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Kühl F, Brand K, Lichtinghagen R, Huber R. GSK3-Driven Modulation of Inflammation and Tissue Integrity in the Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8263. [PMID: 39125833 PMCID: PMC11312333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, GSK3 is accepted as an enzyme strongly involved in the regulation of inflammation by balancing the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of cells and organisms, thus influencing the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammatory processes at multiple levels. Disturbances within its broad functional scope, either intrinsically or extrinsically induced, harbor the risk of profound disruptions to the regular course of the immune response, including the formation of severe inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, this review aims at summarizing and contextualizing the current knowledge derived from animal models to further shape our understanding of GSK3α and β and their roles in the inflammatory process and the occurrence of tissue/organ damage. Following a short recapitulation of structure, function, and regulation of GSK3, we will focus on the lessons learned from GSK3α/β knock-out and knock-in/overexpression models, both conventional and conditional, as well as a variety of (predominantly rodent) disease models reflecting defined pathologic conditions with a significant proportion of inflammation and inflammation-related tissue injury. In summary, the literature suggests that GSK3 acts as a crucial switch driving pro-inflammatory and destructive processes and thus contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.); (K.B.); (R.L.)
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Gu L, He X, Zhang Y, Li S, Tang J, Ma R, Yang X, Huang H, Peng Y, Xie Y, Peng Z, Meng J, Hu G, Tao L, Liu X, Yang H. Fluorofenidone protects against acute liver failure in mice by regulating MKK4/JNK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114844. [PMID: 37224750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease characterized by abrupt and extensive hepatic necrosis and apoptosis, resulting in high mortality. The approved drug, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is only effective for acetaminophen (APAP)-associated ALF at the early stage. Thus, we investigate whether fluorofenidone (AKF-PD), a novel antifibrosis pyridone agent, protects against ALF in mice and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS ALF mouse models were established using APAP or lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-Gal). Anisomycin and SP600125 were used as JNK activator and inhibitor, respectively, and NAC served as a positive control. Mouse hepatic cell line AML12 and primary mouse hepatocytes were used for in vitro studies. RESULTS AKF-PD pretreatment alleviated APAP-induced ALF with decreased necrosis, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers, and mitochondrial permeability transition in liver. Additionally, AKF-PD alleviated mitochondrial ROS stimulated by APAP in AML12 cells. RNA-sequencing in the liver and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis showed that AKF-PD significantly impacted MAPK and IL-17 pathway. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that AKF-PD inhibited APAP-induced phosphorylation of MKK4/JNK, while SP600125 only inhibited JNK phosphorylation. The protective effect of AKF-PD was abolished by anisomycin. Similarly, AKF-PD pretreatment abolished hepatotoxicity caused by LPS/D-Gal, decreased ROS levels, and diminished inflammation. Furthermore, unlike NAC, AKF-PD, inhibited the phosphorylation of MKK4 and JNK upon pretreatment, and improved survival in cases of LPS/D-Gal-induced mortality with delayed dosing. CONCLUSIONS In summary, AKF-PD can protect against ALF caused by APAP or LPS/D-Gal, in part, via regulating MKK4/JNK pathway. AKF-PD might be a novel candidate drug for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yanyun Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Jie Meng
- Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Respirology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Gaoyun Hu
- Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Lab of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410008, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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Shen XL, Guo YN, Lu MH, Ding KN, Liang SS, Mou RW, Yuan S, He YM, Tang LP. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity predominantly via inhibiting Nrf2 antioxidative pathway and activating TLR4-NF-κB-MAPK inflammatory response in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114590. [PMID: 36738614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To explore the action time and molecular mechanism underlying the effect of acetaminophen (APAP) on liver injury. APAP was used to establish drug-induced liver injury (DILI) model in mice. Mice in the model group were intraperitoneally injected 300 mg/kg APAP for 6, 12, and 24 h respectively, and control group mice were given the same volume of normal saline. The mice were anesthetized through intravenous injection of sodium pentobarbital at 6, 12, and 24 h after APAP poisoning. Analysis of ALT, AST and ALP in serum, liver histopathological observation, oxidative damage and western blot were performed. The livers in APAP exposed mice were pale, smaller, with a rough texture, and poorly arranged cells. Lesions, large areas of hyperemia, inflammation, swelling, poorly cell arrangement, necrosis, and apoptosis of liver cells were obvious in the liver tissue sections. Serum ALT, AST and ALP levels were significantly enhanced at 12 h of APAP adminstration mice than that of in control group mice (P<0.05). The histopathological alterations and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) levels were most severe at 12 h of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. APAP treatment induced oxidative stress by decreasing hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) (P<0.05), and enhancing malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P<0.05). Moreover, APAP inhibited erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidative pathway with decreased of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins levels. Furthermore, APAP aggravated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by increasing of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 proteins levels. Finally, APAP further significantly activated the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. This study demonstrated that APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting of Nrf2 antioxidative pathway and promoting TLR4-NF-κB-MAPK inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ling Shen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yan-Na Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Meng-Han Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Kang-Ning Ding
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Shao-Shan Liang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Rui-Wei Mou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yong-Ming He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
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Crosstalk of TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-kB, STAT1 and redox signaling in lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine/dimethylsulfoxide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:370-381. [PMID: 37026046 PMCID: PMC10071328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The clinical study of fulminant hepatic failure is challenging due to its high mortality and relative rarity, necessitating reliance on pre-clinical models to gain insight into its pathophysiology and develop potential therapies. Methods and Results In our study, the combination of the commonly used solvent dimethyl sulfoxide to the current-day model of lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-caused fulminant hepatic failure was found to cause significantly greater hepatic damage, as indicated by alanine aminotransferase level. The effect was dose-dependent, with the maximum increase in alanine aminotransferase observed following 200 μl/kg dimethyl sulfoxide co-administration. Co-administration of 200 μl/kg dimethyl sulfoxide also remarkably increased histopathological changes induced by lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine. Importantly, alanine aminotransferase levels and survival rate in the 200 μl/kg dimethyl sulfoxide co-administration groups were both greater than those in the classical lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine model. We found that dimethyl sulfoxide co-administration aggravated lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-caused liver damage by stimulating inflammatory signaling, as indicated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels. Further, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and transcription factor activator 1 (STAT1) were upregulated, as was neutrophil recruitment, indicated by myeloperoxidase activity. Hepatocyte apoptosis was also increased, and greater nitro-oxidative stress was noted, as determined based on nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels. Conclusion Co-treatment with low doses of dimethyl sulfoxide enhanced the lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-caused hepatic failure in animals, with higher toxicity and greater survival rates. The current findings also highlight the potential danger of using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent in experiments involving the hepatic immune system, suggesting that the new lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine/dimethyl sulfoxide model described herein could be used for pharmacological screening with the goal to better understand hepatic failure and evaluate treatment approaches.
