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Zhang Y, Shi C, Wu H, Yan H, Xia M, Jiao H, Zhou D, Wu W, Zhong M, Lou W, Gao X, Bian H, Chang X. Characteristics of changes in plasma proteome profiling after sleeve gastrectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1330139. [PMID: 38375199 PMCID: PMC10875463 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1330139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS), recognized as the most effective intervention for morbid obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities, encompasses both weight loss-dependent and weight loss-independent mechanisms to exert its metabolic benefits. In this study, we employed plasma proteomics technology, a recently developed mass spectrometric approach, to quantitatively assess 632 circulating proteins in a longitudinal cohort of 9 individuals who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Through time series clustering and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, we observed that complement activation, proteolysis, and negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process were the primary biological processes enriched in down-regulated proteins. Conversely, up-regulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were significantly associated with negative regulation of peptidase activity, fibrinolysis, keratinocyte migration, and acute-phase response. Notably, we identified seven proteins (ApoD, BCHE, CNDP1, AFM, ITIH3, SERPINF1, FCN3) that demonstrated significant alterations at 1-, 3-, and 6-month intervals post SG, compared to baseline. These proteins play essential roles in metabolism, immune and inflammatory responses, as well as oxidative stress. Consequently, they hold promising potential as therapeutic targets for combating obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenye Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifu Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxia Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chmielewska K, Vittorio S, Gervasoni S, Dzierzbicka K, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Vistoli G. Human carnosinases: A brief history, medicinal relevance, and in silico analyses. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103860. [PMID: 38128717 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, has been found to have a plethora of medicinal properties, such as antioxidant, antiageing, and chelating effects, but with one downside: a short half-life. Carnosinases and two hydrolytic enzymes, which remain enigmatic, are responsible for these features. Hence, here we emphasize why research is valuable for better understanding crucial concepts like ageing, neurodegradation, and cancerogenesis, given that inhibition of carnosinases might significantly prolong carnosine bioavailability and allow its further use in medicine. Herein, we explore the literature regarding carnosinases and present a short in silico analysis aimed at elucidating the possible recognition pattern between CN1 and its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Chmielewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gervasoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy; Physics Department, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP 8 km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Caruso G, Scalisi EM, Pecoraro R, Cardaci V, Privitera A, Truglio E, Capparucci F, Jarosova R, Salvaggio A, Caraci F, Brundo MV. Effects of carnosine on the embryonic development and TiO 2 nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress on Zebrafish. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1148766. [PMID: 37035814 PMCID: PMC10078361 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1148766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is due to an unbalance between pro-oxidants, such as reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, and antioxidants/antioxidant system. Under physiological conditions these species are involved in different cellular processes such as cellular homeostasis and immune response, while an excessive production of ROS/RNS has been linked to the development of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. In this context, the naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine has shown the ability to scavenge ROS, counteract lipid peroxidation, and inhibit proteins oxidation. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have been widely used to produce cosmetics, in wastewater treatment, in food industry, and in healthcare product. As consequence, these NPs are often released into aquatic environments. The Danio rerio (commonly called zebrafish) embryos exposure to TiO2-NPs did not affect the hatching rate, but induced oxidative stress. According to this scenario, in the present study, we first investigated the effects of carnosine exposure and of a sub-toxic administration of TiO2-NPs on the development and survival of zebrafish embryos/larvae measured through the acute embryo toxicity test (FET-Test). Zebrafish larvae represent a useful model to study oxidative stress-linked disorders and to test antioxidant molecules, while carnosine was selected based on its well-known multimodal mechanism of action that includes a strong antioxidant activity. Once the basal effects of carnosine were assessed, we then evaluated its effects on TiO2-NPs-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae, measured in terms of total ROS production (measured with 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probe) and protein expression by immunohistochemistry of two cellular stress markers, 70 kDa-heat shock protein (Hsp70) and metallothioneins (MTs). We demonstrated that carnosine did not alter the phenotypes of both embryos and larvae of zebrafish at different hours post fertilization. Carnosine was instead able to significantly decrease the enhancement of ROS levels in zebrafish larvae exposed to TiO2-NPs and its antioxidant effect was paralleled by the rescue of the protein expression levels of Hsp70 and MTs. Our results suggest a therapeutic potential of carnosine as a new pharmacological tool in the context of pathologies characterized by oxidative stress such as neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardaci
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Privitera
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Truglio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Romana Jarosova
