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Mariño L, Belén Uceda A, Leal F, Adrover M. Insight into the Effect of Methylglyoxal on the Conformation, Function, and Aggregation Propensity of α-Synuclein. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400890. [PMID: 38687053 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that people suffering from hyperglycemia have a higher propensity to develop Parkinson's disease (PD). One of the most plausible mechanisms linking these two pathologies is the glycation of neuronal proteins and the pathological consequences of it. α-Synuclein, a key component in PD, can be glycated at its fifteen lysine. In fact, the end products of this process have been detected on aggregated α-synuclein isolated from in vivo. However, the consequences of glycation are not entirely clear, which are of crucial importance to understand the mechanism underlying the connection between diabetes and PD. To better clarify this, we have here examined how methylglyoxal (the most important carbonyl compound found in the cytoplasm) affects the conformation and aggregation propensity of α-synuclein, as well as its ability to cluster and fuse synaptic-like vesicles. The obtained data prove that methylglyoxal induces the Lys-Lys crosslinking through the formation of MOLD. However, this does not have a remarkable effect on the averaged conformational ensemble of α-synuclein, although it completely depletes its native propensity to form soluble oligomers and insoluble amyloid fibrils. Moreover, methylglyoxal has a disrupting effect on the ability of α-synuclein to bind, cluster and fusion synaptic-like vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mariño
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra, Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Uceda
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra, Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Francisco Leal
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra, Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra, Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Jin X, Si X, Lei X, Liu H, Shao A, Li L. Disruption of Dopamine Homeostasis Associated with Alteration of Proteins in Synaptic Vesicles: A Putative Central Mechanism of Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1204-1226. [PMID: 37815908 PMCID: PMC11081171 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestigial dopaminergic cells in PD have selectivity for a sub-class of hypersensitive neurons with the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) tract. DA is modulated in pre-synaptic nerve terminals to remain stable. To be specific, proteins at DA release sites that have a function of synthesizing and packing DA in cytoplasm, modulating release and reingestion, and changing excitability of neurons, display regional discrepancies that uncover relevancy of the observed sensitivity to neurodegenerative changes. Although the reasons of a majority of PD cases are still indistinct, heredity and environment are known to us to make significant influences. For decades, genetic analysis of PD patients with heredity in family have promoted our comprehension of pathogenesis to a great extent, which reveals correlative mechanisms including oxidative stress, abnormal protein homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we review the constitution of presynaptic vesicle related to DA homeostasis and describe the genetic and environmental evidence of presynaptic dysfunction that increase risky possibility of PD concerning intracellular vesicle transmission and their functional outcomes. We summarize alterations in synaptic vesicular proteins with great involvement in the reasons of some DA neurons highly vulnerable to neurodegenerative changes. We generalize different potential targets and therapeutic strategies for different pathogenic mechanisms, providing a reference for further studies of PD treatment in the future. But it remains to be further researched on this recently discovered and converging mechanism of vesicular dynamics and PD, which will provide a more profound comprehension and put up with new therapeutic tactics for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxiang Jin
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Huifang Liu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Ribarič S. The Contribution of Type 2 Diabetes to Parkinson's Disease Aetiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4358. [PMID: 38673943 PMCID: PMC11050090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic disorders that have a significant health impact on a global scale. Epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical research underpins the assumption that insulin resistance and chronic inflammation contribute to the overlapping aetiologies of T2D and PD. This narrative review summarises the recent evidence on the contribution of T2D to the initiation and progression of PD brain pathology. It also briefly discusses the rationale and potential of alternative pharmacological interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Uceda AB, Mariño L, Casasnovas R, Adrover M. An overview on glycation: molecular mechanisms, impact on proteins, pathogenesis, and inhibition. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:189-218. [PMID: 38737201 PMCID: PMC11078917 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-024-01188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of a heterogeneous set of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is the final outcome of a non-enzymatic process that occurs in vivo on long-life biomolecules. This process, known as glycation, starts with the reaction between reducing sugars, or their autoxidation products, with the amino groups of proteins, DNA, or lipids, thus gaining relevance under hyperglycemic conditions. Once AGEs are formed, they might affect the biological function of the biomacromolecule and, therefore, induce the development of pathophysiological events. In fact, the accumulation of AGEs has been pointed as a triggering factor of obesity, diabetes-related diseases, coronary artery disease, neurological disorders, or chronic renal failure, among others. Given the deleterious consequences of glycation, evolution has designed endogenous mechanisms to undo glycation or to prevent it. In addition, many exogenous molecules have also emerged as powerful glycation inhibitors. This review aims to provide an overview on what glycation is. It starts by explaining the similarities and differences between glycation and glycosylation. Then, it describes in detail the molecular mechanism underlying glycation reactions, and the bio-molecular targets with higher propensity to be glycated. Next, it discusses the precise effects of glycation on protein structure, function, and aggregation, and how computational chemistry has provided insights on these aspects. Finally, it reports the most prevalent diseases induced by glycation, and the endogenous mechanisms and the current therapeutic interventions against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Uceda