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Didamoony MA, Atwa AM, Abd El-Haleim EA, Ahmed LA. Bromelain ameliorates D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury: role of SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK, GSK3β/Nrf2 and NF-κB p65/TNF-α/caspase-8, -9 signalling pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1765-1775. [PMID: 36227279 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present research focused on estimating, for the first time, the potential protective effects of bromelain against D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in rats as well as identifying the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Silymarin (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) as a reference drug or bromelain (20 and 40 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were administered for 10 days, and on the 8th day of the experiment, a single dose of galactosamine (400 mg/kg/i.p.) induced acute liver injury. KEY FINDINGS Pretreatment with bromelain improved liver functions and histopathological alterations induced by galactosamine. Bromelain ameliorated oxidative stress by inducing SIRT1 protein expression and increasing LKB1 content. This resulted in phosphorylating the AMPK/GSK3β axis, which stimulated Nrf2 activation in hepatic cells and thus increased the activity of its downstream antioxidant enzymes [HO-1 and NQO1]. Besides, bromelain exerted significant anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing hepatic contents of TNF-α, NF-κB p65, as well as caspase-8 and caspase-9. The protective effects of bromelain40 were proved to be better than silymarin and bromelain20 in most of the assessed parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the significant hepatoprotective effects of bromelain against acute liver injury through modulation of SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK, GSK3β/Nrf2 signalling in addition to NF-κB p65/TNF-α/ caspase-8 and -9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Didamoony
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
| | - Enas A Abd El-Haleim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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Rakshit S, Sahu N, Nirala SK, Bhadauria M. Protective activity of purpurin against d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatorenal injury by upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in the RBC degradation cycle. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23168. [PMID: 35838105 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure, associated with oxidative stress and sustained inflammation is the major clinical manifestation of liver diseases with a high mortality rate due to limited therapeutic options. Purpurin is a bioactive compound of Rubia cordifolia that has been used in textile staining, as a food additive, and as a treatment of multiple chronic and metabolic diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. The present work aimed to investigate the protective efficacy of purpurin against hepatorenal damage. Thirty-six female albino rats were equally assigned into six groups. Purpurin was administered orally once a day for 6 days at doses of 05, 10, and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (50 μg/kg) was administered to the animals on 6th day evening, 1 h after d-galactosamine (300 mg/kg) administration to induce hepatorenal injury. The results revealed that purpurin alleviated alterations in serological and hematological parameters as well as restored histoarchitectural and cellular integrity of the liver and kidney. Purpurin restored superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione content in hepatorenal tissues. Accompanied by the diminution of increased bilirubin and biliverdin, purpurin also diminished total cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipid peroxidation in hepatorenal tissues. Purpurin markedly attenuated the elevation of CYP2E1, restored glutathione-S-transferase, and prevented DNA damage in hepatorenal tissues. Purpurin reduced iron overload by reducing heme depletion and recycling of ferritin and hemosiderin. It also reinforced biliverdin reductase, heme oxygenase-1 to employ hepatorenal protection by regulating antioxidant enzymes and other pathways that produced NADPH. Thus, it may be concluded that purpurin has protective potential against acute hepatorenal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Rakshit
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nisha Sahu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Satendra Kumar Nirala
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Rural Technology and Social Development, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Monika Bhadauria
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Ding Y, Zhang S, Sun Z, Tong Z, Ge Y, Zhou L, Xu Q, Zhou H, Wang W. Preclinical validation of silibinin/albumin nanoparticles as an applicable system against acute liver injury. Acta Biomater 2022; 146:385-395. [PMID: 35460909 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silibinin (SIL) has been extensively studied for its therapeutic effects on various liver diseases. However, its effect on acute liver injury was limited for poor solubility and low bioavailability. Thus, we prepared SIL and bovine serum albumin (SIL/BSA) nanoparticles and further evaluated their therapeutic efficacy against acute liver injury in mouse models. METHODS SIL/BSA nanoparticles were prepared via a nanoprecipitation method. Both in vitro cell culture model and in vivo mouse models of acetaminophen (APAP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver injury were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SIL/BSA nanoparticles and potential mechanisms. RESULTS The SIL/BSA nanoparticles with hydrophilic diameters of 90 ± 29 nm were stably suspended. SIL/BSA nanoparticles presented better biocompatibility and more liver distribution in vivo than SIL microparticles. SIL/BSA nanoparticles significantly alleviated APAP and LPS/D-GalN induced acute liver injury in mice. Similarly, SIL/BSA nanoparticles remarkably enhanced the viability of hepatocytes in vitro against both APAP and LPS/D-GalN induced hepatocyte damage. Moreover, SIL/BSA nanoparticles exhibited antioxidant effects against intracellular oxidative stress via upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway, decreasing ROS and regulating antioxidant enzyme reactivity. And the downstream of mitochondria damage and caspase 9/3 related apoptosis pathway was also inhibited CONCLUSION: SIL/BSA nanoparticles were successfully prepared to enhance the liver availability of SIL. Both in vivo and in vitro, SIL/BSA nanoparticles exerted ideal hepatoprotective and antioxidant efficacy against acute liver injury, suggesting the promising future in clinical transfer. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In our study, we prepared small-size, stable and well-dispersed silibinin/bovine serum albumin (SIL/BSA) nanoparticles via using simple and cost-effective nanoprecipitation techniques. Their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics were analyzed. We systematically studied the hepatoprotective and antioxidant efficacy of SIL/BSA both in vivo and in vitro, using two acute liver injury models. These findings revealed that SIL/BSA nanoparticles exerted ideal hepatoprotective and antioxidant efficacy against acute liver injury, suggesting the promising future in clinical transfer.
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Chen CL, Tseng PC, Satria RD, Nguyen TT, Tsai CC, Lin CF. Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Interferon-γ-Mediated Immune Hepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094669. [PMID: 35563060 PMCID: PMC9101719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a serine/threonine kinase, is a vital glycogen synthase regulator controlling glycogen synthesis, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling. GSK-3 is widely expressed in different types of cells, and its abundant roles in cellular bioregulation have been speculated. Abnormal GSK-3 activation and inactivation may affect its original bioactivity. Moreover, active and inactive GSK-3 can regulate several cytosolic factors and modulate their diverse cellular functional roles. Studies in experimental liver disease models have illustrated the possible pathological role of GSK-3 in facilitating acute hepatic injury. Pharmacologically targeting GSK-3 is therefore suggested as a therapeutic strategy for liver protection. Furthermore, while the signaling transduction of GSK-3 facilitates proinflammatory interferon (IFN)-γ in vitro and in vivo, the blockade of GSK-3 can be protective, as shown by an IFN-γ-induced immune hepatitis model. In this study, we explored the possible regulation of GSK-3 and the potential relevance of GSK-3 blockade in IFN-γ-mediated immune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Rahmat Dani Satria
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Clinical Laboratory Installation, Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Thi Thuy Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam
| | - Cheng-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 703, Taiwan
- Department of Long Term Care Management, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 703, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (C.-F.L.)
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (C.-F.L.)
