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Cordaro A, Barreca MM, Zichittella C, Loria M, Anello D, Arena G, Sciaraffa N, Coronnello C, Pizzolanti G, Alessandro R, Conigliaro A. Regulatory role of lncH19 in RAC1 alternative splicing: implication for RAC1B expression in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:217. [PMID: 39098911 PMCID: PMC11299361 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant alternative splicing events play a critical role in cancer biology, contributing to tumor invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance. Recent studies have shown that alternative splicing is a key feature for transcriptomic variations in colorectal cancer, which ranks third among malignant tumors worldwide in both incidence and mortality. Long non-coding RNAs can modulate this process by acting as trans-regulatory agents, recruiting splicing factors, or driving them to specific targeted genes. LncH19 is a lncRNA dis-regulated in several tumor types and, in colorectal cancer, it plays a critical role in tumor onset, progression, and metastasis. In this paper, we found, that in colorectal cancer cells, the long non-coding RNA H19 can bind immature RNAs and splicing factors as hnRNPM and RBFOX2. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified 57 transcripts associated with lncH19 and containing binding sites for both splicing factors, hnRNPM, and RBFOX2. Among these transcripts, we identified the mRNA of the GTPase-RAC1, whose alternatively spliced isoform, RAC1B, has been ascribed several roles in the malignant transformation. We confirmed, in vitro, the binding of the splicing factors to both the transcripts RAC1 and lncH19. Loss and gain of expression experiments in two colorectal cancer cell lines (SW620 and HCT116) demonstrated that lncH19 is required for RAC1B expression and, through RAC1B, it induces c-Myc and Cyclin-D increase. In vivo, investigation from biopsies of colorectal cancer patients showed higher levels of all the explored genes (lncH19, RAC1B, c-Myc and Cyclin-D) concerning the healthy counterpart, thus supporting our in vitro model. In addition, we identified a positive correlation between lncH19 and RAC1B in colorectal cancer patients. Finally, we demonstrated that lncH19, as a shuttle, drives the splicing factors RBFOX2 and hnRNPM to RAC1 allowing exon retention and RAC1B expression. The data shown in this paper represent the first evidence of a new mechanism of action by which lncH19 carries out its functions as an oncogene by prompting colorectal cancer through the modulation of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Cordaro
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Zichittella
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Loria
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Denise Anello
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Goffredo Arena
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio di Cefalù, Cefalù, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
- AteN Center-Advanced Technologies Network Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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2
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Rosemann J, Pyko J, Jacob R, Macho J, Kappler M, Eckert AW, Haemmerle M, Gutschner T. NANOS1 restricts oral cancer cell motility and TGF-ß signaling. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151400. [PMID: 38401491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent type of cancer of the head and neck area accounting for approx. 377,000 new cancer cases every year. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program plays an important role in OSCC progression and metastasis therefore contributing to a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) is a powerful inducer of EMT thereby increasing cancer cell aggressiveness. Here, we aimed at identifying RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that affect TGF-ß-induced EMT. To this end we treated oral cancer cells with TGF-ß and identified a total of 643 significantly deregulated protein-coding genes in response to TGF-ß. Of note, 19 genes encoded RBPs with NANOS1 being the most downregulated RBP. Subsequent cellular studies demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect of NANOS1 on migration and invasion of SAS oral cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed an interaction of NANOS1 with the TGF-ß receptor 1 (TGFBR1) mRNA, leading to increased decay of this transcript and a reduced TGFBR1 protein expression, thereby preventing downstream TGF-ß/SMAD signaling. In summary, we identified NANOS1 as negative regulator of TGF-ß signaling in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rosemann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Jonas Pyko
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Roland Jacob
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Jana Macho
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Alexander W Eckert
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg 90471, Germany
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany.
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Kwon MJ. Role of epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 in cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:331. [PMID: 38110955 PMCID: PMC10729575 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As aberrant alternative splicing by either dysregulation or mutations of splicing factors contributes to cancer initiation and progression, splicing factors are emerging as potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, pharmacological modulators targeting splicing factors have been under development. Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) is an epithelial cell-specific splicing factor, whose downregulation is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating alternative splicing of multiple genes, such as CD44, CTNND1, ENAH, and FGFR2. Consistent with the downregulation of ESRP1 during EMT, it has been initially revealed that high ESRP1 expression is associated with favorable prognosis and ESRP1 plays a tumor-suppressive role in cancer progression. However, ESRP1 has been found to promote cancer progression in some cancers, such as breast and ovarian cancers, indicating that it plays a dual role in cancer progression depending on the type of cancer. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that ESRP1 affects tumor growth by regulating the metabolism of tumor cells or immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting the novel roles of ESRP1 in addition to EMT. ESRP1 expression was also associated with response to anticancer drugs. This review describes current understanding of the roles and mechanisms of ESRP1 in cancer progression, and further discusses the emerging novel roles of ESRP1 in cancer and recent attempts to target splicing factors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kwon
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Extra-Cellular Vesicles Derived from Thyroid Cancer Cells Promote the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and the Transfer of Malignant Phenotypes through Immune Mediated Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032754. [PMID: 36769076 PMCID: PMC9917007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and its incidence is increasing in many countries around the world. Among thyroid cancers, the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) histotype is particularly prevalent. A small percentage of papillary tumors is associated with metastases and aggressive behavior due to de-differentiation obtained through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by which epithelial thyroid cells acquire a fibroblast-like morphology, reduce cellular adhesion, increase motility and expression of mesenchymal proteins. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in promoting an aggressive phenotype through hypoxia and the secretion of HMGB1 and other factors. Hypoxia has been shown to drastically change the tumor cell phenotype and has been associated with increasing metastatic and migratory behavior. Cells transfer information to neighboring cells or distant locations by releasing extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) that contain key molecules, such as mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and proteins, that are able to modify protein expression in recipient cells. In this study, we investigated the potential role of EVs released by the anaplastic cancer cell line CAL-62 in inducing a malignant phenotype in a papillary cancer cell line (BCPAP).
