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Kort I, Hmandi O, Grayaa M, Bellali M, Kouada R, Gharbaoui M, Zhioua M, Allouche M. A comparative study of the injury pattern between suicidal and accidental falls from height in Northern Tunisia. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 97:102531. [PMID: 37210812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls from height are a common cause of marbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of the victims, the circumstances of the fall and distribution of the injuries of accidental and suicidal falls from height. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a retrospective cross-sectional study, based on autopsies performed over 16 years (January 2005 to December 2020). The recorded variables included demographic data of the victim, height of fall, death scene findings, length of hospital stay, autopsy findings, and toxicological results. RESULTS Of the 753 victims of fall from height, 607 were fallers and 146 were jumpers. We found that male victims were predominant in the accidental group (86.8% vs. 69.2%). The mean age at death was 43.6 ± 17.9 years. Suicidal falls occurred in a private house in the majority of cases (70.5%), while accidental falls occurred most frequently at workplace (43.8%). Suicidal falls were higher than accidental falls (10.4 ± 7.3 m vs. 7.1 ± 5.7 m). Injuries in the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, upper and lower extremities were more frequentl in the suicidal falls group. Pelvic fractures were 2.1 times more likely to occur in the suicidal falls. Head injuries were more frequent in the accidental falls group. The survival delay was shorter in the suicidal falls group. CONCLUSIONS our study highlights the differences in the profile of the victims and in the pattern of injuries caused by falls from height, depending on the victim's intention to fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Kort
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ons Hmandi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mariem Grayaa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Bellali
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Rihem Kouada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Meriem Gharbaoui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mongi Zhioua
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Allouche
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Maktouf H, Cheour M. Aggressive behaviour in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients, their unaffected siblings and healthy controls. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:299-310. [PMID: 35712845 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM While patients with schizophrenia are more likely to be victims rather than perpetrators of aggressive behaviour, prior research has shown increased rates of aggressive behaviours in these patients that appear very early in the course of illness. We aimed to assess aggression in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients, their healthy siblings, and controls; and to investigate correlates of aggression in the patients group. METHODS Patients (N = 55), siblings (N = 55) and healthy controls (N = 71) were evaluated on Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Life History of Aggression (LHA), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. Age, gender and substance use were regarded as covariates, and differences between the three groups were evaluated using analysis of covariance. Hierarchical regression was performed to determine which variables were associated with aggression level in the patients group. RESULTS The Tukey multiple comparison test showed that both patients (p < .001) and siblings (p = .023) scored higher on the LHA Aggression than controls. Siblings scored higher than controls (p = .010) for the Anger subscale of the AQ. Patients scored significantly higher than controls in the three impulsiveness dimensions; whereas siblings scored higher than controls in the motor (p = .023) and non-planning (p = .004) dimensions. Multivariate analyses showed that, after controlling for confounders, only attentional impulsiveness (β = .446, p = .0244) and psychopathy traits (β = .359, p = .010) helped predict AQ total scores among patients. CONCLUSION Aggression and some of its risk factors including impulsiveness are likely to be trait variables that might provide important vulnerability markers for people at heightened risk of developing psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Hela Maktouf
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
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Ouali U, Aissa A, Rjaibi S, Zoghlami N, Zgueb Y, Larnaout A, Zid M, Kacem I, Charfi F, Moro MF, Touihri N, Melki W, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Nacef F, Gouider R, El Hechmi Z, Carta MG. Prevalence of Mood Disorders and Associated Factors at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potocol for a Community Survey in La Manouba Governorate, Tunisia. