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Hornung E, Robbins S, Srivastava A, Achanta S, Chen J, Cheng ZJ, Schwaber J, Vadigepalli R. Neuromodulatory co-expression in cardiac vagal motor neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. iScience 2024; 27:110549. [PMID: 39171288 PMCID: PMC11338141 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vagal innervation is well known to be crucial to the maintenance of cardiac health, and to protect and recover the heart from injury. Only recently has this role been shown to depend on the activity of the underappreciated dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). By combining neural tracing, transcriptomics, and anatomical mapping in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, we characterize cardiac-specific neuronal phenotypes in the DMV. We find that the DMV cardiac-projecting neurons differentially express pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and synucleins, as well as evidence that they participate in neuromodulatory co-expression involving catecholamines. The significance of these findings is enhanced by previous knowledge of the role of PACAP at the heart and of the other neuromodulators in peripheral vagal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Hornung
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Shaina Robbins
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Sirisha Achanta
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, BMS Building 20, Room 230, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Zixi Jack Cheng
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, BMS Building 20, Room 230, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - James Schwaber
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Xu YP, Lu XY, Song ZQ, Lin H, Chen YH. The protective effect of vagus nerve stimulation against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: pooled review from preclinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1270787. [PMID: 38034997 PMCID: PMC10682444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1270787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury markedly undermines the protective benefits of revascularization, contributing to ventricular dysfunction and mortality. Due to complex mechanisms, no efficient ways exist to prevent cardiomyocyte reperfusion damage. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) appears as a potential therapeutic intervention to alleviate myocardial I/R injury. Hence, this meta-analysis intends to elucidate the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the beneficial impact of VNS, along with its prospective clinical implications. Methods and Results: A literature search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database yielded 10 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria. VNS was significantly correlated with a reduced infarct size following myocardial I/R injury [Weighed mean difference (WMD): 25.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 32.24 to 18.23, p < 0.001] when compared to the control group. Despite high heterogeneity (I2 = 95.3%, p < 0.001), sensitivity and subgroup analyses corroborated the robust efficacy of VNS in limiting infarct expansion. Moreover, meta-regression failed to identify significant influences of pre-specified covariates (i.e., stimulation type or site, VNS duration, condition, and species) on the primary estimates. Notably, VNS considerably impeded ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction, as evidenced by improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (WMD: 10.12, 95% CI: 4.28; 15.97, p = 0.001) and end-diastolic pressure (EDP) (WMD: 5.79, 95% CI: 9.84; -1.74, p = 0.005) during the reperfusion phase. Conclusion: VNS offers a protective role against myocardial I/R injury and emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Qi Song
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-He Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Bazoukis G, Stavrakis S, Armoundas AA. Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030539. [PMID: 37721168 PMCID: PMC10727239 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been found to exert anti-inflammatory effects in different clinical settings and has been associated with improvement of clinical outcomes. However, evidence on the mechanistic link between the potential association of inflammatory status with clinical outcomes following VNS is scarce. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge linking VNS with inflammation and its potential link with major outcomes in cardiovascular diseases, in both preclinical and clinical studies. Existing data show that in the setting of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, VNS seems to reduce inflammation resulting in reduced infarct size and reduced incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during reperfusion. Furthermore, VNS has a protective role in vascular function following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Atrial fibrillation burden has also been reduced by VNS, whereas suppression of inflammation may be a potential mechanism for this effect. In the setting of heart failure, VNS was found to improve systolic function and reverse cardiac remodeling. In summary, existing experimental data show a reduction in inflammatory markers by VNS, which may cause improved clinical outcomes in cardiovascular diseases. However, more data are needed to evaluate the association between the inflammatory status with the clinical outcomes following VNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bazoukis
- Department of CardiologyLarnaca General HospitalLarnacaCyprus
- Department of Basic and Clinical SciencesUniversity of Nicosia Medical SchoolNicosiaCyprus
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Heart Rhythm InstituteUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Antonis A. Armoundas
- Cardiovascular Research CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
