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Jeong K, Je J, Dusabimana T, Kim H, Park SW. Early Growth Response 1 Contributes to Renal IR Injury by Inducing Proximal Tubular Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14295. [PMID: 37762598 PMCID: PMC10532368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes acute kidney injury due to oxidative stress, tubular inflammation, and apoptosis. Early growth response 1 (Egr-1) is a transcription factor belonging to the immediate early gene family and is known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Egr-1 expression is induced during renal IR; however, its pathogenic role and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the function of Egr-1 during renal IR using C57BL/6 mice and cultured renal proximal tubular HK-2 cells. Egr-1 expression increased immediately, 1-4 h after IR, whereas plasma creatinine and oxidative stress increased progressively over 24 h after IR. Egr-1 overexpression showed greater increases in plasma creatinine, renal tubular injury, and apoptosis than in the control after IR. Egr-1 overexpression also showed significant neutrophil infiltration and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MIP-2, and IL-6) after IR. Consistently, proximal tubular HK-2 cells showed immediate induction of Egr-1 at 1 h after hypoxia and reoxygenation, where its downstream target, p53, was also increased. Interestingly, Egr-1 overexpression enhanced p53 levels and tubular apoptosis, while the knockdown of Egr-1 reduced p53 levels and tubular apoptosis after H2O2 treatment. Egr-1 was recruited to the p53 promoter, which activates p53 transcription, and Egr-1 induction occurred through Erk/JNK signaling kinases, as the specific inhibitors blocked its expression. Taken together, these results show that Egr-1 is upregulated in proximal tubular cells and contributes to renal IR injury by inducing tubular apoptosis, mediated by p53 transcriptional activation. Thus, Egr-1 could be a potential therapeutic target for renal IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Dusabimana T, Je J, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. GOLPH3 promotes endotoxemia-induced liver and kidney injury through Golgi stress-mediated apoptosis and inflammatory response. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:458. [PMID: 37479687 PMCID: PMC10361983 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious clinical condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory response, a leading cause of acute liver and kidney injury, and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the acute liver and kidney injury is crucial for developing an effective therapy. Golgi apparatus plays important roles and has various substrates mediating cellular stress responses. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), linking Golgi membranes to the cytoskeleton, has been identified as an important oncogenic regulator; however, its role in endotoxemia-induced acute liver and kidney injury remains elusive. Here, we found that upregulation of GOLPH3 was associated with endotoxemia-induced acute liver and kidney injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment increased Golgi stress and fragmentation, and associated pro-inflammatory mediator (Tnfα, IL-6, and IL-1β) production in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, the downregulation of GOLPH3 significantly decreased LPS-induced Golgi stress and pro-inflammatory mediators (Tnfα, IL-6, Mcp1, and Nos2), and reversed apoptotic cell deaths in LPS-treated hepatocytes and renal tubular cells. GOLPH3 knockdown also reduced inflammatory response in LPS-treated macrophages. The AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway was suppressed in GOLPH3 knockdown, which may be associated with a reduction of inflammatory response and apoptosis and the recovery of Golgi morphology and function. Taken together, GOLPH3 plays a crucial role in the development and progression of acute liver and kidney injury by promoting Golgi stress and increasing inflammatory response and apoptosis, suggesting GOLPH3 as a potential therapeutic target for endotoxemia-induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
- Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
- Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Park EJ, Je J, Dusabimana T, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. The Uremic Toxin Homocysteine Exacerbates the Brain Inflammation Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123048. [PMID: 36551804 PMCID: PMC9775228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy), a homologue of cysteine, is biosynthesized during methionine metabolism. Elevated plasma Hcy is associated with glomerular injury and considered as a risk factor for renal dysfunction, predicting incident chronic kidney disease. Hcy promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a sudden decline in renal function and is important clinically due to the high mortality rate in AKI patients with multiple organs failure, including the brain. However, the cytotoxic role of Hcy on the brain following AKI is not directly shown. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to renal ischemia reperfusion (IR), one of the causes of AKI, and treated with vehicle or Hcy (0.2 mg/kg) to analyse the brain inflammation. IR mice showed a significant induction in plasma creatinine and Hcy levels, associated with tubular injury and neutrophil infiltration, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tubular apoptosis. Hcy treatment aggravated these renal damage and dysfunction by regulating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inhibitor of κB phosphorylation, and heme oxygenase-1. Consistently, Hcy treatment significantly increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and COX-2 in the prefrontal cortex of IR mice. We conclude that Hcy treatment aggravated the renal dysfunction and enhanced IR-induced inflammatory cytokines and astrocyte activation in the brain. We propose that lowering plasma Hcy levels may attenuate neurological dysfunction found in patients with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
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Je J, Song M, Baek JH, Kang JS, Chung HJ, Lee K, Park SW, Kim HJ. Combined Water Extracts from Oxidation-Treated Leaves and Branches of Hovenia dulcis Has Anti-Hangover and Liver Protective Effects in Binge Alcohol Intake of Male Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:4404. [PMID: 34959956 PMCID: PMC8707081 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis, known as the oriental raisin tree, is used for food supplements and traditional medicine for the liver after alcohol-related symptoms. However, little information exists about the use of its leaves and branches. In this study, we established a method to use the leaves and branches to develop anti-hangover treatment and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Oxidation-treated leaves (OL) exhibited high antioxidant content comparable to that of the peduncles and showed an anti-hangover effect in male mice. The branch extract (BE) was enriched in the flavonoid catechin, approximately five times more than OL extract. The mixture of OL and BE (OLB) was formulated in a 2:1 ratio with frozen-dried extract weight and was tested for anti-hangover effects and protective properties against binge alcohol-induced liver injury. OLB showed better anti-hangover effect than OL. In addition to this anti-hangover effect, OLB protected the liver from oxidative/nitrosative damage induced by binge alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea;
| | - Miyoung Song
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.S.); (J.H.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Ji Hyeong Baek
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.S.); (J.H.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jae Soon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.S.); (J.H.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Hye Jin Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea;
| | - Kwonsu Lee
- Malgeunsan Agricultural Union Corp., 991 Wolasan-ro, Munsan-eup, Jinju 52839, Gyeongnam, Korea;
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea;
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.S.); (J.H.B.); (J.S.K.)
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Dusabimana T, Park EJ, Je J, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. P2Y2R Deficiency Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis by Reducing Lipogenesis and Enhancing Fatty Acid β-Oxidation through AMPK and PGC-1α Induction in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115528. [PMID: 34073834 PMCID: PMC8197197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic liver disease associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Activation of the purinergic receptor P2Y2R has been reported to promote adipogenesis, inflammation and dyslipidemia in adipose tissues in obese mice. However, the role of P2Y2R and its mechanisms in NAFLD remain unknown. We hypothesized that P2Y2R deficiency may play a protective role in NAFLD by modulating lipid metabolism in the liver. In this study, we fed wild type and P2Y2R knockout mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and analyzed metabolic phenotypes. First, P2Y2R deficiency effectively improved insulin resistance with a reduction in body weight and plasma insulin. Second, P2Y2R deficiency attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation and injury with reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Third, P2Y2R deficiency decreased the expression of fatty acid synthesis mediators (cluster of differentiation (CD36), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1)); and increased the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a lipolytic enzyme. Mechanistically, P2Y2R deficiency increased the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity to improve mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) by regulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A)-mediated FAO pathway. In addition, P2Y2R deficiency increased peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma co-activator-1α (PGC-1α)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusively, P2Y2R deficiency ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by enhancing FAO through AMPK signaling and PGC-1α pathway, suggesting P2Y2R as a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
