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Naderi M, Salavatiha Z, Gogoi U, Mohebbi A. An overview of anti-Hepatitis B virus flavonoids and their mechanisms of action. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1356003. [PMID: 38487354 PMCID: PMC10937540 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1356003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds found in various plant-based foods, have garnered attention for their potential in combating Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Flavonoids have demonstrated promising anti-HBV activities by interfering with multiple stages of the HBV life cycle, making them promising candidates for novel antiviral agents. Certain plant families, such as Theaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Gentianaceae, are of particular interest for their flavonoid-rich members with anti-HBV activities. Evidences, both in vitro and in vivo, supports the anti-HBV potential of flavonoids. These subsets of compound exert their anti-HBV effects through various mechanisms, including inhibiting viral entry, disrupting viral replication, modulating transcription factors, enhancing the immune response, and inducing autophagy. The antioxidant properties of flavonoids play a crucial role in modulating oxidative stress associated with HBV infection. Several flavonoids like epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), proanthocyanidin (PAC), hexamethoxyflavone, wogonin, and baicalin have shown significant anti-HBV potential, holding promise as therapeutic agents. Synergistic effects between flavonoids and existing antiviral therapies offer a promising approach to enhance antiviral efficacy and reduce drug resistance. Challenges, including limited bioavailability, translation from preclinical studies to clinical practice, and understanding precise targets, need to be addressed. Future research should focus on clinical trials, combination therapies, and the development of flavonoid derivatives with improved bioavailability, and optimizing their effectiveness in managing chronic HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Naderi
- Department of Microbiology & Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Alireza Mohebbi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Vista Aria Rena Gene Inc., Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
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2
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He P, Zhang P, Fang Y, Han N, Yang W, Xia Z, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Shen J. The role of HBV cccDNA in occult hepatitis B virus infection. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2297-2307. [PMID: 36735210 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) refers to the presence of replication-competent HBV DNA in the liver, with or without HBV DNA in the blood, in individuals who tested negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). In this peculiar phase of HBV infection, the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is in a low state of replication. Several advances have been made toward clarifying the mechanisms involved in such a suppression of viral activity, which seems to be mainly related to the host's immune control and epigenetic factors. Although the underlying mechanisms describing the genesis of OBI are not completely known, the presence of viral cccDNA, which remains in a low state of replication due to the host's strong immune suppression of HBV replication and gene expression, appears to be the causative factor. Through this review, we have provided an updated account on the role of HBV cccDNA in regulating OBI. We have comprehensively described the HBV cell cycle, cccDNA kinetics, current regulatory mechanisms, and the therapeutic methods of cccDNA in OBI-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peixin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaping Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wensu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jilu Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Chen Z, Yuan Y, Yang D, Luo M, Liang Q, Li Z, Lu S, Sun J, Deng M, Liu M, Liang Z, Liu K. Antiviral activities of Polygonum perfoliatum L. extract and related phenolic acid constituents against hepatitis B virus. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5987-5999. [PMID: 36000452 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important public health problem. Polygonum perfoliatum L. is a traditional medicinal herb and has been reported to have pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral. In this study, the antiviral activities and mechanisms of Polygonum perfoliatum L. extract against HBV and the effective components were investigated. The results showed that the total extract of Polygonum perfoliatum L. reduced the levels of HBV e antigen (HBeAg) secretion and the viral covalently closed circular DNA (CCC DNA) formation, but had little or no negative effects on viral capsid assembly and pregenomic RNA packaging. Further fractionation showed that the water extract (WE) fraction exerted comparable anti-HBV activities with the total extract, especially in inhibiting the CCC DNA formation and HBeAg production, indicating that the effective antiviral components are mainly distributed in this fraction. Further study showed that the phenolic acids constituents, protocatechuic acid, and gallic acid, but not ethyl caffeate, which is reported enriched in the WE fraction, showed strong anti-HBV activities in inhibiting viral core DNA synthesis, CCC DNA formation, and HBeAg production. These results suggested that the Polygonum perfoliatum L. total extract and the related phenolic acids like protocatechuic acid and gallic acid could inhibit HBV replication and also indicated the potential utility of Polygonum perfoliatum L. and related constituents as sources of novel antivirals against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minhui Luo
