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Stern M, Botha N, Cloete KJ, Maaza M, Tan S, Bicker G. Neurotoxicity and Developmental Neurotoxicity of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles on a Human Neuronal In-Vitro Test System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5650. [PMID: 38891838 PMCID: PMC11172337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are becoming increasingly important novel materials for many purposes, including basic research, medicine, agriculture, and engineering. Increasing human and environmental exposure to these promising compounds requires assessment of their potential health risks. While the general direct cytotoxicity of NPs is often routinely measured, more indirect possible long-term effects, such as reproductive or developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), have been studied only occasionally and, if so, mostly on non-human animal models, such as zebrafish embryos. In this present study, we employed a well-characterized human neuronal precursor cell line to test the concentration-dependent DNT of green-manufactured copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles on crucial early events in human brain development. CuS NPs turned out to be generally cytotoxic in the low ppm range. Using an established prediction model, we found a clear DNT potential of CuS NPs on neuronal precursor cell migration and neurite outgrowth, with IC50 values 10 times and 5 times, respectively, lower for the specific DNT endpoint than for general cytotoxicity. We conclude that, in addition to the opportunities of NPs, their risks to human health should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stern
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.)
| | - Nandipha Botha
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences & Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa
| | - Karen J. Cloete
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences & Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa
| | - Malik Maaza
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences & Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa
| | - Saime Tan
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.)
| | - Gerd Bicker
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.)
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Koch K, Bartmann K, Hartmann J, Kapr J, Klose J, Kuchovská E, Pahl M, Schlüppmann K, Zühr E, Fritsche E. Scientific Validation of Human Neurosphere Assays for Developmental Neurotoxicity Evaluation. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:816370. [PMID: 35295221 PMCID: PMC8915868 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.816370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a call for a paradigm shift in developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) evaluation, which demands the implementation of faster, more cost-efficient, and human-relevant test systems than current in vivo guideline studies. Under the umbrella of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a guidance document is currently being prepared that instructs on the regulatory use of a DNT in vitro battery (DNT IVB) for fit-for-purpose applications. One crucial issue for OECD application of methods is validation, which for new approach methods (NAMs) requires novel approaches. Here, mechanistic information previously identified in vivo, as well as reported neurodevelopmental adversities in response to disturbances on the cellular and tissue level, are of central importance. In this study, we scientifically validate the Neurosphere Assay, which is based on human primary neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and an integral part of the DNT IVB. It assesses neurodevelopmental key events (KEs) like NPC proliferation (NPC1ab), radial glia cell migration (NPC2a), neuronal differentiation (NPC3), neurite outgrowth (NPC4), oligodendrocyte differentiation (NPC5), and thyroid hormone-dependent oligodendrocyte maturation (NPC6). In addition, we extend our work from the hNPCs to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NPCs (hiNPCs) for the NPC proliferation (iNPC1ab) and radial glia assays (iNPC2a). The validation process we report for the endpoints studied with the Neurosphere Assays is based on 1) describing the relevance of the respective endpoints for brain development, 2) the confirmation of the cell type-specific morphologies observed in vitro, 3) expressions of cell type-specific markers consistent with those morphologies, 4) appropriate anticipated responses to physiological pertinent signaling stimuli and 5) alterations in specific in vitro endpoints upon challenges with confirmed DNT compounds. With these strong mechanistic underpinnings, we posit that the Neurosphere Assay as an integral part of the DNT in vitro screening battery is well poised for DNT evaluation for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Koch
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Bartmann
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Hartmann
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Kapr
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jördis Klose
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Eliška Kuchovská
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Pahl
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kevin Schlüppmann
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Etta Zühr
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ellen Fritsche,
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Looking at Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing from the Perspective of an Invertebrate Embryo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031871. [PMID: 35163796 PMCID: PMC8836978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of chemical compounds disrupts the formation of a normal brain. There is impressive progress in the development of alternative testing methods for DNT potential in chemicals, some of which also incorporate invertebrate animals. This review briefly touches upon studies on the genetically tractable model organisms of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster about the action of specific developmental neurotoxicants. The formation of a functional nervous system requires precisely timed axonal pathfinding to the correct cellular targets. To address this complex key event, our lab developed an alternative assay using a serum-free culture of intact locust embryos. The first neural pathways in the leg of embryonic locusts are established by a pair of afferent pioneer neurons which use guidance cues from membrane-bound and diffusible semaphorin proteins. In a systematic approach according to recommendations for alternative testing, the embryo assay quantifies defects in pioneer navigation after exposure to a panel of recognized test compounds for DNT. The outcome indicates a high predictability for test-compound classification. Since the pyramidal neurons of the mammalian cortex also use a semaphorin gradient for neurite guidance, the assay is based on evolutionary conserved cellular mechanisms, supporting its relevance for cortical development.