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Li Z, Tan Y, Li X, Quan J, Bode AM, Cao Y, Luo X. DHRS2 inhibits cell growth and metastasis in ovarian cancer by downregulation of CHKα to disrupt choline metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:845. [PMID: 36192391 PMCID: PMC9530226 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily has essential roles in lipid metabolism and redox sensing. In recent years, accumulating evidence highlights the emerging association between SDR family enzymes and cancer. Dehydrogenase/reductase member 2(DHRS2) belongs to the NADH/NADPH-dependent SDR family, and extensively participates in the regulation of the proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism has not been well defined. In the present study, we have demonstrated that DHRS2 inhibits the growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer (OC) cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the combination of transcriptome and metabolome reveals an interruption of choline metabolism by DHRS2. DHRS2 post-transcriptionally downregulates choline kinase α (CHKα) to inhibit AKT signaling activation and reduce phosphorylcholine (PC)/glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) ratio, impeding choline metabolism reprogramming in OC. These actions mainly account for the tumor-suppressive role of DHRS2 in OC. Overall, our findings establish the mechanistic connection among metabolic enzymes, metabolites, and the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. This could result in further development of novel pharmacological tools against OC by the induction of DHRS2 to disrupt the choline metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China
| | - Yue Tan
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China
| | - Jing Quan
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China
| | - Ann M. Bode
- grid.17635.360000000419368657The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912 USA
| | - Ya Cao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
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Zhang W, Liu L, Zhao S, Chen L, Wei Y, Chen W, Ge F. Research progress on RNA‑binding proteins in breast cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:121. [PMID: 35261635 PMCID: PMC8867207 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, and the abnormal regulation of gene expression serves an important role in its occurrence and development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying gene expression are highly complex and heterogeneous, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are among the key regulatory factors. RBPs bind targets in an environment-dependent or environment-independent manner to influence mRNA stability and the translation of genes involved in the formation, progression, metastasis and treatment of breast cancer. Due to the growing interest in these regulators, the present review summarizes the most influential studies concerning RBPs associated with breast cancer to elucidate the role of RBPs in breast cancer and to assess how they interact with other key pathways to provide new molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shengdi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yuxian Wei
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Zhou D, Couture S, Scott MS, Abou Elela S. RBFOX2 alters splicing outcome in distinct binding modes with multiple protein partners. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:8370-8383. [PMID: 34244793 PMCID: PMC8373071 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RBFOX2 controls the splicing of a large number of transcripts implicated in cell differentiation and development. Parsing RNA-binding protein datasets, we uncover that RBFOX2 can interact with hnRNPC, hnRNPM and SRSF1 to regulate splicing of a broad range of splicing events using different sequence motifs and binding modes. Using immunoprecipitation, specific RBP knockdown, RNA-seq and splice-sensitive PCR, we show that RBFOX2 can target splice sites using three binding configurations: single, multiple or secondary modes. In the single binding mode RBFOX2 is recruited to its target splice sites through a single canonical binding motif, while in the multiple binding mode RBFOX2 binding sites include the adjacent binding of at least one other RNA binding protein partner. Finally, in the secondary binding mode RBFOX2 likely does not bind the RNA directly but is recruited to splice sites lacking its canonical binding motif through the binding of one of its protein partners. These dynamic modes bind distinct sets of transcripts at different positions and distances relative to alternative splice sites explaining the heterogeneity of RBFOX2 targets and splicing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Zhou
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Sonia Couture
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Département de biochimie et génomique fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Sherif Abou Elela
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
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8
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Integrated Analysis of the Roles of RNA Binding Proteins and Their Prognostic Value in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:5568411. [PMID: 34306592 PMCID: PMC8263288 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5568411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methods We downloaded the RNA sequencing data of ccRCC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified differently expressed RBPs in different tissues. In this study, we used bioinformatics to analyze the expression and prognostic value of RBPs; then, we performed functional analysis and constructed a protein interaction network for them. We also screened out some RBPs related to the prognosis of ccRCC. Finally, based on the identified RBPs, we constructed a prognostic model that can predict patients' risk of illness and survival time. Also, the data in the HPA database were used for verification. Results In our experiment, we obtained 539 ccRCC samples and 72 normal controls. In the subsequent analysis, 87 upregulated RBPs and 38 downregulated RBPs were obtained. In addition, 9 genes related to the prognosis of patients were selected, namely, RPL36A, THOC6, RNASE2, NOVA2, TLR3, PPARGC1A, DARS, LARS2, and U2AF1L4. We further constructed a prognostic model based on these genes and plotted the ROC curve. This ROC curve performed well in judgement and evaluation. A nomogram that can judge the patient's life span is also made. Conclusion In conclusion, we have identified differentially expressed RBPs in ccRCC and carried out a series of in-depth research studies, the results of which may provide ideas for the diagnosis of ccRCC and the research of new targeted drugs.
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De Las Rivas J, Brozovic A, Izraely S, Casas-Pais A, Witz IP, Figueroa A. Cancer drug resistance induced by EMT: novel therapeutic strategies. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2279-2297. [PMID: 34003341 PMCID: PMC8241801 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, important clinical benefits have been achieved in cancer patients by using drug-targeting strategies. Nevertheless, drug resistance is still a major problem in most cancer therapies. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) and tumour microenvironment have been described as limiting factors for effective treatment in many cancer types. Moreover, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has also been associated with therapy resistance in many different preclinical models, although limited evidence has been obtained from clinical studies and clinical samples. In this review, we particularly deepen into the mechanisms of which intermediate epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) states and its interconnection to microenvironment influence therapy resistance. We also describe how the use of bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics will help to figure out the biological impact of the EMT on drug resistance and to develop novel pharmacological approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Anamaria Brozovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sivan Izraely
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Spain.,Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Coruña, Spain
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Spain. .,Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Coruña, Spain.