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792210250. [PMID: 37274854 PMCID: PMC10156032 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e221026-2022-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aims The present survey aims to assess the overall mood disorder prevalence and identify associated socio-demographic and clinical factors in a Tunisian community sample, with special attention to the COVID-19 pandemic. Background Mood disorders are one of the leading causes of all non-fatal burdens of disease, with depression being at the top of the list. The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the prevalence of mood disorders, especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMICs) and in vulnerable populations. Objective 1/ Assess point and lifetime prevalence of depressive and bipolar disorders as well as subthreshold bipolarity in a representative population sample of La Manouba governorate and assess treatment patterns for these disorders; 2/Study socio-demographic and clinical correlates of mood disorders 3/ Assess the association between mood disorders and quality of life 4/ Study the impact of the COVID-pandemic on the prevalence of mood disorders 5/ Assess coping mechanisms to the COVID-pandemic and whether these mechanisms moderate the appearance of mood disorders or symptoms since the beginning of the pandemic. Methods This is a household cross-sectional observational survey to be conducted in La Manouba Governorate in a sample of 4540 randomly selected individuals aged ≥ 15 years. Data collection will be carried out by trained interviewers with clinical experience, through face-to-face interviews and the use of the computer assisted personal interviewing approach (CAPI). The following assessment tools are administered. Results Structured clinical Interview for DSM IV-TR (Mood disorder section and Screening questions on Anxiety), Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ), 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12), the Brief-COPE, and a questionnaire about a headache. In addition, socio-demographic and clinical data will be collected. Conclusion This will be one of the very few household surveys in a general population sample to assess mental health problems and COVID-19-related variables since the beginning of the pandemic. Through this research, we aim to obtain an epidemiological profile of mood disorders in Tunisia and an estimation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their prevalence. Results should contribute to improving mental health care in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Ouali
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunisia
| | - Amina Aissa
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunisia
| | - Salsabil Rjaibi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- National Institute of Health, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Yosra Zgueb
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunisia
| | - Amine Larnaout
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Department Psychiatry D, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Zid
- National Institute of Health, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Kacem
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunisia
- Department of Neurology, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Charfi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Mongi Slim Hospital La Marsa, Marsa, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Wahid Melki
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Department Psychiatry D, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
- Technical Committee for Mental Health Promotion at the Ministry of Health, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- National Institute of Health, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (SURVEN), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fethi Nacef
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Gouider
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunisia
- Department of Neurology, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | | | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Center for Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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El Hayek S, Cherro M, El Harake N, Ghossoub E. Self-immolation in the Arab world: A systematic review. Burns 2022; 49:757-769. [PMID: 37129972 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-immolation is the act of setting fire to oneself. Recent spikes in self-immolation events have been noticed in the Arab world, specifically in the aftermath of the Arab Spring in 2011. We aimed to examine the literature assessing the characteristics and patterns of suicide by self-immolation in the Arab world. We registered our systematic review in Prospero. We searched PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and Scopus databases from inception until 9 July 2022, along with other sources, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We collected relevant articles tackling suicide by self-immolation in the Arab world via title and abstract screening followed by full-text screening. We then conducted a narrative synthesis of the results. Out of 326 records from databases and 17 additional records identified through other sources, 31 articles (27 quantitative and 4 qualitative) were included. The studies came from Iraq (n = 16), Tunisia (n = 6), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (n = 3), Jordan (n = 2), Libya (n = 2), Bahrain (n = 1), and Egypt (n = 1). The quantitative studies had a sample size ranging from 22 to 600 self-inflicted burn victims. Studies showed that self-immolators were mostly married women with low educational level and low socioeconomic status. Self-immolation was more likely to happen at home, usually following marital conflicts. Kerosene was the accelerant used the most. Depression was the most comorbid mental health diagnosis. Studies highlighted that self-immolation was being increasignly used as a form of protest. Self-immolation is not uncommon in the Arab world. Specific interventions directed at the population at risk are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer El Hayek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michele Cherro
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadia El Harake
