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Zhu J, Ma M, Chen X, Xiong C, Ju Y, Chunhui T. Novel mutation in the IGHMBP2 gene in spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1: A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35415. [PMID: 39170411 PMCID: PMC11337098 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disease. Immunoglobulin μ-binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2) gene mutations are the main cause of SMARD1. Case presentation Here we describe a female infant with SMARD1 carrying heterozygous mutations in IGHMBP2 genes, c.1334A > C(p.His445Pro) and c.1666C > G(p.His556Asp), which were inherited from both parents. Clinical presentations included frequent respiratory infections, respiratory failure, distal limb muscle weakness, and fat pad found at the distal toe. Conclusions c.1666C > G(p.His556Asp) is a novel site mutation in IGHMBP2. This case expanded knowledge on the genetic profile of SMARD1 and it provides a basis for genetic testing of parents and for genetic counseling to assess the risk of fetal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicai Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Medical School & Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Minming Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Medical School & Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Medical School & Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Caiyun Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Medical School & Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Medical School & Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tang Chunhui
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Medical School & Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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2
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Leśniak A, Glińska M, Patalan M, Ostrowska I, Świrska-Sobolewska M, Giżewska-Kacprzak K, Kotkowiak A, Leśniak A, Walczak M, Śmigiel R, Giżewska M. The Clinical Heterogeneity of Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Respiratory Distress Type 1 (SMARD1)-A Report of Three Cases, Including Twins. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:997. [PMID: 39202358 PMCID: PMC11353554 DOI: 10.3390/genes15080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1; OMIM #604320, ORPHA:98920) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital motor neuron disease. It is caused by variants in the IGHMBP2 gene. Clinically, it presents with respiratory failure due to diaphragmatic paralysis, progressive muscle weakness starting in the distal parts of the limbs, dysphagia, and damage to sensory and autonomic nerves. Unlike spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), SMARD1 has a distinct genetic etiology and is not detected in the population newborn screening programs. Most children with SMARD1 do not survive beyond the first year of life due to progressive respiratory failure. Artificial ventilation can prolong survival, but no specific treatment is available. Therapy focuses on mechanical ventilation and improving the patient's quality of life. Research into gene therapy is ongoing. We report three female patients with SMARD1, including twins from a triplet pregnancy. In twin sisters (patient no. 1 and patient no. 2), two heterozygous variants in the IGHMBP2 gene were identified: c.595G>C/p.Ala199Pro and c.1615_1623del/p.Ser539_Tyr541del. In patient no. 3, a variant c.1478C>T/p.Thr493Ile and a variant c.439C>T/p.Arg147* in the IGHMBP2 gene were detected. Our findings underscore the variability of clinical presentations, even among patients sharing the same pathogenic variants in the IGHMBP2 gene, and emphasize the importance of early genetic diagnosis in patients presenting with respiratory failure, with or without associated diaphragmatic muscle paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Leśniak
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Glińska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Michał Patalan
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Iwona Ostrowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Monika Świrska-Sobolewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Kaja Giżewska-Kacprzak
- Department of Pediatric and Oncological Surgery, Urology and Hand Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Prof. Tadeusz Sokołowski University Clinical Hospital No. 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agata Kotkowiak
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anna Leśniak
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Mieczysław Walczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Giżewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
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3
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Zhou C, Chen Z, Chen Q, Feng X. Case report: Heterozygous variation in the IGHMBP2 gene leading to spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1289625. [PMID: 38872814 PMCID: PMC11169606 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1289625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A rare autosomal recessive genetic disease is spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD 1; OMIM #604320), which is characterized by progressive distal limb muscle weakness, muscular atrophy, and early onset of respiratory failure. Herein, we report the case of a 4-month-old female infant with SMARD type 1 who was admitted to our hospital owing to unexplained distal limb muscle weakness and early respiratory failure. This report summarizes the characteristics of SMARD type 1 caused by heterozygous variation in the immunoglobulin mu DNA binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2) gene by analyzing its clinical manifestations, genetic variation characteristics, and related examinations, aiming to deepen clinicians' understanding of the disease, assisting pediatricians in providing medical information to parents and improving the decision-making process involved in establishing life support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoai Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Zefu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Xiaowei Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
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4