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Ban Y, Tan Y, Li X, Li X, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Li G, Xiang B, Yi M. RNA-binding protein YBX1 promotes cell proliferation and invasiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via binding to AURKA mRNA. J Cancer 2021; 12:3315-3324. [PMID: 33976741 PMCID: PMC8100805 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play essential roles in post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Dysregulation of RBPs is intensively implicated in development and progression of human diseases, including cancers. However, the roles of RBPs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is a distinct subtype of head and neck cancer, remain elusive. Methods: NPC-related RBPs were explored by analyzing GEO database and high-throughput proteomic data obtained from crosslinking immunoprecipitation. The expression levels of Y box binding protein 1 (YBX1) protein in NPC samples were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The association of YBX1 protein levels with prognosis of NPC patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter. The expression levels of YBX1 in NPC cells were inhibited by RNA interference. Cell growth was measured by CCK-8 assay. Cell mobility and invasiveness were measured by transwell assays. Tumorigenicity was measured by using a xenograft tumor assay. The expression levels of mRNAs or proteins were determined by qPCR or western blot assays, respectively. The mRNAs binding to YBX1 were determined by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and qPCR. The effect of YBX1 on mRNA translation was measured by luciferase reporter assay. Results: In the present study, we demonstrated a differentially expressed RBPs profile between NPC and its normal counterpart. Among these aberrantly expressed RBPs, YBX1 was overexpressed in NPC. We found that YBX1 is mainly localized in the cytoplasm of NPC cells. Loss of YBX1 led to reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness in vitro, and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Overexpression of YBX1 associates with high expression of cell cycle G2/M checkpoint modulators. In addition, YBX1 promotes AURKA protein expression by directly binding to its mRNA. Loss of YBX1 leads to reduction of AURKA protein level. Forced expression of AURKA rescues cell proliferation and invasiveness in YBX1-silenced NPC cell. Conclusions: The current study indicated that YBX1 promotes NPC cell proliferation and invasiveness through enhancing protein synthesis of AURKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ban
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yixin Tan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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11
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Zou C, Wan Y, He L, Zheng JH, Mei Y, Shi J, Zhang M, Dong Z, Zhang D. RBM38 in cancer: role and mechanism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:117-128. [PMID: 32642788 PMCID: PMC11072576 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Abnormity in gene expression regulation characterizes the trajectory of tumor development and progression. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are widely dysregulated, and thus implicated, in numerous human cancers. RBPs mainly regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, but emerging studies suggest that many RBPs can impact transcription by acting on chromatin as transcription factors (TFs) or cofactors. Here, we review the evidence that RBM38, an intensively studied RBP, frequently plays a tumor-suppressive role in multiple human cancer types. Genetic studies in mice deficient in RBM38 on different p53 status also establish RBM38 as a tumor suppressor (TS). By uncovering a spectrum of transcripts bound by RBM38, we discuss the diversity in its mechanisms of action in distinct biological contexts. Examination of the genomic features and expression pattern of RBM38 in human tissues reveals that it is generally lost but rarely mutated, in cancers. By assessing future trends in the study of RBM38 in cancer, we signify the possibility of targeting RBM38 and its related pathways as therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zou
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ying Wan
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lingjing He
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yang Mei
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Dingxiao Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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12
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Rodríguez-Alonso A, Casas-Pais A, Roca-Lema D, Graña B, Romay G, Figueroa A. Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity by the E3 Ubiquitin-Ligases in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113093. [PMID: 33114139 PMCID: PMC7690828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) is a process by which epithelial cells acquire the ability to dynamically switch between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic cellular states. Epithelial cell plasticity in the context of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers increased cell motility, invasiveness and the ability to disseminate to distant sites and form metastasis. The modulation of molecularly defined targets involved in this process has become an attractive therapeutic strategy against cancer. Protein degradation carried out by ubiquitination has gained attention as it can selectively degrade proteins of interest. In the ubiquitination reaction, the E3 ubiquitin-ligases are responsible for the specific binding of ubiquitin to a small subset of target proteins, and are considered promising anticancer drug targets. In this review, we summarize the role of the E3 ubiquitin-ligases that control targeted protein degradation in cancer-EMT, and we highlight the potential use of the E3 ubiquitin-ligases as drug targets for the development of small-molecule drugs against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Alonso
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Daniel Roca-Lema
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Begoña Graña
- Clinical Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Gabriela Romay
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Weiße J, Rosemann J, Krauspe V, Kappler M, Eckert AW, Haemmerle M, Gutschner T. RNA-Binding Proteins as Regulators of Migration, Invasion and Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6835. [PMID: 32957697 PMCID: PMC7555251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 7.5% of all human protein-coding genes have been assigned to the class of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and over the past decade, RBPs have been increasingly recognized as important regulators of molecular and cellular homeostasis. RBPs regulate the post-transcriptional processing of their target RNAs, i.e., alternative splicing, polyadenylation, stability and turnover, localization, or translation as well as editing and chemical modification, thereby tuning gene expression programs of diverse cellular processes such as cell survival and malignant spread. Importantly, metastases are the major cause of cancer-associated deaths in general, and particularly in oral cancers, which account for 2% of the global cancer mortality. However, the roles and architecture of RBPs and RBP-controlled expression networks during the diverse steps of the metastatic cascade are only incompletely understood. In this review, we will offer a brief overview about RBPs and their general contribution to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Subsequently, we will highlight selected examples of RBPs that have been shown to play a role in oral cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Last but not least, we will present targeting strategies that have been developed to interfere with the function of some of these RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Weiße
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Julia Rosemann
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Vanessa Krauspe
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Alexander W. Eckert
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
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14
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Hakin-1, a New Specific Small-Molecule Inhibitor for the E3 Ubiquitin-Ligase Hakai, Inhibits Carcinoma Growth and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051340. [PMID: 32456234 PMCID: PMC7281109 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The requirement of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Hakai for the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of E-cadherin has been associated with enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumour progression and carcinoma metastasis. To date, most of the reported EMT-related inhibitors were not developed for anti-EMT purposes, but indirectly affect EMT. On the other hand, E3 ubiquitin-ligase enzymes have recently emerged as promising therapeutic targets, as their specific inhibition would prevent wider side effects. Given this background, a virtual screening was performed to identify novel specific inhibitors of Hakai, targeted against its phosphotyrosine-binding pocket, where phosphorylated-E-cadherin specifically binds. We selected a candidate inhibitor, Hakin-1, which showed an important effect on Hakai-induced ubiquitination. Hakin-1 also inhibited carcinoma growth and tumour progression both in vitro, in colorectal cancer cell lines, and in vivo, in a tumour xenograft mouse model, without apparent systemic toxicity in mice. Our results show for the first time that a small molecule putatively targeting the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Hakai inhibits Hakai-dependent ubiquitination of E-cadherin, having an impact on the EMT process. This represents an important step forward in a future development of an effective therapeutic drug to prevent or inhibit carcinoma tumour progression.
