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Cui Y, Yang K, Guo C, Xia Z, Jiang B, Xue Y, Song B, Hu W, Zhang M, Wei Y, Zhang C, Zhang S, Fang J. Carbon monoxide as a negative feedback mechanism on HIF-1α in the progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Nitric Oxide 2024; 153:1-12. [PMID: 39369813 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) encompasses various chronic liver conditions, yet lacks approved drugs. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is pivotal in MAFLD development. Our prior research highlighted the efficacy of the nano-designed carbon monoxide (CO) donor, targeting HIF-1α in a mouse hepatic steatosis model. Given heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, a major downstream molecule of HIF-1α) as the primary source of intrinsic CO, we hypothesized that upregulation of HO-1/CO, responsive to HIF-1α, forms a negative feedback loop regulating MAFLD progression. In this study, we explored the potential negative feedback mechanism of CO on HIF-1α and its downstream effects on MAFLD advancement. HIF-1α emerges early in hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat (HF) diet, triggering increased HO-1 and inflammation. SMA/CORM2 effectively suppresses HIF-1α and steatosis progression when administered within the initial week of HF diet initiation but loses impact later. In adipose tissues, concurrent metabolic dysfunction and inflammation with HIF-1α activation suggest adipose tissue expansion initiates HF-induced steatosis, triggering hypoxia and liver inflammation. Notably, in an in vitro study using mouse hepatocytes treated with fatty acids, downregulating HO-1 intensified HIF-1α induction at moderate fatty acid concentrations. However, this effect diminished at high concentrations. These results suggest the HIF-1α-HO-1-CO axis as a feedback loop under physiological and mild pathological conditions. Excessive HIF-1α upregulation in pathological conditions overwhelms the CO feedback loop. Additional CO application effectively suppresses HIF-1α and disease progression, indicating potential application for MAFLD control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cui
- Peking University First Hospital Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Yinchuan, 750000, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, No.632, Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengmei Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Benchun Jiang
- Department of Gastricintestinal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanni Xue
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Bingdong Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Weirong Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Maternal and Child Health Genetics, School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, No 632 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Center for Maternal and Child Health Genetics, School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, No 632 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
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Van Eyck A, Kwanten WJ, Peleman C, Makhout S, Van Laere S, Van De Maele K, Van Hoorenbeeck K, De Man J, De Winter BY, Francque S, Verhulst SL. The role of adipose tissue and subsequent liver tissue hypoxia in obesity and early stage metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:512-522. [PMID: 38142264 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is linked to several health complication, including Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Adipose tissue hypoxia has been suggested as an important player in the pathophysiological mechanism leading to chronic inflammation in obesity, and in the progression of MASLD. The study aims to investigate the effect of progressive obesity on adipose and liver tissue hypoxia. METHODS Male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD) or control diet (CD) for 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks. Serum ALT, AST and lipid levels were determined, and glucose and insulin tolerance testing was performed. Liver, gonadal and subcutaneous adipose tissue was assessed histologically. In vivo tissue pO2 measurements were performed in gonadal adipose tissue and liver under anesthesia. A PCR array for hypoxia responsive genes was performed in liver and adipose tissue. The main findings in the liver were validated in another diet-induced MASLD mice model, the choline-deficient L-amino acid defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD). RESULTS HFHFD feeding induced a progressive obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and MASLD. In vivo pO2 was decreased in gonadal adipose tissue after 8 weeks of HFHFD compared to CD, and decreased further until 20 weeks. Liver pO2 was only significantly decreased after 16 and 20 weeks of HFHFD. Gene expression and histology confirmed the presence of hypoxia in liver and adipose tissue. Hypoxia could not be confirmed in mice fed a CDAHFD. CONCLUSION Diet-induced obesity in mice is associated with hypoxia in liver and adipose tissue. Adipose tissue hypoxia develops early in obesity, while liver hypoxia occurs later in the obesity development but still within the early stages of MASLD. Liver hypoxia could not be directly confirmed in a non-obese liver-only MASLD mice model, indicating that obesity-related processes such as adipose tissue hypoxia are important in the pathophysiology of obesity and MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Van Eyck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Wilhelmus J Kwanten
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Cédric Peleman
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sanae Makhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Center of Oncological Research (CORE), MIPRO, IPPON, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien Van De Maele
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kim Van Hoorenbeeck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Joris De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sven Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Stijn L Verhulst
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Cui Y, Guo C, Xia Z, Xue Y, Song B, Hu W, He X, Liang S, Wei Y, Zhang C, Wang H, Xu D, Zhang S, Fang J. Exploring the therapeutic potential of a nano micelle containing a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease by modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:500-516. [PMID: 37574157 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, including steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Despite the increasing prevalence and severity of MAFLD, no approved pharmacological interventions are currently available. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has emerged as a crucial early mediator in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. Previously, we demonstrated the potent anti-inflammatory properties of the nano-designed carbon monoxide (CO) donor, styrene maleic acid copolymer (SMA) encapsulating CO-releasing molecule (SMA/CORM2), which effectively suppressed HIF-1α in various inflammatory disorders. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of SMA/CORM2 in a mouse model of MAFLD induced by a high-fat methionine- and choline-deficient (HF-MCD) diet. Following 4 weeks of HF-MCD diet consumption, we observed pronounced hepatic lipid accumulation accompanied by disrupted lipid metabolism, polarization of macrophages towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and upregulation of the TGF-β fibrosis signaling pathway. Notably, the early and upstream event driving these pathological changes was the upregulation of HIF-1α. Treatment with SMA/CORM2 (10 mg/kg, three times per week) led to a significant increase in CO levels in both the circulation and liver, resulting in remarkable suppression of HIF-1α expression even before the onset of apparent pathological changes induced by the HF-MCD diet. Consequently, SMA/CORM2 administration exerted a significantly protective and therapeutic effect on MAFLD. In vitro studies using hepatocytes treated with high concentrations of fatty acids further supported these findings, as knockdown of HIF-1α using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) elicited similar effects to SMA/CORM2 treatment. Collectively, our results highlight the therapeutic potential of SMA/CORM2 in the management of MAFLD through suppression of HIF-1α. We anticipate that SMA/CORM2, with its ability to modulate HIF-1α expression, may hold promise for future applications in the treatment of MAFLD. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a crucial gaseous signaling molecule that plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and is a potential target for treating many inflammatory diseases. Developing drug delivery systems that can deliver CO stably and target specific tissues is of great interest. Our team previously developed a nano micellar CO donor, SMA/CORM2, which exhibits superior bioavailability to native CORM2 and shows therapeutic potential in many inflammatory disease models. In this study, we showed that SMA/CORM2, through controlled CO release, significantly ameliorated steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis induced by an HF-MCD diet by suppressing an HIF-1α mediated inflammatory cascade. These findings provide new insight into the anti-inflammatory function of CO and a promising approach for controlling metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Peking University First Hispital Ningxia Women and Children's Hosptical (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengmei Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yanni Xue
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Bingdong Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Weirong Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shimin Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, No 632 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, No 632 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
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Yang J, He J, Feng Y, Xiang M. Obesity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma development via immunosuppressive microenvironment remodeling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166440. [PMID: 37266440 PMCID: PMC10231659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally recognized that the initiation of obesity-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely associated with hepatic inflammation. However, the paradoxical role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of HCC is highlighted by the fact that the inflammatory HCC is accompanied by significant immune effector cells infiltration compared to non-inflammatory HCC and HCC with enhanced immune response exhibits better survival. Importantly, the cancer progression has been primarily attributed to the immunosuppression, which can also be induced by obesity. Furthermore, the increased risk of viral infection and thus viral-HCC in obese individuals supports the view that obesity contributes to HCC via immunosuppression. Here, we have reviewed the various mechanisms responsible for obesity-induced tumor immune microenvironment and immunosuppression in obesity-related HCC. We highlight that the obesity-induced immunosuppression originates from lipid disorder as well as metabolic reprogramming and propose potential therapeutic strategy for HCC based on the current success of immunotherapy.