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | | | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Kumar A, Rhee M. Transcriptomic networks of gba3 governing specification of the dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish embryos. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1543-1554. [PMID: 36181626 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular networks associated with dopaminergic (DA) neurogenesis remain undefined within mammalian models. To address this issue, the transient zebrafish model lmx1al: EGFP was generated, which expresses GFP in the DA precursor cells as well as in the DA neurons of the ventral diencephalon (VD). We found that the novel pseudogene gba3 has not been well studied in zebrafish neurogenesis. OBJECTIVE Crucial networks associated with gba3 transcripts were investigated because the biological functions of these networks have not been reported in DA neurogenesis in zebrafish. METHODS RNA isolation and sequencing were employed with GFP-expressing cells from 20-, 22-, and 24 h post-fertilization (hpf), while subsequent transcriptomic analysis generated differentially expressed genes with DA neurogenesis (DEG-DA) list. Hierarchical cluster analysis provided absolute guidance for the collection of gba3, an essential transcript that is strictly spatiotemporally expressed during DA neurogenesis, which was proven with whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and knockdown and rescue of the gba3 transcripts in zebrafish embryos. RESULTS The gba3 transcripts were restricted to the midbrain at 24 hpf and the midbrain and pectoral fins at 30 hpf in zebrafish embryos. Functional studies with knockdown of gba3 found a diminished state in the midbrain and midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) and an underdeveloped condition in the anteroposterior and dorsolateral axis relative to the wild type (WT) at 24 hpf. However, it was recovered after forced expression of gba3 transcripts at 24 hpf. Molecular markers for the DA precursors and mature neurons lmx1al, nurr1, th, and pitx3 were analyzed in the gba3 MOs. The levels of transcripts lmx1al, nurr1, and th were significantly reduced in the midbrain ventral diencephalon (VD) and hindbrain of gba3 morphants compared to the WT at 24 hpf, while expression patterns of pitx3 transcripts showed no differences in the identical regions between gba3 MOs and the controls. CONCLUSIONS We discuss transcriptional networks in which transcripts of gba3 plausibly govern the specification of dopaminergic neurogenesis in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 plus program, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea. .,Laboratory of Neural Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Myungchull Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 plus program, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
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Zebrafish: A Model to Study and Understand the Diabetic Nephropathy and Other Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070312. [PMID: 35878329 PMCID: PMC9323928 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications are a worldwide public health problem, affecting people from all developed and developing countries. Hyperglycemia can cause damage to the vascular system and dysfunction of organs, such as the kidneys, heart, retina of the eyes, and nerves. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe micro-vascular complications, which can lead to ESRD (end-stage renal disease). Zebrafish are ideal for wide-scale analysis or screening, due to their small size, quick growth, transparent embryos, vast number of offspring, and gene similarity with humans, which combine to make zebrafish an ideal model for diabetes. The readily available tools for gene editing using morpholinos or CRISPR/Cas9, as well as chemical/drug therapy by microinjection or skin absorption, enable zebrafish diabetes mellitus models to be established in a number of ways. In this review, we emphasize the physiological and pathological processes relating to micro-vascular problems in zebrafish, as well as the many experimental zebrafish models used to research DN, and the DN-related outcomes and mechanisms observed in zebrafish. This study specifies the benefits and drawbacks and future perspective of using zebrafish as a disease model. Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic illness that has had a worldwide impact and placed an unsustainable load on both developed and developing countries’ health care systems. According to the International Diabetes Federation, roughly 537 million individuals had diabetes in 2021, with type 2 diabetes mellitus accounting for the majority of cases (T2DM). T2DM is a chronic illness defined by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic islet cells. T2DM generates various micro and macrovascular problems, with diabetic nephropathy (DN) being one of the most serious microvascular consequences, and which can lead to end-stage renal disease. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has set the way for its future as a disease model organism. As numerous essential developmental processes, such as glucose metabolism and reactive metabolite production pathways, have been identified in zebrafish that are comparable to those seen in humans, it is a good model for studying diabetes and its consequences. It also has many benefits over other vertebrate models, including the permeability of its embryos to small compounds, disease-driven therapeutic target selection, in vivo validation, and deconstruction of biological networks. The organism can also be utilized to investigate and understand the genetic abnormalities linked to the onset of diabetes problems. Zebrafish may be used to examine and visualize the growth, morphology, and function of organs under normal physiological and diabetic settings. The zebrafish has become one of the most useful models for studying DN, especially when combined with genetic alterations and/or mutant or transgenic fish lines. The significant advancements of CRISPR and next-generation sequencing technology for disease modelling in zebrafish, as well as developments in molecular and nano technologies, have advanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of several human diseases, including DN. In this review, we emphasize the physiological and pathological processes relating to microvascular problems in zebrafish, as well as the many experimental zebrafish models used to research DN, and the DN-related outcomes and mechanisms observed in zebrafish.