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias Ghossoub
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Cheffi N, Chakroun-Walha O, Sellami R, Ouali R, Mnif D, Guermazi F, Issaoui F, Lajmi M, Benamar B, Damak J, Rekik N, Masmoudi J. Validation of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) in the Tunisian dialect. Public Health 2021; 202:100-105. [PMID: 34936977 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) is one of the most frequently used depression assessment scales. In Tunisia, psychiatrists commonly use this scale in a Tunisian dialect. However, to the best of our knowledge, this scale has never been validated in Tunisia. This study aims to investigate the reliability and the validity of the HDRS among Tunisian patients who have been hospitalised for a suicide attempt. A secondary objective is to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the study population. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study performed in the emergency department. METHODS Patients who were hospitalised for a suicide attempt were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Tunisian version of the HDRS was developed using a forward-backward translation procedure. Psychometric properties of the Tunisian version of the HDRS were tested, including (i) construct validity with a confirmatory one-factor analysis; (ii) internal validity with Pearson correlations and Cronbach alpha coefficients; and (iii) external validity by correlations with the Patient Health Quality-9 (PHQ-9) scale. We used the Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to analyse the correlation between the total HDRS score and the presence of depression according to the PHQ-9. RESULTS In total, 101 participants were enrolled in this study. The principal component analysis (PCA) type factor analysis with varimax rotation found a high-grade correlation between HDRS individual items and the total score. The total variance, explained by five factors, was 64.4%. Cronbach's standardised alpha coefficient was 0.86 for the overall scale. Correlations between the total HDRS score and the PHQ-9 score, and its various items, were significant. The ROC curve analysis showed good sensitivity (80.8%) and specificity (91.1%). CONCLUSION The Tunisian version of the HDRS is an acceptable instrument to screen depression in individuals who have attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cheffi
- Department of Psychiatry A, University Hospital Hédi Chaker Sfax, Tunisia
| | - O Chakroun-Walha
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - R Sellami
- Department of Psychiatry A, University Hospital Hédi Chaker Sfax, Tunisia
| | - R Ouali
- Department of Psychiatry A, University Hospital Hédi Chaker Sfax, Tunisia
| | - D Mnif
- Department of Psychiatry A, University Hospital Hédi Chaker Sfax, Tunisia
| | - F Guermazi
- Department of Psychiatry A, University Hospital Hédi Chaker Sfax, Tunisia
| | - F Issaoui
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Tunisia
| | - M Lajmi
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Tunisia
| | - B Benamar
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Tunisia
| | - J Damak
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University Hospital Hedi Chaker Sfax, Tunisia
| | - N Rekik
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Tunisia
| | - J Masmoudi
- Department of Psychiatry A, University Hospital Hédi Chaker Sfax, Tunisia
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Ben Khelil M, Zgarni A, Belghith M, Harzallah H, Zhioua M, Hamdoun M. Trends of juvenile and adolescent suicides in North Tunisia: a 12-year study. Public Health 2021; 194:223-231. [PMID: 33962100 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics for suicide methods and factors over a 12-year period among child suicides in Northern Tunisia and to compare juvenile and adolescent suicides. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS We included all child and adolescent suicide cases that took place in the North of Tunisia over a 12 year period (2005-2016). Data were collected from medical records and judicial inquiries and were classified into three sections: sociodemographic data, the circumstances of suicide, and the autopsy findings. Data were then compared between the 'juvenile suicide group' and 'the adolescent suicide group', according to the WHO definition. RESULTS Casualties were equally males and females, mostly adolescents (74.5%), aged 15 years old on average. Hanging was the most frequent suicidal method. A peak of frequency was observed in 2014. CONCLUSION Our results suggested to focus, among other preventive measures, on the role of media coverage of child suicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ben Khelil
- Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - A Zgarni
- Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Belghith
- Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - H Harzallah
- Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Zhioua
- Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Hamdoun
- Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ben Abderrahim S, Belhaj A, Makni C, Bellali M, Naceur Y, Allouche M. How to establish a medico-legal obstacle on the Medical Certificate of Death. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2021; 99:721-726. [PMID: 35261003 PMCID: PMC8796678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Indicating a medico-legal obstacle to burial is not always evident for the pratician. In the absence of specific legal references and scientific Tunisian guidelines, we propose in this paper a practical guide to orientate the pratician on when and how to establish a medico-legal obstacle on the Medical Certificate of Death.