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Ke B, Li C, Shang H. Hematologic traits and primary biliary cholangitis: a Mendelian randomization study. J Hum Genet 2023:10.1038/s10038-023-01146-0. [PMID: 37012349 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic abnormalities was observationally associated with the susceptibility of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, the conclusion is still controversial and whether there exists a causal association remains elusive. Here we aimed to explore the causative role of hematological traits in the risk of PBC. We conducted two-sample and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses based on summary statistics from previous large genome-wide association studies. Totally twelve red blood cell and six white blood cell traits were analyzed. Genetically determined higher hemoglobin level was significantly associated with a reduced risk of PBC (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47-0.81, P: 5.59E-04). Meanwhile, higher hematocrit level was nominally associated with reduced risk of PBC (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.93, P: 0.01). These results could help better understand the role of hematological traits in the risk of PBC, and provide potential targets for the disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ke
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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A Bidirectional Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023. [PMID: 37495341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a twentieth-century epidemic and is a growing concern among health professionals. Obesity and its complications contribute to multiple chronic illnesses, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), malignancy, and cardiovascular and liver diseases. In the last two decades, a bidirectional association between OSA and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), independent of obesity, has been established. Both conditions have similar risk factors and metabolic comorbidities that may imply a common disease pathway. This review compiles the evidence and delineates the relationship between OSA and MAFLD from a clinical and diagnostic aspect.
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Cannito S, Dianzani U, Parola M, Albano E, Sutti S. Inflammatory processes involved in NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20221271. [PMID: 36691794 PMCID: PMC9874450 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the recent years nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a growing cause of HCCs and the incidence of NAFLD-related HCCs is expected to further dramatically increase by the next decade. Chronic inflammation is regarded as the driving force of NAFLD progression and a key factor in hepatic carcinogenesis. Hepatic inflammation in NAFLD results from the persistent stimulation of innate immunity in response to hepatocellular injury and gut dysbiosis as well as by the activation of adaptive immunity. However, the relative roles of innate and adaptive immunity in the processes leading to HCC are still incompletely characterized. This is due to the complex interplay between different liver cell populations, which is also strongly influenced by gut-derived bacterial products, metabolic/nutritional signals. Furthermore, carcinogenic mechanisms in NAFLD/NASH appear to involve the activation of signals mediated by hypoxia inducible factors. This review discusses recent data regarding the contribution of different inflammatory cells to NAFLD-related HCC and their possible impact on patient response to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cannito
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Autoimmune Diseases, University of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Parola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Albano
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Autoimmune Diseases, University of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sutti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Autoimmune Diseases, University of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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8
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Xiao Z, Liu M, Yang F, Liu G, Liu J, Zhao W, Ma S, Duan Z. Programmed cell death and lipid metabolism of macrophages in NAFLD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118449. [PMID: 36742318 PMCID: PMC9889867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has now become the leading chronic liver disease worldwide with lifestyle changes. This may lead to NAFLD becoming the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the future. To date, there are still no effective therapeutic drugs for NAFLD. An in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of NAFLD can help to provide a basis for new therapeutic agents or strategies. As the most important immune cells of the liver, macrophages play an important role in the occurrence and development of liver inflammation and are expected to become effective targets for NAFLD treatment. Programmed cell death (PCD) of macrophages plays a regulatory role in phenotypic transformation, and there is also a certain connection between different types of PCD. However, how PCD regulates macrophage polarization has still not been systematically elucidated. Based on the role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in macrophage polarization, PCD may alter the phenotype by regulating lipid metabolism. We reviewed the effects of macrophages on inflammation in NAFLD and changes in their lipid metabolism, as well as the relationship between different types of PCD and lipid metabolism in macrophages. Furthermore, interactions between different types of PCD and potential therapeutic agents targeting of macrophages PCD are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Xiao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangming Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangkai Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suping Ma
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Suping Ma, ; Zhongping Duan,
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Suping Ma, ; Zhongping Duan,
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De Muynck K, Vanderborght B, Van Vlierberghe H, Devisscher L. The Gut-Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:2959. [PMID: 34831182 PMCID: PMC8616442 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a growing health concern which accounts for two million deaths per year. Obesity, alcohol overconsumption, and progressive cholestasis are commonly characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation and advancing fibrosis, which form the basis for development of end-stage liver disease complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. CLD pathophysiology extends to the intestinal tract and is characterized by intestinal dysbiosis, bile acid dysregulation, and gut barrier disruption. In addition, macrophages are key players in CLD progression and intestinal barrier breakdown. Emerging studies are unveiling macrophage heterogeneity and driving factors of their plasticity in health and disease. To date, in-depth investigation of how gut-liver axis disruption impacts the hepatic and intestinal macrophage pool in CLD pathogenesis is scarce. In this review, we give an overview of the role of intestinal and hepatic macrophages in homeostasis and gut-liver axis disruption in progressive stages of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin De Muynck
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.M.); (B.V.)
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.M.); (B.V.)
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.M.); (B.V.)