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siya Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maohua Deng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miaoya Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuancheng Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Ganguly R, Gupta A, Pandey AK. Role of baicalin as a potential therapeutic agent in hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3047-3062. [PMID: 36051349 PMCID: PMC9331529 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is a natural bioactive compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. A literature survey demonstrated the broad spectrum of health benefits of baicalin such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and neuroprotective properties. Baicalin is hydrolyzed to its metabolite baicalein by the action of gut microbiota, which is further reconverted to baicalin via phase 2 metabolism in the liver. Many studies have suggested that baicalin exhibits therapeutic potential against several types of hepatic disorders including hepatic fibrosis, xenobiotic-induced liver injury, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholestasis, ulcerative colitis, hepatocellular and colorectal cancer. During in vitro and in vivo examinations, it has been observed that baicalin showed a protective role against liver and gut-associated abnormalities by modifying several signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B, transforming growth factor beta 1/SMAD3, sirtuin 1, p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase/Janus kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinaseβ/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase pathways. Furthermore, baicalin also regulates the expression of fibrotic genes such as smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, β-catenin, and inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1β, and attenuates the production of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-9 and B-cell lymphoma 2. However, due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability, widespread therapeutic applications of baicalin still remain a challenge. This review summarized the hepatic and gastrointestinal protective attributes of baicalin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interaction of baicalin with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Luo M, Chen Z, Liu M, Liang Q, Han R, Liang Z, Ye Z, Liu K. Inhibitory Activities of Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. Ethanol Extract against Hepatitis B Virus. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2727-2735. [PMID: 35075662 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health problem, which cannot be cured by current therapeutics due to the persistence of viral CCC DNA in the infected hepatocytes. Screening from medicinal herbs for anti-HBV activities showed that the ethanol extract from Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. could decrease the production of HBV e antigen (HBeAg). Further study showed that the extract had no effect on core protein expression but significantly reduced the efficiency of viral capsid assembly. The levels of viral pgRNA and total core DNA were not affected significantly. However, the ratio of RC DNA/SS DNA decreased, indicating that the conversion of RC DNA from SS DNA was delayed by the extract. More interestingly, though similar levels of RC DNA were accumulated, the CCC DNA level and its formation efficiency were reduced significantly, which was also consistent with the decreased level of HBeAg, indicating that Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. extract could inhibit the CCC DNA formation. Together, this study found that Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. extract could inhibit HBV replication at multiple steps, especially showed significant inhibitory effects on capsid assembly and CCC DNA formation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhuohang Chen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzho, 510000, China
| | - Miaoya Liu
- College of Life Sciences & Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Ruilian Han
- College of Life Sciences & Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences & Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhuoming Ye
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzho, 510000, China
| | - Kuancheng Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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6
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Li K, Liang Y, Cheng A, Wang Q, Li Y, Wei H, Zhou C, Wan X. Antiviral Properties of Baicalin: a Concise Review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2021; 31:408-419. [PMID: 34642508 PMCID: PMC8493948 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-021-00182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin is one of the bioactive flavonoid glycosides isolated from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Lamiaceae, with antiviral properties. In recent years, the antiviral activity of baicalin has been widely investigated to explore its molecular mechanism of action. In this mini-review, the molecular mechanisms of action of baicalin as an antiviral agent are evaluated, which included three categories: the inhibition or stimulation of JAK/STAT, TLRs, and NF-κB pathways; up or down modulation of the expression levels of IFN, IL, SOCS1/3, PKR protein, Mx1 protein, and AP-1 protein; and inhibition of cell apoptosis caused by virus infection. In addition, clinical studies of baicalin are also discussed. This literature search suggested that baicalin can serve as a potential candidate for the development of a novel broad-spectrum antiviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Yiyu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Ao Cheng
- Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033 China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Haocheng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Changzheng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Xinhuan Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
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7