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Schmitz A, Dempewolf S, Tan S, Bicker G, Stern M. Developmental Neurotoxicity of Fipronil and Rotenone on a Human Neuronal In Vitro Test System. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1189-1202. [PMID: 33871813 PMCID: PMC8275550 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure during in utero and early postnatal development can cause a wide range of neurological defects. However, relatively few insecticides have been recognized as developmental neurotoxicants, so far. Recently, discovery of the insecticide, fipronil, in chicken eggs has raised public concern. The status of fipronil as a potential developmental neurotoxicant is still under debate. Whereas several in vivo and in vitro studies suggest specific toxicity, other in vitro studies could not confirm this concern. Here, we tested fipronil and its main metabolic product, fipronil sulfone both at concentrations between 1.98 and 62.5 µM, alongside with the established developmental neurotoxicant, rotenone (0.004-10 µM) in vitro on the human neuronal precursor cell line NT2. We found that rotenone impaired all three tested DNT endpoints, neurite outgrowth, neuronal differentiation, and precursor cell migration in a dose-dependent manner and clearly separable from general cytotoxicity in the nanomolar range. Fipronil and fipronil sulfone specifically inhibited cell migration and neuronal differentiation, but not neurite outgrowth in the micromolar range. The rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 counteracted inhibition of migration for all three compounds (EC50 between 12 and 50 µM). The antioxidant, n-acetyl cysteine, could ameliorate the inhibitory effects of fipronil on all three tested endpoints (EC 50 between 84 and 164 µM), indicating the involvement of oxidative stress. Fipronil sulfone had a stronger effect than fipronil, confirming the importance to test metabolic products alongside original pesticides. We conclude that in vitro fipronil and fipronil sulfone display specific developmental neurotoxicity on developing human model neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schmitz
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Dempewolf
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Saime Tan
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Bicker
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Stern
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
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A locust embryo as predictive developmental neurotoxicity testing system for pioneer axon pathway formation. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:4099-4113. [PMID: 33079231 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals during in utero and early postnatal development can cause a wide range of neurological defects. Since current guidelines for identifying developmental neurotoxic chemicals depend on the use of large numbers of rodents in animal experiments, it has been proposed to design rapid and cost-efficient in vitro screening test batteries that are mainly based on mixed neuronal/glial cultures. However, cell culture tests do not assay correct wiring of neuronal circuits. The establishment of precise anatomical connectivity is a key event in the development of a functional brain. Here, we expose intact embryos of the locust (Locusta migratoria) in serum-free culture to test chemicals and visualize correct navigation of identified pioneer axons by fluorescence microscopy. We define separate toxicological endpoints for axonal elongation and navigation along a stereotyped pathway. To distinguish developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) from general toxicity, we quantify defects in axonal elongation and navigation in concentration-response curves and compare it to the biochemically determined viability of the embryo. The investigation of a panel of recognized DNT-positive and -negative test compounds supports a rather high predictability of this invertebrate embryo assay. Similar to the semaphorin-mediated guidance of neurites in mammalian cortex, correct axonal navigation of the locust pioneer axons relies on steering cues from members of this family of cell recognition molecules. Due to the evolutionary conserved mechanisms of neurite guidance, we suggest that our pioneer axon paradigm might provide mechanistically relevant information on the DNT potential of chemical agents on the processes of axon elongation, navigation, and fasciculation.
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Santos AI, Lourenço AS, Simão S, Marques da Silva D, Santos DF, Onofre de Carvalho AP, Pereira AC, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, Ramos E, Morato E, Marina A, Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM. Identification of new targets of S-nitrosylation in neural stem cells by thiol redox proteomics. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101457. [PMID: 32088623 PMCID: PMC7038503 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is well established as a regulator of neurogenesis. NO increases the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC), and is essential for hippocampal injury-induced neurogenesis following an excitotoxic lesion. One of the mechanisms underlying non-classical NO cell signaling is protein S-nitrosylation. This post-translational modification consists in the formation of a nitrosothiol group (R-SNO) in cysteine residues, which can promote formation of other oxidative modifications in those cysteine residues. S-nitrosylation can regulate many physiological processes, including neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis. In this work, we aimed to identify S-nitrosylation targets of NO that could participate in neurogenesis. In NSC, we identified a group of proteins oxidatively modified using complementary techniques of thiol redox proteomics. S-nitrosylation of some of these proteins was confirmed and validated in a seizure mouse model of hippocampal injury and in cultured hippocampal stem cells. The identified S-nitrosylated proteins are involved in the ERK/MAPK pathway and may be important targets of NO to enhance the proliferation of NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Santos
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-527, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Lourenço
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-527, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Simão
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Dorinda Marques da Silva
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Filipa Santos
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Catarina Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Alicia Izquierdo-Álvarez
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ramos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Morato
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Marina
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28009, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.
