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Dong K, Wu F, Cheng S, Li S, Zhang F, Xing X, Jin X, Luo S, Feng M, Miao R, Chang Y, Zhang S, You X, Wang P, Zhang X, Lei C, Ren Y, Zhu S, Guo X, Wu C, Yang DL, Lin Q, Cheng Z, Wan J. OsPRMT6a-mediated arginine methylation of OsJAZ1 regulates jasmonate signaling and spikelet development in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:900-919. [PMID: 38704640 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Although both protein arginine methylation (PRMT) and jasmonate (JA) signaling are crucial for regulating plant development, the relationship between these processes in the control of spikelet development remains unclear. In this study, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate two OsPRMT6a loss-of-function mutants that exhibit various abnormal spikelet structures. Interestingly, we found that OsPRMT6a can methylate arginine residues in JA signal repressors OsJAZ1 and OsJAZ7. We showed that arginine methylation of OsJAZ1 enhances the binding affinity of OsJAZ1 with the JA receptors OsCOI1a and OsCOI1b in the presence of JAs, thereby promoting the ubiquitination of OsJAZ1 by the SCFOsCOI1a/OsCOI1b complex and degradation via the 26S proteasome. This process ultimately releases OsMYC2, a core transcriptional regulator in the JA signaling pathway, to activate or repress JA-responsive genes, thereby maintaining normal plant (spikelet) development. However, in the osprmt6a-1 mutant, reduced arginine methylation of OsJAZ1 impaires the interaction between OsJAZ1 and OsCOI1a/OsCOI1b in the presence of JAs. As a result, OsJAZ1 proteins become more stable, repressing JA responses, thus causing the formation of abnormal spikelet structures. Moreover, we discovered that JA signaling reduces the OsPRMT6a mRNA level in an OsMYC2-dependent manner, thereby establishing a negative feedback loop to balance JA signaling. We further found that OsPRMT6a-mediated arginine methylation of OsJAZ1 likely serves as a switch to tune JA signaling to maintain normal spikelet development under harsh environmental conditions such as high temperatures. Collectively, our study establishes a direct molecular link between arginine methylation and JA signaling in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinxin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Miao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rong Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanqi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoman You
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dong-Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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2
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Nguyen CDK, Colón-Emeric BA, Murakami S, Shujath MNY, Yi C. PRMT1 promotes epigenetic reprogramming associated with acquired chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114176. [PMID: 38691454 PMCID: PMC11238875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) carries a dismal prognosis due to therapeutic resistance. We show that PDAC cells undergo global epigenetic reprogramming to acquire chemoresistance, a process that is driven at least in part by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). Genetic or pharmacological PRMT1 inhibition impairs adaptive epigenetic reprogramming and delays acquired resistance to gemcitabine and other common chemo drugs. Mechanistically, gemcitabine treatment induces translocation of PRMT1 into the nucleus, where its enzymatic activity limits the assembly of chromatin-bound MAFF/BACH1 transcriptional complexes. Cut&Tag chromatin profiling of H3K27Ac, MAFF, and BACH1 suggests a pivotal role for MAFF/BACH1 in global epigenetic response to gemcitabine, which is confirmed by genetically silencing MAFF. PRMT1 and MAFF/BACH1 signature genes identified by Cut&Tag analysis distinguish gemcitabine-resistant from gemcitabine-sensitive patient-derived xenografts of PDAC, supporting the PRMT1-MAFF/BACH1 epigenetic regulatory axis as a potential therapeutic avenue for improving the efficacy and durability of chemotherapies in patients of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan D K Nguyen
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamín A Colón-Emeric
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shigekazu Murakami
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mia N Y Shujath
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chunling Yi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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3
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Liu C, Li Y, Liu Z, Cao C, Lin M, Chen X, Yuan M, Fan Y, Gu X, Wang L, Yang F, Ye F, Jin J. Structure-based discovery of potent CARM1 inhibitors for colorectal cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116288. [PMID: 38460270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) plays an important role in cell proliferation and gene expression, and is highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues. Guided by our previous reported structure of DCPR049_12, we focused on designing and evaluating selective CARM1 inhibitors, resulting in the identification of compound 11f as a promising lead candidate. Compound 11f displayed potent inhibition of CARM1 (IC50 = 9 nM). Comprehensive evaluations, including in vitro metabolic stability assessments, molecular modelling, cellular studies, and in vivo anti-tumor studies, confirmed that it induced cancer cell apoptosis and specifically inhibited CARM1's methylation function. Notably, compound 11f displayed significant anti-proliferative effects on colorectal cancer cell lines, showcasing its potential for targeted therapies against CARM1-related diseases. This study provides valuable insights for the future development of specific and effective CARM1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chenxi Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 397, Huangcheng North Road, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Min Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 397, Huangcheng North Road, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 397, Huangcheng North Road, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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4
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Gan Q, Fan C. Orthogonal Translation for Site-Specific Installation of Post-translational Modifications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2805-2838. [PMID: 38373737 PMCID: PMC11230630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) endow proteins with new properties to respond to environmental changes or growth needs. With the development of advanced proteomics techniques, hundreds of distinct types of PTMs have been observed in a wide range of proteins from bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. To identify the roles of these PTMs, scientists have applied various approaches. However, high dynamics, low stoichiometry, and crosstalk between PTMs make it almost impossible to obtain homogeneously modified proteins for characterization of the site-specific effect of individual PTM on target proteins. To solve this problem, the genetic code expansion (GCE) strategy has been introduced into the field of PTM studies. Instead of modifying proteins after translation, GCE incorporates modified amino acids into proteins during translation, thus generating site-specifically modified proteins at target positions. In this review, we summarize the development of GCE systems for orthogonal translation for site-specific installation of PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Chenguang Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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5
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Kumar D, Jain S, Coulter DW, Joshi SS, Chaturvedi NK. PRMT5 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in MYC-Amplified Medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5855. [PMID: 38136401 PMCID: PMC10741595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC amplification or overexpression is most common in Group 3 medulloblastomas and is positively associated with poor clinical outcomes. Recently, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) overexpression has been shown to be associated with tumorigenic MYC functions in cancers, particularly in brain cancers such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. PRMT5 regulates oncogenes, including MYC, that are often deregulated in medulloblastomas. However, the role of PRMT5-mediated post-translational modification in the stabilization of these oncoproteins remains poorly understood. The potential impact of PRMT5 inhibition on MYC makes it an attractive target in various cancers. PRMT5 inhibitors are a promising class of anti-cancer drugs demonstrating preclinical and preliminary clinical efficacies. Here, we review the publicly available preclinical and clinical studies on PRMT5 targeting using small molecule inhibitors and discuss the prospects of using them in medulloblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Stuti Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Don W. Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Shantaram S. Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA;
| | - Nagendra K. Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
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6
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Ning J, Chen L, Xiao G, Zeng Y, Shi W, Tanzhu G, Zhou R. The protein arginine methyltransferase family (PRMTs) regulates metastases in various tumors: From experimental study to clinical application. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115456. [PMID: 37696085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of mortality among advanced cancer patients. Understanding its mechanisms and treatment strategies is vital for clinical application. Arginine methylation, a post-translational modification catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), is implicated in diverse physiological processes and disease progressions. Previous research has demonstrated PRMTs' involvement in tumor occurrence, progression, and metastasis. This review offers a comprehensive summary of the relationship between PRMTs, prognosis, and metastasis in various cancers. Our focus centers on elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which PRMTs regulate tumor metastasis. We also discuss relevant clinical trials and effective PRMT inhibitors, including chemical compounds, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and nanomaterials, for treating tumor metastasis. While a few studies present conflicting results, the overall trajectory suggests that inhibiting arginine methylation exhibits promise in curtailing tumor metastasis across various cancers. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms and molecular interactions are diverse. The development of inhibitors targeting arginine methylation, along with the progression of clinical trials, holds substantial potential in the field of tumor metastasis, meriting sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China.