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Jablonka S, Yildirim E. Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in SMARD1-Insights from Animal Models and Cell Models. Biomedicines 2024; 12:845. [PMID: 38672198 PMCID: PMC11048220 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is a fatal childhood motoneuron disease caused by mutations in the IGHMBP2 gene. It is characterized by muscle weakness, initially affecting the distal extremities due to the degeneration of spinal α-motoneurons, and respiratory distress, due to the paralysis of the diaphragm. Infantile forms with a severe course of the disease can be distinguished from juvenile forms with a milder course. Mutations in the IGHMBP2 gene have also been found in patients with peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2S (CMT2S). IGHMBP2 is an ATP-dependent 5'→3' RNA helicase thought to be involved in translational mechanisms. In recent years, several animal models representing both SMARD1 forms and CMT2S have been generated to initially study disease mechanisms. Later, the models showed very well that both stem cell therapies and the delivery of the human IGHMBP2 cDNA by AAV9 approaches (AAV9-IGHMBP2) can lead to significant improvements in disease symptoms. Therefore, the SMARD1 animal models, in addition to the cellular models, provide an inexhaustible source for obtaining knowledge of disease mechanisms, disease progression at the cellular level, and deeper insights into the development of therapies against SMARD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Jablonka
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
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5
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Hayes LH, Darras BT. Neuromuscular problems of the critically Ill neonate and child. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2024; 49:101123. [PMID: 38677802 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2024.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Acute neuromuscular disorders occasionally occur in the Pediatric Neurologic Intensive Care Unit. Many of these are primary disorders of the motor unit that may present acutely or exacerbate during an intercurrent illness. Additionally, acute neuromuscular disorders may develop during an acute systemic illness requiring intensive care management that predispose the child to another set of acute motor unit disorders. This chapter discusses acute neuromuscular crises in the infant, toddler, and adolescent, as well as neuromuscular disorders resulting from critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie H Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Basil T Darras
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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6
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Tian Y, Xing J, Shi Y, Yuan E. Exploring the relationship between IGHMBP2 gene mutations and spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2S: a systematic review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1252075. [PMID: 38046662 PMCID: PMC10690808 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1252075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IGHMBP2 is a crucial gene for the development and maintenance of the nervous system, especially in the survival of motor neurons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2S (CMT2S). Methods We conducted a systematic literature search using the PubMed database to identify studies published up to April 1st, 2023, that investigated the association between IGHMBP2 mutations and SMARD1 or CMT2S. We compared the non-truncating mutations and truncating mutations of the IGHMBP2 gene and selected high-frequency mutations of the IGHMBP2 gene. Results We identified 52 articles that investigated the association between IGHMBP2 mutations and SMARD1/CMT2S. We found 6 hotspot mutations of the IGHMBP2 gene. The truncating mutations in trans were all associated with SMARD1. Conclusion This study provides evidence that the complete LOF mechanism of the IGHMBP2 gene defect may be an important cause of SMARD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinfang Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Enwu Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Clinical and genetic features of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease patients with IGHMBP2 mutations. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:564-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Smith CE, Lorson MA, Ricardez Hernandez SM, Al Rawi Z, Mao J, Marquez J, Villalón E, Keilholz AN, Smith CL, Garro-Kacher MO, Morcos T, Davis DJ, Bryda EC, Nichols NL, Lorson CL. The Ighmbp2D564N mouse model is the first SMARD1 model to demonstrate respiratory defects. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1293-1307. [PMID: 34726235 PMCID: PMC9029233 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type I (SMARD1) is a neurodegenerative disease defined by respiratory distress, muscle atrophy and sensory and autonomic nervous system defects. SMARD1 is a result of mutations within the IGHMBP2 gene. We have generated six Ighmbp2 mouse models based on patient-derived mutations that result in SMARD1 and/or Charcot-Marie Tooth Type 2 (CMT2S). Here we describe the characterization of one of these models, Ighmbp2D564N (human D565N). The Ighmbp2D564N/D564N mouse model mimics important aspects of the SMARD1 disease phenotype, including motor neuron degeneration and muscle atrophy. Ighmbp2D564N/D564N is the first SMARD1 mouse model to demonstrate respiratory defects based on quantified plethysmography analyses. SMARD1 disease phenotypes, including the respiratory defects, are significantly diminished by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ssAAV9-IGHMBP2 and the extent of phenotypic restoration is dose-dependent. Collectively, this model provides important biological insight into SMARD1 disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caley E Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Monique A Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sara M Ricardez Hernandez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zayd Al Rawi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jose Marquez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Eric Villalón
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Amy N Keilholz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Catherine L Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Mona O Garro-Kacher
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Toni Morcos
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Daniel J Davis
- Animal Modeling Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bryda
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Animal Modeling Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nicole L Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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9