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10
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Foglia B, Sutti S, Cannito S, Rosso C, Maggiora M, Autelli R, Novo E, Bocca C, Villano G, Ramavath NN, Younes R, Tusa I, Rovida E, Pontisso P, Bugianesi E, Albano E, Parola M. Hepatocyte-Specific Deletion of HIF2α Prevents NASH-Related Liver Carcinogenesis by Decreasing Cancer Cell Proliferation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:459-482. [PMID: 34655812 PMCID: PMC8688724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are involved in chronic liver disease progression. We previously showed that hepatocyte HIF-2α activation contributed significantly to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression in experimental animals and human patients. In this study, using an appropriate genetic murine model, we mechanistically investigated the involvement of hepatocyte HIF-2α in experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related carcinogenesis. METHODS The role of HIF-2α was investigated by morphologic, cellular, and molecular biology approaches in the following: (1) mice carrying hepatocyte-specific deletion of HIF-2α (HIF-2α-/- mice) undergoing a NASH-related protocol of hepatocarcinogenesis; (2) HepG2 cells stably transfected to overexpress HIF-2α; and (3) liver specimens from NASH patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS Mice carrying hepatocyte-specific deletion of HIF-2α (hHIF-2α-/-) showed a significant decrease in the volume and number of liver tumors compared with wild-type littermates. These effects did not involve HIF-1α changes and were associated with a decrease of cell proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki67. In both human and rodent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related tumors, HIF-2α levels were strictly associated with hepatocyte production of SerpinB3, a mediator previously shown to stimulate liver cancer cell proliferation through the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP)/c-Myc pathway. Consistently, we observed positive correlations between the transcripts of HIF-2α, YAP, and c-Myc in individual hepatocellular carcinoma tumor masses, while HIF-2α deletion down-modulated c-Myc and YAP expression without affecting extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and AKT-dependent signaling. In vitro data confirmed that HIF-2α overexpression induced HepG2 cell proliferation through YAP-mediated mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the activation of HIF-2α in hepatocytes has a critical role in liver carcinogenesis during NASH progression, suggesting that HIF-2α-blocking agents may serve as novel putative therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Foglia
- Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sutti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Autoimmune Diseases, University Amedeo Avogadro of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Cannito
- Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Division of Gastroenterology, San Giovanni Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Marina Maggiora
- Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Autelli
- Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Erica Novo
- Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Bocca
- Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Naresh Naik Ramavath
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Autoimmune Diseases, University Amedeo Avogadro of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Ramy Younes
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Division of Gastroenterology, San Giovanni Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Ignazia Tusa
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Pathology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Pathology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Division of Gastroenterology, San Giovanni Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Albano
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Autoimmune Diseases, University Amedeo Avogadro of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Parola
- Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
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11
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Fatty acid-binding protein 5 activates cyclooxygenase-2 and promotes hypoxic injury in LO2 cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Lopez-Pascual A, Trayhurn P, Martínez JA, González-Muniesa P. Oxygen in Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Therapeutic Relevance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:642-687. [PMID: 34036800 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: In recent years, a number of studies have shown altered oxygen partial pressure at a tissue level in metabolic disorders, and some researchers have considered oxygen to be a (macro) nutrient. Oxygen availability may be compromised in obesity and several other metabolism-related pathological conditions, including sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, the metabolic syndrome (which is a set of conditions), type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Recent Advances: Strategies designed to reduce adiposity and its accompanying disorders have been mainly centered on nutritional interventions and physical activity programs. However, novel therapies are needed since these approaches have not been sufficient to counteract the worldwide increasing rates of metabolic disorders. In this regard, intermittent hypoxia training and hyperoxia could be potential treatments through oxygen-related adaptations. Moreover, living at a high altitude may have a protective effect against the development of abnormal metabolic conditions. In addition, oxygen delivery systems may be of therapeutic value for supplying the tissue-specific oxygen requirements. Critical Issues: Precise in vivo methods to measure oxygenation are vital to disentangle some of the controversies related to this research area. Further, it is evident that there is a growing need for novel in vitro models to study the potential pathways involved in metabolic dysfunction to find appropriate therapeutic targets. Future Directions: Based on the existing evidence, it is suggested that oxygen availability has a key role in obesity and its related comorbidities. Oxygen should be considered in relation to potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 642-687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Lopez-Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul Trayhurn
- Obesity Biology Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Hypoxia, Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071764. [PMID: 34359934 PMCID: PMC8305108 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a potentially reversible pathophysiological event, leading to excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and taking place as the net result of liver fibrogenesis, a dynamic and highly integrated process occurring during chronic liver injury of any etiology. Liver fibrogenesis and fibrosis, together with chronic inflammatory response, are primarily involved in the progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD). As is well known, a major role in fibrogenesis and fibrosis is played by activated myofibroblasts (MFs), as well as by macrophages and other hepatic cell populations involved in CLD progression. In the present review, we will focus the attention on the emerging pathogenic role of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and related mediators in the fibrogenic progression of CLD.
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14
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Wang H, Wang L, Li Y, Luo S, Ye J, Lu Z, Li X, Lu H. The HIF-2α/PPARα pathway is essential for liraglutide-alleviated, lipid-induced hepatic steatosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111778. [PMID: 34062416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide has been demonstrated to alleviate hepatic steatosis in clinical practice, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study indicated that the HIF-2α/PPARα pathway was involved in hepatic lipid accumulation induced by hypoxia.We aimed to investigate whether liraglutide could alleviate lipid-induced hepatic steatosis via the HIF-2α/PPARα pathway. Whole-body HIF-2α heterozygous knockout (HIF-2α+/-) mice and littermate wild-type (WT) mice were successfully established. Male mice challenged with a high-fat diet were treated with liraglutide (0.6 mg/kg/d) or normal saline by intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks. We observed that, compared with WT mice, many indicators of HIF-2α+/- mice improved, including GTT, ITT, fasting blood glucose, body weight, liver weight, and lipid profile in serum or liver lipid deposition, and the expression level of PPARα, mitochondrial function genes, and fatty acid oxidation genes were upregulated, while those of HIF-2α and lipogenesis genes were downregulated significantly. After liraglutide treatment in WT mice, we found that significant improvements were observed in the fat mass, GTT, ITT, fasting blood glucose, body weight, liver weight, lipid profile in serum or liver lipid deposition; the β-oxidation genes were upregulated and the lipogenesis genes were downregulated; and the abundance of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila increased significantly. However, the effects of liraglutide on WT mice were not observed in HIF-2α+/- mice. In addition, in the HepG2 steatotic hepatocyte model, liraglutide alleviated lipid deposits by repressing lipid synthesis and enhancing fatty acid β-oxidation, which were substantially suppressed by the HIF-2α modulators. Therefore, the HIF-2α/PPARα pathway is essential for liraglutide-alleviated lipid-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunkui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfang Ye
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanjin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Hossein Bagheri M, Azamian-Jazi A, Banitalebi E, Kazeminasab F, Hossein Nasr-Esfahani M. Both high-intensity interval training and low-intensity endurance training decrease intrahepatic lipid deposits via alterations of the expression of HIF-1α, HIG2 in a murine model of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Zhang CH, Sheng JQ, Xie WH, Luo XQ, Xue YN, Xu GL, Chen C. Mechanism and Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Obesity: Prevention and Treatment Strategies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:615895. [PMID: 33762940 PMCID: PMC7982543 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.615895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the incidences of obesity and related metabolic disorders worldwide have increased dramatically. Major pathophysiology of obesity is termed "lipotoxicity" in modern western medicine (MWM) or "dampness-heat" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). "Dampness-heat" is a very common and critically important syndrome to guild clinical treatment in TCM. However, the pathogenesis of obesity in TCM is not fully clarified, especially by MWM theories compared to TCM. In this review, the mechanism underlying the action of TCM in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders was thoroughly discussed, and prevention and treatment strategies were proposed accordingly. Hypoxia and inflammation caused by lipotoxicity exist in obesity and are key pathophysiological characteristics of "dampness-heat" syndrome in TCM. "Dampness-heat" is prevalent in chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, prone to insulin resistance (IR), and causes variant metabolic disorders. In particular, the MWM theories of hypoxia and inflammation were applied to explain the "dampness-heat" syndrome of TCM, and we summarized and proposed the pathological path of obesity: lipotoxicity, hypoxia or chronic low-grade inflammation, IR, and metabolic disorders. This provides significant enrichment to the scientific connotation of TCM theories and promotes the modernization of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun-Qing Sheng
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Hua Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Luo
- Experimental Animal Science and Technology Center of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ya-Nan Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Guo-Liang Xu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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17
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Connexin 43 prevents the progression of diabetic renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating the SIRT1-HIF-1α signaling pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1573-1592. [PMID: 32558900 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced renal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key pathological factor in diabetic renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (RIF). Our previous studies have shown that connexin 43 (Cx43) activation attenuated the development of diabetic renal fibrosis. However, whether Cx43 regulates the EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and the pathological process of RIF under the diabetic conditions remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we identified that Cx43 protein expression was down-regulated in the kidney tissues of db/db mice as well as in high glucose (HG)-induced NRK-52E cells. Overexpression of Cx43 improved renal function in db/db spontaneous diabetic model mice, increased SIRT1 levels, decreased hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression, and reduced production of EMT markers and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Additionally, Cx43 overexpression inhibited the EMT process and reduced the expression of ECM components such as fibronectin (FN), Collagen I, and Collagen IV in HG-induced NRK-52E cells, whereas Cx43 deficiency had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, Cx43 in a carboxyl-terminal signal transduction-dependent manner could up-regulate SIRT1 expression and enhance SIRT1-dependent deacetylation of HIF-1α to reduce HIF-1α activity, which eventually ameliorated renal EMT and diabetic RIF. Our study indicates the essential role of Cx43 in regulating renal EMT and diabetic RIF via regulating the SIRT1-HIF-1α signaling pathway and provides an experimental basis for Cx43 as a potential target for diabetic nephropathy (DN).