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7
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Bergonzini M, Loreni F, Lio A, Russo M, Saitto G, Cammardella A, Irace F, Tramontin C, Chello M, Lusini M, Nenna A, Ferrisi C, Ranocchi F, Musumeci F. Panoramic on Epigenetics in Coronary Artery Disease and the Approach of Personalized Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2864. [PMID: 37893238 PMCID: PMC10604795 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). This panoramic review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in CAD pathogenesis and highlights the potential implications for personalized medicine approaches. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes that do not influence alterations in the DNA sequence of the genome. It has been shown that epigenetic processes, including DNA/histone methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, play an important role. Additionally, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs are also involved in epigenetics, regulating gene expression patterns in response to various environmental factors and lifestyle choices. In the context of CAD, epigenetic alterations contribute to the dysregulation of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. These epigenetic changes can occur during early developmental stages and persist throughout life, predisposing individuals to an increased risk of CAD. Furthermore, in recent years, the concept of personalized medicine has gained significant attention. Personalized medicine aims to tailor medical interventions based on an individual's unique genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In the context of CAD, understanding the interplay between genetic variants and epigenetic modifications holds promise for the development of more precise diagnostic tools, risk stratification models, and targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms in CAD and discusses the fundamental principles of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Bergonzini
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreni
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lio
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Saitto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cammardella
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Irace
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Tramontin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Chello
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Lusini
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nenna
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferrisi
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Ranocchi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Musumeci
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
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8
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Ratovitski T, Kamath SV, O'Meally RN, Gosala K, Holland CD, Jiang M, Cole RN, Ross CA. Arginine methylation of RNA-binding proteins is impaired in Huntington's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3006-3025. [PMID: 37535888 PMCID: PMC10549789 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the HD gene, coding for huntingtin protein (HTT). Mechanisms of HD cellular pathogenesis remain undefined and likely involve disruptions in many cellular processes and functions presumably mediated by abnormal protein interactions of mutant HTT. We previously found HTT interaction with several protein arginine methyl-transferase (PRMT) enzymes. Protein arginine methylation mediated by PRMT enzymes is an important post-translational modification with an emerging role in neurodegeneration. We found that normal (but not mutant) HTT can facilitate the activity of PRMTs in vitro and the formation of arginine methylation complexes. These interactions appear to be disrupted in HD neurons. This suggests an additional functional role for HTT/PRMT interactions, not limited to substrate/enzyme relationship, which may result in global changes in arginine protein methylation in HD. Our quantitative analysis of striatal precursor neuron proteome indicated that arginine protein methylation is significantly altered in HD. We identified a cluster highly enriched in RNA-binding proteins with reduced arginine methylation, which is essential to their function in RNA processing and splicing. We found that several of these proteins interact with HTT, and their RNA-binding and localization are affected in HD cells likely due to a compromised arginine methylation and/or abnormal interactions with mutant HTT. These studies reveal a potential new mechanism for disruption of RNA processing in HD, involving a direct interaction of HTT with methyl-transferase enzymes and modulation of their activity and highlighting methylation of arginine as potential new therapeutic target for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ratovitski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Siddhi V Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert N O'Meally
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Keerthana Gosala
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Chloe D Holland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mali Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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9
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Zheng J, Li B, Wu Y, Wu X, Wang Y. Targeting Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT5 for Cancer Therapy: Updated Progress and Novel Strategies. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37366223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a predominant type II protein arginine methyltransferase, PRMT5 plays critical roles in various normal cellular processes by catalyzing the mono- and symmetrical dimethylation of a wide range of histone and nonhistone substrates. Clinical studies have revealed that high expression of PRMT5 is observed in different solid tumors and hematological malignancies and is closely associated with cancer initiation and progression. Accordingly, PRMT5 is becoming a promising anticancer target and has received great attention in both the pharmaceutical industry and the academic community. In this Perspective, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in the development of first-generation PRMT5 enzymatic inhibitors and highlight novel strategies targeting PRMT5 in the past 5 years. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of PRMT5 inhibition, with the aim of shedding light on future PRMT5 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zheng
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bang Li
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingqi Wu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Epimutations and Their Effect on Chromatin Organization: Exciting Avenues for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010215. [PMID: 36612210 PMCID: PMC9818548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional architecture of genomes is complex. It is organized as fibers, loops, and domains that form high-order structures. By using different chromosome conformation techniques, the complex relationship between transcription and genome organization in the three-dimensional organization of genomes has been deciphered. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, are the hallmark of cancers. Tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis are linked to these epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic inhibitors can reverse these altered modifications. A number of epigenetic inhibitors have been approved by FDA that target DNA methylation and histone modification. This review discusses the techniques involved in studying the three-dimensional organization of genomes, DNA methylation and histone modification, epigenetic deregulation in cancer, and epigenetic therapies targeting the tumor.