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Spagnolo J, Champagne F, Leduc N, Rivard M, Melki W, Piat M, Laporta M, Guesmi I, Bram N, Charfi F. Building capacity in mental health care in low- and middle-income countries by training primary care physicians using the mhGAP: a randomized controlled trial. Health Policy Plan 2020; 35:186-198. [PMID: 31794027 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the rise in mental health conditions in Tunisia, a training based on the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Intervention Guide (IG) was offered to primary care physicians (PCPs) working in the Greater Tunis area. Non-specialists (such as PCPs)' training is an internationally supported way to target untreated mental health symptoms. We aimed to evaluate the programme's impact on PCPs' mental health knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and self-reported practice, immediately following and 18 months after training. We conducted an exploratory trial with a combination of designs: a pretest-posttest control group design and a one-group pretest-posttest design were used to assess the training's short-term impact; and a repeated measures design was used to assess the training's long-term impact. The former relied on a delayed-intervention strategy: participants assigned to the control group (Group 2) received the training after the intervention group (Group 1). The intervention consisted of a weekly mhGAP-based training session (totalling 6 weeks), comprising lectures, discussions, role plays and a support session offered by trainers. Data were collected at baseline, following Group 1's training, following Group 2's training and 18 months after training. Descriptive, bivariate and ANOVA analyses were conducted. Overall, 112 PCPs were randomized to either Group 1 (n = 52) or Group 2 (n = 60). The training had a statistically significant short-term impact on mental health knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy scores but not on self-reported practice. When comparing pre-training results and results 18 months after training, these changes were maintained. PCPs reported a decrease in referral rates to specialized services 18 months after training in comparison to pre-training. The mhGAP-based training might be useful to increase mental health knowledge and self-efficacy, and decrease reported referral rates and negative mental health attitudes among PCPs in Tunisia and other low- and middle-income countries. Future studies should examine relationships among these outcome variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Spagnolo
- School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, 7101 Park Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - François Champagne
- School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, 7101 Park Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Nicole Leduc
- School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, 7101 Park Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Michèle Rivard
- School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, 7101 Park Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Wahid Melki
- Hôpital Razi, Manouba, Tunisia.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Myra Piat
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Marc Laporta
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.,The Montréal WHO-PAHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Imen Guesmi
- Centre médico-scolaire et universitaire de Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Bram
- Hôpital Razi, Manouba, Tunisia.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Charfi
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Hôpital Mongi-Slim, La Marsa, Tunisia
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9
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Skandrani M, Dridi A, Ridha R, Cheour M. Homicide committed by individuals with severe mental illnesses: A comparative study before and after the Tunisian revolution of January 14th, 2011. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2020; 71:101580. [PMID: 32768106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have established a correlation between the increase of homicide rates, and economic crises and rapid social changes following historical events. We propose to analyse the impact of the Tunisian Revolution on homicide rates in Tunisia in a clinical population. METHODS We conducted a retrospective comparative study of all individuals who commited an homicide and were admitted, at least once, to the forensic psychiatry unit in Razi Hospital between January 1st, 2004 and December 31st, 2018 after a decision of irresponsibility by reason of insanity. RESULTS The number of homicides committed by the individuals with mental illness included in our study was multiplied by a factor of 1.3 after the revolution, with a prevalence of 11.0% between 2004 and 2011, compared to a prevalence of 14.7% during the period 2011-2018. No significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding the socio-demographic characteristics or the characteristics of the act committed. CONCLUSION Our results highlighted that political and socio-economic crises following the Tunisian revolution significantly contributed to an increase of homicide rates in people with severe mental illness. Thus, macro-level socioeconomic determinants would be important to consider in homicide prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia; Razi Hospital, Mannouba, Tunisia.