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18
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Demirbaş F, Çaltepe G, Comba A, Abbasguliyev H, Yurttan Uyar N, Kalaycı AG. Association of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with the fecal calprotectin level in children. Arab J Gastroenterol 2020; 21:211-215. [PMID: 33248976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS As the prevalence of obesity increased, obesity-related comorbidities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also increased. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of intestinal inflammation by evaluating the faecal calprotectin (FC) level in children with obesity and NAFLD and to determine the factors affecting the FC level. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between August 2018 and November 2018, the FC levels of obese patients (Group 1a = NAFLD (n = 30) and 1b = without NAFLD (n = 30)) were prospectively compared to that of healthy children (Group 2, n = 20). Patients with BMI > 2 z-score were considered obese. NAFLD was identified with liver contrast and brightness on ultrasound. RESULTS Of the patients included in this study, 50 were male (62.5%), with a mean age of 11.4 ± 3.1 years. The mean FC levels were 121.6 ± 24.8 μg/g (19.5-800) in Group 1 (Group 1a = 128.4 and Group 1b = 84.5) and 43.8 ± 25.4 μg/g (19.5-144) in Group 2. In comparison, the FC levels were higher in Group 1. This difference was more significant when compared with Group 1a than with Group 2 (p = 0.018 and p = 0.007, respectively). When the FC levels of Group 1 (above 50) were compared to lower levels, the weight, BMI, waist circumference and waist circumference/height values were significantly higher (p = 0.006, p = 0.028, p = 0.035 and p = 0.026, respectively). CONCLUSION The FC level increased as a sign of intestinal inflammation in obese and NAFLD patients. This is directly proportional to the weight, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. It is thought that FC, which is easily applicable and an inexpensive biomarker, can be used safely in demonstrating the presence of intestinal inflammation in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Demirbaş
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kurupelit/Samsun 55200, Turkey.
| | - Gönül Çaltepe
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kurupelit/Samsun 55200, Turkey
| | - Atakan Comba
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kurupelit/Samsun 55200, Turkey
| | - Hasan Abbasguliyev
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kurupelit/Samsun 55200, Turkey
| | - Neval Yurttan Uyar
- Acibadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Gazi Kalaycı
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Kurupelit/Samsun 55200, Turkey
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19
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Liu Q, Liu L, Ratnayake R, Luesch H, Guo Y, Ye T. Nine‐Step
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Rhizonin A. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University 229 Taibai North Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Langlang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University 229 Taibai North Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Xili, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida Gainesville, Florida 32610 United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida Gainesville, Florida 32610 United States
| | - Yian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Xili, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Tao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Xili, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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20
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Rey E, Meléndez‐Rodríguez F, Marañón P, Gil‐Valle M, Carrasco AG, Torres‐Capelli M, Chávez S, del Pozo‐Maroto E, Rodríguez de Cía J, Aragonés J, García‐Monzón C, González‐Rodríguez Á. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α drives hepatosteatosis through the fatty acid translocase CD36. Liver Int 2020; 40:2553-2567. [PMID: 32432822 PMCID: PMC7539965 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia might contribute to hepatosteatosis, the earliest stage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis, remain still to be elucidated. We aimed to assess the impact of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) on the fatty acid translocase CD36 expression and function in vivo and in vitro. METHODS CD36 expression and intracellular lipid content were determined in hypoxic hepatocytes, and in hypoxic CD36- or HIF2α -silenced human liver cells. Histological analysis, and HIF2α and CD36 expression were evaluated in livers from animals in which von Hippel-Lindau (Vhl) gene is inactivated (Vhlf/f -deficient mice), or both Vhl and Hif2a are simultaneously inactivated (Vhlf/f Hif2α/f -deficient mice), and from 33 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 18 subjects with histologically normal liver. RESULTS In hypoxic hepatocytes, CD36 expression and intracellular lipid content were augmented. Noteworthy, CD36 knockdown significantly reduced lipid accumulation, and HIF2A gene silencing markedly reverted both hypoxia-induced events in hypoxic liver cells. Moreover livers from Vhlf/f -deficient mice showed histologic characteristics of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and increased CD36 mRNA and protein amounts, whereas both significantly decreased and NASH features markedly ameliorated in Vhlf/f Hif2αf/f -deficient mice. In addition, both HIF2α and CD36 were significantly overexpressed within the liver of NAFLD patients and, interestingly, a significant positive correlation between hepatic transcript levels of CD36 and erythropoietin (EPO), a HIF2α -dependent gene target, was observed in NAFLD patients. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that HIF2α drives lipid accumulation in human hepatocytes by upregulating CD36 expression and function, and could contribute to hepatosteatosis setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rey
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Florinda Meléndez‐Rodríguez
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Patricia Marañón
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Miriam Gil‐Valle
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Almudena G. Carrasco
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain,Present address:
Dpto. Ciencias Básicas de la SaludUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcónSpain
| | - Mar Torres‐Capelli
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Stephania Chávez
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Elvira del Pozo‐Maroto
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)MadridSpain
| | - Javier Rodríguez de Cía
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)MadridSpain
| | - Julián Aragonés
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Carmelo García‐Monzón
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)MadridSpain
| | - Águeda González‐Rodríguez
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)MadridSpain
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21
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N-Acetylcysteine Reduced Ischemia and Reperfusion Damage Associated with Steatohepatitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114106. [PMID: 32526845 PMCID: PMC7313069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a pharmacological alternative with great potential for reducing the deleterious effects of surgical procedures on patients with steatohepatitis. We evaluated the effect of NAC on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in C57BL/6J mice, 8 weeks-old, weighing 25-30 g, with steatohepatitis induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Groups: MCD group (steatohepatitis), MCD-I/R group (steatohepatitis plus 30 min of 70% liver ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion), MCD-I/R+NAC group (same as MCD-I/R group plus 150 mg/kg NAC 15 min before ischemia), and control group (normal AIN-93M diet). Liver enzymes and histopathology; nitrite and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) levels; pro-inflammatory cytokines; antioxidants enzymes; Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2) expression; and apoptosis were evaluated. In the group treated with NAC, reductions in inflammatory infiltration; AST (aspartate aminotransferase), nitrite, and TBARS levels; GPx (gutathione peroxidase) activity; cytokines synthesis; and number of apoptotic cells were observed while the GR (glutathione reductase) activity was increased. No differences were observed in Nfr2 expression or in SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and GST (glutathione S-transferase) activities. Thus, it may be concluded that NAC exerts beneficial effects on mice livers with steatohepatitis submitted to I/R by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cell death.