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11
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Singh AP, Kumar R, Gupta D. Structural insights into the mechanism of human methyltransferase hPRMT4. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10821-10834. [PMID: 34308797 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1950567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human PRMT4, also known as CARM1, is a type I arginine methyltransferase protein that catalyse the formation of asymmetrical dimethyl arginine product. Structural studies done to date on PRMT4 have shown that the N-terminal region, Rossmann fold and dimerization arm play an important role in PRMT4 activity. Elucidating the functions of these regions in catalysis remains to be explored. Studies have shown the existence of communication pathways in PRMT4, which need further elucidation. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed in this study show differences in different monomeric and dimeric forms of hPRMT4, revealing the role of the N-terminal region, Rossmann fold and dimerization arm. The study shows the conformational changes that occur during dimerization and SAM binding. Our cross-correlation analysis showed a correlation between these regions. Further, we performed PSN and network analysis to establish the existence of communication networks and an allosteric pathway. This study shows the use of MD simulations and network analysis to explore the aspects of PRMT4 dimerization, SAM binding and demonstrates the existence of an allosteric network. These findings shed novel insights into the conformational changes associated with hPRMT4, the mechanism of its dimerization, SAM binding and clues for better inhibitor designs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Pratap Singh
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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12
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Bodis J, Farkas B, Nagy B, Kovacs K, Sulyok E. The Role of L-Arginine-NO System in Female Reproduction: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14908. [PMID: 36499238 PMCID: PMC9735906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence are available on the involvement of l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) system in complex biological processes and numerous clinical conditions. Particular attention was made to reveal the association of l-arginine and methylarginines to outcome measures of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). This review attempts to summarize the expression and function of the essential elements of this system with particular reference to the different stages of female reproduction. A literature search was performed on the PubMed and Google Scholar systems. Publications were selected for evaluation according to the results presented in the Abstract. The regulatory role of NO during the period of folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, fertilization, embryogenesis, implantation, placentation, pregnancy, and delivery was surveyed. The major aspects of cellular l-arginine uptake via cationic amino acid transporters (CATs), arginine catabolism by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) to NO and l-citrulline and by arginase to ornithine, and polyamines are presented. The importance of NOS inhibition by methylated arginines and the redox-sensitive elements of the process of NO generation are also shown. The l-arginine-NO system plays a crucial role in all stages of female reproduction. Insufficiently low or excessively high rates of NO generation may have adverse influences on IVF outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Bodis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balint Farkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Nagy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Endre Sulyok
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
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13
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Krzyzanowski A, Esser LM, Willaume A, Prudent R, Peter C, ‘t Hart P, Waldmann H. Development of Macrocyclic PRMT5-Adaptor Protein Interaction Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15300-15311. [PMID: 36378254 PMCID: PMC9706563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The PRMT5-MEP50 methyltransferase is a major target for anticancer drug discovery, and modulators of its interactions with different regulatory proteins are in high demand because they modulate PRMT5 substrate selectivity. We describe a strategy for the development of a PRMT5/adaptor protein PPI inhibitor, which includes the design and synthesis of macrocyclic peptides based on the motif for the interaction of PRMT5 with its adaptor protein RioK1. After the initial exploration of different macrocycle sizes and cyclization linkages, analysis of a peptide library identified hot spots for the variation of the amino acid structure. The incorporation of nonproteinogenic amino acids into the macrocyclic peptide led to a potent cyclic PRMT5 binding peptide (Ki = 66 nM), which selectively inhibits the interaction of PRMT5 with the adaptor proteins RioK1 and pICln (IC50 = 654 nM) but not with the alternative adaptor protein MEP50. The inhibitor is a promising tool for further biological investigation of this intriguing protein interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Krzyzanowski
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany,Faculty
of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical
University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lea Marie Esser
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Renaud Prudent
- Edelris, Bioserra 1, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Christoph Peter
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter ‘t Hart
- Chemical
Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany,
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany,Faculty
of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical
University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany,
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14
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Chen Y, Shi Q, Yang H, Li J, Zhou K, Zhang J, Wang Z, Shi H, Xiong B, Liu J, Huang X, Liu T. Structure-activity Relationship Study of a Series of Nucleoside Derivatives Bearing Sulfonamide Scaffold as Potent and Selective PRMT5 Inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2022; 130:106228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Brekker MA, Sartawi T, Sawatzky TM, Causey CP, Rehman FK, Knuckley B. A peptoid-based inhibitor of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102205. [PMID: 35764172 PMCID: PMC9307946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are S-adenosylmethionine-dependent enzymes that transfer a methyl group to arginine residues within proteins, most notably histones. The nine characterized PRMT family members are divided into three types depending on the resulting methylated product: asymmetric dimethylarginine (Type I PRMT), symmetric dimethylarginine (Type II PRMT), or monomethylated arginine (Type III PRMT). In some cancers, the resulting product can lead to either increased or decreased transcription of cancer-related genes, suggesting PRMT family members may be valid therapeutic targets. Traditionally, peptide-based compounds have been employed to target this family of enzymes, which has resulted in multiple tool and lead compounds being developed. However, peptide-based therapeutics suffer from poor stability and short half-lives, as proteases can render them useless by hydrolytic degradation. Conversely, peptoids, which are peptide-mimetics composed of N-substituted glycine monomers, are less susceptible to hydrolysis, resulting in improved stability and longer half-lives. Herein, we report the development of a bioavailable, peptoid-based PRMT1 inhibitor that induces cell death in MDA468 and HCT116 cancer cell lines while not exhibiting any significant impact on nontumorigenic HepaRG or normal human mammary epithelial cells. Furthermore, the inhibitor described herein appears to induce both apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting it may be a less toxic cytostatic agent. In conclusion, we propose this peptoid-based inhibitor has significant anticancer and therapeutic potential by reducing cell viability, growth, and size in breast and colon cancer. Further experimentation will help determine the mechanism of action and downstream effects of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie A. Brekker
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Tala Sartawi
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Tina M. Sawatzky
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Corey P. Causey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Bryan Knuckley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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16
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Rong D, Zhou K, Fang W, Yang H, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Huang Y, Li J, Dong H, Li L, Ding J, Huang X, Wang Y. Structure-Aided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent and Selective Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors Targeting Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7854-7875. [PMID: 35612488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PRMT5 is a major type II protein arginine methyltransferase and plays important roles in diverse cellular processes. Overexpression of PRMT5 is implicated in various types of cancer. Many efforts have been made to develop potent and selective PRMT5 inhibitors, the most potent of which is usually derived from nucleoside structures. Here, we designed a novel series of non-nucleoside PRMT5 inhibitors through the structure-aided drug design approach. SAR exploration and metabolic stability optimization led to the discovery of compound 41 as a potent PRMT5 inhibitor with good selectivity. Additionally, compound 41 exerted antiproliferative effects against A375 cells by inducing apoptosis and potently inhibited the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5 in cells. Moreover, it showed attractive pharmacokinetic properties and markedly suppressed the tumor growth in an A375 tumor xenograft model. These results clearly indicate that 41 is a highly potent and selective non-nucleoside PRMT5 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqin Rong
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaixin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiongyu Shi
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Xun Huang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China.,Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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17