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Jiao F, Zhang Z, Hu H, Zhang Y, Xiong Y. SIRT6 Activator UBCS039 Inhibits Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837544. [PMID: 35517808 PMCID: PMC9065480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 has been reported to have multiple functions in inflammation and metabolism. In the present study, we explored the regulatory effects and mechanisms of SIRT6 in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced mice acute liver failure (ALF) models. The SIRT6 activator UBCS039 was used in this animal and cell experiments. We observed that UBCS039 ameliorated liver damage, including inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Further study of mechanisms showed that the upregulation of SIRT6 inhibited the inflammation reaction by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in the TAA-induced ALF mice model and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. In addition, the upregulation of SIRT6 alleviated oxidative stress damage in hepatocytes by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These findings demonstrate that pharmacologic activator of SIRT6 could be a promising target for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtu Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Huang S, Wang Y, Xie S, Lai Y, Mo C, Zeng T, Kuang S, Deng G, Zhou C, Chen Y, Huang S, Gao L, Lv Z. Hepatic TGFβr1 Deficiency Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure Through Inhibiting GSK3β-Nrf2-Mediated Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Ferroptosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1649-1672. [PMID: 35202887 PMCID: PMC9046809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is a condition with high mortality and morbidity, characterized by glutathione depletion, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ferroptosis may be involved in ALF. Indeed, emerging studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a significant role in ALF. However, the mechanism of ferroptosis in hepatocytes during ALF remains unknown. METHODS Hepatic-specific transforming growth factor β receptor 1 knockout (TGFβr1Δhep-CKO) mice and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) mice were generated and subjected to ALF. Electron microscopy was used to detect mitochondrial and other cell substructure changes during ALF. RESULTS In this study, we noticed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced caspases-mediated apoptosis as current research reported, we also found lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and glutathione, co-enzyme Q10 system inhibition mediated ferroptosis during LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF. Rescue studies have shown that ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM), the inhibitor of ferroptosis, could alleviate LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF. In addition, we noticed that TGFβ1 was increased during ALF, while ALF was relieved in TGFβr1Δhep-CKO mice. We also noticed that liver TGFβr1 deficiency alleviated LPS/D-GalN-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis by affecting the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and Nrf2, a key antioxidant factor, by up-regulating the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), glutamine antiporter xCT (XCT), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), and down-regulating transferrin receptor (TFR), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (Ptgs2), chaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1), and cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) expression. The further supplemental experiment showed that ferroptosis was aggravated significantly in Nrf2-/- mice compared with its wild-type controls and reversed by ferrostatin-1. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that TGFβr1 plays a critical role in mediating LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF by promoting apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Shaohui Huang, Zhiping Lv, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chan Mo
- Medical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Kuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdeng Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Gao
- ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Correspondence Corresponding author address: Lei Gao, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510285, China.
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Shaohui Huang, Zhiping Lv, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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11
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Gong J, Chen Y, Cao J, Wang Y, Chen J, Li D, Sha L, Li X, Chong Y, Hu B. The Immune Landscape of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute Liver Failure by Integration Analysis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6764379. [PMID: 35036448 PMCID: PMC8758293 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6764379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus-related acute liver failure (HBV-ALF) is a common type of liver failure, associated with high short-term mortality and morbidity rates. However, the immune landscape of HBV-ALF and its correlation with cell death are currently unknown. Based on 3 Gene Expression Omnibus data sets, infiltrated immune cells were quantified by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis method. The expression levels of immune genes and the abundance of immune cells in liver failure were compared with those in normal liver. The enrichment scores of cell death gene sets from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were calculated by gene set variation analysis method, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape. Besides 21 differentially expressed immune genes, we identified 11 types of differentially infiltrated immune cells in HBV-ALF compared with normal liver. Enriched pathways of these immune genes mainly consisted of chemokine receptors, chemokine binding, interleukin-10 signaling, and TNFs bind their physiological receptors by Reactome pathway analysis. In addition, the enrichment scores of apoptosis and necroptosis pathway instead of autophagy and ferroptosis were increased in liver failure compared with normal liver. PPI network and gene cluster analysis of immune genes and apoptosis and necroptosis genes suggested that hub genes were mainly related to immune response and apoptosis. In summary, our study offers a conceptual framework to understand the immune landscape of HBV-ALF, which might help to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Gong
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cao
- 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Li
- 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuping Sha
- 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutian Chong
- 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Liu GZ, Xu XW, Tao SH, Gao MJ, Hou ZH. HBx facilitates ferroptosis in acute liver failure via EZH2 mediated SLC7A11 suppression. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:67. [PMID: 34615538 PMCID: PMC8495979 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute liver failure (ALF) is a syndrome of severe hepatocyte injury with high rate of mortality. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major cause of ALF worldwide, however, the underlying mechanism by which HBV infection leads to ALF has not been fully disclosed. Methods D-GalN-induced hepatocyte injury model and LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF mice model were used to investigate the effects of HBV X protein (HBx) in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Cell viability and the levels of Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron were measured using commercial kits. The expression of ferroptosis-related molecules were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Epigenetic modification and protein interaction were detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), respectively. Mouse liver function was assessed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The histological changes in liver tissues were monitored by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and SLC7A11 immunoreactivity was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Results D-GalN triggered ferroptosis in primary hepatocytes. HBx potentiated D-GalN-induced hepatotoxicity and ferroptosis in vitro, and it suppressed SLC7A11 expression through H3K27me3 modification by EZH2. In addition, EZH2 inhibition or SLC7A11 overexpression attenuated the effects of HBx on D-GalN-induced ferroptosis in primary hepatocytes. The ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) protected against ALF and ferroptosis in vivo. By contrast, HBx exacerbates LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF and ferroptosis in HBx transgenic (HBx-Tg) mice. Conclusion HBx facilitates ferroptosis in ALF via EZH2/H3K27me3-mediated SLC7A11 suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xu-Wen Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Hui Tao
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518100, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Jian Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhou-Hua Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Hu K, Xiao L, Li L, Shen Y, Yang Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wen S, Tang L. The mitochondria-targeting antioxidant MitoQ alleviated lipopolysaccharide/ d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:24-30. [PMID: 34525396 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathological condition, but the significance of mitochondrial ROS in the development of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-induced acute liver injury remains unclear. In the present study, the level of mitochondrial ROS in LPS/D-Gal has been determined by MitoSox staining and the potential roles of mitochondrial ROS in LPS/D-Gal-induced liver injury have been investigated by using the mitochondria-targeting antioxidant MitoQ. The results indicated that LPS/D-Gal exposure induced the generation of mitochondrial ROS while treatment with MitoQ reduced the level of mitochondrial ROS. Treatment with MitoQ ameliorated LPS/D-Gal-induced histopathologic abnormalities, suppressed the elevation of AST and ALT, and increased the survival rate of the experimental animals. Treatment with MitoQ also suppressed LPS/D-Gal-induced production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), inhibited the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, decreased the level of cleaved caspase-3 and reduced the counts of TUNEL positive cells. These results indicate that mitochondrial ROS is involved in the development of LPS-induced acute liver injury and the mitochondria-targeting antioxidant MitoQ might have potential value for the treatment of inflammation-based acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Laboratory of Stem cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lidan Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Wen