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Heinkele FJ, Lou B, Erben V, Bennewitz K, Poschet G, Sticht C, Kroll J. Metabolic and Transcriptional Adaptations Improve Physical Performance of Zebrafish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101581. [PMID: 34679716 PMCID: PMC8533608 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide public health problem with increasing prevalence and affects 80% of diabetes mellitus type 2 cases. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an established model organism for studying obesity and diabetes including diabetic microvascular complications. We aimed to determine whether physical activity is an appropriate tool to examine training effects in zebrafish and to analyse metabolic and transcriptional processes in trained zebrafish. A 2- and 8-week experimental training phase protocol with adult zebrafish in a swim tunnel system was established. We examined zebrafish basic characteristics before and after training such as body weight, body length and maximum speed and considered overfeeding as an additional parameter in the 8-weeks training protocol. Ultimately, the effects of training and overfeeding on blood glucose, muscle core metabolism and liver gene expression using RNA-Seq were investigated. Zebrafish maximum speed was correlated with body length and was significantly increased after 2 weeks of training. Maximum swim speed further increased after 8 weeks of training in both the normal-fed and the overfed groups, but training was found not to be sufficient in preventing weight gain in overfed fish. Metabolome and transcriptome profiling in trained fish exhibited increased blood glucose levels in the short-term and upregulated energy supply pathways as well as response to oxidative stress in the long-term. In conclusion, swim training is a valuable tool to study the effects of physical activity in zebrafish, which is accompanied by metabolic and transcriptional adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska J. Heinkele
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.J.H.); (B.L.); (V.E.); (K.B.)
| | - Bowen Lou
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.J.H.); (B.L.); (V.E.); (K.B.)
| | - Vanessa Erben
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.J.H.); (B.L.); (V.E.); (K.B.)
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.J.H.); (B.L.); (V.E.); (K.B.)