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Ratovitski T, Jiang M, O'Meally RN, Rauniyar P, Chighladze E, Faragó A, Kamath SV, Jin J, Shevelkin AV, Cole RN, Ross CA. Interaction of huntingtin with PRMTs and its subsequent arginine methylation affects HTT solubility, phase transition behavior and neuronal toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1651-1672. [PMID: 34888656 PMCID: PMC9122652 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT). Post-translational modifications of huntingtin protein (HTT), such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination, have been implicated in HD pathogenesis. Arginine methylation/dimethylation is an important modification with an emerging role in neurodegeneration; however, arginine methylation of HTT remains largely unexplored. Here we report nearly two dozen novel arginine methylation/dimethylation sites on the endogenous HTT from human and mouse brain and human cells suggested by mass spectrometry with data-dependent acquisition. Targeted quantitative mass spectrometry identified differential arginine methylation at specific sites in HD patient-derived striatal precursor cell lines compared to normal controls. We found that HTT can interact with several type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) via its N-terminal domain. Using a combination of in vitro methylation and cell-based experiments, we identified PRMT4 (CARM1) and PRMT6 as major enzymes methylating HTT at specific arginines. Alterations of these methylation sites had a profound effect on biochemical properties of HTT rendering it less soluble in cells and affected its liquid-liquid phase separation and phase transition patterns in vitro. We found that expanded HTT 1-586 fragment can form liquid-like assemblies, which converted into solid-like assemblies when the R200/205 methylation sites were altered. Methyl-null alterations increased HTT toxicity to neuronal cells, while overexpression of PRMT 4 and 6 was beneficial for neuronal survival. Thus, arginine methylation pathways that involve specific HTT-modifying PRMT enzymes and modulate HTT biochemical and toxic properties could provide targets for HD-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ratovitski
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: or Christopher Ross, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, CMSC 9-123, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Fax: +1 4106140013; ,
| | | | | | | | - Ekaterine Chighladze
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anikó Faragó
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Siddhi V Kamath
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alexey V Shevelkin
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert N Cole
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: or Christopher Ross, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, CMSC 9-123, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Fax: +1 4106140013; ,
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18
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Gray JS, Wani SA, Campbell MJ. Epigenomic alterations in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:473-492. [PMID: 35383835 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human cell requires ways to specify its transcriptome without altering the essential sequence of DNA; this is achieved through mechanisms which govern the epigenetic state of DNA and epitranscriptomic state of RNA. These alterations can be found as modified histone proteins, cytosine DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and mRNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A). The different aspects of epigenomic and epitranscriptomic modifications require protein complexes to write, read, and erase these chemical alterations. Reflecting these important roles, many of these reader/writer/eraser proteins are either frequently mutated or differentially expressed in cancer. The disruption of epigenetic regulation in the cell can both contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and increase the likelihood of developing resistance to chemotherapies. Development of therapeutics to target proteins involved in epigenomic/epitranscriptomic modifications has been intensive, but further refinement is necessary to achieve ideal treatment outcomes without too many off-target effects for cancer patients. Therefore, further integration of clinical outcomes combined with large-scale genomic analyses is imperative for furthering understanding of epigenomic mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie S Gray
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Sajad A Wani
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
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19
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Banu S, Gaur N, Nair S, Ravikrishnan T, Khan S, Mani S, Bharathi S, Mandal K, Kuram NA, Vuppaladadium S, Ravi R, Murthy CLN, Quoseena M, Babu NS, Idris MM. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of epimorphic regeneration in zebrafish caudal fin tissue. Genomics 2022; 114:110300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Li X, Zhang L, Xu J, Liu C, Zhang X, Abdelmoneim AA, Zhang Q, Ke J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yang F, Luo C, Jin J, Ye F. Identification, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluations of Potent Inhibitors Targeting Type I Protein Arginine Methyltransferases. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:692-702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chenyu Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Amr Abbas Abdelmoneim
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiaqi Ke
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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21
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Nibona E, Niyonkuru C, Liang X, Yao Q, Zhao H. Essential Roles of PRMT5-MEP50 Complex Formation and Cancer Therapy. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Arginine Methyltransferase PeRmtC Regulates Development and Pathogenicity of Penicilliumexpansum via Mediating Key Genes in Conidiation and Secondary Metabolism. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100807. [PMID: 34682229 PMCID: PMC8537047 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium expansum is one of the most common and destructive post-harvest fungal pathogens that can cause blue mold rot and produce mycotoxins in fruit, leading to significant post-harvest loss and food safety concerns. Arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) modulates various cellular processes in many eukaryotes. However, the functions of PRMTs are largely unknown in post-harvest fungal pathogens. To explore their roles in P. expansum, we identified four PRMTs (PeRmtA, PeRmtB, PeRmtC, and PeRmt2). The single deletion of PeRmtA, PeRmtB, or PeRmt2 had minor or no impact on the P. expansum phenotype while deletion of PeRmtC resulted in decreased conidiation, delayed conidial germination, impaired pathogenicity and pigment biosynthesis, and altered tolerance to environmental stresses. Further research showed that PeRmtC could regulate two core regulatory genes, PeBrlA and PeAbaA, in conidiation, a series of backbone genes in secondary metabolism, and affect the symmetric ω-NG, N’G-dimethylarginine (sDMA) modification of proteins with molecular weights of primarily 16–17 kDa. Collectively, this work functionally characterized four PRMTs in P. expansum and showed the important roles of PeRmtC in the development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of P. expansum.
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23
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Fulton MD, Cao M, Ho MC, Zhao X, Zheng YG. The macromolecular complexes of histones affect protein arginine methyltransferase activities. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101123. [PMID: 34492270 PMCID: PMC8511957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone arginine methylation is a key post-translational modification that mediates epigenetic events that activate or repress gene transcription. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are the driving force for the process of arginine methylation, and the core histone proteins have been shown to be substrates for most PRMT family members. However, previous reports of the enzymatic activities of PRMTs on histones in the context of nucleosomes seem contradictory. Moreover, what governs nucleosomal substrate recognition of different PRMT members is not understood. We sought to address this key biological question by examining how different macromolecular contexts where the core histones reside may regulate arginine methylation catalyzed by individual PRMT members (i.e., PRMT1, PRMT3, PRMT4, PRMT5, PRMT6, PRMT7, and PRMT8). Our results demonstrated that the substrate context exhibits a huge impact on the histone arginine methylation activity of PRMTs. Although all the tested PRMTs methylate multiple free histones individually, they show a preference for one particular histone substrate in the context of the histone octamer. We found that PRMT1, PRMT3, PRMT5, PRMT6, PRMT7, and PRMT8 preferentially methylate histone H4, whereas PRMT4/coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 prefers histone H3. Importantly, neither reconstituted nor cell-extracted mononucleosomes could be methylated by any PRMTs tested. Structural analysis suggested that the electrostatic interaction may play a mechanistic role in priming the substrates for methylation by PRMT enzymes. Taken together, this work expands our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of PRMT substrate recognition and has important implications for understanding cellular dynamics and kinetics of histone arginine methylation in regulating gene transcription and other chromatin-templated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mengtong Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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PRMT5 Selective Inhibitor Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Cisplatin in Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116131. [PMID: 34200178 PMCID: PMC8201369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a therapeutic approach, epigenetic modifiers have the potential to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, was identified to be involved in tumorigenesis. In the current study, we examined the potential antineoplastic activity of PRMT5 inhibitor, arginine methyltransferase inhibitor 1 (AMI-1), and cisplatin on lung adenocarcinoma. Bioinformatic analyses identified apoptosis, DNA damage, and cell cycle progression as the main PRMT5-associated functional pathways, and survival analysis linked the increased PRMT5 gene expression to worse overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma. Combined AMI-1 and cisplatin treatment significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest in A549 and DMS 53 cells was evident after AMI-1, and was reinforced after combination treatment. Western blot analysis showed a reduction in demethylation histone 4, a PRMT5- downstream target, after treatment with AMI-1 alone or in combination with cisplatin. While the combination approach tackled lung cancer cell survival, it exhibited cytoprotective abilities on HBEpC (normal epithelial cells). The survival of normal bronchial epithelial cells was not affected by using AMI-1. This study highlights evidence of novel selective antitumor activity of AMI-1 in combination with cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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25
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Epigenetics of addiction. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105069. [PMID: 33992741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are complex biopsychosocial disorders that have substantial negative neurocognitive impact in various patient populations. These diseases involve the compulsive use of licit or illicit substances despite adverse medicolegal consequences and appear to be secondary to long-lasting epigenetic and transcriptional adaptations in brain reward and non-reward circuits. The accumulated evidence supports the notion that repeated drug use causes changes in post-translational histone modifications and in DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation processes in several brain regions. This review provides an overview of epigenetic changes reported in models of cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioid use disorders. The accumulated data suggest that future therapeutic interventions should focus on the development of epigenetic drugs against addictive diseases.