| | - Inês Maria Araújo
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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7
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Wang B, Huang C, Chen L, Xu D, Zheng G, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhang X. The Emerging Roles of the Gaseous Signaling Molecules NO, H2S, and CO in the Regulation of Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:798-812. [PMID: 33464852 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chongan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Daoliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Santos AI, Carreira BP, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, Ramos E, Lourenço AS, Filipa Santos D, Morte MI, Ribeiro LF, Marreiros A, Sánchez-López N, Marina A, Carvalho CM, Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM. S-Nitrosylation of Ras Mediates Nitric Oxide-Dependent Post-Injury Neurogenesis in a Seizure Model. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018. [PMID: 28648093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the upregulation of endogenous neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and in the hippocampus after injury. One of the main neurogenic pathways activated by NO is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor. However, the mechanism by which NO stimulates cell proliferation through activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway remains unknown, although p21Ras seems to be one of the earliest targets of NO. Here, we aimed at studying the possible neurogenic action of NO by post-translational modification of p21Ras as a relevant target for early neurogenic events promoted by NO in neural stem cells (NSCs). RESULTS We show that NO caused S-nitrosylation (SNO) of p21Ras in Cys118, which triggered downstream activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway and proliferation of NSC. Moreover, in cells overexpressing a mutant Ras in which Cys118 was replaced by a serine-C118S-, cells were insensitive to NO, and no increase in SNO, in ERK phosphorylation, or in cell proliferation was observed. We also show that, after seizures, in the presence of NO derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase, there was an increase in p21Ras cysteine modification that was concomitant with the previously described stimulation of proliferation in the dentate gyrus. INNOVATION Our work identifies p21Ras and its SNO as an early target of NO during signaling events that lead to NSC proliferation and neurogenesis. CONCLUSION Our data highlight Ras SNO as an early event leading to NSC proliferation, and they may provide a target for NO-induced stimulation of neurogenesis with implications for brain repair. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 15-30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Santos
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Alicia Izquierdo-Álvarez
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ramos
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sofia Lourenço
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Filipa Santos
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Morte
- 3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Ribeiro
- 5 VIB Center for the Biology of Disease , Leuven, Belgium .,6 KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Marreiros
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuria Sánchez-López
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,7 Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Marina
- 7 Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,8 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Inês Maria Araújo
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal .,9 Algarve Biomedical Centre , Faro, Portugal
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9
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Nitric oxide promotes epidermal stem cell migration via cGMP-Rho GTPase signalling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30687. [PMID: 27469024 PMCID: PMC4965828 DOI: 10.1038/srep30687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration and reepithelization of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) are the most critical processes in wound healing. The gaseous messenger nitric oxide (NO) has multiple biological effects, but its actions on ESCs are poorly understood. In this study, an NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), was found to facilitate the in vitro migration of human ESCs (huESCs) in both live-imaging and scratch models. In addition, pull-down assays demonstrated that SNAP could activate the small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 of the Rho family, but not Cdc42. Moreover, the effects of SNAP on the migration and F-actin polymerization of ESCs could be blocked by inhibitors of cGMP, PKG, RhoA or Rac1, and by a specific siRNA of RhoA or Rac1, but not by a Cdc42 inhibitor or siRNA. Furthermore, the roles of NO in ESC migration via cGMP-Rho GTPase signalling in vivo were confirmed by tracing 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labelled cells in a superficial, partial-thickness scald mouse model. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the NO donor SNAP could promote huESC migration in vitro. Furthermore, NO was found to induce ESC migration via cGMP-Rho GTPase RhoA and Rac1 signalling, but not Cdc42 signalling, both in vivo and in vitro.