| | - Maroua Skandrani
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Anis Dridi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Rym Ridha
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia; Razi Hospital, Mannouba, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia; Razi Hospital, Mannouba, Tunisia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Death in workplaces remains a public health issue. However, data regarding workplace homicides are scarce in most of regions, especially in the Arab world. The aim of our study was to analyze the epidemiological features of workplace homicides in northern Tunisia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a descriptive study with retrospective data collection over a 15-year period (January 2003 to December 2017). RESULTS We recorded 50 workplace homicide cases. Sex ratio was 49:1 (male/female). The mean age was 41.6 ± 15.13 years. Occupations the most at risk were security guards (odds ratio, 8.25; 95% confidence interval, 4.28-15.91; P < 0.0001) and taxi drivers (odds ratio, 5.61; 95% confidence interval, 2.39-13.18; P < 0.00001). The motive of the aggression was either interpersonal conflict or robbery (47.9% and 43.8%, respectively). Victims working as security guards or taxi drivers were most frequently assaulted by an unknown perpetrator, the motive being robbery. Death was most frequently secondary to blunt trauma (n = 20) or stab wounds (n = 15). CONCLUSIONS Workplace homicides represent a substantial phenomenon in Tunisia. The application of prevention measures is required based on improving environmental measures targeting, in priority, security guards and taxi drivers.
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Charfi F, Harbaoui A, Skhiri A, Abbès Z, Belhadj A, Halayem S, Bouden A. [Epidemiological and clinical profile of suicide attempts in Tunisian children and adolescents after the revolution]. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 32:204. [PMID: 31312316 PMCID: PMC6620052 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.204.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Les conduites suicidaires sont en augmentation en Tunisie et touchent une population de plus en plus jeune. Le but de notre étude était de décrire le profil sociodémographique et clinique des tentatives de suicide chez l'enfant et l'adolescent. Méthodes Cette étude était transversale et descriptive, incluant 50 suicidants, recrutés au service de pédopsychiatrie de l'Hôpital Razi de la Manouba et dans deux services de réanimation et de pédiatrie de Tunis, entre juillet 2012 et juin 2013. Ont été relevés les facteurs sociodémographiques et cliniques, les antécédents de maltraitance, la scolarité, les caractéristiques de la TS, l'intentionnalité suicidaire évaluée par le Suicide Intent Scale, et les troubles psychopathologiques à l'aide du Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Résultats Le sex-ratio était de 0,56, la moyenne d'âge était de 12,4 ans avec des extrêmes de 7 à 16 ans. Un échec ou un fléchissement scolaire a concerné 86% des suicidants. Dans 38% des cas il s'agissait de récidive; des antécédents d'automutilations ont été retrouvés dans les mêmes proportions. Un contexte de maltraitance a été signalé dans 46% des cas. L'ingestion médicamenteuse était le moyen le plus fréquent, les psychotropes étant les plus représentés. Une différence significative entre le genre a été retrouvée dans le recours aux moyens suicidaires, ainsi les garçons ont eu davantage recours aux moyens physiques (p=0,04) et les filles aux intoxications (p=0,001). L'intentionnalité suicidaire était élevée dans 44%. Un épisode dépressif majeur et le trouble de l'adaptation étaient les troubles les plus fréquemment retrouvés dans respectivement 58% et 24% des cas. Conclusion Les troubles dépressifs et la maltraitance se dégagent comme des facteurs de risque des TS chez les enfants et les adolescents, ces facteurs doivent être pris en considération dans les stratégies de prévention du suicide dans cette population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Charfi
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie, Hôpital Mongi Slim de La Marsa, Sidi Daoud 2046, Tunis, Tunisie.,Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Azza Harbaoui
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie, Hôpital Razi, rue des Orangers, 2010 La Manouba, Tunisie
| | - Afef Skhiri
- Institut National de la Santé, 5-7 rue Khartoum, 1002 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Zeineb Abbès
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Service de Pédopsychiatrie, Hôpital Razi, rue des Orangers, 2010 La Manouba, Tunisie
| | - Ahlem Belhadj
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie, Hôpital Mongi Slim de La Marsa, Sidi Daoud 2046, Tunis, Tunisie.,Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Soumaya Halayem
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Service de Pédopsychiatrie, Hôpital Razi, rue des Orangers, 2010 La Manouba, Tunisie
| | - Asma Bouden
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Service de Pédopsychiatrie, Hôpital Razi, rue des Orangers, 2010 La Manouba, Tunisie
