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Criado PR, Miot HA, Bueno-Filho R, Ianhez M, Criado RFJ, de Castro CCS. Update on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. An Bras Dermatol 2024:S0365-0596(24)00176-4. [PMID: 39138034 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, recurrent, and multifactorial skin-mucosal manifestation resulting from the interaction between elements mainly associated with the skin barrier deficit, the homeostasis of the immune response, neurological aspects, and patterns of reactivity to environmental antigens, which are established in genetically predisposed individuals. In addition to the skin, atopic diathesis involves other organs such as the airways (upper and lower), eyes, digestive tract, and neuropsychiatric aspects, which inflict additional morbidity on the dermatological patient. The different phenotypes of the disease fundamentally depend on the participation of each of these factors, in different life circumstances, such as age groups, occupational exposure patterns, physical activity, pollution, genetic load, and climatic factors. A better understanding of the complexity of its pathogenesis allows not only the understanding of therapeutic targets but also how to identify preponderant elements that mediate disease activity in each circumstance, for selecting the best treatment strategies and mitigation of triggering factors. This narrative review presents an update on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, especially aimed at understanding the clinical manifestations, the main disease phenotypes and the context of available therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Criado
- Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Santos (Centro Universitário Lusíada), Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Bueno-Filho
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Ianhez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Doenças Tropicais de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Roberta Fachini Jardim Criado
- Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Alergoskin Alergia e Dermatologia, UCARE Center and ADCARE, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio César Silva de Castro
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Hospital de Dermatologia Sanitária do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Yang I, Jeong NH, Choi YA, Kwon TK, Lee S, Khang D, Kim SH. Monotropein mitigates atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation through JAK/STAT signaling pathway inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116911. [PMID: 38861857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a globally increasing chronic inflammatory skin disease with limited and potentially side-effect-prone treatment options. Monotropein is the predominant iridoid glycoside in Morinda officinalis How roots, which has previously shown promise in alleviating AD symptoms. This study aimed to systematically investigate the pharmacological effects of monotropein on AD using a 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)/Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)-induced AD mice and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated keratinocytes. Oral administration of monotropein demonstrated a significant reduction in AD phenotypes, including scaling, erythema, and increased skin thickness in AD-induced mice. Histological analysis revealed a marked decrease in immune cell infiltration in skin lesions. Additionally, monotropein effectively downregulated inflammatory markers, encompassing pro-inflammatory cytokines, T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines, and pro-inflammatory chemokines in skin tissues. Notably, monotropein also led to a considerable decrease in serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG2a levels. At a mechanistic level, monotropein exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the phosphorylation of Janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins in both skin tissues of AD-induced mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes. In conclusion, monotropein exhibited a pronounced alleviation of AD symptoms in the experimental models used. These findings underscore the potential application of monotropein as a therapeutic agent in the context of AD, providing a scientific basis for further exploration and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Yang
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Na-Hee Jeong
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea.
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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Han SY, Im DS. Evodiamine Alleviates 2,4-Dinitro-1-Chloro-Benzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Symptoms in BALB/c Mice. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:494. [PMID: 38672764 PMCID: PMC11051323 DOI: 10.3390/life14040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine is an alkaloid found in Evodia fruits, a traditional Chinese medicine. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The 2,4-dinitro-1-chloro-benzene (DNCB) was used to test the effects of evodiamine on a chemically induced atopic dermatitis-like model in BALB/c mice. Evodiamine significantly lowered serum immunoglobulin E levels, which increased as an immune response to the long-term application of DNCB. Several atopic dermatitis-like skin symptoms induced by DNCB, including skin thickening and mast cell accumulation, were suppressed by evodiamine therapy. DNCB induced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in type 2 helper T (Th2) cells (IL-4 and IL-13), Th1 cells (IFN-γ and IL-12A), Th17 cells (IL-17A), Th22 cells (IL-22), and chemokines (IL-6 and IL-8). These increases were suppressed in the lymph nodes and skin following evodiamine treatment. The results of our study indicate that evodiamine suppresses atopic dermatitis-like responses in mice and may therefore be useful in treating these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
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Ahmad F, Alam MA, Ansari AW, Jochebeth A, Leo R, Al-Abdulla MN, Al-Khawaga S, AlHammadi A, Al-Malki A, Al Naama K, Ahmad A, Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M. Emerging Role of the IL-36/IL-36R Axis in Multiple Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:206-224. [PMID: 38189700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
IL-36 is a most recent member of the IL-1 cytokine family, primarily expressed at barrier sites of the body such as the skin, lungs, and intestine. It plays a vital role in inflammation and is implicated in the development of various cutaneous; intestinal; and pulmonary disorders, including psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. IL-36 comprises 4 isoforms: the proinflammatory IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ and the anti-inflammatory IL-36R antagonist. An imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory IL-36 isoforms can contribute to the inflammatory fate of cells and tissues. IL-36 cytokines signal through an IL-36R heterodimer mediating their function through canonical signaling cacade, including the NF-B pathway. Prominent for its role in psoriasis, IL-36 has recently been associated with disease mechanisms in atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, neutrophilic dermatoses, autoimmune blistering disease, and Netherton syndrome. The major cutaneous source of IL-36 cytokines is keratinocytes, pointing to its role in the communication between the epidermis, innate (neutrophils, dendritic cells) immune system, and adaptive (T helper [Th]1 cells, Th17) immune system. Thus, cutaneous IL-36 signaling is crucial for the immunopathological outcome of various skin diseases. Consequently, the IL-36/IL-36R axis has recently been recognized as a promising drug target for the treatment of inflammatory disorders beyond psoriasis. This review summarizes the current update on IL-36 cytokines in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareed Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majid Ali Alam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Wahid Ansari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anh Jochebeth
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rari Leo
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sara Al-Khawaga
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayda AlHammadi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aysha Al-Malki
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalifa Al Naama
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jörg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Medical School, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell University, New York, New York, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
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