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.J.H.); (B.L.); (V.E.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)621-383-71455
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7
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Vergès-Castillo A, González-Vargas IA, Muñoz-Cueto JA, Martín-Robles ÁJ, Pendon C. Establishment and characterisation of single cell-derived embryonic stem cell lines from the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110626. [PMID: 34044158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An important bottleneck in fish aquaculture research is the supply and maintenance of embryos, larvae, juvenile and adult specimens. In this context, cell lines represent alternative experimental models for in vitro studies that complement in vivo assays. This allows us to perform easier experimental design and sampling and avoid the sacrifice of animals. Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines have attracted increasing attention because they have the capability to proliferate indefinitely and could be differentiated into any cell type of the organism. To minimise cell heterogeneity and increase uniformity of in vitro studies results, in this manuscript we report the development and characterisation of two single cell-derived ES cell lines (monoclonal) from the morula stage embryos of the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, named as SAEC-A3 and SAEC-H7. Both cell lines have been passaged for over 100 times, indicating the establishment of long-term, immortalised ES cell cultures. Sequence analyses confirmed the seabream origin of the cell lines, and growth analyses evidenced their high viability and proliferating activity, particularly in culture medium supplemented with 10-15% fetal bovine serum and 22 °C. Both cell lines showed the ability to generate embryoid bodies and show different sensitivity and response to all-trans retinoic acid. The analysis of epithelial (col1α1) and neuronal (sox3) markers in differentiated cultures revealed that SAEC-A3 tended to differentiate towards epithelial-like cells whereas SAEC-H7 tended to differentiate towards neuronal-like cells. Both cell lines were efficiently transfected with pDsRed2-ER and/or pEGFP-N1 plasmids, indicating that they could represent useful biotechnological tools. Daily expression of pcna showed significant expression rhythms, with maximum levels of cell proliferation during the day-night transition. Currently, these cell lines are being successfully used as experimental models for the study of cellular metabolism, physiology and rhythms as well as for toxicological, pharmacological and gene expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vergès-Castillo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - I A González-Vargas
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - J A Muñoz-Cueto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; INMAR Research Institute, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), The European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Á J Martín-Robles
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; INMAR Research Institute, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), The European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - C Pendon
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; INBIO, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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8
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Li X, Schmöhl F, Qi H, Bennewitz K, Tabler CT, Poschet G, Hell R, Volk N, Poth T, Hausser I, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. Regulation of Gluconeogenesis by Aldo-keto-reductase 1a1b in Zebrafish. iScience 2020; 23:101763. [PMID: 33251496 PMCID: PMC7683270 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of glucose homeostasis is a fundamental process to maintain blood glucose at a physiological level, and its dysregulation is associated with the development of several metabolic diseases. Here, we report on a zebrafish mutant for Aldo-keto-reductase 1a1b (akr1a1b) as a regulator of gluconeogenesis. Adult akr1a1b−/− mutant zebrafish developed fasting hypoglycemia, which was caused by inhibiting phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression as rate-limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis. Subsequently, glucogenic amino acid glutamate as substrate for gluconeogenesis accumulated in the kidneys, but not in livers, and induced structural and functional pronephros alterations in 48-hpf akr1a1b−/− embryos. Akr1a1b−/− mutants displayed increased nitrosative stress as indicated by increased nitrotyrosine, and increased protein-S-nitrosylation. Inhibition of nitrosative stress using the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME prevented kidney damage and normalized PEPCK expression in akr1a1b−/− mutants. Thus, the data have identified Akr1a1b as a regulator of gluconeogenesis in zebrafish and thereby controlling glucose homeostasis. Adult akr1a1b−/− mutant zebrafish develop fasting hypoglycemia Loss of Akr1a1b inhibits renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression Accumulation of glucogenic amino acid glutamate alters the kidney in akr1a1b mutants Akr1a1b regulates gluconeogenesis via protein-S-nitrosylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Li
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Felix Schmöhl
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Haozhe Qi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Christoph T Tabler
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nadine Volk
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tanja Poth
- CMCP - Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Electron Microscopy Lab, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, München, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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9
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A Global Cndp1-Knock-Out Selectively Increases Renal Carnosine and Anserine Concentrations in an Age- and Gender-Specific Manner in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144887. [PMID: 32664451 PMCID: PMC7402351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosinase 1 (CN1) is encoded by the Cndp1 gene and degrades carnosine and anserine, two natural histidine-containing dipeptides. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest carnosine- and anserine-mediated protection against long-term sequelae of reactive metabolites accumulating, e.g., in diabetes mellitus. We have characterized the metabolic impact of CN1 in 11- and 55-week-old Cndp1-knockout (Cndp1-KO) mice and litter-matched wildtypes (WT). In Cndp1-KO mice, renal carnosine and anserine concentrations were gender-specifically increased 2- to 9-fold, respectively in the kidney and both most abundant in the renal cortex, but remained unchanged in all other organs and in serum. Renal oxidized/reduced glutathione concentrations, renal morphology and function were unaltered. In Cndp1-KO mice at week 11, renal asparagine, serine and glutamine levels and at week 55, renal arginine concentration were reduced. Renal heat-shock-protein 70 (Hspa1a/b) mRNA declined with age in WT but not in Cndp1-KO mice, transcription factor heat-shock-factor 1 was higher in 55-week-old KO mice. Fasting blood glucose concentrations decreased with age in WT mice, but were unchanged in Cndp1-KO mice. Blood glucose response to intraperitoneal insulin was gender- but not genotype-dependent, the response to intraperitoneal glucose injection was similar in all groups. A global Cndp1-KO selectively, age- and gender-specifically, increases renal carnosine and anserine concentrations, alters renal amino acid- and HSP70 profile and modifies systemic glucose homeostasis. Increase of the natural occurring carnosine and anserine levels in the kidney by modulation of CN1 represents a promising therapeutic approach to mitigate or prevent chronic kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy.