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Morita K, Hatanaka Y, Ihashi S, Asano M, Miyamoto K, Matsumoto K. Symmetrically dimethylated histone H3R2 promotes global transcription during minor zygotic genome activation in mouse pronuclei. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10146. [PMID: 33980975 PMCID: PMC8115239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal genome reprogramming, such as protamine–histone exchange and global DNA demethylation, is crucial for the development of fertilised embryos. Previously, our study showed that one of histone arginine methylation, asymmetrically dimethylated histone H3R17 (H3R17me2a), is necessary for epigenetic reprogramming in the mouse paternal genome. However, roles of histone arginine methylation in reprogramming after fertilisation are still poorly understood. Here, we report that H3R2me2s promotes global transcription at the 1-cell stage, referred to as minor zygotic genome activation (ZGA). The inhibition of H3R2me2s by expressing a histone H3.3 mutant H3.3R2A prevented embryonic development from the 2-cell to 4-cell stages and significantly reduced global RNA synthesis and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) activity. Consistent with this result, the expression levels of MuERV-L as minor ZGA transcripts were decreased by forced expression of H3.3R2A. Furthermore, treatment with an inhibitor and co-injection of siRNA to PRMT5 and PRMT7 also resulted in the attenuation of transcriptional activities with reduction of H3R2me2s in the pronuclei of zygotes. Interestingly, impairment of H3K4 methylation by expression of H3.3K4M resulted in a decrease of H3R2me2s in male pronuclei. Our findings suggest that H3R2me2s together with H3K4 methylation is involved in global transcription during minor ZGA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Morita
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan. .,Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hatanaka
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Medical Research Council (MRC) London Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shunya Ihashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
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27
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The Role of Protein Arginine Methylation as Post-Translational Modification on Actin Cytoskeletal Components in Neuronal Structure and Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051079. [PMID: 34062765 PMCID: PMC8147392 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain encompasses a complex network of neurons with exceptionally elaborated morphologies of their axonal (signal-sending) and dendritic (signal-receiving) parts. De novo actin filament formation is one of the major driving and steering forces for the development and plasticity of the neuronal arbor. Actin filament assembly and dynamics thus require tight temporal and spatial control. Such control is particularly effective at the level of regulating actin nucleation-promoting factors, as these are key components for filament formation. Arginine methylation represents an important post-translational regulatory mechanism that had previously been mainly associated with controlling nuclear processes. We will review and discuss emerging evidence from inhibitor studies and loss-of-function models for protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), both in cells and whole organisms, that unveil that protein arginine methylation mediated by PRMTs represents an important regulatory mechanism in neuritic arbor formation, as well as in dendritic spine induction, maturation and plasticity. Recent results furthermore demonstrated that arginine methylation regulates actin cytosolic cytoskeletal components not only as indirect targets through additional signaling cascades, but can also directly control an actin nucleation-promoting factor shaping neuronal cells—a key process for the formation of neuronal networks in vertebrate brains.
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Faheem, Karan Kumar B, Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar K, Chander S, Kunjiappan S, Murugesan S. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) as privileged scaffold for anticancer de novo drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1119-1147. [PMID: 33908322 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1916464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is a dreadful disorder that is emerging as one of the leading causes of mortality across the globe. The complex tumor environment, supplemented with drawbacks of the existing drugs, has made it a global health concern. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring holds an important position in medicinal chemistry due to its wide range of pharmacological properties. Several THIQ based natural products have been previously explored for their antitumor properties, making it a vital scaffold for anticancer drug design.Areas covered: This review article addresses the potential of THIQ as anticancer agents. Various medicinal chemistry strategies employed for the design and development of THIQ analogs as inhibitors or modulators of relevant anticancer targets have been discussed in detail. Moreover, the common strategies employed for the synthesis of the core scaffold are also highlighted.Expert opinion: Evidently, THIQs have tremendous potential in anticancer drug design. Some of these analogs exhibited potent activity against various cancer molecular targets. However, there are some drawbacks, such as selectivity that need addressing. The synthetic ease for constructing the core scaffold complimented with its reactivity makes it ideal for further structure-activity relationship studies. For these reasons, THIQ is a privileged scaffold for the design and development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | | | - Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
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Jurado M, Castaño Ó, Zorzano A. Stochastic modulation evidences a transitory EGF-Ras-ERK MAPK activity induced by PRMT5. Comput Biol Med 2021; 133:104339. [PMID: 33910125 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway involves a three-step cascade of kinases that transduce signals and promote processes such as cell growth, development, and apoptosis. An aberrant response of this pathway is related to the proliferation of cell diseases and tumors. By using simulation modeling, we document that the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) modulates the MAPK pathway and thus avoids an aberrant behavior. PRMT5 methylates the Raf kinase, reducing its catalytic activity and thereby, reducing the activation of ERK in time and amplitude. Two minimal computational models of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-Ras-ERK MAPK pathway influenced by PRMT5 were proposed: a first model in which PRMT5 is activated by EGF and a second one in which PRMT5 is stimulated by the cascade response. The reported results show that PRMT5 reduces the time duration and the expression of the activated ERK in both cases, but only in the first model PRMT5 limits the EGF range that generates an ERK activation. Based on our data, we propose the protein PRMT5 as a regulatory factor to develop strategies to fight against an excessive activity of the MAPK pathway, which could be of use in chronic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jurado
- Biotechnology Ph.D. Programme, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Castaño
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Bioelectronics Unit and Nanobioengineering Lab., Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Krzyzanowski A, Gasper R, Adihou H, Hart P', Waldmann H. Biochemical Investigation of the Interaction of pICln, RioK1 and COPR5 with the PRMT5-MEP50 Complex. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1908-1914. [PMID: 33624332 PMCID: PMC8252068 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The PRMT5–MEP50 methyltransferase complex plays a key role in various cancers and is regulated by different protein–protein interactions. Several proteins have been reported to act as adaptor proteins that recruit substrate proteins to the active site of PRMT5 for the methylation of arginine residues. To define the interaction between these adaptor proteins and PRMT5, we employed peptide truncation and mutation studies and prepared truncated protein constructs. We report the characterisation of the interface between the TIM barrel of PRMT5 and the adaptor proteins pICln, RioK1 and COPR5, and identify the consensus amino acid sequence GQF[D/E]DA[E/D] involved in binding. Protein crystallography revealed that the RioK1 derived peptide interacts with a novel PPI site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Krzyzanowski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Raphael Gasper
- Crystallography and Biophysics Unit, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hélène Adihou
- AstraZeneca MPI Satellite Unit, Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter 't Hart
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
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31
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Histone H4-based peptoids are inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). Biochem J 2021; 477:2971-2980. [PMID: 32716034 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of arginine residues occurs on a number of protein substrates, most notably the N-terminal tails of histones, and is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). This modification can lead to transcriptional activation or repression of cancer-related genes. To date, a number of inhibitors, based on natural peptide substrates, have been developed for the PRMT family of enzymes. However, because peptides are easily degraded in vivo, the utility of these inhibitors as potential therapeutics is limited. The use of peptoids, which are peptide mimetics where the amino acid side chain is attached to the nitrogen in the amide backbone instead of the α-carbon, may circumvent the problems associated with peptide degradation. Given the structural similarities, peptoid scaffolds may provide enhanced stability, while preserving the mechanism of action. Herein, we have identified that peptoids based on natural peptide substrates are not catalyzed to the product by PRMT1, but instead are inhibitors of this enzyme. Reducing the length of the peptoid reduces inhibition and suggest the residues distal from the site of modification are important for binding. Furthermore, a positive charge on the N-terminus helps promote binding and improves inhibition. Selectivity among family members is likely possible based on inhibition being moderately selective for PRMT1 over PRMT5 and provides a scaffold that can be used to develop pharmaceuticals against this class of enzymes.