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10
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Aschner M, Ceccatelli S, Daneshian M, Fritsche E, Hasiwa N, Hartung T, Hogberg HT, Leist M, Li A, Mundi WR, Padilla S, Piersma AH, Bal-Price A, Seiler A, Westerink RH, Zimmer B, Lein PJ. Reference compounds for alternative test methods to indicate developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) potential of chemicals: example lists and criteria for their selection and use. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2016; 34:49-74. [PMID: 27452664 PMCID: PMC5250586 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1604201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of information concerning the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) hazard posed by industrial and environmental chemicals. New testing approaches will most likely be based on batteries of alternative and complementary (non-animal) tests. As DNT is assumed to result from the modulation of fundamental neurodevelopmental processes (such as neuronal differentiation, precursor cell migration or neuronal network formation) by chemicals, the first generation of alternative DNT tests target these processes. The advantage of such types of assays is that they capture toxicants with multiple targets and modes-of-action. Moreover, the processes modelled by the assays can be linked to toxicity endophenotypes, i.e. alterations in neural connectivity that form the basis for neurofunctional deficits in man. The authors of this review convened in a workshop to define criteria for the selection of positive/negative controls, to prepare recommendations on their use, and to initiate the setup of a directory of reference chemicals. For initial technical optimization of tests, a set of >50 endpoint-specific control compounds was identified. For further test development, an additional “test” set of 33 chemicals considered to act directly as bona fide DNT toxicants is proposed, and each chemical is annotated to the extent it fulfills these criteria. A tabular compilation of the original literature used to select the test set chemicals provides information on statistical procedures, and toxic/non-toxic doses (both for pups and dams). Suggestions are provided on how to use the >100 compounds (including negative controls) compiled here to address specificity, adversity and use of alternative test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mardas Daneshian
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing-Europe (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Hasiwa
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing-Europe (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing-Europe (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, Germany.,Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helena T Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcel Leist
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing-Europe (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, Germany.,In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation at the University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), Konstanz University
| | - Abby Li
- Exponent Inc.,San Francisco, USA
| | - William R Mundi
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Padilla
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Seiler
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Remco H Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pamela J Lein
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, USA
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11
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Baek ST, Copeland B, Yun EJ, Kwon SK, Guemez-Gamboa A, Schaffer AE, Kim S, Kang HC, Song S, Mathern GW, Gleeson JG. An AKT3-FOXG1-reelin network underlies defective migration in human focal malformations of cortical development. Nat Med 2015; 21:1445-54. [PMID: 26523971 PMCID: PMC4955611 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Focal malformations of cortical development (FMCDs) account for the majority of drug-resistant pediatric epilepsy. Postzygotic somatic mutations activating the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are found in a wide range of brain diseases, including FMCDs. It remains unclear how a mutation in a small fraction of cells disrupts the architecture of the entire hemisphere. Within human FMCD-affected brain, we found that cells showing activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway were enriched for the AKT3(E17K) mutation. Introducing the FMCD-causing mutation into mouse brain resulted in electrographic seizures and impaired hemispheric architecture. Mutation-expressing neural progenitors showed misexpression of reelin, which led to a non-cell autonomous migration defect in neighboring cells, due at least in part to derepression of reelin transcription in a manner dependent on the forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor FOXG1. Treatments aimed at either blocking downstream AKT signaling or inactivating reelin restored migration. These findings suggest a central AKT-FOXG1-reelin signaling pathway in FMCD and support pathway inhibitors as potential treatments or therapies for some forms of focal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Tae Baek
- Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brett Copeland
- Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eun-Jin Yun
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alicia Guemez-Gamboa
- Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashleigh E Schaffer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon-Chul Kang
- Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Epilepsy Clinics, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Epilepsy Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saera Song
- Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gary W Mathern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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12