- Department of General medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Li Tang
- Laboratory of Stem cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Hu J, Zhu Z, Ying H, Yao J, Ma H, Li L, Zhao Y. Oleoylethanolamide Protects Against Acute Liver Injury by Regulating Nrf-2/HO-1 and NLRP3 Pathways in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:605065. [PMID: 33536915 PMCID: PMC7848133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.605065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury is a rapidly deteriorating clinical condition with markedly high morbidity and mortality. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid messenger with multiple bioactivities, and has therapeutic effects on various liver diseases. However, effects of OEA on acute liver injury remains unknown. In this study, effects and mechanisms of OEA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (D-Gal)-induced acute liver injury in mice were investigated. We found that OEA treatment significantly attenuated LPS/D-Gal-induced hepatocytes damage, reduced liver index (liver weight/body weight), decreased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Moreover, mechanism study suggested that OEA pretreatment significantly reduced hepatic MDA levels, increased Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities via up-regulate Nrf-2 and HO-1 expression to exert anti-oxidation activity. Additionally, OEA markedly reduced the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 to suppress hepatocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, OEA remarkedly reduced the number of activated intrahepatic macrophages, and alleviated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-6, MCP1 and RANTES. Furthermore, OEA obviously reduced the expression of IL-1β in liver and plasma through inhibit protein levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1, which indicated that OEA could suppress NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. We further determined the protein expression of PPAR-α in liver and found that OEA significantly increase hepatic PPAR-α expression. In addition, HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP blocked the therapeutic effects of OEA on LPS/D-Gal-induced liver damage and oxidative stress, suggesting crucial role of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway in the protective effects of OEA in acute liver injury. Together, these findings demonstrated that OEA protect against the LPS/D-Gal-induced acute liver injury in mice through the inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, and its mechanisms might be associated with the Nrf-2/HO-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Hu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhoujie Zhu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hanglu Ying
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Huabin Ma
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Long Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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15
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Rakshit S, Nirala SK, Bhadauria M. Gallic Acid Protects from Acute Multiorgan Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 21:1489-1504. [PMID: 32538720 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200615165732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary metabolites of plants, the polyphenols, play a vital role in protection from many health problems in human beings. Structurally favored phytochemicals may be studied to protect multiorgan injury. At pharmacological doses, gallic acid is nontoxic to mammals and is generally absorbed in the intestine. AIMS In this present study, gallic acid was evaluated for its protective efficacy against Lipo Polysaccharide (LPS) and d-Galactosamine (D-GalN) induced multiorgan injury, i.e., liver, kidney and brain. METHODS Three different doses of gallic acid (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) were administered to the experimental animals for 6 consecutive days, followed by exposure to LPS (50 μg/kg I.P.) and D-GalN (300 mg/kg I.P.) on the 6th day. RESULTS Exposure to LPS and D-GalN resulted in increased oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. Altered hematology and serology due to LPS and D-GalN were restored towards control by gallic acid. Declined antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase due to injurious effects of LPS and D-GalN were rejuvenated by gallic acid. DISCUSSION Exposure to LPS and D-GalN severely increased lipid peroxidation, CYP2E1 activity and tissue lipids while lowered protein content. Gallic acid restored all these parameters towards control in dose dependent manner and 20 mg/kg dose provided the best protection. Histological study showed improved histoarchitecture of liver, kidney and brain that supported biochemical endpoints. CONCLUSION Gallic acid minimized oxidative stress and provided best protection at 20 mg/kg dose against LPS and D-GalN induced multi organ acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Rakshit
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495009 (C.G.), India
| | - Satendra K Nirala
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Rural Technology and Social Development Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495009 (C.G.), India
| | - Monika Bhadauria
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495009 (C.G.), India
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16
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Kim SR, Park EJ, Dusabimana T, Je J, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Cho KM, Kim H, Park SW. Platycodon grandiflorus Fermented Extracts Attenuate Endotoxin-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092802. [PMID: 32933130 PMCID: PMC7551015 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin-induced acute liver injury is mediated by an excessive inflammatory response, hepatocellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Traditional medicinal plants have been used to treat various disorders. Platycodon grandifloras (PG) has been shown to be beneficial in relieving cough and asthma and to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic activities. The pharmacological action of PG is mainly due to saponins, flavonoids, phenolic, and other compounds. However, raw PG exhibits some side effects at high doses. Here, we extracted raw PG with varying fermentation methods and examined its anti-inflammatory effect and associated signaling kinases in Raw264.7 cells. Then, we investigated the effect of fermented black PG (FBPG) on endotoxin-induced liver injury. Mice were administered FBPG orally at 1 h before the lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine (LPS/GalN) injection and sacrificed after 5 h. Black PG (BPG) and FBPG showed a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular nitric oxide (NO); p-38 and ERK signaling was involved in reducing inducible NO synthase in Raw264.7 cells. Consistently, FBPG attenuates LPS/GalN-induced liver injury; plasma ALT and AST, hepatic necrosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation were all reduced. In conclusion, PG extracts, particularly FBPG, play anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic roles, alleviating endotoxin-induced acute liver injury. Processing raw PG into FBPG extract may be clinically useful by improving the pharmacologically active ingredients and reducing the required dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
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The emerging role of ferroptosis in non-cancer liver diseases: hype or increasing hope? Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:518. [PMID: 32647111 PMCID: PMC7347946 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron- and lipotoxicity-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD). It is morphologically and biochemically distinct from characteristics of other cell death. This modality has been intensively investigated in recent years due to its involvement in a wide array of pathologies, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and acute kidney injury. Dysregulation of ferroptosis has also been linked to various liver diseases and its modification may provide a hopeful and attractive therapeutic concept. Indeed, targeting ferroptosis may prevent the pathophysiological progression of several liver diseases, such as hemochromatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and ethanol-induced liver injury. On the contrary, enhancing ferroptosis may promote sorafenib-induced ferroptosis and pave the way for combination therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and system xc− have been identified as key players to mediate ferroptosis pathway. More recently diverse signaling pathways have also been observed. The connection between ferroptosis and other forms of RCD is intricate and compelling, where discoveries in this field advance our understanding of cell survival and fate. In this review, we summarize the central molecular machinery of ferroptosis, describe the role of ferroptosis in non-cancer hepatic disease conditions and discuss the potential to manipulate ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy.