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32
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Sumi MP, Mahajan B, Sattar RSA, Nimisha, Apurva, Kumar A, Sharma AK, Ahmad E, Ali A, Saluja SS. Elucidation of Epigenetic Landscape in Coronary Artery Disease: A Review on Basic Concept to Personalized Medicine. Epigenet Insights 2021; 14:2516865720988567. [PMID: 33598635 PMCID: PMC7863167 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720988567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive clinical research and management protocols applied in the field of coronary artery diseases (CAD), it still holds the number 1 position in mortality worldwide. This indicates that we need to work on precision medicine to discover the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic targets to improve the outcome of CAD. In precision medicine, epigenetic changes play a vital role in disease onset and progression. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes that do not affect the alterations of DNA sequence in the genome. It comprises various covalent modifications that occur in DNA or histone proteins affecting the spatial arrangement of the DNA and histones. These multiple modifications include DNA/histone methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation. Besides these covalent modifications, non-coding RNAs-viz. miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA are also involved in epigenetics. Smoking, alcohol, diet, environmental pollutants, obesity, and lifestyle are some of the prime factors affecting epigenetic alterations. Novel molecular techniques such as next-generation sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry have been developed to identify important cross points in the epigenetic web in relation to various diseases. The studies regarding exploration of epigenetics, have led researchers to identify multiple diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets that are being used in different disease diagnosis and management. Here in this review, we will discuss various ground-breaking contributions of past and recent studies in the epigenetic field in concert with coronary artery diseases. Future prospects of epigenetics and its implication in CAD personalized medicine will also be discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta P Sumi
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Apurva
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Bryant JP, Heiss J, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK. Arginine Methylation in Brain Tumors: Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010124. [PMID: 33440687 PMCID: PMC7827394 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the modification of target proteins by adding methyl groups to the guanidino nitrogen atoms of arginine residues. Protein arginine methylation takes part in epigenetic and cellular regulation and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and tumor progression. Aberrant expression of PRMTs is associated with the development of brain tumors such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. Identifying PRMTs as plausible contributors to tumorigenesis has led to preclinical and clinical investigations of PRMT inhibitors for glioblastoma and medulloblastoma therapy. In this review, we discuss the role of arginine methylation in cancer biology and provide an update on the use of small molecule inhibitors of PRMTs to treat glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and other cancers.
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34
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Pande V, Sun W, Beke L, Berthelot D, Brehmer D, Brown D, Corbera J, Irving S, Meerpoel L, Nys T, Parade M, Robinson C, Sommen C, Viellevoye M, Wu T, Thuring JW. A Chemical Probe for the Methyl Transferase PRMT5 with a Novel Binding Mode. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2227-2231. [PMID: 33214833 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an enzyme that can symmetrically dimethylate arginine residues in histones and nonhistone proteins by using S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) as the methyl donating cofactor. We have designed a library of SAM analogues and discovered potent, cell-active, and selective spiro diamines as inhibitors of the enzymatic function of PRMT5. Crystallographic studies confirmed a very interesting binding mode, involving protein flexibility, where both the cofactor pocket and part of substrate binding site are occupied by these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Pande
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Weimei Sun
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
| | - Lijs Beke
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Didier Berthelot
- Janssen Research and Development, Campus de Maigremont CS 10615, Val de Reuil 27106, France
| | - Dirk Brehmer
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - David Brown
- Charles River Laboratories, Structural Biology Group, Sandwich Site,, Building 500 Lab G5, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Jordi Corbera
- Eurofins-Villapharma Research, Parque Tecnoloǵico de Fuente Alamo, Carretera El Estrecho-Lobosillo, Km. 2.5, E-30320 Fuente Alamo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Steve Irving
- Charles River Laboratories, Structural Biology Group, Sandwich Site,, Building 500 Lab G5, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Lieven Meerpoel
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Thomas Nys
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marc Parade
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Colin Robinson
- Charles River Laboratories, Structural Biology Group, Sandwich Site,, Building 500 Lab G5, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Cois Sommen
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Tongfei Wu
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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35
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Yi M, Ma Y, Chen Y, Liu C, Wang Q, Deng H. Glutathionylation Decreases Methyltransferase Activity of PRMT5 and Inhibits Cell Proliferation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1910-1920. [PMID: 32868396 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathionylation is an important posttranslational modification that protects proteins from further oxidative damage as well as influencing protein structure and activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that the cysteine-42 residue in protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is glutathionylated in aged mice or in cells that have been exposed to oxidative stress. Deglutathionylation of this protein is catalyzed by glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1). Using mutagenesis and subsequent biochemical analyses, we show that glutathionylation decreased the binding affinity of PRMT5 with methylosome protein-50 (MEP50) and reduced the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5. Furthermore, overexpression of PRMT5-C42A mutant caused a significant increase in histone methylation in HEK293T and A549 cells and promoted cell growth, whereas overexpression of the PRMT5-C42D mutant, a mimic of glutathionylated PRMT5, inhibited cell proliferation. Taken together, our results demonstrate a new mechanism of regulation of PRMT5 methyltransferases activity and suggest that PRMT5 glutathionylation is partly responsible for reactive oxygen species-mediated cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Beijing, China
| | - Chongdong Liu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Beijing, China.
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36
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Zhu K, Peng Y, Hu J, Zhan H, Yang L, Gao Q, Jia H, Luo R, Dai Z, Tang Z, Fan J, Zhou J. Metadherin-PRMT5 complex enhances the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:130-138. [PMID: 31498866 PMCID: PMC7175245 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest that metadherin (MTDH) may function as an oncogene. Our previous study showed that MTDH promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In this study, we aim to further elucidate how MTDH promotes HCC metastasis. Using Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and mass spectrometry, we found that MTDH can specifically bind to protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). Further functional assays revealed that PRMT5 overexpression promoted the proliferation and motility of HCC cells and that knockout of PRMT5 impeded the effect of MTDH. The immunohistochemistry assay/tissue microarray results showed that when MTDH was overexpressed in HCC cells, PRMT5 translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, with the subsequent translocation of β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulation of the WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway. Further in vivo experiments suggested that PRMT5 and β-catenin played a pivotal role in MTDH-mediated HCC metastasis. We therefore concluded that the MTDH-PRMT5 complex promotes HCC metastasis by regulating the WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfei Peng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwu Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuxiao Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyou Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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Raveendran VV, Al-Haffar K, Kunhi M, Belhaj K, Al-Habeeb W, Al-Buraiki J, Eyjolsson A, Poizat C. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 mediates cardiac hypertrophy by differential regulation of histone H3 arginine methylation. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03864. [PMID: 32420474 PMCID: PMC7218648 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains a major cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. Heart failure can be caused by abnormalities in the epigenome resulting from dysregulation of histone-modifying enzymes. While chromatin enzymes catalyzing lysine acetylation and methylation of histones have been the topic of many investigations, the role of arginine methyltransferases has been overlooked. In an effort to understand regulatory mechanisms implicated in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, we assessed the expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in the left ventricle of failing human hearts and control hearts. Our results show a significant up-regulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) in failing human hearts compared to control hearts, which also occurs in the early phase of cardiac hypertrophy in mouse hearts subjected to pressure overload hypertrophy induced by trans-aortic constriction (TAC), and in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) stimulated with the hypertrophic agonist phenylephrine (PE). These changes are associated with a significant increase in arginine 2 asymmetric methylation of histone H3 (H3R2Me2a) and reduced lysine 4 tri-methylation of H3 (H3K4Me3) observed both in NRVM and in vivo. Importantly, forced expression of PRMT6 in NRVM enhances the expression of the hypertrophic marker, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Conversely, specific silencing of PRMT6 reduces ANP protein expression and cell size, indicating that PRMT6 is critical for the PE-mediated hypertrophic response. Silencing of PRMT6 reduces H3R2Me2a, a mark normally associated with transcriptional repression. Furthermore, evaluation of cardiac contractility and global ion channel activity in live NRVM shows a striking reduction of spontaneous beating rates and prolongation of extra-cellular field potentials in cells expressing low-level PRMT6. Altogether, our results indicate that PRMT6 is a critical regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, implicating H3R2Me2a as an important histone modification. This study identifies PRMT6 as a new epigenetic regulator and suggests a new point of control in chromatin to inhibit pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineesh Vimala Raveendran