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Zhu K, Sun Y, Miu A, Yen M, Liu B, Zeng Q, Mogilner A, Zhao M. cAMP and cGMP Play an Essential Role in Galvanotaxis of Cell Fragments. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1291-300. [PMID: 26517849 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell fragments devoid of the nucleus and major organelles are found in physiology and pathology, for example platelets derived from megakaryocytes, and cell fragments from white blood cells and glioma cells. Platelets exhibit active chemotaxis. Fragments from white blood cells display chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bactericidal functions. Signaling mechanisms underlying migration of cell fragments are poorly understood. Here we used fish keratocyte fragments and demonstrated striking differences in signal transduction in migration of cell fragments and parental cells in a weak electric field. cAMP or cGMP agonists completely abolished directional migration of fragments, but had no effect on parental cells. The inhibition effects were prevented by pre-incubating with cAMP and cGMP antagonists. Blocking cAMP and cGMP downstream signaling by inhibition of PKA and PKG also recovered fragment galvanotaxis. Both perturbations confirmed that the inhibitory effect was mediated by cAMP or cGMP signaling. Inhibition of cathode signaling with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 also prevented the effects of cAMP or cGMP agonists. Our results suggest that cAMP and cGMP are essential for galvanotaxis of cell fragments, in contrast to the signaling mechanisms in parental cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhu
- Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.,Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaohui Sun
- Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Anh Miu
- Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Michael Yen
- Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Bowei Liu
- Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Qunli Zeng
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Min Zhao
- Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
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13
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Arab HA, Muhammadnejad S, Faghihi SM, Hassanpour H, Muhammadnejad A. Effects of nitric oxide modulating activities on development of enteric nervous system mediated gut motility in chick embryo model. J Biosci 2015; 39:835-48. [PMID: 25431412 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) arises from the enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs), and many molecules and biochemical processes may be involved in its development. This study examined the effects of modulating embryonic nitric oxide (NO) activity on the intestinal motility induced by ENS. One-hundred-and-twenty fertilized chicken eggs were assigned to three main groups and incubated at 37 degrees Centigrade and 60 percent humidity. The eggs were treated with NG-nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), L-arginine (L-Arg) or vehicle from days 3 (1st group), 7 (2nd group) and 10 (3rd group) of incubation and continued up to day 18. On day 19, the embryos were sacrificed, the jejunal and colorectal segments were taken and the intestinal motility was assessed using isolated organ system. The intestinal motility was recorded normally and following cholinergic, adrenergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) stimulations. The ENS structure was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Rhythmic intestinal contractions were seen in all treatment groups, but inhibition of NO in the LNAME- treated embryos caused significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in the frequency and amplitude of the contraction. The responsiveness to adrenergic, cholinergic and NANC stimulations was also significantly decreased (p less than 0.05). The GFAP expression was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced in the L-NAME-treated embryos. This study showed that the inhibition of NO caused a deficient development of the ENS, leading to a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of the intestinal contractions and reduced the responsiveness to adrenergic, cholinergic and NANC signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein-Ali Arab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
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14
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Baumann J, Dach K, Barenys M, Giersiefer S, Goniwiecha J, Lein PJ, Fritsche E. Application of the Neurosphere Assay for DNT Hazard Assessment: Challenges and Limitations. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7653_2015_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Scheiblich H, Bicker G. Regulation of microglial migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth by HO-1/CO signaling. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:854-76. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Scheiblich
- Division of Cell Biology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Gerd Bicker
- Division of Cell Biology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover; Hannover Germany
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16
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Santos AI, Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM. S-nitrosation and neuronal plasticity. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:1468-78. [PMID: 24962517 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has long been recognized as a multifaceted participant in brain physiology. Despite the knowledge that was gathered over many years regarding the contribution of NO to neuronal plasticity, for example the ability of the brain to change in response to new stimuli, only in recent years have we begun to understand how NO acts on the molecular and cellular level to orchestrate such important phenomena as synaptic plasticity (modification of the strength of existing synapses) or the formation of new synapses (synaptogenesis) and new neurons (neurogenesis). Post-translational modification of proteins by NO derivatives or reactive nitrogen species is a non-classical mechanism for signalling by NO. S-nitrosation is a reversible post-translational modification of thiol groups (mainly on cysteines) that may result in a change of function of the modified protein. S-nitrosation of key target proteins has emerged as a main regulatory mechanism by which NO can influence several levels of brain plasticity, which are reviewed in this work. Understanding how S-nitrosation contributes to neural plasticity can help us to better understand the physiology of these processes, and to better address pathological changes in plasticity that are involved in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Santos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Scheiblich H, Roloff F, Singh V, Stangel M, Stern M, Bicker G. Nitric oxide/cyclic GMP signaling regulates