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Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Ohhara Y, Kawashima T, Ohishi Y, Kayashima Y. Loss of CNDP causes a shorter lifespan and higher sensitivity to oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Biomed Res 2020; 41:131-138. [PMID: 32522930 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.41.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress seems to be the result of an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses. During the course of aging, oxidative stress causes tissue/cellular damage, which is implicated in numerous age-related diseases. Carnosinase (CN or CNDP) is dipeptidase, which is associated with carnosine and/or glutathione (GSH) metabolism, those are the most abundant naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide and tripeptides with antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study, we generated Drosophila cndp (dcndp) mutant flies using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to study the roles of dcndp in vivo. We demonstrate that dcndp mutant flies exhibit shorter lifespan and increased sensitivity to paraquat or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress. These results suggest that dcndp maintains homeostatic conditions, protecting cells and tissues against the harmful effects of oxidative stress in the course of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yuya Ohhara
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takumi Kawashima
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yoshitatsu Ohishi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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11
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Wiggenhauser LM, Qi H, Stoll SJ, Metzger L, Bennewitz K, Poschet G, Krenning G, Hillebrands JL, Hammes HP, Kroll J. Activation of Retinal Angiogenesis in Hyperglycemic pdx1 -/- Zebrafish Mutants. Diabetes 2020; 69:1020-1031. [PMID: 32139597 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Progression from the initial vascular response upon hyperglycemia to a proliferative stage with neovacularizations is the hallmark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Here, we report on the novel diabetic pdx1 -/- zebrafish mutant as a model for diabetic retinopathy that lacks the transcription factor pdx1 through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout leading to disturbed pancreatic development and hyperglycemia. Larval pdx1 -/- mutants prominently show vasodilation of blood vessels through increased vascular thickness in the hyaloid network as direct developmental precursor of the adult retinal vasculature in zebrafish. In adult pdx1 -/- mutants, impaired glucose homeostasis induces increased hyperbranching and hypersprouting with new vessel formation in the retina and aggravation of the vascular alterations from the larval to the adult stage. Both vascular aspects respond to antiangiogenic and antihyperglycemic pharmacological interventions in the larval stage and are accompanied by alterations in the nitric oxide metabolism. Thus, the pdx1 -/- mutant represents a novel model to study mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced retinopathy wherein extensive proangiogenic alterations in blood vessel morphology and metabolic alterations underlie the vascular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Wiggenhauser
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Haozhe Qi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra J Stoll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lena Metzger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Pathology Section, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Fifth Medical Department and European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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12
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Kim JT, Li VL, Terrell SM, Fischer CR, Long JZ. Family-wide Annotation of Enzymatic Pathways by Parallel In Vivo Metabolomics. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1623-1629.e3. [PMID: 31587987 PMCID: PMC6874721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes catalyze fundamental biochemical reactions that control cellular and organismal homeostasis. Here we present an approach for de novo biochemical pathway discovery across entire mammalian enzyme families using parallel viral transduction in mice and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Applying this method to the M20 peptidases uncovers both known pathways of amino acid metabolism as well as a previously unknown CNDP2-regulated pathway for threonyl dipeptide catabolism. Ablation of CNDP2 in mice elevates threonyl dipeptides across multiple tissues, establishing the physiologic relevance of our biochemical assignments. Taken together, these data underscore the utility of parallel in vivo metabolomics for the family-wide discovery of enzymatic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon T Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie M Terrell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Curt R Fischer
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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