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamar Al-Haffar
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Kunhi
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karim Belhaj
- College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, PO Box 50927, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Atli Eyjolsson
- Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Coralie Poizat
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY 13501, USA
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38
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Kozako T, Itoh Y, Honda SI, Suzuki T. Epigenetic Control Using Small Molecules in Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32857-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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39
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Park SW, Jun YW, Choi HE, Lee JA, Jang DJ. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the plasma membrane targeting of PRMT8. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 30670150 PMCID: PMC6827574 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.10.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation plays crucial roles in many cellular functions including signal transduction, RNA transcription, and regulation of gene expression. Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 (PRMT8), a unique brain-specific protein, is localized to the plasma membrane. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying PRMT8 plasma membrane targeting remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the N-terminal 20 amino acids of PRMT8 are sufficient for plasma membrane localization and that oligomerization enhances membrane localization. The basic amino acids, combined with myristoylation within the N-terminal 20 amino acids of PRMT8, are critical for plasma membrane targeting. We also found that substituting Gly-2 with Ala [PRMT8(G2A)] or Cys-9 with Ser [PRMT8(C9S)] induces the formation of punctate structures in the cytosol or patch-like plasma membrane localization, respectively. Impairment of PRMT8 oligomerization/dimerization by Cterminal deletion induces PRMT8 mis-localization to the mitochondria, prevents the formation of punctate structures by PRMT8(G2A), and inhibits PRMT8(C9S) patch-like plasma membrane localization. Overall, these results suggest that oligomerization/dimerization plays several roles in inducing the efficient and specific plasma membrane localization of PRMT8. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(10): 601-606].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Park
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Jun
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Choi
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Deok-Jin Jang
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
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40
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Peng BL, Li WJ, Ding JC, He YH, Ran T, Xie BL, Wang ZR, Shen HF, Xiao RQ, Gao WW, Ye TY, Gao X, Liu W. A hypermethylation strategy utilized by enhancer-bound CARM1 to promote estrogen receptor α-dependent transcriptional activation and breast carcinogenesis. Theranostics 2020; 10:3451-3473. [PMID: 32206101 PMCID: PMC7069091 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and PRMT-catalyzed protein methylation have been well-known to be involved in a myriad of biological processes, their functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms in cancers, particularly in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancers, remain incompletely understood. Here we focused on investigating PRMT4 (also called coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1, CARM1) in ERα-positive breast cancers due to its high expression and the associated poor prognosis. Methods: ChIP-seq and RNA-seq were employed to identify the chromatin-binding landscape and transcriptional targets of CARM1, respectively, in the presence of estrogen in ERα-positive MCF7 breast cancer cells. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of enriched peptides from anti-monomethyl- and anti-asymmetric dimethyl-arginine antibodies in SILAC labeled wild-type and CARM1 knockout cells were performed to globally map CARM1 methylation substrates. Cell viability was measured by MTS and colony formation assay, and cell cycle was measured by FACS analysis. Cell migration and invasion capacities were examined by wound-healing and trans-well assay, respectively. Xenograft assay was used to analyze tumor growth in vivo. Results: CARM1 was found to be predominantly and specifically recruited to ERα-bound active enhancers and essential for the transcriptional activation of cognate estrogen-induced genes in response to estrogen treatment. Global mapping of CARM1 substrates revealed that CARM1 methylated a large cohort of proteins with diverse biological functions, including regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor-mediated signaling, chromatin organization and chromatin remodeling. A large number of CARM1 substrates were found to be exclusively hypermethylated by CARM1 on a cluster of arginine residues. Exemplified by MED12, hypermethylation of these proteins by CARM1 served as a molecular beacon for recruiting coactivator protein, tudor-domain-containing protein 3 (TDRD3), to CARM1-bound active enhancers to activate estrogen/ERα-target genes. In consistent with its critical role in estrogen/ERα-induced gene transcriptional activation, CARM1 was found to promote cell proliferation of ERα-positive breast cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in mice. Conclusions: our study uncovered a “hypermethylation” strategy utilized by enhancer-bound CARM1 in gene transcriptional regulation, and suggested that CARM1 can server as a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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41
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Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Cardiovascular and Neuronal Function. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1716-1732. [PMID: 31823198 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is a type of post-translational modification which is important for numerous cellular processes, including mRNA splicing, DNA repair, signal transduction, protein interaction, and transport. PRMTs have been extensively associated with various pathologies, including cancer, inflammation, and immunity response. However, the role of PRMTs has not been well described in vascular and neurological function. Aberrant expression of PRMTs can alter its metabolic products, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Increased ADMA levels are recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Recent studies have provided considerable advances in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of PRMTs to study their function under normal and pathological states. In this review, we aim to elucidate the particular roles of PRMTs in vascular and neuronal function as a potential target for cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
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42
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Tao H, Yan X, Zhu K, Zhang H. Discovery of Novel PRMT5 Inhibitors by Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluations. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:382-388. [PMID: 30930442 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As an important epigenetics related enzyme, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been confirmed as an anticancer therapeutic target in recent years. Among all the reported PRMT5 inhibitors, two small molecules (GSK-3326595 and JNJ-64619178) are currently being assessed in clinical trial. In this study, 40 PRMT5 inhibitor candidates were purchased from SPECS database supplier according to the pharmacophore and molecular docking based virtual screening results. Alpha linked immunosorbent assay (LISA) methylation assay was performed to test their inhibitory activity against PRMT5. The in vitro enzymatic assay results indicated that four compounds (2, 4, 10 and 37) showed PRMT5 inhibitory activity, while 4 and 10 displayed the most potent activity with IC50 values of 8.1 ± 1.1 and 6.5 ± 0.6 µM, respectively. The inhibitory activity results of 20 extra analogs of 4 further confirmed the potency of this scaffold. As expected, compounds 4 and 10 exhibited moderate anti-proliferative activity against mantle cell lymphoma Jeko-1 and leukemia cell MV4-11. Besides, Western blot assay results showed that 4 could reduce the H4R3me2s level in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that it could inhibit the activity of PRMT5 in cellular context. Detailed interactions between 4 and PRMT5 were characterized by binding mode analysis through molecular docking. The compounds discovered in this study will inspire medicinal chemists to further explore this series of PRMT5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan.,Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
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43
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Adamopoulos PG, Mavrogiannis AV, Kontos CK, Scorilas A. Novel alternative splice variants of the human protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) gene, discovered using next-generation sequencing. Gene 2019; 699:135-144. [PMID: 30849541 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is highly expected to help researchers disclose the complexity of alternative splicing and understand its association with carcinogenesis. Alternative splicing alterations are firmly associated with multiple malignancies, in terms of functional roles in malignant transformation, motility, and/or metastasis of cancer cells. One perfect example illustrating the connection between alternative splicing and cancer is the human protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) gene, previously cloned from members of our research group and involved in a variety of processes including transcription, DNA repair, and signal transduction. Two splice variants of PRMT1 (variants v.1 and v.2) are downregulated in breast cancer. In addition, PRMT1 v.2 promotes the survival and invasiveness of breast cancer cells, while it could serve as a biomarker of unfavorable prognosis in colon cancer patients. The aim of this study was the molecular cloning of novel alternative splice variants of PRMT1 with the use of 3' RACE coupled with NGS technology. Extensive bioinformatics and computational analysis revealed a significant number of 19 novel alternative splicing events between annotated exons of PRMT1 as well as one novel exon, resulting in the discovery of multiple PRMT1 transcripts. In order to validate the full sequence of the novel transcripts, RT-PCR was carried out with the use of variant-specific primers. As a result, 58 novel PRMT1 transcripts were identified, 34 of which are mRNAs encoding new protein isoforms, whereas the rest 24 transcripts are candidates for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantios V Mavrogiannis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece.