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15
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Mencucci MV, Lapyckyj L, Rosso M, Besso MJ, Belgorosky D, Isola M, Vanzulli S, Lodillinsky C, Eiján AM, Tejerizo JC, Gonzalez MI, Zubieta ME, Vazquez-Levin MH. Ephrin-B1 Is a Novel Biomarker of Bladder Cancer Aggressiveness. Studies in Murine Models and in Human Samples. Front Oncol 2020; 10:283. [PMID: 32292715 PMCID: PMC7119101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, but molecular changes are still under study. During tumor progression, Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression is altered and β-catenin may be translocated to the nucleus, where it acts as co-transcription factor of tumor invasion associated genes. This investigation further characterizes E-cadherin and β-catenin associated changes in BC, by combining bioinformatics, an experimental murine cell model (MB49/MB49-I) and human BC samples. In in silico studies, a DisGeNET (gene-disease associations database) analysis identified CDH1 (E-cadherin gene) as one with highest score among 130 BC related-genes. COSMIC mutation analysis revealed CDH1 low mutations rates. Compared to MB49 control BC cells, MB49-I invasive cells showed decreased E-cadherin expression, E- to P-cadherin switch, higher β-catenin nuclear signal and lower cytoplasmic p-Ser33-β-catenin signal, higher Ephrin-B1 ligand and EphB2 receptor expression, higher Phospho-Stat3 and Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (UPA), and UPA receptor expression. MB49-I cells transfected with Ephrin-B1 siRNA showed lower migratory and invasive capacity than control cells (scramble siRNA). By immunohistochemistry, orthotopic MB49-I tumors had lower E-cadherin, increased nuclear β-catenin, lower pSer33-β-catenin cytoplasmic signal, and higher Ephrin-B1 expression than MB49 tumors. Similar changes were found in human BC tumors, and 83% of infiltrating tumors depicted a high Ephrin-B1 stain. An association between higher Ephrin-B1 expression and higher stage and tumor grade was found. No association was found between abnormal E-cadherin signal, Ephrin-B1 expression or clinical-pathological parameter. This study thoroughly analyzed E-cadherin and associated changes in BC, and reports Ephrin-B1 as a new marker of tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Mencucci
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Lapyckyj
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Rosso
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Besso
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denise Belgorosky
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Isola
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Catalina Lodillinsky
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Tejerizo
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Ercilia Zubieta
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Zhang HH, Li R, Li YJ, Yu XX, Sun QN, Li AY, Kong Y. eIF4E‑related miR‑320a and miR‑340‑5p inhibit endometrial carcinoma cell metastatic capability by preventing TGF‑β1‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Oncol Rep 2019; 43:447-460. [PMID: 31894279 PMCID: PMC6967095 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common form of cancer in women. Metastasis is the main cause of EC treatment failure. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is an oncogene that is overexpressed in a variety of malignancies and their distant metastases. The present study analyzed microarray data from the Oncomine database and revealed that high eIF4E expression was associated with poor prognosis and high pathological grade of EC. The expression of eIF4E was higher in EC tissues compared with in adjacent normal tissues. In addition, microRNA (miR)-320a and miR-340-5p expression levels were downregulated in EC tissues compared with those in adjacent normal tissues, which suggested that these microRNAs may serve as EC tumor suppressor genes. miR-320a and miR-340-5p could bind to the 3′-UTR of eIF4E mRNA, thus downregulating the expression of eIF4E and phosphorylated (p)-eIF4E in EC cells. Overexpression of miR-320a or miR-340-5p effectively suppressed HEC-1A cell migration and invasion. The downregulation of eIF4E and p-eIF4E following miR-320a or miR-340-5p transfection reduced the invasiveness and metastatic capability of EC cells in a manner associated with decreased expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9. In addition, one of the effects of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), which is to induce the phosphorylation of eIF4E, was suppressed by miR-320a and miR-340-5p overexpression. These two microRNAs also attenuated the features of TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that eIF4E was upregulated in EC, whereas miR-320a and miR-340-5p were downregulated in EC compared with adjacent normal tissues. In vitro, miR-320a and miR-340-5p inhibited the migratory capability of EC cells by downregulating MMP-3 and MMP-9 and prevented TGF-β1-induced EMT through p-eIF4E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Han Zhang
- Core Laboratory Glycobiol and Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China
| | - You-Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Yu
- Core Laboratory Glycobiol and Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Nan Sun
- Core Laboratory Glycobiol and Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ao-Ying Li
- Core Laboratory Glycobiol and Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ying Kong
- Core Laboratory Glycobiol and Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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17
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RBM47-regulated alternative splicing of TJP1 promotes actin stress fiber assembly during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Oncogene 2019; 38:6521-6536. [PMID: 31358901 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Morphological and functional changes in cells during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process are known to be regulated by alternative splicing. However, only a few splicing factors involved in EMT have been reported and their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that an isoform of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) lacking exon 20 (TJP1-α-) is predominantly expressed in tumor tissues and in A549 cells during transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EMT. RBM47 promoted the inclusion of exon 20 of TJP1, the alternative exon encoding the α-domain, by which RBM47 recognizes to (U)GCAUG in the downstream intronic region of exon 20. We also found that the first RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain of RBM47 is critical in the regulation of alternative splicing and its recognition to pre-mRNA of TJP1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the TJP1-α- isoform enhances the assembly of actin stress fibers, thereby promoting cellular migration in a wound healing assay. Our results suggest the regulatory mechanism for the alternative splicing of TJP1 pre-mRNA by RBM47 during EMT, providing a basis for studies related to the modulation of EMT via alternative splicing.
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18
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Qiu Z, Nakamura S, Fujimoto K. Reversible photo-cross-linking of the GCN4 peptide containing 3-cyanovinylcarbazole amino acid to double-stranded DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6277-6283. [PMID: 31192345 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00372j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interaction analysis in vivo greatly promotes the analyses and understanding of biological functions. The interaction between DNA and peptides or proteins is very important in terms of readout and amplifying information from genomic DNA. In this study, we designed and synthesized a photo-cross-linkable amino acid, l-3-cyanovinlycarbazole amino acid (l-CNVA), to double-stranded DNA. Reversible photo-cross-linking between DNA and peptides containing CNVA, having 3-cyanovinylcarbazole moieties capable of photo-cross-linking to nucleic acids, was demonstrated. As a result, it was shown that the GCN4 peptide, containing CNVA, can be photo-cross-linked to DNA, and its adduct was photo-split into the original peptide and DNA with 312 nm-irradiation. This is the first report that reversibly manipulates photo-crosslinking between double stranded DNA and peptides. In addition, this reversible photo-cross-linking, using l-CNVA, is faster and with higher yield than that using diazirine and psoralen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Qiu
- School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. Asahidai 1-1, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
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19
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Wu WS, Jiang YX, Chang JW, Chu YH, Chiu YH, Tsao YH, Nordling TEM, Tseng YY, Tseng JT. HRPDviewer: human ribosome profiling data viewer. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2018; 2018:5052387. [PMID: 30010738 PMCID: PMC6041748 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Translational regulation plays an important role in protein synthesis. Dysregulation of translation causes abnormal cell physiology and leads to diseases such as inflammatory disorders and cancers. An emerging technique, called ribosome profiling (ribo-seq), was developed to capture a snapshot of translation. It is based on deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments. A lot of ribo-seq data have been generated in various studies, so databases are needed for depositing and visualizing the published ribo-seq data. Nowadays, GWIPS-viz, RPFdb and TranslatomeDB are the three largest databases developed for this purpose. However, two challenges remain to be addressed. First, GWIPS-viz and RPFdb databases align the published ribo-seq data to the genome. Since ribo-seq data aim to reveal the actively translated mRNA transcripts, there are advantages of aligning ribo-req data to the transcriptome over the genome. Second, TranslatomeDB does not provide any visualization and the other two databases only provide visualization of the ribo-seq data around a specific genomic location, while simultaneous visualization of the ribo-seq data on multiple mRNA transcripts produced from the same gene or different genes is desired. To address these two challenges, we developed the Human Ribosome Profiling Data viewer (HRPDviewer). HRPDviewer (i) contains 610 published human ribo-seq datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus, (ii) aligns the ribo-seq data to the transcriptome and (iii) provides visualization of the ribo-seq data on the selected mRNA transcripts. Using HRPDviewer, researchers can compare the ribosome binding patterns of multiple mRNA transcripts from the same gene or different genes to gain an accurate understanding of protein synthesis in human cells. We believe that HRPDviewer is a useful resource for researchers to study translational regulation in human. Database URL: http://cosbi4.ee.ncku.edu.tw/HRPDviewer/ or http://cosbi5.ee.ncku.edu.tw/HRPDviewer/