motility of a microglial cell line and primary microglia in vitro. Brain Res 2014; 1564:9-21. [PMID: 24713349 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain, which become rapidly activated and migrate to the site of insult in brain infection and disease. Activated microglia generate large amounts of the highly reactive messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO). NO is able to raise cyclic GMP levels via binding to soluble guanylyl cyclase. We investigated potential mechanistic links between inflammation, NO signaling, and microglial migration. To monitor cell migration, we used a scratch wound assay and compared results obtained in the BV-2 microglial line to primary microglia. Incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as stimulator of acute inflammatory processes enhanced migration of both microglial cell types. LPS activated NO production in BV-2 cells and application of an NO donor increased BV-2 cell migration while an NO scavenger reduced motility. Pharmacological inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase and the resulting decrease in motility can be rescued by a membrane permeant analog of cGMP. Despite differences in the threshold towards stimulation with the chemical agents, both BV-2 cells and primary microglia react in a similar way. The important role of NO/cGMP as positive regulator of microglial migration, the downstream targets of the signaling cascade, and resulting cytoskeletal changes can be conveniently investigated in a microglial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Scheiblich
- Division of Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Frank Roloff
- Division of Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Michael Stern
- Division of Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Gerd Bicker
- Division of Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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18
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BDE-47 and 6-OH-BDE-47 modulate calcium homeostasis in primary fetal human neural progenitor cells via ryanodine receptor-independent mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1537-48. [PMID: 24599297 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are bioaccumulating flame retardants found in rising concentrations in human tissue. Epidemiological and animal studies have raised concern for their potential to induce developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Considering the essential role of calcium homeostasis in neurodevelopment, PBDE-induced disturbance of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) may underlie PBDE-induced DNT. To test this hypothesis, we investigated acute effects of BDE-47 and 6-OH-BDE-47 on [Ca(2+)]i in human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and unraveled involved signaling pathways. Short-time differentiated hNPCs were exposed to BDE-47, 6-OH-BDE-47, and multiple inhibitors/stimulators of presumably involved signaling pathways to determine possible effects on [Ca(2+)]i by single-cell microscopy with the fluorescent dye Fura-2. Initial characterization of calcium signaling pathways confirmed the early developmental stage of hNPCs. In these cells, BDE-47 (2 μM) and 6-OH-BDE-47 (0.2 μM) induce [Ca(2+)]i transients. This increase in [Ca(2+)]i is due to extracellular Ca(2+) influx and intracellular release of Ca(2+), mainly from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While extracellular Ca(2+) seems to enter the cytoplasm upon 6-OH-BDE-47 by interfering with the cell membrane and independent of Ca(2+) ion channels, ER-derived Ca(2+) is released following activation of protein lipase C and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, but independently of ryanodine receptors. These findings illustrate that immature developing hNPCs respond to low concentrations of 6-OH-BDE-47 by an increase in [Ca(2+)]i and provide new mechanistic explanations for such BDE-induced calcium disruption. Thus, these data support the possibility of a critical window of PBDE exposure, i.e., early human brain development, which has to be acknowledged in risk assessment.
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19
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Cutini PH, Campelo AE, Massheimer VL. Differential regulation of endothelium behavior by progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:179-93. [PMID: 24301615 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a synthetic progestin commonly used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The aim of this research was to study and compare the effect of progesterone (Pg) and MPA on the regulation of cellular events associated with vascular homeostasis and disease. Platelet adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs), nitric oxide (NO) production, and cell migration were studied using murine ECs in vitro exposed to the progestins. After 7 min of treatment, MPA significantly inhibited NO synthesis with respect to control values; meanwhile, Pg markedly increased vasoactive production. In senile ECs, the stimulatory action of Pg decreases; meanwhile, MPA maintained its ability to inhibit NO synthesis. The presence of RU486 antagonized the action of each steroid. When ECs were preincubated with PD98059 (MAPK inhibitor) or chelerythrine (protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor) before Pg or MPA treatment, the former totally suppressed the steroid action, but the PKC antagonist did not affect NO production. In the presence of a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), a partial reduction in Pg effect and a reversal of MPA action were detected. Using indomethacin, the contribution of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway was also detected. On platelet adhesion assays, Pg inhibited and MPA stimulated platelet adhesion to ECs. Under inflammatory conditions, Pg prevented platelet adhesion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS); meanwhile, MPA potentiated the stimulatory action of LPS. Finally, although both steroids enhanced migration of ECs, MPA exhibited a greater effect. In conclusion, the data presented in this research provide evidence of a differential regulation of vascular function by Pg and MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo H Cutini