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Stembalska A, Rydzanicz M, Walas W, Gasperowicz P, Pollak A, Pienkowski VM, Biela M, Klaniewska M, Gamrot Z, Gronska E, Ploski R, Smigiel R. Severe Infantile Axonal Neuropathy with Respiratory Failure Caused by Novel Mutation in X-Linked LAS1L Gene. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050725. [PMID: 35627110 PMCID: PMC9142081 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
LAS1L encodes a nucleolar ribosomal biogenesis protein and is also a component of the Five Friends of Methylated CHTOP (5FMC) complex. Mutations in the LAS1L gene can be associated with Wilson−Turner syndrome (WTS) and, much more rarely, severe infantile hypotonia with respiratory failure. Here, we present an eighteen-month old boy with a phenotype of spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress (SMARD). By applying WES, we identified a novel hemizygous synonymous variant in the LAS1L gene inherited from an unaffected mother (c.846G > C, p.Thr282=). We suggest that the identified variant impairs the RNA splicing process. Furthermore, we proved the absence of any coding regions by qPCR and sequencing cDNA using amplicon deep sequencing and Sanger sequencing methods. According to the SMARD phenotype, severe breathing problems causing respiratory insufficiency, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties were observed in our patient from the first days of life. Remarkably, our case is the second described patient with a SMARD-like phenotype due to a mutation in the LAS1L gene and the first with a variant impacting splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (P.G.); (A.P.); (V.M.P.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Wojciech Walas
- Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital in Opole, 45-401 Opole, Poland;
| | - Piotr Gasperowicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (P.G.); (A.P.); (V.M.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Pollak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (P.G.); (A.P.); (V.M.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Victor Murcia Pienkowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (P.G.); (A.P.); (V.M.P.); (R.P.)
- MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Mateusz Biela
- Department of Family and Paediatric Nursing, Medical University, 50-996 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Klaniewska
- Department of Family and Paediatric Nursing, Medical University, 50-996 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Zuzanna Gamrot
- Care and Therapy Unit for Mechanically Ventilated Children and Young People, 41-506 Chorzow, Poland; (Z.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Ewa Gronska
- Care and Therapy Unit for Mechanically Ventilated Children and Young People, 41-506 Chorzow, Poland; (Z.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (P.G.); (A.P.); (V.M.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Robert Smigiel
- Department of Family and Paediatric Nursing, Medical University, 50-996 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (R.S.)
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10
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Cardenas J, Cardenas J, Lee A, Brown M, Galan F, Scimeme J, Labilloy A. Infantile Hypotonia: A Case of Spinal Muscular Atrophy With Respiratory Distress Type 1 Presenting As Infant Botulism. Cureus 2021; 13:e19006. [PMID: 34824924 PMCID: PMC8609979 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD 1) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by distal muscular atrophy and respiratory distress. It presents between six weeks and six months of age, with an eventual requirement of respiratory support. To date, no curative treatment to attenuate or stop the clinical deterioration has been found; therefore, supportive treatment is the corner stone of management. We report a 12-week-old infant with SMARD1 initially diagnosed and managed as a case of infant botulism secondary to a history of significant exposure to honey. SMARD1 and infant botulism all share characteristic clinical features, namely, respiratory distress, hypotonia, and autonomic dysfunction with typical onset of less than one year of age. This case report illustrates that SMARD1, SMA Type 1, and infant botulism share common clinical features. It is important to maintain a broad differential when evaluating an infant with hypotonia, especially when there is a lack of clinical response to conventional medical interventions directed toward the working diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cardenas
- Pediatric Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Jose Cardenas
- Pediatric Critical Care, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, USA
| | - Andrew Lee
- Pediatric Medicine, University of Florida Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Martha Brown
- Genetics, University of Florida Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Fernando Galan
- Pediatric Neurology, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Jason Scimeme
- Pediatric Critical Care, University of Florida Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Anatalia Labilloy
- Genetics, University of Florida Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
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11
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Rzepnikowska W, Kochański A. Models for IGHMBP2-associated diseases: an overview and a roadmap for the future. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:1266-1278. [PMID: 34785121 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Models are practical tools with which to establish the basic aspects of a diseases. They allow systematic research into the significance of mutations, of cellular and molecular pathomechanisms, of therapeutic options and of functions of diseases associated proteins. Thus, disease models are an integral part of the study of enigmatic proteins such as immunoglobulin mu-binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2). IGHMBP2 has been well defined as a helicase, however there is little known about its role in cellular processes. Notably, it is unclear why changes in such an abundant protein lead to specific neuronal disorders including spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2S (CMT2S). SMARD1 is caused by a loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord that results in muscle atrophy and is accompanied by rapid respiratory failure. In contrast, CMT2S manifests as a severe neuropathy, but typically without critical breathing problems. Here, we present the clinical manifestation of IGHMBP2 mutations, function of protein and models that may be used for the study of IGHMBP2-associated disorders. We highlight the strengths and weaknesses of specific models and discuss the orthologs of IGHMBP2 that are found in different systems with regard to their similarity to human IGHMBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Rzepnikowska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