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22
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Wang H, Gao Q, He S, Bao Y, Sun H, Meng L, Liang J, Sun C, Chen S, Cao L, Huang W, Zhang Y, Huang J, Wu S, Wang T. Self-reported snoring is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9267. [PMID: 32518245 PMCID: PMC7283303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), studies on the direct relationship between NAFLD and snoring, an early symptom of OSAS, are limited. We evaluated whether snorers had higher risk of developing NAFLD. The study was performed using data of the Tongmei study (cross-sectional survey, 2,153 adults) and Kailuan study (ongoing prospective cohort, 19,587 adults). In both studies, NAFLD was diagnosed using ultrasound; snoring frequency was determined at baseline and classified as none, occasional (1 or 2 times/week), or habitual (≥3 times/week). Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic and Cox models, respectively. During 10 years’ follow-up in Kailuan, 4,576 individuals with new-onset NAFLD were identified at least twice. After adjusting confounders including physical activity, perceived salt intake, body mass index (BMI), and metabolic syndrome (MetS), multivariate-adjusted ORs and HRs for NAFLD comparing habitual snorers to non-snorers were 1.72 (1.25–2.37) and 1.29 (1.16–1.43), respectively. These associations were greater among lean participants (BMI < 24) and similar across other subgroups (sex, age, MetS, hypertension). Snoring was independently and positively associated with higher prevalence and incidence of NAFLD, indicating that habitual snoring is a useful predictor of NAFLD, particularly in lean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Simin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, Datong, 037003, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Liying Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, Datong, 037003, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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23
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Novo E, Bocca C, Foglia B, Protopapa F, Maggiora M, Parola M, Cannito S. Liver fibrogenesis: un update on established and emerging basic concepts. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108445. [PMID: 32524998 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrogenesis is defined as a dynamic and highly integrated process occurring during chronic injury to liver parenchyma that can result in excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (i.e., liver fibrosis). Liver fibrogenesis, together with chronic inflammatory response, is then primarily involved in the progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD) irrespective of the specific etiology. In the present review we will first offer a synthetic and updated overview of major basic concepts in relation to the role of myofibroblasts (MFs), macrophages and other hepatic cell populations involved in CLD to then offer an overview of established and emerging issues and mechanisms that have been proposed to favor and/or promote CLD progression. A special focus will be dedicated to selected issues that include emerging features in the field of cholangiopathies, the emerging role of genetic and epigenetic factors as well as of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and related mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Novo
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Bocca
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Beatrice Foglia
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Protopapa
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marina Maggiora
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Parola
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Stefania Cannito
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
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24
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Rubinsztajn A, Fouque D. Prolyl-hydroxylase domain inhibitors in chronic kidney disease, a promising alternative for erythropoiesis-stimulating agent. Eur J Intern Med 2020; 76:28-30. [PMID: 32327320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Rubinsztajn
- Division of Nephrology, Nutrition, Dialysis; Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - D Fouque
- Division of Nephrology, Nutrition, Dialysis; Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
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25
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Lo B, Marty-Gasset N, Manse H, Bannelier C, Bravo C, Domitile R, Rémignon H. Cellular markers of mule duck livers after force-feeding. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3567-3573. [PMID: 32616253 PMCID: PMC7597809 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The “Foie gras” or fatty liver is the result of hepatic steatosis from nutritional origin and induced by the force-feeding of palmipeds. Despite identical rearing and force-feeding conditions of ducks from the same breed, different liver weights, within a range of 500 to more than 700 g, are generally observed at the time of evisceration. To better understand the determinism of this large variability in fatty liver weights, the activity of various metabolic pathways has been explored in 4 groups of steatotic livers differing by their weights. Different analyses were performed using biochemical assays on metabolites as well as ELISA tests or enzyme activity assays. The result showed that an increase in the final liver weight is always associated with a hypoxic response and even a severe hypoxia observed in livers with the highest weights (more than 650 g). This is also combined with a rise in the cellular oxidative stress level. In addition, for the heaviest livers (more than 700 g), signs of cell death by apoptosis were also observed, while others programmed cell death pathways, such as ferroptosis or necroptosis, seemed to be nonactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara Lo
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Hélène Manse
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Carole Bannelier
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Céline Bravo
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Hervé Rémignon
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
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Kang YB(A, Eo J, Bulutoglu B, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. Progressive hypoxia-on-a-chip: An in vitro oxygen gradient model for capturing the effects of hypoxia on primary hepatocytes in health and disease. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:763-775. [PMID: 31736056 PMCID: PMC7015781 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is vital to the function of all tissues including the liver and lack of oxygen, that is, hypoxia can result in both acute and chronic injuries to the liver in vivo and ex vivo. Furthermore, a permanent oxygen gradient is naturally present along the liver sinusoid, which plays a role in the metabolic zonation and the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Accordingly, here, we introduce an in vitro microfluidic platform capable of actively creating a series of oxygen concentrations on a single continuous microtissue, ranging from normoxia to severe hypoxia. This range approximately captures both the physiologically relevant oxygen gradient generated from the portal vein to the central vein in the liver, and the severe hypoxia occurring in ischemia and liver diseases. Primary rat hepatocytes cultured in this microfluidic platform were exposed to an oxygen gradient of 0.3-6.9%. The establishment of an ascending hypoxia gradient in hepatocytes was confirmed in response to the decreasing oxygen supply. The hepatocyte viability in this platform decreased to approximately 80% along the hypoxia gradient. Simultaneously, a progressive increase in accumulation of reactive oxygen species and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α was observed with increasing hypoxia. These results demonstrate the induction of distinct metabolic and genetic responses in hepatocytes upon exposure to an oxygen (/hypoxia) gradient. This progressive hypoxia-on-a-chip platform can be used to study the role of oxygen and hypoxia-associated molecules in modeling healthy and injured liver tissues. Its use can be further expanded to the study of other hypoxic tissues such as tumors as well as the investigation of drug toxicity and efficacy under oxygen-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bok (Abraham) Kang
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- College of Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, USA
| | - Jinsu Eo
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beyza Bulutoglu
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - O. Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Lempesis IG, Meijel RLJ, Manolopoulos KN, Goossens GH. Oxygenation of adipose tissue: A human perspective. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13298. [PMID: 31077538 PMCID: PMC6916558 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disorder of excessive adiposity, and is associated with adverse health effects such as cardiometabolic complications, which are to a large extent attributable to dysfunctional white adipose tissue. Adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, impaired adipokine secretion, a chronic low‐grade inflammatory status, hormonal resistance and altered metabolic responses, together contributing to insulin resistance and related chronic diseases. Adipose tissue hypoxia, defined as a relative oxygen deficit, in obesity has been proposed as a potential contributor to adipose tissue dysfunction, but studies in humans have yielded conflicting results. Here, we will review the role of adipose tissue oxygenation in the pathophysiology of obesity‐related complications, with a specific focus on human studies. We will provide an overview of the determinants of adipose tissue oxygenation, as well as the role of adipose tissue oxygenation in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Finally, we will discuss the putative effects of physiological and experimental hypoxia on adipose tissue biology and whole‐body metabolism in humans. We conclude that several lines of evidence suggest that alteration of adipose tissue oxygenation may impact metabolic homeostasis, thereby providing a novel strategy to combat chronic metabolic diseases in obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Lempesis
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Rens L. J. Meijel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos N. Manolopoulos
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK
| | - Gijs H. Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
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28
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Klimontov VV, Bulumbaeva DM, Bgatova NP, Taskaeva IS, Orlov NB, Fazullina ON, Soluyanov MY, Savchenko SV, Konenkov VI. Serum adipokine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes: the relationships with distribution, hypertrophy and vascularization of subcutaneous adipose tissue. DIABETES MELLITUS 2019. [DOI: 10.14341/dm10129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction plays an important role in metabolic disorders in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The role of distribution, hypertrophy and vascularization of AT in adipokine secretion disturbances remain to be clarified.
