially lethal diseases including cancer. Recent reports have suggested that the human carcinogenic risk following exposure to environmental toxicants is affected by APE1 alterations in terms of gene-environment interactions. In this review, we initially outline the critical APE1 functions in the various intracellular mechanisms including DNA repair and redox regulation and its roles in human diseases. Several findings demonstrate that the change in expression and activity as well as genetic variability of APE1 caused by environmental chemical (e.g., heavy metals and cigarette smoke) and physical carcinogens (ultraviolet and ionizing radiation) is likely associated with various cancers. These enable us to ultimately suggest APE1 as a vital marker for the prediction of environmental carcinogenesis risk.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wei C, Jian Z, Wang L, Qiang H, Shi Q, Guo S, Li K, Huang Y, Liu L, Li Q, Luan Q, Yi X, Li X, Wang G, Gao T, Li C. Genetic variants of the APE1 gene and the risk of vitiligo in a Chinese population: a genotype-phenotype correlation study. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 58:64-72. [PMID: 23369758 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disorder, and reactive oxygen species play an important role in melanocyte damage. Base excision repair is the major pathway responsible for removing reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage, in which APE1, ADPRT, and XRCC1 play key roles. To investigate the association between genetic variations of these genes and the risk of vitiligo in Chinese populations, we genotyped APE1-Asp148Glu, ADPRT-Val762Ala, and XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphisms and measured serum 8-OHdG levels in a hospital-based case-control study. We found that a significantly increased risk of vitiligo was associated with the APE1 Asp/Glu (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.52) and Glu/Glu genotypes (adjusted OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.13-1.93), compared with the APE1 Asp/Asp genotype, whereas no vitiligo risk was associated with the genotypes ADPRT-Val762Ala and XRCC1-Arg399Gln. Furthermore, serum 8-OHdG levels were elevated in the APE1-148Glu allele carriers (Asp/Glu+Glu/Glu), in an allele dose-response manner, with the risk of vitiligo (Ptrend<0.05). In addition, we found that the APE1-148Glu variant increased the 8-OHdG levels of cultured human melanocytes treated with H2O2, without any impact on the endonuclease activity. These data suggest that the APE1-Asp148Glu polymorphism aggravates oxidative stress in human melanocytes and contributes to genetic predisposition to vitiligo in Chinese people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|