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12
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Beijer D, Baets J. The expanding genetic landscape of hereditary motor neuropathies. Brain 2021; 143:3540-3563. [PMID: 33210134 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary motor neuropathies are clinically and genetically diverse disorders characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of lower motor neurons. Although currently as many as 26 causal genes are known, there is considerable missing heritability compared to other inherited neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Intriguingly, this genetic landscape spans a discrete number of key biological processes within the peripheral nerve. Also, in terms of underlying pathophysiology, hereditary motor neuropathies show striking overlap with several other neuromuscular and neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a current overview of the genetic spectrum of hereditary motor neuropathies highlighting recent reports of novel genes and mutations or recent discoveries in the underlying disease mechanisms. In addition, we link hereditary motor neuropathies with various related disorders by addressing the main affected pathways of disease divided into five major processes: axonal transport, tRNA aminoacylation, RNA metabolism and DNA integrity, ion channels and transporters and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
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Baker JD, Uhrich RL, Strovas TJ, Saxton AD, Kraemer BC. AlphaScreen Identifies MSUT2 Inhibitors for Tauopathy-Targeting Therapeutic Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2021; 26:400-409. [PMID: 32981422 PMCID: PMC8592089 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220958387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurological disorders characterized by intracellular tau deposits forming neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads, or other disease-specific aggregates composed of the protein tau. Tauopathy disorders include frontotemporal lobar degeneration, corticobasal degeneration, Pick's disease, and the largest cause of dementia, Alzheimer's disease. The lack of disease-modifying therapeutic strategies to address tauopathies remains a critical unmet need in dementia care. Thus, novel broad-spectrum tau-targeted therapeutics could have a profound impact in multiple tauopathy disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Here we have designed a drug discovery paradigm to identify inhibitors of the pathological tau-enabling protein, MSUT2. We previously showed that activity of the RNA-binding protein MSUT2 drives tauopathy, including tau-mediated neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction, in mouse models. Thus, we hypothesized that MSUT2 inhibitors could be therapeutic for tauopathy disorders. Our pipeline for MSUT2 inhibitory compound identification included a primary AlphaScreen, followed by dose-response validation, a secondary fluorescence polarization orthogonal assay, a tertiary specificity screen, and a preliminary toxicity screen. Our work here serves as a proof-of-principle methodology for finding specific inhibitors of the poly(A) RNA-binding protein MSUT2 interaction. Here we identify 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-sulfonic acid (DIDS) as a potential tool compound for future work probing the mechanism of MSUT2-induced tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Baker
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rikki L. Uhrich
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy J. Strovas
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aleen D. Saxton
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian C. Kraemer
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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New and Developing Therapies in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: From Genotype to Phenotype to Treatment and Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093297. [PMID: 32392694 PMCID: PMC7246502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a congenital neuromuscular disorder characterized by motor neuron loss, resulting in progressive weakness. SMA is notable in the health care community because it accounts for the most common cause of infant death resulting from a genetic defect. SMA is caused by low levels of the survival motor neuron protein (SMN) resulting from SMN1 gene mutations or deletions. However, patients always harbor various copies of SMN2, an almost identical but functionally deficient copy of the gene. A genotype–phenotype correlation suggests that SMN2 is a potent disease modifier for SMA, which also represents the primary target for potential therapies. Increasing comprehension of SMA pathophysiology, including the characterization of SMN1 and SMN2 genes and SMN protein functions, has led to the development of multiple therapeutic approaches. Until the end of 2016, no cure was available for SMA, and management consisted of supportive measures. Two breakthrough SMN-targeted treatments, either using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or virus-mediated gene therapy, have recently been approved. These two novel therapeutics have a common objective: to increase the production of SMN protein in MNs and thereby improve motor function and survival. However, neither therapy currently provides a complete cure. Treating patients with SMA brings new responsibilities and unique dilemmas. As SMA is such a devastating disease, it is reasonable to assume that a unique therapeutic solution may not be sufficient. Current approaches under clinical investigation differ in administration routes, frequency of dosing, intrathecal versus systemic delivery, and mechanisms of action. Besides, emerging clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of either SMN-dependent or SMN-independent approaches are ongoing. This review aims to address the different knowledge gaps between genotype, phenotypes, and potential therapeutics.
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