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Spagnolo J, Champagne F, Leduc N, Melki W, Bram N, Guesmi I, Rivard M, Bannour S, Bouabid L, Ganzoui SBHH, Mongi BM, Riahi A, Saoud Z, Zine E, Piat M, Laporta M, Charfi F. A program to further integrate mental health into primary care: lessons learned from a pilot trial in Tunisia. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.29392/joghr.3.e2019022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Gharbaoui M, Ben Khelil M, Harzallah H, Benzarti A, Zhioua M, Hamdoun M. Pattern of suicide by self-poisoning in Northern Tunisia: An eleven-year study (2005–2015). J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 61:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Spagnolo J, Champagne F, Leduc N, Melki W, Piat M, Laporta M, Bram N, Guesmi I, Charfi F. "We find what we look for, and we look for what we know": factors interacting with a mental health training program to influence its expected outcomes in Tunisia. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1398. [PMID: 30572941 PMCID: PMC6302293 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care physicians (PCPs) working in mental health care in Tunisia often lack knowledge and skills needed to adequately address mental health-related issues. To address these lacunas, a training based on the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Intervention Guide (IG) was offered to PCPs working in the Greater Tunis area between February and April 2016. While the mhGAP-IG has been used extensively in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to help build non-specialists' mental health capacity, little research has focused on how contextual factors interact with the implemented training program to influence its expected outcomes. This paper's objective is to fill that lack. METHODS We conducted a case study with a purposeful sample of 18 trained PCPs. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews between March and April 2016. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants identified more barriers than facilitators when describing contextual factors influencing the mhGAP-based training's expected outcomes. Barriers were regrouped into five categories: structural factors (e.g., policies, social context, local workforce development, and physical aspects of the environment), organizational factors (e.g., logistical issues for the provision of care and collaboration within and across healthcare organizations), provider factors (e.g., previous mental health experience and personal characteristics), patient factors (e.g., beliefs about the health system and healthcare professionals, and motivation to seek care), and innovation factors (e.g., training characteristics). These contextual factors interacted with the implemented training to influence knowledge about pharmacological treatments and symptoms of mental illness, confidence in providing treatment, negative beliefs about certain mental health conditions, and the understanding of the role of PCPs in mental health care delivery. In addition, post-training, participants still felt uncomfortable with certain aspects of treatment and the management of some mental health conditions. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the complexity of implementing a mhGAP-based training given its interaction with contextual factors to influence the attainment of expected outcomes. Results may be used to tailor structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation factors prior to future implementations of the mhGAP-based training in Tunisia. Findings may also be used by decision-makers interested in implementing the mhGAP-IG training in other LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Spagnolo
- School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3N1X9 Canada
| | - François Champagne
- School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3N1X9 Canada
| | - Nicole Leduc
- School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Wahid Melki
- Razi Hospital, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Myra Piat
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Marc Laporta
- Montreal WHO-PAHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Nesrine Bram
- Razi Hospital, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Guesmi
- Center for School and University Medicine in Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Charfi
- Mongi-Slim Hospital, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Halayem S, Ounalli H, Boudali M, Hajri M, Abbes Z, Bouden A. Évolution des tentatives de suicide en population clinique tunisienne de 2005 à 2015 : de nouvelles modalités de passage à l’acte chez les jeunes ? Encephale 2018; 44:504-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Spagnolo J, Champagne F, Leduc N, Rivard M, Piat M, Laporta M, Melki W, Charfi F. Mental health knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy among primary care physicians working in the Greater Tunis area of Tunisia. Int J Ment Health Syst 2018; 12:63. [PMID: 30386422 PMCID: PMC6203218 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-018-0243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-specialists' involvement in mental health care is encouraged in the field of global mental health to address the