AIMS: To determine the relationships between serum concentrations of adipokines and the mass and distribution of AT, diameter of adipocytes and vascularization of subcutaneous AT in patients with type 2 diabetes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 125 patients were examined, including 82 subjects with obesity. Thirty persons without diabetes and obesity, matched by sex and age, were acted as control. Concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin, adipsin and adiponectin in fasting serum were determined using multiplex analysis. Mass and distribution of AT was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Samples of SAT were obtained from umbilical region using a knife biopsy in 25 patients and in 15 individuals who died in accidents. Blood and lymphatic vessels in SAT were revealed with immunohistochemistry, using antibody to CD-34 and podoplanin respectively. The volume and numerical density, ultrastructure of blood and lymphatic vessels, and mean diameter of subcutaneous adipocytes were evaluated.
RESULTS: Patients with diabetes, as compared to control, had significantly higher levels of leptin, resistin, adipsin and visfatin (all p0.001). Adiponectin showed no differences. Concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin, adipsin and adiponectin correlated positively with gynoid fat mass. Additionally, leptin and adipsinshowed positive correlations with truncal and central abdominal fat mass. Concentration of leptin, but not other adipokines, was associated with hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipocytes. A decrease in volumetric density of microvessels(р=0.01) and increase in volume and numerical density of lymphatic vessels (both р=0.02) was observed in subcutaneous AT from diabetic subjects. The swelling of cytoplasm, mitochondria, cisterns of granular endoplasmic reticulum and reduced content of micropinocytotic vesicles was revealed in lymphatic capillaries. Resistin and visfatin showed inverse associations with density of microvessels.
CONCLUSION: Endocrine dysfunction of AT in patients with type 2 diabetes, manifested by elevation of serum concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin and adipsin, is associated with mass and distribution of AT, hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipocytes and vascularization abnormalities of subcutaneous AT.
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29
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A fat-tissue sensor couples growth to oxygen availability by remotely controlling insulin secretion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1955. [PMID: 31028268 PMCID: PMC6486587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms adapt their metabolism and growth to the availability of nutrients and oxygen, which are essential for development, yet the mechanisms by which this adaptation occurs are not fully understood. Here we describe an RNAi-based body-size screen in Drosophila to identify such mechanisms. Among the strongest hits is the fibroblast growth factor receptor homolog breathless necessary for proper development of the tracheal airway system. Breathless deficiency results in tissue hypoxia, sensed primarily in this context by the fat tissue through HIF-1a prolyl hydroxylase (Hph). The fat relays its hypoxic status through release of one or more HIF-1a-dependent humoral factors that inhibit insulin secretion from the brain, thereby restricting systemic growth. Independently of HIF-1a, Hph is also required for nutrient-dependent Target-of-rapamycin (Tor) activation. Our findings show that the fat tissue acts as the primary sensor of nutrient and oxygen levels, directing adaptation of organismal metabolism and growth to environmental conditions. The mechanisms by which organisms adapt their growth according to the availability of oxygen are incompletely understood. Here the authors identify the Drosophila fat body as a tissue regulating growth in response to oxygen sensing via a mechanism involving Hph inhibition, HIF1-a activation and insulin secretion.
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30
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Lefere S, Tacke F. Macrophages in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Crosstalk with metabolism. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:30-43. [PMID: 32149275 PMCID: PMC7052781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, and a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is intimately linked with other metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance. Metabolic diseases are driven by chronic inflammatory processes, in which macrophages perform essential roles. The polarization status of macrophages is itself influenced by metabolic stimuli such as fatty acids, which in turn affect the progression of metabolic dysfunction at multiple disease stages and in various tissues. For instance, adipose tissue macrophages respond to obesity, adipocyte stress and dietary factors by a specific metabolic and inflammatory programme that stimulates disease progression locally and in the liver. Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages represent ontologically distinct hepatic macrophage populations that perform a range of metabolic functions. These macrophages integrate signals from the gut-liver axis (related to dysbiosis, reduced intestinal barrier integrity, endotoxemia), from overnutrition, from systemic low-grade inflammation and from the local environment of a steatotic liver. This makes them central players in the progression of NAFLD to steatohepatitis (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH) and fibrosis. Moreover, the particular involvement of Kupffer cells in lipid metabolism, as well as the inflammatory activation of hepatic macrophages, may pathogenically link NAFLD/NASH and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we highlight the polarization, classification and function of macrophage subsets and their interaction with metabolic cues in the pathophysiology of obesity and NAFLD. Evidence from animal and clinical studies suggests that macrophage targeting may improve the course of NAFLD and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Lefere
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Hepatology/Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Janssen JJE, Grefte S, Keijer J, de Boer VCJ. Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and Its Regulation by B-Vitamins. Front Physiol 2019; 10:78. [PMID: 30809153 PMCID: PMC6379835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that control metabolic homeostasis and ATP generation, but also play an important role in other processes, like cell death decisions and immune signaling. Mitochondria produce a diverse array of metabolites that act in the mitochondria itself, but also function as signaling molecules to other parts of the cell. Communication of mitochondria with the nucleus by metabolites that are produced by the mitochondria provides the cells with a dynamic regulatory system that is able to respond to changing metabolic conditions. Dysregulation of the interplay between mitochondrial metabolites and the nucleus has been shown to play a role in disease etiology, such as cancer and type II diabetes. Multiple recent studies emphasize the crucial role of nutritional cofactors in regulating these metabolic networks. Since B-vitamins directly regulate mitochondrial metabolism, understanding the role of B-vitamins in mito-nuclear communication is relevant for therapeutic applications and optimal dietary lifestyle. In this review, we will highlight emerging concepts in mito-nuclear communication and will describe the role of B-vitamins in mitochondrial metabolite-mediated nuclear signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincent C. J. de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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32
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Jia X, Zhai T. Integrated Analysis of Multiple Microarray Studies to Identify Novel Gene Signatures in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:599. [PMID: 31551930 PMCID: PMC6736562 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a well-known cause of liver dysfunction and has become a common chronic liver disease in many countries. However, the intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD have not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: We obtained the gene expression datasets of NAFLD through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, robust rank aggregation (RRA) method was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NAFLD patients and controls. Gene functional annotation and PPI network analysis were performed to explore the potential function of the DEGs. Finally, we used a sequencing dataset GSE126848 to validate our results. Results: In this study, GSE48452, GSE66676, GSE72756, GSE63067, GSE89632, and GSE107231 were included, including 125 NAFLD patients and 116 control patients. The RRA integrated analysis determined 96 significant DEGs (50 up-regulated and 46 down-regulated) and the most significant gene aberrantly expressed in NAFLD was ENO3 (P-value = 7.17E-05), followed by CYP7A1 (P-value = 9.04E-05), and P4HA1 (P-value = 1.67E-04). Carboxylic acid metabolic process (GO:0019752; P-value = 1.39E-03) was the most significantly enriched for biological process in GO (gene ontology) analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that steroid hormone biosynthesis (hsa00140; P-value = 6.68E-03) and PPAR signaling pathway (hsa03320; P-value = 9.95E-03) were significantly enriched. Based on the results of the PPI and the results of the RRA, we finally defined the four most critical genes as the hub genes, including ENO3, CYP7A1, P4HA1, and CYP1A1. Conclusions: Our integrated analysis identified novel gene signatures and will contribute to the understanding of comprehensive molecular changes in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Jia