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Kiss A, Tratsiakovich Y, Mahdi A, Yang J, Gonon AT, Podesser BK, Pernow J. Vagal nerve stimulation reduces infarct size via a mechanism involving the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and downregulation of cardiac and vascular arginase. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 221:174-181. [PMID: 28238218 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) protects from myocardial and vascular injury following myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) via a mechanism involving activation of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) and reduced inflammation. Arginase is involved in development of myocardial IR injury driven by inflammatory mediators. The aim of the study was to clarify whether VNS downregulates myocardial and vascular arginase via a mechanism involving activation of α7 nAChR following myocardial IR. METHODS Anaesthetized rats were randomized to (i) sham-operated, (ii) control IR (30-min ischaemia and 2-h reperfusion, (iii) VNS throughout IR, (iv) the arginase inhibitor nor-NOHA+IR, (v) nor-NOHA+VNS+IR, (vi) selective α7 nAChR blockade by methyllycaconitine (MLA) followed by VNS throughout IR and (vii) MLA+IR. RESULTS Infarct size was reduced by VNS compared to control IR (41 ± 3% vs. 67 ± 2% of the myocardium at risk, P < 0.001). Myocardial IR increased myocardial and aortic arginase activity 1.7- and 3.1-fold respectively (P < 0.05). VNS attenuated the increase in arginase activity compared to control IR both in the myocardium and aorta (P < 0.05). MLA partially abolished the cardioprotective effect of VNS and completely abrogated the effect of VNS on arginase activity. Arginase inhibition combined with VNS did not further reduce infarct size. CONCLUSION Vagal nerve stimulation reduced infarct size and reversed the upregulation of arginase induced by IR both in the myocardium and aorta via a mechanism depending on α7 nAChR activation. The data suggest that the cardioprotective effect of VNS is mediated via reduction in arginase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kiss
- Department of Medicine; Unit of Cardiology; Karolinska Institutet; Heart and Vascular Theme; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Y. Tratsiakovich
- Department of Medicine; Unit of Cardiology; Karolinska Institutet; Heart and Vascular Theme; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Mahdi
- Department of Medicine; Unit of Cardiology; Karolinska Institutet; Heart and Vascular Theme; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - J. Yang
- Department of Medicine; Unit of Cardiology; Karolinska Institutet; Heart and Vascular Theme; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. T. Gonon
- Department of Medicine; Unit of Cardiology; Karolinska Institutet; Heart and Vascular Theme; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - B. K. Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - J. Pernow
- Department of Medicine; Unit of Cardiology; Karolinska Institutet; Heart and Vascular Theme; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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Hundahl LA, Tfelt-Hansen J, Jespersen T. Rat Models of Ventricular Fibrillation Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 22:514-528. [PMID: 28381093 DOI: 10.1177/1074248417702894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of animal models have been designed in order to unravel the underlying mechanisms of acute ischemia-induced arrhythmias and to test compounds and interventions for antiarrhythmic therapy. This is important as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) continues to be the major cause of sudden cardiac death, and we are yet to discover safe and effective treatments of the lethal arrhythmias occurring in the acute setting. Animal models therefore continue to be relevant for our understanding and treatment of acute ischemic arrhythmias. This review discusses the applicability of the rat as a model for ventricular arrhythmias occurring during the acute phase of AMI. It provides a description of models developed, advantages and disadvantages of rats, as well as an overview of the most important interventions investigated and the relevance for human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Hundahl
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang Q, Liu GP, Xue FS, Wang SY, Cui XL, Li RP, Yang GZ, Sun C, Liao X. Combined Vagal Stimulation and Limb Remote Ischemic Perconditioning Enhances Cardioprotection via an Anti-inflammatory Pathway. Inflammation 2016; 38:1748-60. [PMID: 25772113 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Various combined interventions to acquire enhanced cardioprotection are prevalent focuses of current research. This randomized experiment assessed whether combined vagal stimulation perconditioning (VSPerC) and limb remote ischemic perconditioning (LRIPerC) improved cardioprotection compared to the use of either treatment alone in an in vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. A total of 100 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five groups: sham group, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) group, VSPerC group, LRIPerC group, and combined VSPerC and LRIPerC (COMPerC) group. Serum enzymatic markers, inflammatory cytokines, myocardial inflammatory cytokines, and infarct size were assessed. Infarct size decreased significantly in the COMPerC group compared to the VSPerC and LRIPerC groups. Serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) level at 120 min of reperfusion, myocardial interleukin-1 (IL-1), ICAM-1, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in the ischemic region decreased significantly in the COMPerC group compared to the VSPerC group, but myocardial IL-10 levels in the nonischemic region increased markedly in the COMPerC group. Serum TNF-α levels at 30, 60, and 120 min of reperfusion; serum IL-1, IL-6, ICAM-1, and high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) levels at 120 min of reperfusion; and myocardial IL-1, IL-6, ICAM-1, and TNF-α levels in the ischemic region decreased significantly in the COMPerC group compared to the LRIPerC group. However, myocardial IL-10 levels in both ischemic and nonischemic regions were evidently higher in the COMPerC group. This study concludes that combined VSPerC and LRIPerC enhances cardioprotection compared to either treatment alone. This result is likely attributable to a more potent regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China,
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