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Je J, Kim H, Park EJ, Kim SR, Dusabimana T, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Cho KM, Park SW. Fermentation of Sprouted Ginseng ( Panax ginseng) Increases Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents to Attenuate Alcoholic Hangover and Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Am J Chin Med 2020; 49:131-146. [PMID: 33371811 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver damage is caused by ethanol and its oxidized intermediates, and endotoxin-induced acute liver failure is mediated by apoptosis and inflammation. We investigated whether extracts of sprouts of Panax ginseng (SG) attenuate alcohol or endotoxin-induced acute liver injury in mice. Whole SG contains eight times more ginsenosides than the root and, because it grows quickly ([Formula: see text]30 days) without using pesticides, the whole-plant can be harvested. The extracts were enriched in phenolics and flavonoids and showed high radical scavenging activities. Mice received oral administration of SG or fermented SG (FSG) extracts 1 h before an injection of either ethanol or lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine (LPS/GalN). The latency of righting reflex was monitored to examine the effect of extracts on relieving hangover symptoms. The results indicate that FSG significantly reduced the latency of righting reflex, SG and FSG increased the activity and expression of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, and FSG decreased hepatic necrosis and plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). During the ethanol metabolism, cytochrome P450 2E1 expression was increased, but 4-hydroxynonenal levels were decreased by the extracts due to their anti-oxidant activity. LPS/GalN-induced liver injury was reduced by SG and FSG; plasma ALT and AST levels, hepatic necrosis, and apoptotic and inflammatory markers were all decreased. In conclusion, SG extracts attenuated ethanol-induced hangover and endotoxin-induced acute liver injury, and fermentation enhanced the efficacy with regard to relieving hangover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Phil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Dusabimana T, Kim SR, Park EJ, Je J, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. P2Y2R contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting autophagy response. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101089. [PMID: 32987187 PMCID: PMC7568185 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and a critical risk factor for developing end-stage renal disease. Activation of purinergic receptors, including P2Y2R has been associated with the pathogenesis of renal diseases, such as polycystic kidney and glomerulonephritis. However, the role of P2Y2R and its precise mechanisms in DN remain unknown. We hypothesised that P2Y2R deficiency may play a protective role in DN by modulating the autophagy signalling pathway. METHODS We used a mouse model of DN by combining a treatment of high-fat diet and streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy in wild-type or P2Y2R knockout mice. We measured renal functional parameter in plasma, examined renal histology, and analysed expression of autophagy regulatory proteins. RESULTS Hyperglycaemia and ATP release were induced in wild type-DN mice and positively correlated with renal dysfunction. Conversely, P2Y2R knockout markedly attenuates albuminuria, podocyte loss, development of glomerulopathy, renal tubular injury, apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis induced by DN. These protective effects were associated with inhibition of AKT-mediated FOXO3a (forkhead box O3a) phosphorylation and induction of FOXO3a-induced autophagy gene transcription. Furthermore, inhibitory phosphorylation of ULK-1 was decreased, and the downstream Beclin-1 autophagy signalling was activated in P2Y2R deficiency. Increased SIRT-1 (sirtuin-1) and FOXO3a expression in P2Y2R deficiency also enhanced autophagy response, thereby ameliorating renal dysfunction in DN. CONCLUSIONS P2Y2R contributes to the pathogenesis of DN by impairing autophagy and serves as a therapeutic target for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Park EJ, Dusabimana T, Je J, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. Honokiol Protects the Kidney from Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating the Glutathione Biosynthetic Enzymes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090352. [PMID: 32942603 PMCID: PMC7555803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant found in plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms that protects cells by neutralizing hydrogen peroxide. Honokiol, an active ingredient of Magnolia officinalis, is known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial properties. We investigated the protective mechanism of honokiol through regulating cellular GSH in renal proximal tubules against acute kidney injury (AKI). First, we measured cellular GSH levels and correlated them with the expression of GSH biosynthetic enzymes after honokiol treatment in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells. Second, we used pharmacological inhibitors or siRNA-mediated gene silencing approach to determine the signaling pathway induced by honokiol. Third, the protective effect of honokiol via de novo GSH biosynthesis was investigated in renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) mice. Honokiol significantly increased cellular GSH levels by upregulating the subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl)—Gclc and Gclm. These increases were mediated by activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, via PI3K/Akt and protein kinase C signaling. Consistently, honokiol treatment reduced the plasma creatinine, tubular cell death, neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation in IR mice and the effect was correlated with upregulation of Gclc and Gclm. Conclusively, honokiol may benefit to patients with AKI by increasing antioxidant GSH via transcriptional activation of the biosynthetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