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Emma MR, Augello G, Cusimano A, Azzolina A, Montalto G, McCubrey JA, Cervello M. GSK-3 in liver diseases: Friend or foe? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118743. [PMID: 32417256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases, including hepatitis due to hepatitis B or C virus infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma pose major challenges for overall health due to limited curative treatment options. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. A better understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases can help to improve the efficacy of emerging therapies, mainly based on pharmacological approaches, which influence one or more specific molecules involved in key signal transduction pathways. These emerging therapies are very promising for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. One promising druggable molecular target is the multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). In this review, we discuss conditions in which GSK-3 is implicated in liver diseases. In addition, we explore newly emerging drugs that target GSK-3β, as well as their potential use in and impact on the management of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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19
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Luo Y, Yang Y, Shen Y, Li L, Huang J, Tang L, Zhang L. Luzindole attenuates LPS/d-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis in mice. Innate Immun 2019; 26:319-327. [PMID: 31779498 PMCID: PMC7251793 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919890912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-documented hormone that plays central roles in the regulation
of sleep–wake cycles. There is cumulative evidence to suggest that melatonin is
also a pleiotropic regulator of inflammation, and luzindole has been widely used
as a melatonin receptor antagonist. This study investigated the potential
effects of luzindole on LPS/d-galactosamine (d-GalN)-induced
acute hepatitis. The results indicated that treatment with luzindole alleviated
histological damage in the liver, reduced the level of transaminases in plasma
and improved the survival of LPS/d-GalN-exposed mice. Treatment with
luzindole also suppressed the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α
and IL-6 in LPS/d-GalN-exposed mice. In addition, treatment with
luzindole inhibited the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and suppressed the
cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Therefore, treatment with
luzindole attenuates LPS/d-GalN-induced acute liver injury, suggesting
that luzindole might have potential value for the intervention of
inflammation-based hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China.,Laboratory of Stem cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
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20
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Shi C, Jiao F, Gong Z. Mechanism of glycyrrhizin on ferroptosis during acute liver failure by inhibiting oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4081-4090. [PMID: 31545489 PMCID: PMC6797988 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the anti‑ferroptosis effects of the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin (GLY). The present study used a cell and animal model of acute liver failure (ALF), induced using tumor necrosis factor‑α, lipopolysaccharide and D‑galactosamine, to investigate the effects of GLY. The expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) were detected were detected by western blotting in L02 hepatocytes and mouse liver. The expression of GPX4 and HMGB1 in L02 hepatocytes and mouse liver was detected by immunofluorescence. The pathological changes to liver tissues were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Fe2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) were tested using kits. Compared with the normal group, the degree of liver damage and liver function in the model animal group was severe. The protein levels of HMGB1 in L02 cells and liver tissues were significantly increased. The expression of NRF2, HO‑1 and GPX4 was significantly decreased. The levels of LDH, Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS were increased, whereas the level of GSH was decreased. Treatment with GLY reduced the degree of liver damage, the expression of HMGB1 was decreased, and the levels of Nrf2, HO‑1 and GPX4 were increased. The levels of LDH, Fe2+, MDA, ROS were decreased, while the level of GSH was increased by GLY treatment. The results of the present study indicated that HMGB1 is involved in the process of ferroptosis. The HMGB1 inhibitor GLY significantly reduced the degree of ferroptosis during ALF by inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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21
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Sotoudeh R, Hadjzadeh MAR, Gholamnezhad Z, Aghaei A. The anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of a combination of Commiphora mukul, Commiphora myrrha and Terminalia chebula in diabetic rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2019; 9:454-464. [PMID: 31516859 PMCID: PMC6727431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effects of Commiphora mukul and Commiphora myrrha ethanolic extracts and Terminalia chebula hydro-ethanolic extract combination were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (n=48) were randomly assigned into: control; diabetic; diabetic+metformin (300 mg/kg); diabetic+dose 1 of herbal combination (438 mg/kg of C. mukul+214 mg/kg of C. myrrha+857 mg/kg of T. chebula); diabetic+dose 2 (642 mg/kg of C. mukul+214 mg/kg of C. myrrha+642 mg/kg of T. chebula); and diabetic+dose 3 (857 mg/kg of C. mukul+438 mg/kg of C. myrrha+1714 mg/kg t of T. chebula). All treatments were given orally by gavage. Diabetes was induced by STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). At the end of study (day 28), blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile; as well as hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined. RESULTS In diabetic rats, plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL-C, as well as hepatic MDA levels were elevated but plasma HDL-C and insulin, and hepatic thiol content and SOD and CAT activities were reduced compared to control (p<0.01-p<0.001). In diabetic+dose 3, plasma TC, TG, and LDL-C and hepatic MDA level decreased (p<0.001), while plasma HDL-C and insulin, and hepatic thiol content, and SOD and CAT activities increased compared to diabetic (p<0.01-p<0.001). Treatment with dose 1 and 2 improved such abnormalities in diabetic rats except for insulin level (p<0.05-p<0.001). The herbal combination effects were comparable to those of metformin. Metformin did not significantly change serum insulin and HDL-C levels, and hepatic SOD activity; however, serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, as well as hepatic MDA levels, thiol content and CAT activity were improved compared to diabetic (p<0.05-p<0.001). CONCLUSION These results indicate that this herbal combination acts as an anti-diabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic agent and it may be suggested as a beneficial remedy for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Sotoudeh
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mousa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Azita Aghaei
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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22
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Li YT, Ye JZ, Lv LX, Xu H, Yang LY, Jiang XW, Wu WR, Shi D, Fang DQ, Bian XY, Wang KC, Wang QQ, Xie JJ, Lu YM, Li LJ. Pretreatment With Bacillus cereus Preserves Against D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury in a Rat Model. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1751. [PMID: 31417535 PMCID: PMC6685349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) functions as a probiotic in animals, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aim to evaluate the protective effects and definite mechanism by which orally administered B. cereus prevents D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced liver injury in rats. Twenty-one Sprague–Dawley rats were equally assigned into three groups (N = 7 animals per group). B. cereus ATCC11778 (2 × 109 colony-forming units/ml) was administered to the B. cereus group via gavage, and phosphate-buffered saline was administered to the positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) groups for 2 weeks. The PC and B. cereus groups received 1.1 g/kg D-GalN via an intraperitoneal injection to induce liver injury. The blood, terminal ileum, liver, kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were collected for histological examinations and to evaluate bacterial translocation. Liver function was also determined. Fecal samples were collected for deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA on an Illumina MiSeq platform. B. cereus significantly attenuated D-GalN-induced liver injury and improved serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum cholinesterase levels (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). B. cereus modulated cytokine secretion, as indicated by the elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in both the liver and plasma (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and the substantially decreased levels of the cytokine IL-13 in the liver (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with B. cereus attenuated anoxygenic bacterial translocation in the veins (P < 0.05) and liver (P < 0.05) and upregulated the expression of the tight junction protein 1. The gut microbiota from the B. cereus group clustered separately from that of the PC group, with an increase in species of the Ruminococcaceae and Peptococcaceae families and a decrease in those of the Parabacteroides, Paraprevotella, and Desulfovibrio families. The potential probiotic B. cereus attenuated liver injury by restoring the gut flora balance and enhancing the intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long-Xian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dai-Qiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Cen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Meng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Liu L, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Zhang R, Luo S, Ye P, Luo M. The antagonistic effect of tamoxifen against d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver failure is associated with reactivation of hepatic nuclear factor-κB. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:192-198. [PMID: 30721100 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1569044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Context: Tamoxifen (TAM) ameliorates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (Gal/LPS)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) through its antioxidative effect; thus, this study was designed to determine whether the effectiveness of TAM is related to nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) reactivation. Materials and methods: Experimental mice were injected with TAM once daily for 3 consecutive days intraperitoneally (i.p). Twelve hours after pretreatment, Gal/LPS was given to mice (i.p) for ALF induction. In the positive control group, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was administered immediately after ALF establishment. Except for survival observation, other animals were sacrificed 7 h after Gal/LPS treatment. Survival and hepatic failure were evaluated. For the oxidation assessment, the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were analyzed using both colorimetry and Western blotting. Lastly, hepatic NF-κB activation was measured through Western blot analysis of p65 and IκBα. Results: The results indicated that pretreatment with TAM dramatically attenuated Gal/LPS-induced ALF, as demonstrated by improved survival (70%), decreased transaminase levels, and reversed histopathological manifestation. In addition, the hepatic GSH/GSSG ratio and SOD activity were decreased in the ALF model. However, to some degree, TAM and NAC effectively prevented this undesirable phenomenon in contrast to the ALF model. Western blotting revealed that compared with mice in the ALF model group, mice treated with TAM or NAC showed reactivation of hepatic NF-κB. Conclusions: Taking the results together with those of other studies, we conclude that TAM may attenuate Gal/LPS-induced ALF by antagonizing oxidative stress through NF-κB reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- a The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University , Ganzhou , Jiangxi , China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- b The People's Hospital of Xinfeng County , Ganzhou , Jiangxi , China
| | - Yan Lin
- a The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University , Ganzhou , Jiangxi , China
| | - Rongshan Zhang
- a The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University , Ganzhou , Jiangxi , China
| | - Shi Luo
- a The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University , Ganzhou , Jiangxi , China
| | - Ping Ye
- a The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University , Ganzhou , Jiangxi , China
| | - Mansheng Luo
- a The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University , Ganzhou , Jiangxi , China
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24
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Yang YQ, Yan XT, Wang K, Tian RM, Lu ZY, Wu LL, Xu HT, Wu YS, Liu XS, Mao W, Xu P, Liu B. Triptriolide Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury by Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:999. [PMID: 30210350 PMCID: PMC6124152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2) transcription factor not only regulates oxidative stress response, but also represses inflammation by regulating cytokines production and cross-talking with NF-κB signaling pathways. Nrf2 plays an essential role in liver injury induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. Triptriolide (T11) is a minor component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF), which can be obtained by hydrolysis reaction of triptolide (T9). The major purpose of this study is to clarify the regulating effects of T11 on oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were used to verify the regulating effects of T11 on oxidative stress (ROS and Nrf2 signaling pathway) and inflammatory cytokines production (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β). The antioxidant responsive element (ARE) luciferase assay was employed to evaluate Nrf2 activation effect of T11 in HEK-293T cells. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced acute liver injury (ALI) in BALB/c mice were used to study the protective effects (ALT, AST, MDA, SOD, histopathology and neutrophils/macrophages filtration) and the underlying protection mechanisms of ALI amelioration (Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway) of T11. Firstly, the results showed that T11 can not only effectively decrease the productions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), ROS and NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but also further significantly increase the activity of Nrf2 in HEK-293T cells. Secondly, the results suggested that T11 could dramatically decrease the oxidative stress responses (SOD and MDA) and inflammation (histopathology, neutrophils/macrophages filtration, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production) in LPS-induced ALI in BALB/c mice. Finally, the results implied that T11 could dramatically increase Nrf2 protein expression and decrease p-TAK1, p-IκBα and NF-κB protein expression both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our findings indicated that T11 could alleviate LPS induced oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo, which offers a novel insights for the application of TwHF in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Teng Yan
- Affiliated Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Min Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Lan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Utaipan T, Suksamrarn A, Kaemchantuek P, Chokchaisiri R, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W, Chunglok W. Diterpenoid trigonoreidon B isolated from Trigonostemon reidioides alleviates inflammation in models of LPS-stimulated murine macrophages and inflammatory liver injury in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:961-971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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26
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Cui Q, Pan Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Ren S, Wang D, Wang Z, Liu X, Xiao W. Metabolites of Dietary Acteoside: Profiles, Isolation, Identification, and Hepatoprotective Capacities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2660-2668. [PMID: 29478321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cistanche tea has been increasingly used as a major herbal supplement in functional drinks, and it has attracted a growing number of consumers because of its excellent tonic effects and medicinal properties. Acteoside (ACT), which is the principal bioactive component of Chinese cistanche tea, possesses various pharmacological effects. This study profiled, isolated, identified, and investigated the hepatoprotective capacities of metabolites in rat urine after the administration of ACT. Eleven metabolites, including one new compound (M8), were obtained and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the first time. Compared with native ACT, ACT metabolites such as hydroxytyrosol (HT), 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP), and caffeic acid (CA) exhibited higher hepatoprotective activities by regulating oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory responses in a GalN/LPS-induced-acute-hepatic-injury mouse model. The HT treatment markedly reduced the levels of TNF-α to 280 ± 14.3 ng/L compared with the model group (429 ± 9.20 ng/L, p < 0.01). The results obtained indicated that cistanche tea could be developed as a functional drink for the prevention of hepatic injuries and that ACT metabolites could be responsible for the potent hepatoprotective activity as well as the other therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , 103 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Yingni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , 103 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. , Lianyungang 222001 , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , 103 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , 103 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Shumeng Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , 103 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , 103 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. , Lianyungang 222001 , China
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process , Lianyungang 222001 , China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , 103 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. , Lianyungang 222001 , China
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process , Lianyungang 222001 , China
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27
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Multifaceted Roles of GSK-3 in Cancer and Autophagy-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4629495. [PMID: 29379583 PMCID: PMC5742885 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4629495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GSK-3 is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase existing as GSK-3α and GSK-3β isoforms, both active under basal conditions and inactivated upon phosphorylation by different upstream kinases. Initially discovered as a regulator of glycogen synthesis, GSK-3 is also involved in several signaling pathways controlling many different key functions. Here, we discuss recent advances regarding (i) GSK-3 structure, function, regulation, and involvement in several cancers, including hepatocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, and melanoma (active GSK-3 has been shown to induce apoptosis in some cases or inhibit apoptosis in other cases and to induce cancer progression or inhibit tumor cell proliferation, suggesting that different GSK-3 modulators may address different specific targets); (ii) GSK-3 involvement in autophagy modulation, reviewing signaling pathways involved in neurodegenerative and liver diseases; (iii) GSK-3 role in oxidative stress and autophagic cell death, focusing on liver injury; (iv) GSK-3 as a possible therapeutic target of natural substances and synthetic inhibitors in many diseases; and (v) GSK-3 role as modulator of mammalian aging, related to metabolic alterations characterizing senescent cells and age-related diseases. Studies summarized here underline the GSK-3 multifaceted role and indicate such kinase as a molecular target in different pathologies, including diseases associated with autophagy dysregulation.