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xuan Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Wei Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Tsao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Torbjörn E M Nordling
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Yuan Tseng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Joseph T Tseng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
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20
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Bhargava S, Visvanathan A, Patil V, Kumar A, Kesari S, Das S, Hegde AS, Arivazhagan A, Santosh V, Somasundaram K. IGF2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) promotes glioma cell migration by enhancing the translation of RELA/p65. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40469-40485. [PMID: 28465487 PMCID: PMC5522290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffusely infiltrative nature of glioblastoma (GBM) makes them highly recurrent. IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3), a GBM upregulated RNA binding protein, promotes glioma cell migration. An integrative bioinformatics analysis identified p65 (RELA), a subunit of NF-κB heterodimer as a target and an important mediator of IMP3 promoted glioma cell migration. IMP3 increased p65 protein levels without any change in p65 transcript levels, but promoted its polysome association. RIP-PCR demonstrated the binding of IMP3 to p65 transcript. UV crosslinking experiments with in vitro transcribed RNA confirmed the specific and direct binding of IMP3 to sites on p65 3′UTR. Further, IMP3 induced luciferase activity from p65 3′UTR reporter carrying wild type sites but not mutated sites. Exogenous overexpression of p65 from a 3′UTR-less construct rescued the reduced migration of glioma cells in IMP3 silenced condition. In addition, IMP3 silencing inhibited glioma stem-like cell maintenance and migration. The exogenous overexpression of 3′UTR-less p65 significantly alleviated the inhibition of neurosphere formation observed in IMP3 silenced glioma stem-like cells. Further, we show that IMP3 is transcriptionally activated by NF-κB pathway indicating the presence of a positive feedback loop between IMP3 and p65. This study establishes p65 as a novel target of IMP3 in increasing glioma cell migration and underscores the significance of IMP3-p65 feedback loop for therapeutic targeting in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bhargava
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Abhirami Visvanathan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vikas Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology and Neurotherapeutics, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Alangar S Hegde
- Sri Satya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Arimappamagan Arivazhagan
- Departments of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Vani Santosh
- Departments of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Kumaravel Somasundaram
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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21
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Castosa R, Martinez-Iglesias O, Roca-Lema D, Casas-Pais A, Díaz-Díaz A, Iglesias P, Santamarina I, Graña B, Calvo L, Valladares-Ayerbes M, Concha Á, Figueroa A. Hakai overexpression effectively induces tumour progression and metastasis in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3466. [PMID: 29472634 PMCID: PMC5823865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21808-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At early stages of carcinoma progression, epithelial cells undergo a program named epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition characterized by the loss of the major component of the adherens junctions, E-cadherin, which in consequence causes the disruption of cell-cell contacts. Hakai is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase that binds to E-cadherin in a phosphorylated-dependent manner and induces its degradation; thus modulating cell adhesions. Here, we show that Hakai expression is gradually increased in adenoma and in different TNM stages (I-IV) from colon adenocarcinomas compared to human colon healthy tissues. Moreover, we confirm that Hakai overexpression in epithelial cells drives transformation in cells, a mesenchymal and invasive phenotype, accompanied by the downregulation of E-cadherin and the upregulation of N-cadherin, and an increased proliferation and an oncogenic potential. More importantly, for the first time, we have studied the role of Hakai during cancer progression in vivo. We show that Hakai-transformed MDCK cells dramatically induce tumour growth and local invasion in nude mice and tumour cells exhibit a mesenchymal phenotype. Furthermore, we have detected the presence of micrometastasis in the lung mice, further confirming Hakai role during tumour metastasis in vivo. These results lead to the consideration of Hakai as a potential new therapeutic target to block tumour development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Castosa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Sergas, Spain
| | - Olaia Martinez-Iglesias
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Sergas, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Lema
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Sergas, Spain
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Sergas, Spain
| | - Andrea Díaz-Díaz
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Sergas, Spain
| | - Pilar Iglesias
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Sergas, Spain.,Pathology Department, INIBIC, CHUAC, Sergas, UDC, Spain
| | - Isabel Santamarina
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, INIBIC, CHUAC, Sergas, UDC, Spain
| | - Begoña Graña
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, INIBIC, CHUAC, Sergas, UDC, Spain
| | - Lourdes Calvo
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, INIBIC, CHUAC, Sergas, UDC, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Concha
- Pathology Department, INIBIC, CHUAC, Sergas, UDC, Spain
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Sergas, Spain.
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22
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Li X, Zhou X, Hua F, Fan Y, Zu L, Wang Y, Shen W, Pan H, Zhou Q. The RNA-binding protein Sam68 is critical for non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8281-8291. [PMID: 31966679 PMCID: PMC6965395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Src associated in mitosis, 68 kDa (Sam68) is a KH domain RNA-binding protein that regulates a broad scope of biological events, including RNA metabolism, transcription and signal transduction. Herein, we aimed to explore the expression, clinical significance and biological function of Sam68 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By applying quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, we found that nucleic localized Sam68 was markedly overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. By X2 analysis and Kaplan-Meier survivial analysis between Sam68 expression and various clinicopathological features, Sam68 was found to be significantly associated with clinical T stage, advanced tumor grade, and short overall survival. Finally, in vitro loss-of-function studies showed that knockdown of Sam68 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and cell cycle progression in NSCLC cells. Moreover, our results clarified that knockdown of Sam68 could suppress NSCLC cell proliferation via the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. To conclude, our results demonstrated that upregulation of Sam68 in NSCLC resulted in poor prognosis, and it promoted cell proliferation via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which could serve as a novel biomarker for the prognosis and therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xuexia Zhou
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro- Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Feng Hua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteJinan, P. R. China
| | - Yaguang Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wang Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
- Sichuan Lung Cancer Institute, Sichuan Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, P. R. China
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23
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Díaz-Díaz A, Casas-Pais A, Calamia V, Castosa R, Martinez-Iglesias O, Roca-Lema D, Santamarina I, Valladares-Ayerbes M, Calvo L, Chantada V, Figueroa A. Proteomic Analysis of the E3 Ubiquitin-Ligase Hakai Highlights a Role in Plasticity of the Cytoskeleton Dynamics and in the Proteasome System. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2773-2788. [PMID: 28675930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma, the most common type of cancer, arises from epithelial cells. The transition from adenoma to carcinoma is associated with the loss of E-cadherin and, in consequence, the disruption of cell-cell contacts. E-cadherin is a tumor suppressor, and it is down-regulated during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); indeed, its loss is a predictor of poor prognosis. Hakai is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase protein that mediates E-cadherin ubiquitination, endocytosis and finally degradation, leading the alterations of cell-cell contacts. Although E-cadherin is the most established substrate for Hakai activity, other regulated molecular targets for Hakai may be involved in cancer cell plasticity during tumor progression. In this work we employed an iTRAQ approach to explore novel molecular pathways involved in Hakai-driven EMT during tumor progression. Our results show that Hakai may have an important influence on cytoskeleton-related proteins, extracellular exosome-associated proteins, RNA-related proteins and proteins involved in metabolism. Moreover, a profound decreased expression in several proteasome subunits during Hakai-driven EMT was highlighted. Since proteasome inhibitors are becoming increasingly used in cancer treatment, our findings suggest that the E3 ubiquitin-ligase, such as Hakai, may be a better target than proteasome for using novel specific inhibitors in tumor subtypes that follow EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Díaz-Díaz