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Kim SR, Park EJ, Dusabimana T, Je J, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Cho KM, Kim H, Park SW. Platycodon grandiflorus Fermented Extracts Attenuate Endotoxin-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092802. [PMID: 32933130 PMCID: PMC7551015 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin-induced acute liver injury is mediated by an excessive inflammatory response, hepatocellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Traditional medicinal plants have been used to treat various disorders. Platycodon grandifloras (PG) has been shown to be beneficial in relieving cough and asthma and to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic activities. The pharmacological action of PG is mainly due to saponins, flavonoids, phenolic, and other compounds. However, raw PG exhibits some side effects at high doses. Here, we extracted raw PG with varying fermentation methods and examined its anti-inflammatory effect and associated signaling kinases in Raw264.7 cells. Then, we investigated the effect of fermented black PG (FBPG) on endotoxin-induced liver injury. Mice were administered FBPG orally at 1 h before the lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine (LPS/GalN) injection and sacrificed after 5 h. Black PG (BPG) and FBPG showed a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular nitric oxide (NO); p-38 and ERK signaling was involved in reducing inducible NO synthase in Raw264.7 cells. Consistently, FBPG attenuates LPS/GalN-induced liver injury; plasma ALT and AST, hepatic necrosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation were all reduced. In conclusion, PG extracts, particularly FBPG, play anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic roles, alleviating endotoxin-induced acute liver injury. Processing raw PG into FBPG extract may be clinically useful by improving the pharmacologically active ingredients and reducing the required dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.R.K.); (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
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Kim SR, Je J, Jeong K, Kim SJ, Lee KY, Choi SG, Kim H, Park SW. Perilla Oil Decreases Aortic and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Modulating Lipogenesis and Lipolysis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. J Med Food 2019; 22:14-21. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Soo Ji Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kyo-Yeon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Choi
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Kim H, Kim SR, Je J, Jeong K, Kim S, Kim HJ, Chang KC, Park SW. The proximal tubular α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor attenuates ischemic acute kidney injury through Akt/PKC signaling-mediated HO-1 induction. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-17. [PMID: 29674665 PMCID: PMC5938048 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has been shown to attenuate excessive inflammation by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury; however, the underlying kidney-specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The protective action of α7nAChR against renal IR injury was investigated using a selective α7nAChR agonist and antagonist. α7nAChR activation reduced plasma creatinine levels and tubular cell damage, whereas α7nAChR inhibition aggravated the IR-induced phenotype. α7nAChR activation decreased neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression, increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and reduced proximal tubular apoptosis after IR as shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining and caspase-3 cleavage. In this study, we first showed that α7nAChR activation in the proximal tubules induced HO-1 expression through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway in vivo in renal IR mice and in vitro in proximal tubular cells. Chemical inhibitors of PKC or PI3K/Akt and small interfering RNA-mediated PKC silencing confirmed the signal specificity of α7nAChR-mediated HO-1 induction in the proximal tubular cells. α7nAChR activation inhibited high-mobility group box 1 release by inducing HO-1 expression and reduced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and apoptotic cell death in tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated proximal tubular cells. Taken together, we conclude that α7nAChR activation in proximal tubular cells directly protects cells against renal IR injury by inducing HO-1 expression through PI3K/Akt