treatment gap caused by mental illness, especially in low- and middle-income countries. While primary care physicians (PCPs) are involved in mental health care in Tunisia, a lower-middle-income country in North Africa, it is unclear to what extent they are prepared and willing to address mental health problems, substance use disorders, and suicide/self-harm. In this context, we aim (1) to report on mental health knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy among a sample of PCPs working in the Greater Tunis area, prior to the implementation of a mental health training program developed by the World Health Organization; and (2) to identify what characteristics are associated with these competencies. METHODS In total, 112 PCPs completed questionnaires related to their socio-demographic and practice characteristics, as well as their mental health knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Descriptive analyses and regression models were performed. FINDINGS PCPs had more knowledge about depression, symptoms related to psychosis, and best practices after a suicide attempt; had favourable attitudes about distinctions between physical and mental health, learning about mental health, and the acceptance of colleagues with mental health issues; and believed most in their capabilities related to depression and anxiety. However, most PCPs had less knowledge about substance use disorders and myths about suicide attempts; had unfavorable attitudes about the dangerousness of people with mental health problems, personal disclosure of mental illness, non-specialists' role in assessing mental health problems, and personal recovery; and believed the least in their capabilities related to substance use disorders, suicide/self-harm, and psychosis. Participation in previous mental health training, weekly hours (and weekly hours dedicated to mental health), weekly provision of psychoeducation, and certain work locations were associated with better mental health competencies, whereas mental health knowledge was negatively associated with weekly referrals to specialized services. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that PCPs in our sample engage in mental health care, but with some gaps in competencies. Mental health training and increased interactions/involvement with people consulting for mental health issues may help further develop non-specialists' mental health competencies, and integrate mental health into primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Spagnolo
- School of Public Health, IRSPUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3N1X9 Canada
| | - François Champagne
- School of Public Health, IRSPUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3N1X9 Canada
| | - Nicole Leduc
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Michèle Rivard
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Myra Piat
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Marc Laporta
- Montreal WHO-PAHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Wahid Melki
- Razi Hospital, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Charfi
- Mongi-Slim Hospital, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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17
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Ahmadpanah M, Rahighi AH, Haghighi M. Female Gender, Marital and Family Problems, and Feelings of Guilt Are Related to Self-Immolation Suicide Attempts. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 76:51-58. [PMID: 29649810 DOI: 10.1159/000487859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-immolation (SI) is considered one of the most painful, dramatic, and at the same time most inexplicable methods of suicide, with a high social impact. Prevalence rates are particularly high in Iran, and in north-western Iran specifically. Here, we report sociodemographic, psychological, and psychiatric characteristics of patients attempting self-immolation (PSIs), compared to patients with accident burns (PABs). METHOD Patients referred to the Burns Emergency Unit of the Besat Hospital (Hamadan, Iran) were enrolled in the present study between winter 2015 and summer 2016. After burn-related treatments and surgery, a thorough interview was undertaken covering sociodemographic characteristics, burn-related information, and psychiatric background. RESULTS A total of 79 patients were enrolled. Among these, 19 (31.7%) had attempted suicide via SI. Compared to the PABs, the PSIs were predominantly females; they reported family and marital problems as the main triggers for SI. The psychiatric interviews indicated that PSIs often suffered from major depressive disorders, adjustment disorders, and bipolar disorders. The prevailing feelings reported were guilt and shame. A binary logistic regression showed that feelings of guilt and marital and family problems predicted SI. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of SI was surprisingly high. Marital and family conflicts as a proxy for highly distressing social interactions, along with female gender and feelings of guilt and shame were strongly associated with SI. Family and couple counseling specifically tailored to difficulties experienced by women might reduce the risk of SI.