| | - Tianyu Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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The potential role of vascular alterations and subsequent impaired liver blood flow and hepatic hypoxia in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Med Hypotheses 2018; 122:188-197. [PMID: 30593409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum of disease ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. As there is currently no approved pharmacological therapy and the prevalence of NAFLD keeps increasing, understanding of its pathophysiology is crucial. We hypothesise that vascular alterations in early NAFLD play a role in the progression of the disease by inducing an increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and consequently relative hypoxia in the liver. Evidence of the detrimental effects of hypoxia in NAFLD has already been observed in liver surgery, where the outcomes of steatotic livers after ischaemia-reperfusion are worse than in healthy livers, and in obstructive sleep apnoea, which is an independent risk factor of NAFLD. Moreover, early histological damage in NAFLD is situated in the pericentral zone, which is also the first zone to be affected by a decreased oxygen tension because of the unique hepatic vacsular anatomy that causes the pericentral oxygen tension to be the lowest. Angiogenesis is also a characteristic of NAFLD, driven by hypoxia-induced mechanisms, as demonstrated in both animal models and in humans with NAFLD. Relative hypoxia is most probably induced by impaired blood flow to the liver, caused by increased intrahepatic vascular resistance. An increased intrahepatic vascular resistance early in the development of disease has been convincingly demonstrated in several animal models of NAFLD, whereas an increased portal pressure, a consequence of increased intrahepatic vascular resistance, has been proven in patients with NAFLD. Animal studies demonstrated a decreased intrahepatic effect of vasodilators and an increased reactivity to vasoconstrictors that results in an increased intrahepatic vascular resistance, thus the presence of a functional component. Pharmacological products that target vasoregulation can hence improve the intrahepatic vascular resistance and this might prevent or reverse progression of NAFLD, representing an important therapeutic option to study. Some of the drugs currently under evaluation in clinical trials for NASH have interesting properties related to the hepatic vasculature. Some other interesting drugs have been tested in animal models but further study in patients with NAFLD is warranted. In summary, in this paper we summarise the evidence that leads to the hypothesis that an increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and subsequent parenchymal hypoxia in early NAFLD is an important pathophysiological driving mechanism for the progression of the disease.
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VCE-004.8, A Multitarget Cannabinoquinone, Attenuates Adipogenesis and Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16092. [PMID: 30382123 PMCID: PMC6208444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, the endocannabinoid system (ECs) has emerged as a crucial player for the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism, and its pharmacological manipulation represents a novel strategy for the management of metabolic diseases. The discovery that VCE-004.8, a dual PPARγ and CB2 receptor agonist, also inhibits prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs) and activates the HIF pathway provided a rationale to investigate its effect in in vitro models of adipogenesis and in a murine model of metabolic syndrome, all processes critically regulated by these targets of VCE-004.8. In accordance with its different binding mode to PPARγ compared to rosiglitazone (RGZ), VCE-004.8 neither induced adipogenic differentiation, nor affected osteoblastogenesis. Daily administration of VCE-004.8 (20 mg/kg) to HFD mice for 3-wks induced a significant reduction in body weight gain, total fat mass, adipocyte volume and plasma triglycerides levels. VCE-004.8 could also significantly ameliorate glucose tolerance, reduce leptin levels (a marker of adiposity) and increase adiponectin and incretins (GLP-1 and GIP) levels. Remarkably, VCE-004.8 increased the FGF21 mRNA expression in white and brown adipose, as well as in a BAT cell line, qualifying cannabinoaminoquinones as a class of novel therapeutic candidates for the management of obesity and its common metabolic co-morbidities.
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Li M, Li X, Lu Y. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Metabolic Diseases. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2670-2675. [PMID: 29788220 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid changes in lifestyle in modern society, including the high nutritional intake and reduced physical activity, the incidence of metabolic diseases has been increasing year by year. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep disorder, usually characterized by sudden pauses of breathing during sleep and an interrupted sleep rhythm. Although the pathological mechanism remains poorly understood, it has been strongly associated with metabolic diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the present mini-review, we briefly summarize the connections between OSAS, obesity, T2DM, and NAFLD, which might help us to better understand the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Morello E, Sutti S, Foglia B, Novo E, Cannito S, Bocca C, Rajsky M, Bruzzì S, Abate ML, Rosso C, Bozzola C, David E, Bugianesi E, Albano E, Parola M. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α drives nonalcoholic fatty liver progression by triggering hepatocyte release of histidine-rich glycoprotein. Hepatology 2018; 67:2196-2214. [PMID: 29266399 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mechanisms underlying progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still incompletely characterized. Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, but the actual role of HIF-2α in the evolution of NAFLD has never been investigated in detail. In this study, we show that HIF-2α is selectively overexpressed in the cytosol and the nuclei of hepatocytes in a very high percentage (>90%) of liver biopsies from a cohort of NAFLD patients at different stages of the disease evolution. Similar features were also observed in mice with steatohepatitis induced by feeding a methionine/choline-deficient diet. Experiments performed in mice carrying hepatocyte-specific deletion of HIF-2α and related control littermates fed either a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined or a methionine/choline-deficient diet showed that HIF-2α deletion ameliorated the evolution of NAFLD by decreasing parenchymal injury, fatty liver, lobular inflammation, and the development of liver fibrosis. The improvement in NAFLD progression in HIF-2α-deficient mice was related to a selective down-regulation in the hepatocyte production of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRGP), recently proposed to sustain macrophage M1 polarization. In vitro experiments confirmed that the up-regulation of hepatocyte HRGP expression was hypoxia-dependent and HIF-2α-dependent. Finally, analyses performed on specimens from NAFLD patients indicated that HRGP was overexpressed in all patients showing hepatocyte nuclear staining for HIF-2α and revealed a significant positive correlation between HIF-2α and HRGP liver transcript levels in these patients. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that hepatocyte HIF-2α activation is a key feature in both human and experimental NAFLD and significantly contributes to the disease progression through the up-regulation of HRGP production. (Hepatology 2018;67:2196-2214).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Morello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sutti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University Amedeo Avogadro of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Foglia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Erica Novo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Cannito
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Bocca
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Rajsky
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruzzì
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University Amedeo Avogadro of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Bozzola
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University Amedeo Avogadro of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Ezio David
- Pathology Unit, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Albano
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University Amedeo Avogadro of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Parola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Hirakawa Y, Mizukami K, Yoshihara T, Takahashi I, Khulan P, Honda T, Mimura I, Tanaka T, Tobita S, Nangaku M. Intravital phosphorescence lifetime imaging of the renal cortex accurately measures renal hypoxia. Kidney Int 2018; 93:1483-1489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Underrated enemy - from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Clin Exp Hepatol 2018; 4:55-71. [PMID: 29904722 PMCID: PMC6000748 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2018.75955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is intrahepatic ectopic lipid deposition which is present despite a lack of other causes of secondary hepatic fat accumulation. It is the most common chronic liver disorder in the welldeveloped countries. NAFLD is a multidisciplinary disease that affects various systems and organs and is inextricably linked to simple obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and overt diabetes mellitus type 2. The positive energy balance related to obesity leads to a variety of systemic changes including modified levels of insulin, insulin- like growth factor-1, adipokines, hepatokines and cytokines. It is strongly linked to carcinogenesis and new evidence proves that NAFLD is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality among cancer survivors. This article focuses on the association between NAFLD and extrahepatic gastrointestinal tract cancers, aiming to shed light on the pathomechanism of changes leading to the development of tumors.