and PKC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooji Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Je J, Chen H, Song C, Lim CO. Arabidopsis DREB2C modulates ABA biosynthesis during germination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:91-8. [PMID: 25150152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant dehydration-responsive element binding factors (DREBs) are transcriptional regulators of the APETELA2/Ethylene Responsive element-binding Factor (AP2/ERF) family that control expression of abiotic stress-related genes. We show here that under conditions of mild heat stress, constitutive overexpression seeds of transgenic DREB2C overexpression Arabidopsis exhibit delayed germination and increased abscisic acid (ABA) content compared to untransformed wild-type (WT). Treatment with fluridone, an inhibitor of the ABA biosynthesis abrogated these effects. Expression of an ABA biosynthesis-related gene, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 9 (NCED9) was up-regulated in the DREB2C overexpression lines compared to WT. DREB2C was able to trans-activate expression of NCED9 in Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts in vitro. Direct and specific binding of DREB2C to a complete DRE on the NCED9 promoter was observed in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Exogenous ABA treatment induced DREB2C expression in germinating seeds of WT. Vegetative growth of transgenic DREB2C overexpression lines was more strongly inhibited by exogenous ABA compared to WT. These results suggest that DREB2C is a stress- and ABA-inducible gene that acts as a positive regulator of ABA biosynthesis in germinating seeds through activating NCED9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Je
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Huan Chen
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chieun Song
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Oh Lim
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Natural Science, Department of Biochemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Song C, Je J, Hong JK, Lim CO. Ectopic expression of an Arabidopsis dehydration-responsive element-binding factor DREB2C improves salt stress tolerance in crucifers. Plant Cell Rep 2014; 33:1239-54. [PMID: 24737413 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
DREB2C acts as a transcriptional activator of the salt tolerance-related COLD - REGULATED 15A gene. DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 2C (DREB2C) regulates plant responses to heat stress. We report here that DREB2C is induced by NaCl stress in Arabidopsis, based on quantitative RT-PCR analyses of transcript levels and DREB2C promoter-controlled GUS activity assays. Constitutive overexpression of DREB2C from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter led to enhanced salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and canola plants that was characterized by higher chlorophyll content, lower tissue Na(+) content, reduced rate of water loss, and tighter membrane integrity in plants grown in NaCl-containing medium. Basal expression of the stress-responsive genes COLD-REGULATED 15A (COR15A), RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION (RD) 29A and RD29B, was higher in transgenic DREB2C-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants than in the wild-type. Promoter transactivation assays and electrophoretic mobility-shift assays showed that DREB2C interacts directly with the three DREs in the COR15A promoter, both in vivo and in vitro. Transgenic Arabidopsis constitutively overexpressing COR15A from the CaMV35S promoter exhibited greater NaCl tolerance than the untransformed wild-type. Taken together, the data suggest that DREB2C functions as transcriptional activator that promotes NaCl tolerance, in part through upregulation of the stress-responsive gene COR15A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieun Song
- Division of Applied Life Science, Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
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Chen H, Je J, Song C, Hwang JE, Lim CO. A proximal promoter region of Arabidopsis DREB2C confers tissue-specific expression under heat stress. J Integr Plant Biol 2012; 54:640-51. [PMID: 22716647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The dehydration-responsive element-binding factor 2C (DREB2C) is a member of the CBF/DREB subfamily of proteins, which contains a single APETALA2/Ethylene responsive element-binding factor (AP2/ERF) domain. To identify the expression pattern of the DREB2C gene, which contains multiple transcription cis-regulatory elements in its promoter, an approximately 1.4 kb upstream DREB2C sequence was fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) and the recombinant p1244 construct was transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. The promoter of the gene directed prominent GUS activity in the vasculature in diverse young dividing tissues. Upon applying heat stress (HS), GUS staining was also enhanced in the vasculature of the growing tissues. Analysis of a series of 5'-deletions of the DREB2C promoter revealed that a proximal upstream sequence sufficient for the tissue-specific spatial and temporal induction of GUS expression by HS is localized in the promoter region between -204 and -34 bps relative to the transcriptional start site. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that nuclear protein binding activities specific to a -120 to -32 bp promoter fragment increased after HS. These results indicate that the TATA-proximal region and some latent trans-acting factors may cooperate in HS-induced activation of the Arabidopsis DREB2C promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Hwang JE, Lim CJ, Chen H, Je J, Song C, Lim CO. Overexpression of Arabidopsis dehydration- responsive element-binding protein 2C confers tolerance to oxidative stress. Mol Cells 2012; 33:135-40. [PMID: 22286229 PMCID: PMC3887724 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element-binding proteins (DREBs)regulate plant responses to environmental stresses. In the current study, transcription of DREB2C, a class 2 Arabidopsis DREB, was induced by a superoxide anion propagator, methyl viologen (MV). The oxidative stress tolerance of DREB2C-overexpressing transgenic plants was significantly greater than that of wild-type plants, as measured by ion leakage and chlorophyll fluorescence under light conditions. The transcriptional activity of several ascorbate peroxidase (APX) genes as well as APX protein activity was induced in DREB2C overexpressors. Additionally, the level of H2O2 in the overexpressors was lower than in wt plants under similar oxidative stress conditions. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay and transient activator reporter assay showed that APX2 expression was regulated by heat shock factor A3 (HsfA3) and that HsfA3 is regulated at the transcriptional level by DREB2C. These results suggest that DREB2C plays an important role in promoting oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Hwang
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
| | - Chan Ju Lim
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
| | - Huan Chen
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
| | - Chieun Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
| | - Chae Oh Lim
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
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Hwang JE, Hong JK, Lim CJ, Chen H, Je J, Yang KA, Kim DY, Choi YJ, Lee SY, Lim CO. Distinct expression patterns of two Arabidopsis phytocystatin genes, AtCYS1 and AtCYS2, during development and abiotic stresses. Plant Cell Rep 2010; 29:905-15. [PMID: 20526604 PMCID: PMC2903682 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The phytocystatins of plants are members of the cystatin superfamily of proteins, which are potent inhibitors of cysteine proteases. The Arabidopsis genome encodes seven phytocystatin isoforms (AtCYSs) in two distantly related AtCYS gene clusters. We selected AtCYS1 and AtCYS2 as representatives for each cluster and then generated transgenic plants expressing the GUS reporter gene under the control of each gene promoter. These plants were used to examine AtCYS expression at various stages of plant development and in response to abiotic stresses. Histochemical analysis of AtCYS1 promoter- and AtCYS2 promoter-GUS transgenic plants revealed that these genes have similar but distinct spatial and temporal expression patterns during normal development. In particular, AtCYS1 was preferentially expressed in the vascular tissue of all organs, whereas AtCYS2 was expressed in trichomes and guard cells in young leaves, caps of roots, and in connecting regions of the immature anthers and filaments and the style and stigma in flowers. In addition, each AtCYS gene has a unique expression profile during abiotic stresses. High temperature and wounding stress enhanced the expression of both AtCYS1 and AtCYS2, but the temporal and spatial patterns of induction differed. From these data, we propose that these two AtCYS genes play important, but distinct, roles in plant development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and PMBBRC, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Joon Ki Hong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and PMBBRC, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Chan Ju Lim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and PMBBRC, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Huan Chen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and PMBBRC, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and PMBBRC, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Kyung Ae Yang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and PMBBRC, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Dool Yi Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707 Korea
| | - Young Ju Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University, Pusan, 617-736 Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and PMBBRC, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Chae Oh Lim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and PMBBRC, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
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Yoon C, Yoon D, Sung D, Lee J, Kim A, Oh C, Je J, Yoon D. UP-03.52. Urology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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June Y, Choi H, Ko Y, Hong H, Seol S, Je J. 51. Ann Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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