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28
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A Phenolic Acid and Flavonoid Fraction Isolated from Lolium multiflorum Lam. Prevents d-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Damages through the Augmentation of Nrf2 Expression. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 34:68-75. [PMID: 30728675 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to explore whether a phenolic acid and flavonoid fraction (named PAFF) isolated from Lolium multiflorum Lam. protects against d-galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver damages in mice and to investigate the associated mechanisms. ICR mice received oral administration with various concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) of PAFF once per 2 days for seven times before intraperitoneal injection with 800 mg/kg GalN. After a day of GalN challenge, blood and tissue samples were analyzed by biochemical, histopathological, real time RT-PCR, and Western blot methods. GalN challenge induced severe damage to hepatocytes with hepatocellular vacuolization and necrosis. GalN treatment increased serum ALT, ALP, AST, and LDH levels and hepatic MDA levels and stimulated mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver. GalN treatment also diminished the levels of GSH and the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx in the liver. However, combined treatment with PAFF inhibited GalN-mediated increases in the histological damages and the levels of serum enzymes and hepatic MDA, restored the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes up to those in the control values, and augmented the GalN-stimulated expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver. Furthermore, PAFF treatment alone increased the cellular SOD activity and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver. Our results suggest that PAFF may protect against GalN-induced liver damage by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing cellular antioxidant activities through an activation of Nrf2/HO-1-dependent pathway.
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Misawa H, Ohashi W, Tomita K, Hattori K, Shimada Y, Hattori Y. Prostacyclin mimetics afford protection against lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 334:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li Y, Lu L, Luo N, Wang YQ, Gao HM. Inhibition of PI3K/AKt/mTOR signaling pathway protects against d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver failure by chaperone-mediated autophagy in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:544-553. [PMID: 28577493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effects of PI3K/AKt/mTOR signaling pathway on the proliferation and apoptosis in acute liver failure (ALF) by chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA). METHODS The hepatocytes extracted from both normal rats and rats with ALF were assigned to control, acute injury, P13K agonist, and P13K inhibitor groups. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used as part of this investigation to detect the expression of PI3K/AKt/mTOR signaling pathway related-proteins (PI3K, AKt, mTOR), apoptosis related-proteins (Fas, Bax, Bcl-2), chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) marker proteins (LAMP-2A, HSC 70), p-PI3K, p-AKt, p-4E-BPI, and p-S6K. An MTT assay was used for analysis of cell proliferation after transfection. Flow cytometry is performed to detect the cell apoptosis. RESULTS In comparison to the normal group, the model group showed enhanced positive rate of PI3K, AKt, mTOR, increased expression levels of PI3K, AKt, mTOR, Fas, Bax, p-PI3K, p-AKt, p-4E-BPI and p-S6K, reduced expression levels of Bcl-2, LAMP-2A and HSC 70. The results in vitro experiment: compared with the acute injury group, the PI3K agonist group showed elevated expression levels of PI3K, AKt, mTOR, Fas, Bax, p-PI3K, p-AKt, p-4E-BPI and p-S6K, decreased expression levels of Bcl-2, LAMP-2A and HSC 70, inhibited cell proliferation, more arrested cells in G1 stage, and promoted cell apoptosis. Opposing this, the P13K inhibitor group exhibited an opposite trend. CONCLUSION In conclusion, inhibition of the PI3K/AKt/mTOR signaling pathway plays a protective role in ALF by promoting CMA expression, which could arrest cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Medical Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Ling Lu
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Medical Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Ning Luo
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Medical Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Medical Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Hong-Mei Gao
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Medical Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
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Zhang P, Zhang M, Wan M, Huang X, Jiang Y, Xu S, Luo M. Tamoxifen Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide/Galactosamine-induced Acute Liver Failure by Antagonizing Hepatic Inflammation and Apoptosis. Immunol Invest 2016; 46:284-294. [PMID: 27967264 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1250219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a common severe clinical syndrome in intensive care unit. No other methods are available for its prevention apart from supportive treatment and liver transplantation. Tamoxifen (TAM) was reported to attenuate ALF induced by excessive acetaminophen, while its effect on LPS-induced ALF remained unknown. For this, in the present study, we comprehensively assessed whether TAM can attenuate ALF induced by LPS/galactosamine (GaIN). Mice were given TAM once a day for three times. Twelve hours after the last treatment, mice were given LPS/GaIN (intraperitoneally [i.p.]). Survival, plasma transaminases, and histopathology were examined. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β were analyzed by ELISA. Hepatic apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL and caspase-3 Western blotting, respectively. Compared to the model group, ALF induced by LPS/GaIN was alleviated remarkably following TAM administration, as evidenced by the improvement of survival (87.5% vs. 37.5%), hepatic swell, moderate transaminases, slightly increased serum TNF-α, IL-1β (P < 0.05), and moderate histopathology. In respect of apoptosis, severe hepatocellular apoptosis was reduced notably by TAM treatment confirmed by less TUNEL-positive hepatocytes and decreased caspase-3 cleavage. The results demonstrated that TAM could attenuate LPS/GaIN-induced ALF effectively, probably due to hepatic inflammation and apoptosis antagonism. Furthermore, it was the first report about the effect of TAM on LPS/GaIN-induced ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- a Medical School of Jinggangshan University , Ji'an , Jiangxi , China
| | - Meisheng Zhang
- b Longgang District People's Hospital , Shenzhen , Guangdong , China
| | - Mengqi Wan
- a Medical School of Jinggangshan University , Ji'an , Jiangxi , China
| | - Xiaoliu Huang
- a Medical School of Jinggangshan University , Ji'an , Jiangxi , China
| | - Yan Jiang
- a Medical School of Jinggangshan University , Ji'an , Jiangxi , China
| | - Siying Xu
- a Medical School of Jinggangshan University , Ji'an , Jiangxi , China
| | - Mansheng Luo
- a Medical School of Jinggangshan University , Ji'an , Jiangxi , China
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Role of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress, Cytochrome P450 2E1, and Bile Acid Disturbance in Rat Liver Injury Induced by Isoniazid and Lipopolysaccharide Cotreatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:5285-93. [PMID: 27324775 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00854-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH) remains the core drug in tuberculosis management, but serious hepatotoxicity and potentially fatal liver injury continue to accompany INH consumption. Among numerous theories that have been established to explain INH-induced liver injury, an inflammatory stress theory has recently been widely used to explain the idiosyncrasy. Inflammatory stress usually sensitizes tissues to a drug's toxic consequences. Therefore, the present study was conducted to verify whether bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation may have a role in enhancing INH hepatotoxicity. While single INH or LPS administration showed no major toxicity signs, INH-LPS cotreatment intensified liver toxicity. Both blood biomarkers and histological evaluations clearly showed positive signs of severe liver damage accompanied by massive necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, and hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, elevated serum levels of bile acid associated with the repression of bile acid synthesis and transport regulatory parameters were observed. Moreover, the principal impact of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) on INH toxicity could be anticipated, as its protein expression showed enormous increases in INH-LPS-cotreated animals. Furthermore, the crucial role of CYP2E1 in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was clearly obvious in the repression of hepatic antioxidant parameters. In summary, these results confirmed that this LPS-induced inflammation model might prove valuable in revealing the hepatotoxic mechanisms of INH and the crucial role played by CYP2E1 in the initiation and propagation of INH-induced liver damage, information which could be very useful to clinicians in understanding the pathogenesis of drug-induced liver injury.