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44
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Li X, Wang C, Jiang H, Luo C. A patent review of arginine methyltransferase inhibitors (2010-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:97-114. [PMID: 30640571 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1567711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are fundamental enzymes that specifically modify the arginine residues of versatile substrates in cells. The aberrant expression and abnormal enzymatic activity of PRMTs are associated with many human diseases, especially cancer. PRMTs are emerging as promising drug targets in both academia and industry. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the updated patented inhibitors targeting PRMTs from 2010 to 2018. The authors illustrate the chemical structures, molecular mechanism of action, pharmacological activities as well as the potential clinical application including combination therapy and biomarker-guided therapy. PRMT inhibitors in clinical trials are also highlighted. The authors provide a future perspective for further development of potent and selective PRMT inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Although a number of small molecule inhibitors of PRMTs with sufficient potency have been developed, the selectivity of most PRMT inhibitors remains to be improved. Hence, novel approaches such as allosteric regulation need to be further studied to identify PRMT inhibitors. So far, three PRMT inhibitors have entered clinical trials, including PRMT5 inhibitor GSK3326595 and JNJ-64619178 as well as PRMT1 inhibitor GSK3368715. PRMT inhibitors with novel mechanism of action and good drug-like properties may shed new light on drug research and development progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Chen Wang
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Hao Jiang
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Cheng Luo
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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45
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Shafabakhsh R, Aghadavod E, Ghayour‐Mobarhan M, Ferns G, Asemi Z. Role of histone modification and DNA methylation in signaling pathways involved in diabetic retinopathy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7839-7846. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Division of Medical Education Brighton & Sussex Medical School Brighton UK
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
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46
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Mann SA, Salsburg A, Causey CP, Knuckley B. The development and characterization of a chemical probe targeting PRMT1 over PRMT5. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:224-229. [PMID: 30529151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of mammalian enzymes catalyzing the symmetric dimethylation (Type I), asymmetric dimethylation (Type II), or monomethylation (Type III) of arginine residues within proteins. This family is composed of 11 isozymes, however the vast majority of asymmetric and symmetric dimethylation in mammals is completed by either PRMT1 or PRMT5, respectively. In recent years, a number of chemical probes targeting this family of enzymes have been developed, but the majority of these probes lack isozyme specificity. Herein, we report the development of a chemical probe, based on a non-natural peptide sequence, which specifically labels PRMT1 over PRMT5 with high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Mann
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224-7699, United States
| | - Andrew Salsburg
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224-7699, United States
| | - Corey P Causey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224-7699, United States
| | - Bryan Knuckley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224-7699, United States.
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47
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li S, Wu Z, Yan Y, Li Y. Prmt7 regulates epiboly and gastrulation cell movements by facilitating syntenin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1280-1287. [PMID: 30383201 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epiboly spreads and thins the blastoderm over the yolk cell during zebrafish gastrulation. Despite of its fundamental function, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control this coordinated cell movement. In this study, we investigated protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (Prmt7) morphants with an epibolic delay defect in zebrafish. The ratio of morphants with epiboly delay phenotypes increased as the dose of the injected morpholino (MO) increased. Here, syntenin transcripts are maternally deposited and ubiquitously expressed from the oocyte period to the early larva stage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Prmt7 modulates epibolic movements of the enveloping layer by regulating F-actin organization. These defects can be partially rescued by re-expression of Prmt7 or syntenin protein. Analysis of the earliest cellular defects suggested a role of Prmt7 in the autonomous vegetal expansion of the yolk syncytial layer and the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in extra-embryonic tissues. By a combination of knockdown studies and rescue experiments in zebrafish, we showed that epiboly relies on the molecular networking of Prmt7 by facilitating syntenin, which acts as a regulator for cytoskeleton. This study identifies the important function of the Prmt7 for the progression of zebrafish epiboly and establishes its key role in directional cell movements during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanchang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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48
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Discovery of new potent protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitors by assembly of key pharmacophores from known inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3693-3699. [PMID: 30366617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an epigenetics related enzyme that has been validated as a promising therapeutic target for human cancer. Up to now, two small molecule PRMT5 inhibitors has been put into phase I clinical trial. In the present study, a series of candidate molecules were designed by combining key pharmacophores of formerly reported PRMT5 inhibitors. The in vitro PRMT5 inhibitory testing of compound 4b14 revealed an IC50 of 2.71 μM, exhibiting high selectivity over PRMT1 and PRMT4 (>70-fold selective). As expected, 4b14 exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against a panel of leukemia and lymphoma cells, including MV4-11, Pfeiffer, SU-DHL-4 and KARPAS-422. Besides, 4b14 showed significant cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-inducing effects, as well as reduced the cellular symmetric arginine dimethylation level of SmD3 protein. Finally, affinity profiling analysis indicated that hydrophobic interactions, π-π stacking and cation-π actions made the major contributions to the overall binding affinity. This scaffold provides a new chemical template for further development of better lead compounds targeting PRMT5.
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49
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Yerra VG, Advani A. Histones and heart failure in diabetes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3193-3213. [PMID: 29934664 PMCID: PMC6063320 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although heart failure is now accepted as being a major long-term complication of diabetes, many of the recent advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of diabetes complications have come about through the study of more traditional microvascular or macrovascular diseases. This has been the case, for example, in the evolving field of the epigenetics of diabetes complications and, in particular, the post-translational modification of histone proteins. However, histone modifications also occur in human heart failure and their perturbation also occurs in diabetic hearts. Here, we review the principal histone modifications and their enzymatic writers and erasers that have been studied to date; we discuss what is currently known about their roles in heart failure and in the diabetic heart; we draw on lessons learned from the studies of microvascular and macrovascular complications; and we speculate that therapeutically manipulating histone modifications may alter the natural history of heart failure in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, 6-151, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, 6-151, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada.
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Biswas S, Rao CM. Epigenetic tools (The Writers, The Readers and The Erasers) and their implications in cancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 837:8-24. [PMID: 30125562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Addition of chemical tags on the DNA and modification of histone proteins impart a distinct feature on chromatin architecture. With the advancement in scientific research, the key players underlying these changes have been identified as epigenetic modifiers of the chromatin. Indeed, the plethora of enzymes catalyzing these modifications, portray the diversity of epigenetic space and the intricacy in regulating gene expression. These epigenetic players are categorized as writers: that introduce various chemical modifications on DNA and histones, readers: the specialized domain containing proteins that identify and interpret those modifications and erasers: the dedicated group of enzymes proficient in removing these chemical tags. Research over the past few decades has established that these epigenetic tools are associated with numerous disease conditions especially cancer. Besides, with the involvement of epigenetics in cancer, these enzymes and protein domains provide new targets for cancer drug development. This is certain from the volume of epigenetic research conducted in universities and R&D sector of pharmaceutical industry. Here we have highlighted the different types of epigenetic enzymes and protein domains with an emphasis on methylation and acetylation. This review also deals with the recent developments in small molecule inhibitors as potential anti-cancer drugs targeting the epigenetic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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