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Ben Khelil M, Zgarni A, Bellali M, Thaljaoui W, Zhioua M, Hamdoun M. Deaths among homeless in northern Tunisia: a 10-year study (2005-2014). Public Health 2018; 162:41-47. [PMID: 29958113 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the victims profile related to death among homeless people. STUDY DESIGN A descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. METHODS We included all deaths among homeless people that occurred during a 10-year period (2005-2014) that were autopsied in the Department of Legal Medicine of the Charles Nicolle Hospital of Tunis. Causes of death were classified according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. Data were classified in three sections: sociodemographic data, circumstances of death, and autopsy findings. A univariate data analysis was performed. RESULTS The sex ratio (M/F) was of 7.45. The average age was of 59 years. The majority of deaths (80.9%) occurred in the metropolis of Tunis with a significant occurrence of cases in other governorates after the 2011 revolution (P = 0.002). Deaths occurred more often during winter (34.8%). The bodies were frequently discovered in public places (36.0%) and private locations (34.0%). The deaths of 55.3% of cases were attributed to natural causes, significantly affecting the elderly, whereas the accidental causes (25.7%) were more frequent before the age of 49 years, followed by suicides (3.9%) and homicides (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted a phenomenon not yet studied in Tunisia. Our results highlight an urgent need for preventive measures focused on the improvement of healthcare measures among homeless people.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ben Khelil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - A Zgarni
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Bellali
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - W Thaljaoui
- Department of Legal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - M Zhioua
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Hamdoun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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Intentional injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. Int J Public Health 2018; 63:39-46. [PMID: 28776251 PMCID: PMC5973968 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We used GBD 2015 findings to measure the burden of intentional injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) between 1990 and 2015. METHODS The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study defines intentional injuries as a combination of self-harm (including suicide), interpersonal violence, collective violence (war), and legal intervention. We estimated number of deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for each type of intentional injuries. RESULTS In 2015, 28,695 individuals (95% UI: 25,474-37,832) died from self-harm, 35,626 (95% UI: 20,947-41,857) from interpersonal violence, and 143,858 (95% UI: 63,554-223,092) from collective violence and legal interventions. In 2015, collective violence and legal intervention was the fifth-leading cause of DALYs in the EMR and the leading cause in Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya; they account for 49.7% of total DALYs in Syria. CONCLUSIONS Our findings call for increased efforts to stabilize the region and assist in rebuilding the health systems, as well as increasing transparency and employing preventive strategies to reduce self-harm and interpersonal injuries.
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Tailoring a training based on the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Intervention Guide (IG) to Tunisia: process and relevant adaptations. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2018; 5:e17. [PMID: 29868237 PMCID: PMC5981654 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2018.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to make mental health services more accessible, the Tunisian Ministry of Health, in collaboration with the School of Public Health at the University of Montreal, the World Health Organization office in Tunisia and the Montreal World Health Organization-Pan American Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health, implemented a training programme based on the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Intervention Guide (IG) (version 1.0), developed by the World Health Organization. This article describes the phase prior to the implementation of the training, which was offered to general practitioners working in primary care settings in the Greater Tunis area of Tunisia. METHODS The phase prior to implementation consisted of adapting the standard mhGAP-IG (version 1.0) to the local primary healthcare context. This adaptation process, an essential step before piloting the training, involved discussions with stakeholder groups, as well as field observations. RESULTS Through the adaptation process, we were able to make changes to the standard training format and material. In addition, the process helped uncover systemic barriers to effective mental health care. CONCLUSIONS Targeting these barriers in addition to implementing a training programme may help reduce the mental health treatment gap, and promote implementation that is successful and sustainable.
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A comparison of suicidal behavior by burns five years before and five years after the 2011 Tunisian Revolution. Burns 2017; 43:858-865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ben Khelil M, Farhani F, Harzallah H, Allouche M, Gharbaoui M, Banasr A, Benzarti A, Hamdoun M. Patterns of homicide in North Tunisia: a 10-year study (2005–2014). Inj Prev 2017; 24:73-77. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundIn Tunisia and in the Arab world, few data are available about homicide patterns. The aim of our study was to analyse the victims' profiles and the general pattern.Methods636 homicide victims were autopsied at the Legal Medicine Department of Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunis, over a period of 10 years (2005–2014).ResultsVictims were males in 79.7% with a male-to-female ratio of 3.93 and the average age was 37.7 years. The victim was generally from an urban area (66.7%), single (55.7%) and semiskilled (50.2%). The most common methods of homicide were sharp force (51.7%) and blunt trauma (24.8%).ConclusionsThis study suggests applying urgent preventive measures targeting essentially young males and the importance of a national ‘Violence Repository’.
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Ben Khelil M, Zgarni A, Zaafrane M, Chkribane Y, Gharbaoui M, Harzallah H, Banasr A, Hamdoun M. Suicide by self-immolation in Tunisia: A 10 year study (2005–2014). Burns 2016; 42:1593-1599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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