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Valentina Calamia
- Proteomics Group-ProteoRed PRB2/ISCIII, INIBIC-CHUAC, UDC , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Raquel Castosa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Olaia Martinez-Iglesias
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Lema
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isabel Santamarina
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Valladares-Ayerbes
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Sevilla (IBIS) , 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lourdes Calvo
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Venancio Chantada
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
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24
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Bhargava S, Patil V, Mahalingam K, Somasundaram K. Elucidation of the genetic and epigenetic landscape alterations in RNA binding proteins in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16650-16668. [PMID: 28035070 PMCID: PMC5369992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have been implicated in cancer development. An integrated bioinformatics analysis of RBPs (n = 1756) in various datasets (n = 11) revealed several genetic and epigenetically altered events among RBPs in glioblastoma (GBM). We identified 13 mutated and 472 differentially regulated RBPs in GBM samples. Mutations in AHNAK predicted poor prognosis. Copy number variation (CNV), DNA methylation and miRNA targeting contributed to RBP differential regulation. Two sets of differentially regulated RBPs that may be implicated in initial astrocytic transformation and glioma progression were identified. We have also identified a four RBP (NOL3, SUCLG1, HERC5 and AFF3) signature, having a unique expression pattern in glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), to be an independent poor prognostic indicator in GBM. RBP risk score derived from the signature also stratified GBM into low-risk and high-risk groups with significant survival difference. Silencing NOL3, SUCLG1 and HERC5 inhibited GSC maintenance. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially regulated genes between high-risk and low-risk underscored the importance of inflammation, EMT and hypoxia in high-risk GBM. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview of genetic and epigenetic regulation of RBPs in glioma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bhargava
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Vikas Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, India
| | - Kulandaivelu Mahalingam
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, India
| | - Kumaravel Somasundaram
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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25
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EMT and stemness: flexible processes tuned by alternative splicing in development and cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:8. [PMID: 28137272 PMCID: PMC5282733 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with metastasis formation as well as with generation and maintenance of cancer stem cells. In this way, EMT contributes to tumor invasion, heterogeneity and chemoresistance. Morphological and functional changes involved in these processes require robust reprogramming of gene expression, which is only partially accomplished at the transcriptional level. Alternative splicing is another essential layer of gene expression regulation that expands the cell proteome. This step in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression tightly controls cell identity between epithelial and mesenchymal states and during stem cell differentiation. Importantly, dysregulation of splicing factor function and cancer-specific splicing isoform expression frequently occurs in human tumors, suggesting the importance of alternative splicing regulation for cancer biology. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of EMT programs in development, stem cell differentiation and cancer progression. Next, we focus on selected examples of key factors involved in EMT and stem cell differentiation that are regulated post-transcriptionally through alternative splicing mechanisms. Lastly, we describe relevant oncogenic splice-variants that directly orchestrate cancer stem cell biology and tumor EMT, which may be envisioned as novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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26
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Martin AR, Ronco C, Demange L, Benhida R. Hypoxia inducible factor down-regulation, cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs): ongoing success stories. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:21-52. [PMID: 30108689 PMCID: PMC6071925 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00432f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In cancers, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is an over-expressed transcription factor, which regulates a large set of genes involved in tumour vascularization, metastases, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation and self-renewal. This protein has been identified as a relevant target in oncology and several HIF-1 modulators are now marketed or in advanced clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to summarize the advances in the understanding of its regulation and its inhibition, from the medicinal chemist point of view. To this end, we selected in the recent literature relevant examples of "hit" compounds, including small-sized organic molecules, pseudopeptides and nano-drugs, exhibiting in vitro and/or in vivo both anti-HIF-1 and anti-tumour activities. Whenever possible, a particular emphasis has been dedicated to compounds that selectively target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
- UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques , Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Fr-75006 , France
- UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères , 45 rue des Saints Pères , Paris Fr-75006 , France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
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27
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Vlasova-St Louis I, Bohjanen PR. Post-transcriptional regulation of cytokine and growth factor signaling in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 33:83-93. [PMID: 27956133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, and play important roles in coordinating growth signal responses during development. The expression of cytokine genes and the signals transmitted through cytokine receptors are tightly regulated at several levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. A majority of cytokine mRNAs, including growth factor transcripts, contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3' untranslated regions that control gene expression by regulating mRNA degradation and changing translational rates. In addition, numerous proteins involved in transmitting signals downstream of cytokine receptors are regulated at the level of mRNA degradation by GU-rich elements (GREs) found in their 3' untranslated regions. Abnormal stabilization and overexpression of ARE or GRE-containing transcripts had been observed in many malignancies, which is a consequence of the malfunction of RNA-binding proteins. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of AREs and GREs in regulating mRNA turnover to coordinate cytokine and growth factor expression, and we describe how dysregulation of mRNA degradation mechanisms contributes to the development and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul R Bohjanen
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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28
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miRNA-Mediated KHSRP Silencing Rewires Distinct Post-transcriptional Programs during TGF-β-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Cell Rep 2016; 16:967-978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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29
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Toneff MJ, Sreekumar A, Tinnirello A, Hollander PD, Habib S, Li S, Ellis MJ, Xin L, Mani SA, Rosen JM. The Z-cad dual fluorescent sensor detects dynamic changes between the epithelial and mesenchymal cellular states. BMC Biol 2016; 14:47. [PMID: 27317311 PMCID: PMC4912796 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in metastasis and therapy resistance of carcinomas and can endow cancer cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. The ability to detect cancer cells that are undergoing or have completed EMT has typically relied on the expression of cell surface antigens that correlate with an EMT/CSC phenotype. Alternatively these cells may be permanently marked through Cre-mediated recombination or through immunostaining of fixed cells. The EMT process is dynamic, and these existing methods cannot reveal such changes within live cells. The development of fluorescent sensors that mirror the dynamic EMT state by following the expression of bona fide EMT regulators in live cells would provide a valuable new tool for characterizing EMT. In addition, these sensors will allow direct observation of cellular plasticity with respect to the epithelial/mesenchymal state to enable more effective studies of EMT in cancer and development. RESULTS We generated a lentiviral-based, dual fluorescent reporter system, designated as the Z-cad dual sensor, comprising destabilized green fluorescent protein containing the ZEB1 3' UTR and red fluorescent protein driven by the E-cadherin (CDH1) promoter. Using this sensor, we robustly detected EMT and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) in breast cancer cells by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Importantly, we observed dynamic changes in cellular populations undergoing MET. Additionally, we used the Z-cad sensor to identify and isolate minor subpopulations of cells displaying mesenchymal properties within a population comprising predominately epithelial-like cells. The Z-cad dual sensor identified cells with CSC-like properties more effectively than either the ZEB1 3' UTR or E-cadherin sensor alone. CONCLUSIONS The Z-cad dual sensor effectively reports the activities of two factors critical in determining the epithelial/mesenchymal state of carcinoma cells. The ability of this stably integrating dual sensor system to detect dynamic fluctuations between these two states through live cell imaging offers a significant improvement over existing methods and helps facilitate the study of EMT/MET plasticity in response to different stimuli and in cancer pathogenesis. Finally, the versatile Z-cad sensor can be adapted to a variety of in vitro or in vivo systems to elucidate whether EMT/MET contributes to normal and disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Toneff