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Mariño
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Casasnovas
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
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5
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Patil RS, Tupe RS. Communal interaction of glycation and gut microbes in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:365-405. [PMID: 37589449 DOI: 10.1002/med.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing gradually, reflecting a global threat vis-à-vis expressing the essentiality of a substantial paradigm shift in research and remedial actions. Protein glycation is influenced by several factors, like time, temperature, pH, metal ions, and the half-life of the protein. Surprisingly, most proteins associated with metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders are generally long-lived and hence susceptible to glycation. Remarkably, proteins linked with diabetes, AD, and PD share this characteristic. This modulates protein's structure, aggregation tendency, and toxicity, highlighting renovated attention. Gut microbes and microbial metabolites marked their importance in human health and diseases. Though many scientific shreds of evidence are proposed for possible change and dysbiosis in gut flora in these diseases, very little is known about the mechanisms. Screening and unfolding their functionality in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders is essential in hunting the gut treasure. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the role of glycation as a common link in diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, which helps to clarify if modulation of nonenzymatic glycation may act as a beneficial therapeutic strategy and gut microbes/metabolites may answer some of the crucial questions. This review briefly emphasizes the common functional attributes of glycation and gut microbes, the possible linkages, and discusses current treatment options and therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shivaji Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rashmi Santosh Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Uceda AB, Ramis R, Pauwels K, Adrover M, Mariño L, Frau J, Vilanova B. Understanding the effect of the membrane-mimetic micelles on the interplay between α-synuclein and Cu(II)/Cu(I) cations. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112344. [PMID: 37542850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) is a presynaptic protein whose aggregates are considered as a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although its physiological function is still under debate, it is widely accepted that its functions are always mediated by its interaction with membranes. The association of αS with phospholipid membranes occurs concomitant to its folding from its monomeric, unfolded state towards an antiparallel amphipathic α-helix. Besides this, copper ions can also bind αS and modify its aggregation propensity. The effect of Cu(II) and Cu(I) on the lipid-αS affinity and on the structure of the membrane-bound αS have not yet been studied. This knowledge is relevant to understand the molecular pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, we have here studied the affinities between Cu(II) and Cu(I) and the micelle-bound αS, as well as the effect of these cations on the structure of micelle-bound αS. Cu(II) or Cu(I) did not affect the α-helical structure of the micelle-bound αS. However, while Cu(I) binds at the same sites of αS in the presence or in the absence of micelles, the micelle-bound αS displays different Cu(II) binding sites than unbound αS. In any case, sodium docecyl sulphate -micelles reduce the stability of the αS complexes with both Cu(II) and Cu(I). Finally, we have observed that the micelle-bound αS is still able to prevent the Cu(II)-catalysed oxidation of neuronal metabolites (e.g. ascorbic acid) and the formation of reactive oxygen species, thus this binding does not impair its biological function as part of the antioxidant machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Uceda
- Departament de Química, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdIsBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramis
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Departamento de Física, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Kris Pauwels
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Departament de Química, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdIsBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Mariño
- Departament de Química, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdIsBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Juan Frau
- Departament de Química, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdIsBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Vilanova
- Departament de Química, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdIsBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain.
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7
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Battis K, Xiang W, Winkler J. The Bidirectional Interplay of α-Synuclein with Lipids in the Central Nervous System and Its Implications for the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13270. [PMID: 37686080 PMCID: PMC10487772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed as synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The bidirectional interaction of α-syn with lipids and biomembranes impacts not only α-syn aggregation but also lipid homeostasis. Indeed, lipid composition and metabolism are severely perturbed in PD. One explanation for lipid-associated alterations may involve structural changes in α-syn, caused, for example, by missense mutations in the lipid-binding region of α-syn as well as post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, nitration, ubiquitination, truncation, glycosylation, and glycation. Notably, different strategies targeting the α-syn-lipid interaction have been identified and are able to reduce α-syn pathology. These approaches include the modulation of post-translational modifications aiming to reduce the aggregation of α-syn and modify its binding properties to lipid membranes. Furthermore, targeting enzymes involved in various steps of lipid metabolism and exploring the neuroprotective potential of lipids themselves have emerged as novel therapeutic approaches. Taken together, this review focuses on the bidirectional crosstalk of α-syn and lipids and how alterations of this interaction affect PD and thereby open a window for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.B.); (W.X.)