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Human Stem/Progenitor Cell-Based Assays for Neurodevelopmental Toxicity Testing. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0521-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Roloff F, Ziege S, Baumgärtner W, Wewetzer K, Bicker G. Schwann cell-free adult canine olfactory ensheathing cell preparations from olfactory bulb and mucosa display differential migratory and neurite growth-promoting properties in vitro. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:141. [PMID: 24219805 PMCID: PMC3840578 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) and Schwann cells (SC) is a promising therapeutic strategy to promote axonal growth and remyelination after spinal cord injury. Previous studies mainly focused on the rat model though results from primate and porcine models differed from those in the rat model. Interestingly, canine OECs show primate-like in vitro characteristics, such as absence of early senescence and abundance of stable p75NTR expression indicating that this species represents a valuable translational species for further studies. So far, few investigations have tested different glial cell types within the same study under identical conditions. This makes it very difficult to evaluate contradictory or confirmatory findings reported in various studies. Moreover, potential contamination of OEC preparations with Schwann cells was difficult to exclude. Thus, it remains rather controversial whether the different glial types display distinct cellular properties. Results Here, we established cultures of Schwann cell-free OECs from olfactory bulb (OB-OECs) and mucosa (OM-OECs) and compared them in assays to Schwann cells. These glial cultures were obtained from a canine large animal model and used for monitoring migration, phagocytosis and the effects on in vitro neurite growth. OB-OECs and Schwann cells migrated faster than OM-OECs in a scratch wound assay. Glial cell migration was not modulated by cGMP and cAMP signaling, but activating protein kinase C enhanced motility. All three glial cell types displayed phagocytic activity in a microbead assay. In co-cultures with of human model (NT2) neurons neurite growth was maximal on OB-OECs. Conclusions These data provide evidence that OB- and OM-OECs display distinct migratory behavior and interaction with neurites. OB-OECs migrate faster and enhance neurite growth of human model neurons better than Schwann cells, suggesting distinct and inherent properties of these closely-related cell types. Future studies will have to address whether, and how, these cellular properties correlate with the in vivo behavior after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gerd Bicker
- Division of Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
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22
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Stern M, Gierse A, Tan S, Bicker G. Human Ntera2 cells as a predictive in vitro test system for developmental neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:127-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Developmental stage dependent neural stem cells sensitivity to methylmercury chloride on different biofunctional surfaces. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 28:76-87. [PMID: 23872426 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity of neural stem cells viability, proliferation and differentiation upon exposure to methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl) was investigated on different types of biofunctional surfaces. Patterns of biodomains created by microprinting/microspotting of poly-l-lysine or extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin and vitronectin) allowed for non-specific electrostatic or specific, receptor mediated interactions, respectively, between stem cells and the surface. The neural stem cell line HUCB-NSC has been previously shown to be susceptible to MeHgCl in developmentally dependent manner. Here we demonstrated that developmental sensitivity of HUCB-NSC to MeHgCl depends upon the type of adhesive biomolecules and the geometry of biodomains. Proliferation of HUCB-NSC was diminished in time and MeHgCl concentration dependent manner. In addition, the response to MeHgCl was found to be cell-type dependent. Undifferentiated cells were the most sensitive independently of the type of bioactive domain. Significant decrease of GFAP+ cells was detected among cells growing on poly-l-lysine, while on fibronectin and vitronectin, this effect was observed only in the highest (1μM) concentration of MeHgCl. β-Tubulin III expressing cells were most sensitive on fibronectin domains. In addition, limited bioactive domains to μm in size, as compared to non-patterned larger area of the same adhesive substrate, exerted protective role. Thus, the surface area and type of cell/biofunctional surface interaction exerted significant influence on developmental stage and cell-type specific response of HUCB-NSC to MeHgCl.
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Zhang RL, Zhang ZG, Chopp M. Targeting nitric oxide in the subacute restorative treatment of ischemic stroke. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:843-51. [PMID: 23597052 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.793672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke remains the leading cause of adult disability. Thus, it is imperative to develop restorative therapies for ischemic stroke designed specifically to treat the intact brain tissue to stimulate functional benefit. Therapies targeting amplification of brain repair processes with nitric oxide (NO) donors and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in preclinical studies are emerging and showing improvement of functional recovery after stroke. AREAS COVERED This review will mainly cover the effect of NO donors, which produce NO, and PDE5 inhibitors, which elevate cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), on neural restorative events in ischemic brain and highlight mechanisms underlying their restorative therapeutic activity. EXPERT OPINION During stroke recovery, interwoven restorative events occur in ischemic brain, which include angiogenesis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, astrogliosis and neurite outgrowth. Emerging preclinical data indicate that restorative therapies targeting multiple parenchymal cells including neural stem cells, cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons would be more effective than agents with a single cell target. Preclinical data suggest that elevated cGMP levels induced by NO donors and PDE5 inhibitors act on cerebral endothelial cells, neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to enhance stroke-induced angiogenesis, neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis, respectively. These interacting remodeling events collectively improve neurological function after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lan Zhang
- Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Neurology, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Chen C, Wang Y, Goh SSL, Yang J, Lam DH, Choudhury Y, Tay FC, Du S, Tan WK, Purwanti YI, Fan W, Wang S. Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity promotes migration of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells toward cancer cells. J Neurochem 2013; 126:318-30. [PMID: 23406356 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The breakthrough in derivation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provides an approach that may help overcome ethical and allergenic challenges posed in numerous medical applications involving human cells, including neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs). Considering the great potential of NSCs in targeted cancer gene therapy, we investigated in this study the tumor tropism of hiPSC-derived NSCs and attempted to enhance the tropism by manipulation of biological activities of proteins that are involved in regulating the migration of NSCs toward cancer cells. We first demonstrated that hiPSC-NSCs displayed tropism for both glioblastoma cells and breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We then compared gene expression profiles between migratory and non-migratory hiPSC-NSCs toward these cancer cells and observed that the gene encoding neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was down-regulated in migratory hiPSC-NSCs. Using nNOS inhibitors and nNOS siRNAs, we demonstrated that this protein is a relevant regulator in controlling migration of hiPSC-NSCs toward cancer cells, and that inhibition of its activity or down-regulation of its expression can sensitize poorly migratory NSCs and be used to improve their tumor tropism. These findings suggest a novel application of nNOS inhibitors in neural stem cell-mediated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Contestabile A, Monti B, Polazzi E. Neuronal-glial Interactions Define the Role of Nitric Oxide in Neural Functional Processes. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 10:303-10. [PMID: 23730254 PMCID: PMC3520040 DOI: 10.2174/157015912804143522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile cellular messenger performing a variety of physiologic and pathologic actions in most tissues. It is particularly important in the nervous system, where it is involved in multiple functions, as well as in neuropathology, when produced in excess. Several of these functions are based on interactions between NO produced by neurons and NO produced by glial cells, mainly astrocytes and microglia. The present paper briefly reviews some of these interactions, in particular those involved in metabolic regulation, control of cerebral blood flow, axonogenesis, synaptic function and neurogenesis. Aim of the paper is mainly to underline the physiologic aspects of these interactions rather than the pathologic ones.
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Regulation of injury-induced neurogenesis by nitric oxide. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:895659. [PMID: 22997523 PMCID: PMC3444935 DOI: 10.1155/2012/895659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The finding that neural stem cells (NSCs) are able to divide, migrate, and differentiate into several cellular types in the adult brain raised a new hope for restorative neurology. Nitric oxide (NO), a pleiotropic signaling molecule in the central nervous system (CNS), has been described to be able to modulate neurogenesis, acting as a pro- or antineurogenic agent. Some authors suggest that NO is a physiological inhibitor of neurogenesis, while others described NO to favor neurogenesis, particularly under inflammatory conditions. Thus, targeting the NO system may be a powerful strategy to control the formation of new neurons. However, the exact mechanisms by which NO regulates neural proliferation and differentiation are not yet completely clarified. In this paper we will discuss the potential interest of the modulation of the NO system for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or other pathological conditions that may affect the CNS.
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Tegenge MA, Roloff F, Bicker G. Rapid differentiation of human embryonal carcinoma stem cells (NT2) into neurons for neurite outgrowth analysis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:635-43. [PMID: 21331625 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human neurons derived from stem cells can be employed as in vitro models to predict the potential of neurochemicals affecting neurodevelopmental cellular processes including proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Here, we developed a model of differentiating human neurons from well characterized human embryonal carcinoma stem cells (NT2). NT2 cells were induced to differentiate into neuronal phenotypes after 2 weeks of treatment with retinoic acid in aggregate culture. Nestin positive progenitor cells migrate out of NT2 aggregates and differentiate into βIII-tubulin expressing neuronal cells. Culturing the NT2 cells for an additional 7-14 days resulted in increased percentage of βIII-tubulin expressing cells, elaborating a long neurite that positively stained for axonal marker (Tau) and presynaptic protein (synapsin). We then asked whether neurite outgrowth from NT2 cells is modulated by bioactive chemicals. Since the cAMP/PKA pathway has been widely investigated as a regulator of neurite outgrowth/regeneration in several experimental systems, we used chemical activators and inhibitors of cAMP/PKA pathway in the culture. The adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, and cell-permeable analog of cAMP, 8-Br-cAMP increased the percentage of neurite bearing cells and neurite extension. Application of the protein kinase A inhibitors, H-89 and Rp-cAMP, blocked neurite formation. Taken together, NT2 aggregates undergo migration, differentiation, and neurite elaboration and can be used as a model of differentiating human neurons to screen neurochemicals and to understand cellular mechanisms of human nerve cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Million Adane Tegenge
- Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
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