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Ouyang X, Han SN, Zhang JY, Dioletis E, Nemeth BT, Pacher P, Feng D, Bataller R, Cabezas J, Stärkel P, Caballeria J, Pongratz RL, Cai SY, Schnabl B, Hoque R, Chen Y, Yang WH, Garcia-Martinez I, Wang FS, Gao B, Torok NJ, Kibbey RG, Mehal WZ. Digoxin Suppresses Pyruvate Kinase M2-Promoted HIF-1α Transactivation in Steatohepatitis. Cell Metab 2018; 27:339-350.e3. [PMID: 29414684 PMCID: PMC5806149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sterile inflammation after tissue damage is a ubiquitous response, yet it has the highest amplitude in the liver. This has major clinical consequences, for alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH and NASH) account for the majority of liver disease in industrialized countries and both lack therapy. Requirements for sustained sterile inflammation include increased oxidative stress and activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway. We demonstrate the ability of digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, to protect from liver inflammation and damage in ASH and NASH. Digoxin was effective in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and suppressing HIF-1α pathway activation. A proteomic screen revealed that digoxin binds pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and independently of PKM2 kinase activity results in chromatin remodeling and downregulation of HIF-1α transactivation. These data identify PKM2 as a mediator and therapeutic target for regulating liver sterile inflammation, and demonstrate a novel role for digoxin that can effectively protect the liver from ASH and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Evangelos Dioletis
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Balazs Tamas Nemeth
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joaquin Cabezas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joan Caballeria
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Shi-Ying Cai
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rafaz Hoque
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yonglin Chen
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wei-Hong Yang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bin Gao
- NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalie Julia Torok
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Wajahat Zafar Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; West Haven Veterans Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Mejía SÁ, Gutman LAB, Camarillo CO, Navarro RM, Becerra MCS, Santana LD, Cruz M, Pérez EH, Flores MD. Nicotinamide prevents sweet beverage-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by regulating the G6PD, NADPH/NADP + and GSH/GSSG ratios and reducing oxidative and inflammatory stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:499-507. [PMID: 29069580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of redox state homeostasis, the overexpression of lipogenic transcription factors and enzymes, and the increase in lipogenic precursors induced by sweetened beverages are determinants of the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study evaluated the action of nicotinamide (NAM) on the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and redox, oxidative, and inflammatory states in a model of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis induced by high and chronic consumption of carbohydrates. Male rats were provided drinking water with 30% glucose or fructose ad libitum for 12 weeks. Additionally, 30 days after the beginning of carbohydrate administration, some rats were simultaneously provided water with 0.06% or 0.12% NAM for 5h daily over the next 8 weeks. Biochemical profiles and expression levels of G6PD, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were evaluated together with glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H/NAD(P)] ratios and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The results showed that hepatic steatosis induced by the chronic consumption of glucose or fructose was associated with body weight gain and increased levels of serum glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, transaminases, and TBARS. In the liver, the expression and activity of G6PD increased along with the GSSG, TBARS, and TG concentrations. These alterations were reduced by NAM treatment through the attenuation of increases in G6PD expression and activity and in the NADPH/NADP+ ratio, thereby slowing liver steatosis. NAM prevents redox, oxidative, and inflammatory alterations induced by high carbohydrate consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Ángeles Mejía
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Arturo Baiza Gutman
- Laboratorio en Biología del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, México
| | - Clara Ortega Camarillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Medina Navarro
- Departamento de Metabolismo Experimental, Centro para la Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán (CIBIMI-IMSS), Michoacán, México
| | - Martha Catalina Sánchez Becerra
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leticia Damasio Santana
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elizabeth Hernández Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Margarita Díaz Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature 2017; 542:177-185. [PMID: 28179656 DOI: 10.1038/nature21363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1371] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation and management of energy, substrate diversity and quantity, as well as macromolecular synthesis and breakdown processes, are fundamental to cellular and organismal survival and are paramount to health. Cellular and multicellular organization are defended by the immune response, a robust and critical system through which self is distinguished from non-self, pathogenic signals are recognized and eliminated, and tissue homeostasis is safeguarded. Many layers of evolutionarily conserved interactions occur between immune response and metabolism. Proper maintenance of this delicate balance is crucial for health and has important implications for many pathological states such as obesity, diabetes, and other chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 predicts significant liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1207-1213. [PMID: 28461687 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. NAFLD often presents as simple steatosis (NAFL) but can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Current non-invasive biomarkers are not tailored to identify significant (⩾F2) fibrosis, although recent guidelines recommend a stringent follow-up of this patient population. We and others have reported on the role of pathological angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, highlighting pro-angiogenic factors as potential diagnostic markers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the applicability of angiogenic and endothelial dysfunction markers as non-invasive diagnostic tools for NASH or NASH-associated fibrosis in obese patients. METHODS In a prospective cross-sectional study, male patients undergoing bariatric surgery (n=61) and control patients (n=35) were recruited. Serum protein levels and visceral adipose tissue gene expression of endothelial dysfunction and angiogenic markers were analyzed by multiplex bead-based assay and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. For validation, we recruited a second cohort of patients undergoing bariatric surgery (n=40) and a cohort of NAFLD patients from our outpatient clinic (n=30). RESULTS We identified serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as an independent predictor for ⩾F2 fibrosis (median 14.0 vs 8.7 ng ml-1 in patients with and without significant fibrosis; P<0.0001) with an area under the receiver-operating characteristics (AUROC) curve of 0.80. The cutoff point of 13.2 ng ml-1 showed a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 83%. In line with these results, VCAM-1 visceral adipose tissue gene expression was also elevated in patients with fibrosis (P=0.030). In the bariatric surgery and clinical validation cohorts, VCAM-1 displayed similar AUROCs of 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. CONCLUSIONS VCAM-1 levels are able to accurately predict significant (⩾F2) fibrosis in NAFLD patients.
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Oxygen imaging of living cells and tissues using luminescent molecular probes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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