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Yang JY, Li M, Zhang CL, Liu D. Pharmacological properties of baicalin on liver diseases: a narrative review. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1230-1239. [PMID: 33595821 PMCID: PMC8460515 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin is the main active component of Scutellaria baicalensis, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine thanks to its various pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, as well as cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal protective effect. Recently, the protective effects of baicalin on liver disease have received much more attention. Several studies showed that baicalin protects against several types of liver diseases including viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, xenobiotic induced liver injury, cholestatic liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma, with a variety of pharmacological mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of baicalin can provide a valuable reference for its clinical use, but up to now, no narrative review is available that summarizes the pharmacological effects of baicalin to clarify its potential use in the treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress of baicalin research and the underlying mechanism in the treatment of various liver diseases, to promote further research and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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8
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Hu Q, Zhang W, Wu Z, Tian X, Xiang J, Li L, Li Z, Peng X, Wei S, Ma X, Zhao Y. Baicalin and the liver-gut system: Pharmacological bases explaining its therapeutic effects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105444. [PMID: 33493657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput screening and bioinformatics technology, natural products with a range of pharmacological targets in multiple diseases have become important sources of new drug discovery. These compounds are derived from various plants, including the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is often used as a traditional Chinese herb named Huangqin, a popular medication used for thousands of years in China. Many studies have shown that baicalin, an extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exerts various protective effects on liver and gut diseases. Baicalin plays a therapeutic role mainly by mediating downstream apoptosis and immune response pathways induced by upstream oxidative stress and inflammation. During oxidative stress regulation, PI3K/Akt/NRF2, Keap-1, NF-κB and HO-1 are key factors associated with the healing effects of baicalin on NAFLD/NASH, ulcerative colitis and cholestasis. In the inflammatory response, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MIP-2 and MIP-1α are involved in the alleviation of NAFLD/NASH, cholestasis and liver fibrosis by baicalin, as are TGF-β1/Smads, STAT3 and NF-κB. Regarding the apoptosis pathway, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 are key factors related to the suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma and attenuation of liver injury and colorectal cancer. In addition to immune regulation, PD-1/PDL-1 and TLR4-NF-κB are correlated with the alleviation of hepatocellular carcinoma, ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer by baicalin. Moreover, baicalin regulates intestinal flora by promoting the production of SCFAs. Furthermore, BA is involved in the interactions of the liver-gut axis by regulating TGR5, FXR, bile acids and the microbiota. In general, a comprehensive analysis of this natural compound was conducted to determine the mechanism by which it regulates bile acid metabolism, the intestinal flora and related signaling pathways, providing new insights into the pharmacological effects of baicalin. The mechanism linking the liver and gut systems needs to be elucidated to draw attention to its great clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junbao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Longxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Li S, Liu C, Guo F, Taleb SJ, Tong M, Shang D. Traditional Chinese Medicine as Potential Therapy for COVID-19. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1263-1277. [PMID: 32907358 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease COVID-19, spread from Wuhan throughout China and has infected people over 200 countries. Thus far, more than 3,400,000 cases and 240,000 deaths have occurred worldwide, and the coronavirus pandemic continues to grip the globe. While numbers of cases in China have been steadying, the number of infections outside China is increasing at a worrying pace. We face an urgent need to control the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, which is currently expanding to a global pandemic. Efforts have focused on testing antiviral drugs and vaccines, but there is currently no treatment specifically approved. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is grounded in empirical observations and the Chinese people use TCM to overcome these sorts of plagues many times in thousands of years of history. Currently, the Chinese National Health Commission recommended a TCM prescription of Qing-Fei-Pai-Du-Tang (QFPDT) in the latest version of the "Diagnosis and Treatment guidelines of COVID-19" which has been reported to provide reliable effects for COVID-19. While doubts about TCM still exist today, this review paper will describe the rationalities that QFPDT is likely to bring a safe and effective treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Sarah J Taleb
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mengying Tong
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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10
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Chirumbolo S. Baicalin in flavocoxid may act against hepatitis B virus via a pro-inflammatory pathway. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:203-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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