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Tinnirello
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Habib
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Li
- Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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30
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Beltran-Sarmiento E, Floriano-Sánchez E, Bandala C, Lara-Padilla E, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N. Association of CYP8A1 (Prostacyclin I2 synthase) polymorphism rs5602 with breast cancer in Mexican woman. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:341-349. [PMID: 27186408 PMCID: PMC4859665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common cancer in Mexican women. Certain risk factors, such as environmental and lifestyle factors have been implicated in BCa initiation and progression. Moreover, genetic factors, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the P450 system, have been reported in BCa. In this report, and for the first time in the literature, we analyzed the rs5602 (67730 T > C) polymorphism in the CYP8A1 in patients with BCa and in healthy Mexican women to identify a potential risk between this polymorphism and BCa. Leukocyte cells from 38 control patients and tissue from radical mastectomy surgeries in 64 BCa patients were used for polymorphism analysis using an allelic discrimination assay with TaqMan probes. Links with clinic-pathological characteristics were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the standard χ(2) or Fisher exact test statistic. All CYP8A1 genotypes were detected in patients with BCa and the controls. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of CYP8A1 genotypes between the patients and controls (P=0.0008) and allele C was significantly associated with BCa risk (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.166-3.72, P=0.0178). All polymorphism frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in the controls (P > 0.05). We found that variant 67730 T > C was significantly associated with an increased risk of BCa (P < 0.05). We not observed an association of the TT and TC + CC genotypes with the clinical stage, BIRADS, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, HER2 status, p53 status, CD34 status, metastasis or therapy use. These results indicate that the CYP8A1 rs5602 SNP is a possible risk factor for BCa in Mexican women. This study showed an association between the CYP8A1 polymorphism and BCa risk in a Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esaú Floriano-Sánchez
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Military School of Graduate of Health, SEDENA México 11200, D.F., México
| | - Cindy Bandala
- Department of Neuroscience, National Rehabilitation Institute México 14389, D.F., México
| | - Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- Section of Research and Graduate Studies, National Polytechnic Institute México 11340, D.F., México
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (Neurochemistry), National Institute of Pediatrics México 04530, D.F., México
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31
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Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition is blocked by a chemical antagonist of translation factor eIF4E. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18233. [PMID: 26678431 PMCID: PMC4683370 DOI: 10.1038/srep18233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) imparts disease-defining properties to epithelial cells in cancer and organ fibrosis. Prior studies identify EMT control points at the level of transcription and translation, and indicate that activation of translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is involved in the mechanisms coordinating these two levels of control. Here we show that 4Ei-1, a specific chemical antagonist of the eIF4E-mRNA cap interaction, potently inhibits transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) mediated EMT in lung epithelial cells. Upon treatment with TGF-β1, we observed a rapid recruitment of Snail1 mRNA into the actively translated polysome pool accompanied by accumulation of the EMT transcription factor Snail1 in the nucleus. 4Ei-1 blocks ribosome recruitment to the Snail1 transcript thereby preventing accumulation of the Snail1 protein in the nucleus. Our findings establish an obligatory role for upstream translational control of downstream Snail1-mediated transcriptional events in TGF-β1 induced EMT, and provide proof of concept for efforts to pharmacologically modulate the eIF4E-cap interaction as a means to inhibit pathological EMT in the setting of cancer and organ fibrosis.
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32
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Zhang L, Wang X, Lai M. Modulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal cancerous transition by natural products. Fitoterapia 2015; 106:247-55. [PMID: 26386389 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is mainly responsible for poor prognosis of cancer, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a significant process often activated during cancer invasion and metastasis. Therefore EMT could be an effective target of chemotherapy to inhibit cancer metastasis and improve prognosis. Considering that many chemotherapeutics are plant-based, we reviewed recent reports about natural products extracted from plants and cancer EMT prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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33
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Clinical implications of epithelial cell plasticity in cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2015; 366:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Codutti L, Leppek K, Zálešák J, Windeisen V, Masiewicz P, Stoecklin G, Carlomagno T. A Distinct, Sequence-Induced Conformation Is Required for Recognition of the Constitutive Decay Element RNA by Roquin. Structure 2015; 23:1437-1447. [PMID: 26165594 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The constitutive decay element (CDE) of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) mRNA (Tnf) represents the prototype of a class of RNA motifs that mediate rapid degradation of mRNAs encoding regulators of the immune response and development. CDE-type RNAs are hairpin structures featuring a tri-nucleotide loop. The protein Roquin recognizes CDE-type stem loops and recruits the Ccr4-Caf1-Not deadenylase complex to the mRNA, thereby inducing its decay. Stem recognition does not involve nucleotide bases; however, there is a strong stem sequence requirement for functional CDEs. Here, we present the solution structures of the natural Tnf CDE and of a CDE mutant with impaired Roquin binding. We find that the two CDEs adopt unique and distinct structures in both the loop and the stem, which explains the ability of Roquin to recognize stem loops in a sequence-specific manner. Our findings result in a relaxed consensus motif for prediction of new CDE stem loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Codutti
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Leppek
- Helmholtz Junior Research Group Posttranscriptional Control of Gene Expression, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Zálešák
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Windeisen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pawel Masiewicz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Helmholtz Junior Research Group Posttranscriptional Control of Gene Expression, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Carlomagno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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35
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Yang C, Fischer-Kešo R, Schlechter T, Ströbel P, Marx A, Hofmann I. Plakophilin 1-deficient cells upregulate SPOCK1: implications for prostate cancer progression. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9567-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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36
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Grelet S, Andries V, Polette M, Gilles C, Staes K, Martin AP, Kileztky C, Terryn C, Dalstein V, Cheng CW, Shen CY, Birembaut P, Van Roy F, Nawrocki-Raby B. The human NANOS3 gene contributes to lung tumour invasion by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Pathol 2015; 237:25-37. [PMID: 25904364 DOI: 10.1002/path.4549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have explored the role of the human NANOS3 gene in lung tumour progression. We show that NANOS3 is over-expressed by invasive lung cancer cells and is a prognostic marker for non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). NANOS3 gene expression is restricted in testis and brain and is regulated by epigenetic events. It is up-regulated in cultured cells undergoing epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT). NANOS3 over-expression in human NSCLC cell lines enhances their invasiveness by up-regulating EMT, whereas its silencing induces mesenchymal - epithelial transition. NANOS3 represses E-cadherin at the transcriptional level and up-regulates vimentin post-transcriptionally. Also, we show that NANOS3 binds mRNAs encoding vimentin and regulates the length of their poly(A) tail. Finally, NANOS3 can also protect vimentin mRNA from microRNA-mediated repression. We thus demonstrate a role for NANOS3 in the acquisition of invasiveness by human lung tumour cells and propose a new mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grelet