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Ren F, Zhang L, Zhang X, Shi H, Wen T, Bai L, Zheng S, Chen Y, Chen D, Li L, Duan Z. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β promotes autophagy to protect mice from acute liver failure mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2151. [PMID: 27010852 PMCID: PMC4823957 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity protects mice from acute liver failure (ALF), whereas its protective and regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Autophagy is a recently recognized rudimentary cellular response to inflammation and injury. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that inhibition of GSK3β mediates autophagy to inhibit liver inflammation and protect against ALF. In ALF mice model induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), autophagy was repressed compared with normal control, and D-GalN/LPS can directly induce autophagic flux in the progression of ALF mice. Autophagy activation by rapamycin protected against liver injury and its inhibition by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or autophagy gene 7 (Atg7) small interfering RNA (siRNA) exacerbated liver injury. The protective effect of GSK3β inhibition on ALF mice model depending on the induction of autophagy, because that inhibition of GSK3β promoted autophagy in vitro and in vivo, and inhibition of autophagy reversed liver protection and inflammation of GSK3β inhibition. Furthermore, inhibition of GSK3β increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and the downregulated PPARα by siRNA decreased autophagy induced by GSK3β inhibition. More importantly, the expressions of autophagy-related gene and PPARα are significantly downregulated and the activity of GSK3β is significantly upregulated in liver of ALF patients with hepatitis B virus. Thus, we have demonstrated the new pathological mechanism of ALF that the increased GSK3β activity suppresses autophagy to promote the occurrence and development of ALF by inhibiting PPARα pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ren
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhang
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - X Zhang
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - H Shi
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - T Wen
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Bai
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zheng
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Chen
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - D Chen
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Duan
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment & Training Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Zhu J, Liu Y, Chen X, Lei S, Li L, Jiang B, Tan L, Yu S, Zhao Y. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Influences Injury Following Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:518-31. [PMID: 27019634 PMCID: PMC4807413 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of GSK-3β is associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, no study has examined the effect of GSK-3β on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) as models of ischemia/reperfusion in rats in vitro and in vivo. Our study showed that knockdown of GSK-3β with a GSK-3β siRNA virus improved injury and increased viability of neurons subjected to OGD/R. Levels of total Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, and Nrf2 downstream proteins sulfiredoxin (Srx1) and thioredoxin (Trx1) increased after transfection with the GSK-3β siRNA virus. GSK-3β siRNA increased SOD activity and decreased MDA levels. Overexpression of GSK-3β with a pcDNA-GSK-3β virus showed opposite results. We also demonstrated that intracerebroventricular injection of GSK-3β siRNA in rats ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced brain infarct volume and water content, and reduced damage to cerebral cortical neurons after MCAO. Changes in total Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, Srx1, Trx1, SOD, and MDA were similar to those observed in vitro. Our results show for the first time that GSK-3β can influence cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The effects may be due to regulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and decreasing oxidative stress. These results suggest a potential new drug target for clinical treatment of stroke.
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Choi JW, Kim IH, Kim YM, Lee MK, Nam TJ. Pyropia yezoensis glycoprotein regulates antioxidant status and prevents hepatotoxicity in a rat model of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver failure. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3110-4. [PMID: 26935645 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Pyropia yezoensis glycoprotein (PYGP) on hepatic antioxidative enzyme activity and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in a rat model of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced hepatotoxicity. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were measured to determine the severity of hepatotoxicity. Treatment with D‑GalN/LPS significantly increased the GOT, GPT and lipid peroxidation levels, and decreased the antioxidant capacity of the rats. Treatment with PYGP (150 and 300 mg/kg/body weight) decreased the levels of GOT, GPT and lipid peroxidation levels. The activities of antioxidative enzymes, including catalase, glutathione S‑transferase and glutathione were upregulated following PYGP treatment. Furthermore, D‑GalN/LPS‑induced MAPK phosphorylation, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression were downregulated by PYGP. These results indicated that PYGP may exert hepatoprotective effects via the upregulation of antioxidative enzymes, and the downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway and iNOS and COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Wook Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Hu Z, Zhou B, Li X, Tao R. Chinese Herbal Preparation Xuebijing Potently Inhibits Inflammasome Activation in Hepatocytes and Ameliorates Mouse Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131436. [PMID: 26132490 PMCID: PMC4488587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese herb preparation Xuebijing injection (XBJ) has been widely used in the management of various septic disorders or inflammation-related conditions, however the molecular mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect remains largely elusive. In the current study, we found that XBJ treatment potently ameliorated mouse hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, manifested as decreased liver function tests (LDH, ALT, AST), improved inflammation and less hepatocyte apoptosis. Notably, XBJ markedly inhibited inflammasome activation and IL-1 production in mouse livers subjected to IRI, even in the absence of Kupffer cells, suggesting Kupffer cells are not necessary for hepatic inflammasome activation upon Redox-induced sterile inflammation. This finding led us to investigate the role of XBJ on hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammasome activation using an in vitro hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-triggered hepatocyte injury model. Our data clearly demonstrated that XBJ potently inhibited apoptosis, as well as caspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β production in a time- and dose-dependent manner in isolated hepatocytes, suggesting that in addition to its known modulatory effect on NF-κB-dependent inflammatory gene expression, it also has a direct impact on hepatocyte inflammasome activation. The current study not only deepens our understanding of how XBJ ameliorates inflammation and apoptosis, but also has immediate practical significance in many clinical situations such as partial hepatectomy, liver transplantation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiqiu Hu
- Department of Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of cardiothoracic surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (ZJPPH), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (ZJPPH), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Activated Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Aggravates Liver Inflammation and Hepatotoxicity in Mice with Acute Liver Failure. Inflammation 2015; 38:1151-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Terminalia chebula against t-BHP-Induced Acute Liver Injury in C57/BL6 Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:517350. [PMID: 25691908 PMCID: PMC4321673 DOI: 10.1155/2015/517350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the hepatoprotective effects of Terminalia chebula water extract (TCW) and its corresponding pharmacological actions using C57/BL6 mice model of tert-butylhydroperoxide-(t-BHP-) induced acute liver injury. Mice were orally administered with TCW (0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or gallic acid (100 mg/kg) for 5 days before t-BHP (2.5 mM/kg) injection. Liver enzymes, histopathology, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant components, and inflammatory cytokines were examined 18 h after t-BHP injection. t-BHP injection caused dramatic elevation of serum AST, ALT, and LDH level, while TCW pretreatment notably attenuated these elevations. Inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were notably increased in hepatic tissues, and then these were efficiently attenuated by TCW pretreatment. t-BHP injection notably increased malondialdehyde, total reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide in the liver tissue, while it markedly dropped the antioxidant activities including total antioxidant capacity, total glutathione contents, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. TCW pretreatment remarkably ameliorated these alterations, and these effects were relevant to gene expressions. Histopathological examinations supported the above findings. Collectively, these findings well prove that TCW beneficially prevents acute and severe liver injury and clarify its corresponding mechanisms involved in the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
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