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Uceda AB, Frau J, Vilanova B, Adrover M. Tyrosine Nitroxidation Does Not Affect the Ability of α-Synuclein to Bind Anionic Micelles, but It Diminishes Its Ability to Bind and Assemble Synaptic-like Vesicles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1310. [PMID: 37372040 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration and the accumulation of neuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies, which are formed by aggregated and post-translationally modified α-synuclein (αS). Oxidative modifications such as the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) or di-tyrosine are found in αS deposits, and they could be promoted by the oxidative stress typical of PD brains. Many studies have tried to elucidate the molecular mechanism correlating nitroxidation, αS aggregation, and PD. However, it is unclear how nitroxidation affects the physiological function of αS. To clarify this matter, we synthetized an αS with its Tyr residues replaced by 3-NT. Its study revealed that Tyr nitroxidation had no effect on either the affinity of αS towards anionic micelles nor the overall structure of the micelle-bound αS, which retained its α-helical folding. Nevertheless, we observed that nitroxidation of Y39 lengthened the disordered stretch bridging the two consecutive α-helices. Conversely, the affinity of αS towards synaptic-like vesicles diminished as a result of Tyr nitroxidation. Additionally, we also proved that nitroxidation precluded αS from performing its physiological function as a catalyst of the clustering and the fusion of synaptic vesicles. Our findings represent a step forward towards the completion of the puzzle that must explain the molecular mechanism behind the link between αS-nitroxidation and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Uceda
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Frau
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Vilanova
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Dai C, Tan C, Zhao L, Liang Y, Liu G, Liu H, Zhong Y, Liu Z, Mo L, Liu X, Chen L. Glucose Metabolism Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Res Bull 2023; 199:110672. [PMID: 37210012 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in systematic and regional glucose metabolism exist in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at every stage of the disease course, and such impairments are associated with the incidence, progression, and special phenotypes of PD, which affect each physiological process of glucose metabolism including glucose uptake, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and pentose phosphate shunt pathway. These impairments may be attributed to various mechanisms, such as insulin resistance, oxidative stress, abnormal glycated modification, blood-brain-barrier dysfunction, and hyperglycemia-induced damages. These mechanisms could subsequently cause excessive methylglyoxal and reactive oxygen species production, neuroinflammation, abnormal aggregation of protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased dopamine, and finally result in energy supply insufficiency, neurotransmitter dysregulation, aggregation and phosphorylation of α-synuclein, and dopaminergic neuron loss. This review discusses the glucose metabolism impairment in PD and its pathophysiological mechanisms, and briefly summarized the currently-available therapies targeting glucose metabolism impairment in PD, including glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dual GLP-1/gastric inhibitory peptide receptor agonists, metformin, and thiazoledinediones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Dai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Changhong Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Yuke Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Lijuan Mo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Chegão A, Vicente Miranda H. Unveiling new secrets in Parkinson's disease: The glycatome. Behav Brain Res 2023; 442:114309. [PMID: 36706808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We are witnessing a considerable increase in the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD), which may be due to the general ageing of the population. While there is a plethora of therapeutic strategies for this disease, they still fail to arrest disease progression as they do not target and prevent the neurodegenerative process. The identification of disease-causing mutations allowed researchers to better dissect the underlying causes of this disease, highlighting, for example, the pathogenic role of alpha-synuclein. However, most PD cases are sporadic, which is making it hard to unveil the major causative mechanisms of this disease. In the recent years, epidemiological evidence suggest that type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals have higher risk and worst outcomes of PD, allowing to raise the hypothesis that some dysregulated processes in T2DM may contribute or even trigger the neurodegenerative process in PD. One major consequence of T2DM is the unprogrammed reaction between sugars, increased in T2DM, and proteins, a reaction named glycation. Pre-clinical reports show that alpha-synuclein is a target of glycation, and glycation potentiates its pathogenicity which contributes for the neurodegenerative process. Moreover, it triggers, anticipates, or aggravates several PD-like motor and non-motor complications. A given profile of proteins are differently glycated in diseased conditions, altering the brain proteome and leading to brain dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Herein we coin the term Glycatome as the profile of glycated proteins. In this review we report on the mechanisms underlying the association between T2DM and PD, with particular focus on the impact of protein glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Chegão