- INSERM UMR-S 903, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Vanessa Andries
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium.,Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myriam Polette
- INSERM UMR-S 903, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France.,Laboratory of Histology, CHU Reims, France
| | - Christine Gilles
- Laboratory of Developmental and Tumour Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Katrien Staes
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium.,Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Claire Kileztky
- INSERM UMR-S 903, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Christine Terryn
- Plateforme Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Véronique Dalstein
- INSERM UMR-S 903, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France.,Laboratory of Histology, CHU Reims, France
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philippe Birembaut
- INSERM UMR-S 903, SFR CAP-Santé, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France.,Laboratory of Histology, CHU Reims, France
| | - Frans Van Roy
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium.,Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent, Belgium
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37
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Post-transcriptional up-regulation of PDGF-C by HuR in advanced and stressed breast cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20306-20. [PMID: 25383675 PMCID: PMC4264168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple genetic alterations leading to the activation of growth factor signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation. Platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) is overexpressed in various malignancies; however, the involvement of PDGF-C in breast cancers and the mechanisms underlying PDGF-C deregulation remain unclear. Here, we show that PDGF-C is overexpressed in clinical breast cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. PDGF-C up-regulation was mediated by the human embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like protein HuR, which stabilizes the PDGF-C transcript by binding to two predicted AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). HuR is up-regulated in hydrogen peroxide-treated or ultraviolet-irradiated breast cancer cells. Clinically, HuR levels are correlated with PDGF-C expression and histological grade or pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying HuR-mediated breast cancer progression, and suggest that HuR and PDGF-C are potential molecular candidates for targeted therapy of breast cancers.
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38
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Wurth L, Gebauer F. RNA-binding proteins, multifaceted translational regulators in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:881-6. [PMID: 25316157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) orchestrate transcript fate and function. Even though alterations in post-transcriptional events contribute to key steps of tumor initiation and progression, RBP-mediated control has remained relatively unexplored in cancer. Here, we discuss examples of this promising field focusing on translation regulation, and highlight the variety of molecular mechanisms by which RBPs impinge on translation with consequences for tumorigenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translation and Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Wurth
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fátima Gebauer
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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39
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Doherty MF, Adelmant G, Cecchetelli AD, Marto JA, Cram EJ. Proteomic analysis reveals CACN-1 is a component of the spliceosome in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2014; 4:1555-64. [PMID: 24948787 PMCID: PMC4132184 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for embryonic development and tissue formation in all animals. cacn-1 is a conserved gene of unknown molecular function identified in a genome-wide screen for genes that regulate distal tip cell migration in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study we take a proteomics approach to understand CACN-1 function. To isolate CACN-1-interacting proteins, we used an in vivo tandem-affinity purification strategy. Tandem-affinity purification-tagged CACN-1 complexes were isolated from C. elegans lysate, analyzed by mass spectrometry, and characterized bioinformatically. Results suggest significant interaction of CACN-1 with the C. elegans spliceosome. All of the identified interactors were screened for distal tip cell migration phenotypes using RNAi. Depletion of many of these factors led to distal tip cell migration defects, particularly a failure to stop migrating, a phenotype commonly seen in cacn-1 deficient animals. The results of this screen identify eight novel regulators of cell migration and suggest CACN-1 may participate in a protein network dedicated to high-fidelity gonad development. The composition of proteins comprising the CACN-1 network suggests that this critical developmental module may exert its influence through alternative splicing or other post-transcriptional gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Doherty
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Guillaume Adelmant
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Erin J Cram
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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40
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Bebee TW, Cieply BW, Carstens RP. Genome-wide activities of RNA binding proteins that regulate cellular changes in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 825:267-302. [PMID: 25201109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1221-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reverse mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) are developmentally conserved processes that are essential for patterning of developing embryos and organs. The EMT/MET are further utilized in wound healing, but they can also be hijacked by cancer cells to promote tumor progression and metastasis. The molecular pathways governing these processes have historically focused on the transcriptional regulation and networks that control them. Indeed, global profiling of transcriptional changes has provided a wealth of information into how these networks are regulated, the downstream targets, and functional consequence of alterations to the global transcriptome. However, recent evidence has revealed that the posttranscriptional landscape of the cell is also dramatically altered during the EMT/MET and contributes to changes in cell behavior and phenotypes. While studies of this aspect of EMT biology are still in their infancy, recent progress has been achieved by the identification of several RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that regulate splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stability, and translational control during EMT. This chapter focuses on the global impact of RBPs that regulate mRNA maturation as well as outlines the functional impact of several key posttranscriptional changes during the EMT. The growing evidence of RBP involvement in the cellular transformation during EMT underscores that a coordinated regulation of both transcriptional and posttranscriptional changes is essential for EMT. Furthermore, new discoveries into these events will paint a more detailed picture of the transcriptome during the EMT/MET and provide novel molecular targets for treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Bebee
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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41
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Song X, Liu W, Xie S, Wang M, Cao G, Mao C, Lv C. All-transretinoic acid ameliorates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by downregulating the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway in rats. J Transl Med 2013; 93:1219-31. [PMID: 24042439 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad3 signaling pathway has a central role in pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated if all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) could attenuate fibrosis in bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats through regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. Beginning on day 14 after BLM administration, the ATRA I and II groups of rats received daily oral administration of ATRA for 14 days. All rats were killed on day 28. Lung tissue sections were prepared and subject to histological assessment, and expression levels of proteins involved in the TGF-β1 signaling cascade and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot procedure, and immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence staining. BLM significantly increased the alveolar septum infiltrates, inflammatory cell infiltrates, and collagen fibers. These BLM-induced changes were significantly ameliorated by ATRA treatment. In addition, BLM significantly increased levels of lung fibrosis markers α-SMA, hydroxyproline (Hyp), collagen I, Snail, and Twist, whereas significantly decreased E-cadherin expression. ATRA treatment largely reversed BLM-induced changes in these lung fibrosis markers. ATRA also blocked BLM-induced activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway in lung tissues, including expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, p-Smad3, zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 and 2 (ZEB1 and ZEB2), and the high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2). Our results suggest that ATRA may have potential therapeutic value for lung fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Song
- Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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