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Uceda AB, Frau J, Vilanova B, Adrover M. On the effect of methionine oxidation on the interplay between α-synuclein and synaptic-like vesicles. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:92-104. [PMID: 36584779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human alpha-synuclein (αS) is an intrinsically disordered protein highly expressed in dopaminergic neurons. Its amyloid aggregates are the major component of Lewy bodies, which are considered a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). αS has four different Met, which are particularly sensitive to oxidation, as most of them are found as Met sulfoxide (MetO) in the αS deposits. Consequently, researchers have invested mounting efforts trying to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the links between oxidative stress, αS aggregation and PD. However, it has not been described yet the effect of Met oxidation on the physiological function of αS. Trying to shed light on this aspect, we have here studied a synthetic αS that displayed all its Met replaced by MetO moieties (αS-MetO). Our study has allowed to prove that MetO diminishes the affinity of αS towards anionic micelles (SDS), although the micelle-bound fraction of αS-MetO still adopts an α-helical folding resembling that of the lipid-bound αS. MetO also diminishes the affinity of αS towards synaptic-like vesicles, and its hindering effect is much more pronounced than that displayed on the αS-micelle affinity. Additionally, we have also demonstrated that MetO impairs the physiological function of αS as a catalyst of the clustering and the fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs). Our findings provide a new understanding on how Met oxidation affects one of the most relevant biological functions attributed to αS that is to bind and cluster SVs along the neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Uceda
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Frau
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Vilanova
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut (IdISBa), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Stone A, Cujic O, Rowlett A, Aderhold S, Savage E, Graham B, Steinert JR. Triose-phosphate isomerase deficiency is associated with a dysregulation of synaptic vesicle recycling in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1124061. [PMID: 36926383 PMCID: PMC10011161 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1124061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous neurodegenerative diseases are associated with neuronal dysfunction caused by increased redox stress, often linked to aberrant production of redox-active molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) or oxygen free radicals. One such protein affected by redox-mediated changes is the glycolytic enzyme triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI), which has been shown to undergo 3-nitrotyrosination (a NO-mediated post-translational modification) rendering it inactive. The resulting neuronal changes caused by this modification are not well understood. However, associated glycation-induced cytotoxicity has been reported, thus potentially causing neuronal and synaptic dysfunction via compromising synaptic vesicle recycling. Methods This work uses Drosophila melanogaster to identify the impacts of altered TPI activity on neuronal physiology, linking aberrant TPI function and redox stress to neuronal defects. We used Drosophila mutants expressing a missense allele of the TPI protein, M81T, identified in a previous screen and resulting in an inactive mutant of the TPI protein (TPIM81T , wstd1). We assessed synaptic physiology at the glutamatergic Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ), synapse morphology and behavioural phenotypes, as well as impacts on longevity. Results Electrophysiological recordings of evoked and spontaneous excitatory junctional currents, alongside high frequency train stimulations and recovery protocols, were applied to investigate synaptic depletion and subsequent recovery. Single synaptic currents were unaltered in the presence of the wstd1 mutation, but frequencies of spontaneous events were reduced. Wstd1 larvae also showed enhanced vesicle depletion rates at higher frequency stimulation, and subsequent recovery times for evoked synaptic responses were prolonged. A computational model showed that TPI mutant larvae exhibited a significant decline in activity-dependent vesicle recycling, which manifests itself as increased recovery times for the readily-releasable vesicle pool. Confocal images of NMJs showed no morphological or developmental differences between wild-type and wstd1 but TPI mutants exhibited learning impairments as assessed by olfactory associative learning assays. Discussion Our data suggests that the wstd1 phenotype is partially due to altered vesicle dynamics, involving a reduced vesicle pool replenishment, and altered endo/exocytosis processes. This may result in learning and memory impairments and neuronal dysfunction potentially also presenting a contributing factor to other reported neuronal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aelfwin Stone
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Cujic
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Angel Rowlett
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Aderhold
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Savage
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce Graham
- Division of Computing Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Joern R Steinert
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Goloborshcheva VV, Kucheryanu VG, Voronina NA, Teterina EV, Ustyugov AA, Morozov SG. Synuclein Proteins in MPTP-Induced Death of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Dopaminergic Neurons. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092278. [PMID: 36140378 PMCID: PMC9496024 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the key neurodegenerative disorders caused by a dopamine deficiency in the striatum due to the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The initially discovered A53T mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene was linked to the formation of cytotoxic aggregates: Lewy bodies in the DA neurons of PD patients. Further research has contributed to the discovery of beta- and gamma-synucleins, which presumably compensate for the functional loss of either member of the synuclein family. Here, we review research from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity models and various synuclein-knockout animals. We conclude that the differences in the sensitivity of the synuclein-knockout animals compared with the MPTP neurotoxin are due to the ontogenetic selection of early neurons followed by a compensatory effect of beta-synuclein, which optimizes dopamine capture in the synapses. Triple-knockout synuclein studies have confirmed the higher sensitivity of DA neurons to the toxic effects of MPTP. Nonetheless, beta-synuclein could modulate the alpha-synuclein function, preventing its aggregation and loss of function. Overall, the use of knockout animals has helped to solve the riddle of synuclein functions, and these proteins could be promising molecular targets for the development of therapies that are aimed at optimizing the synaptic function of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria V. Goloborshcheva
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(909)-644-92-31
| | | | | | - Ekaterina V. Teterina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Aleksey A. Ustyugov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sergei G. Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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