Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of novel bisacridine-1,8-dione derivatives

Newly synthesized acridone derivatives targeting lung cancer: A toxicity and xenograft model study

AKT is one of the overexpressed targets in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and plays an important role in its progression and offers an attractive target for the therapy. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is upregulated in NSCLC. Acridone is an important heterocycle compound which treats cancer through various mechanisms including AKT as a target. In the present work, the study was designed to evaluate the safety profile of three acridone derivatives (AC-2, AC-7, and AC-26) by acute and repeated dose oral toxicity. In addition to this, we also checked the pAKT overexpression and its control by these derivatives in tumor xenograft model. The results from acute and repeated dose toxicity showed these compounds to be highly safe and free from any toxicity, mortality, or significant alteration in body weight, food, and water intake in the rats. In the repeated dose toxicity, compounds showed negligible variations in a few hematological parameters at 400 mg/kg. The histopathology, biochemical, and urine parameters remained unchanged. The xenograft model study demonstrated AC-2 to be inhibiting HOP-62 induced tumor via reduction in p-AKT1 (Ser473) expression significantly. In immunofluorescence staining AC-2 treated tissue section showed 2.5 fold reduction in the expression of p-AKT1 (Ser473). Histopathology studies showed the destruction of tumor cells with increased necrosis after treatment. The study concluded that AC-2 causes cell necrosis in tumor cells via blocking the p-AKT1 expression. The findings may provide a strong basis for further clinical applications of acridone derivatives in NSCLC.

Accelerated synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridine derivatives using dendritic mesoporous nanosilica functionalized by hexamethylenetetramine: a novel nanocatalyst

Xanthene and acridine derivatives are interesting organic compounds that are used in different research fields like biomedicine and pharmaceutical science. However, applied catalysts for their synthesis have some limitations such as long reaction times, the need for harsh conditions and low yield. So, discovery of novel catalysts for the synthesis of xanthene and acridine derivatives is highly demanded. To overcome the limitation of previous methods on the efficient synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridine derivatives, a green heterogeneous organic nano-catalyst (Cu@KCC-1-nPr-HMTA) was synthesized by covalent attachment of hexamethylenetetramine to the cavities and channels of dendritic mesoporous nanosilica (KCC-1). The prepared nano-catalyst was identified using various spectroscopic and microscopic methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray energy diffraction (EDX), EDX mapping and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis (BET-BJH). The prepared green nano-catalyst showed a spherical and dendritic structure with a surface area of 65.699 m2 g-1, average pore size of 40.78 nm and pore volume of 0.66 cm3 g-1. Also, Cu@KCC-1-nPr-HMTA has many chemo-active sites for the condensation reaction and was used as an efficient nano-catalyst towards one-step synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridine and 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives from the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions. Short reaction times of 1 to 5 minutes for 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridine and 30 to 55 minutes for 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives, high yields and mild reaction conditions are advantages of the proposed synthetic method. It is hoped that the engineered nano-catalyst will be used for the synthesis of other organic compounds in the future.

A practical route to arylated dihydroacridine derivatives via nickel boride mediated intramolecular reductive cyclization-concomitant dehydration

A facile and highly efficient route towards 3-aryl-1,2-dihydroacridine derivatives from an aldol adduct of o-nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexenone derivatives has been described.

Synthesis of novel cytotoxic tetracyclic acridone derivatives and study of their molecular docking, ADMET, QSAR, bioactivity and protein binding properties

Acridone based synthetic and natural products with inherent anticancer activity advancing the research and generating a large number of structurally diversified compounds. In this sequence we have designed, synthesized a series of tetracyclic acridones with amide framework viz., 3-(alkyloyl/ aryloyl/ heteroaryloyl/ heteroaryl)-2,3-dihydropyrazino[3,2,1-de]acridin-7(1H)-ones and screened for their in vitro anti-cancer activity. The in vitro study revealed that compounds with cyclopropyl-acetyl, benzoyl, p-hydroxybenzoyl, p-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl, p-fluorobenzoyl, m-fluorobenzoyl, picolinoyl, 6-methylpicolinoyl and 3-nicotinoyl groups are active against HT29, MDAMB231 and HEK293T cancer cell lines. The molecular docking studies performed for them against 4N5Y, HT29 and 2VWD revealed the potential ligand-protein binding interactions among the neutral aminoacid of the enzymes and carbonyl groups of the title compounds with a binding energy ranging from - 8.1394 to - 6.9915 kcal/mol. In addition, the BSA protein binding assay performed for them has confirmed their interaction with target proteins through strong binding to BSA macromolecule. The additional studies like ADMET, QSAR, bioactivity scores, drug properties and toxicity risks ascertained them as newer drug candidates. This study had added a new collection of piperazino fused acridone derivatives to the existing array of other nitrogen heterocyclic fused acridone derivatives as anticancer agents.

Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking studies of new pyrazole-dimedone hybrid architectures

Background

Design and synthesis of pyrazole-dimedone derivatives were described by one-pot multicomponent reaction as new antimicrobial agents. These new molecular framework were synthesized in high yields with a broad substrate scope under benign conditions mediated by diethylamine (NHEt₂). The molecular structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned based on different spectroscopic techniques (¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, IR, MS, and CHN).

Results

The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. faecalis ATCC29212, B. subtilis ATCC 10400, and C. albicans ATCC 2091 using agar Cup plate method. Compound 4b exhibited the best activity against B. subtilis and E. faecalis with MIC = 16 µg/L. Compounds 4e and 4l exhibited the best activity against S. aureus with MIC = 16 µg/L. Compound 4k exhibited the best activity against B. subtilis with MIC = 8 µg/L. Compounds 4o was the most active compounds against C. albicans with MIC = 4 µg/L.

Conclusion

In-silico predictions were utilized to investigate the structure activity relationship of all the newly synthesized antimicrobial compounds. In this regard, a ligand-based pharmacophore model was developed highlighting the key features required for general antimicrobial activity. While the molecular docking was carried out to predict the most probable inhibition and binding mechanisms of these antibacterial and antifungal agents using the MOE docking suite against few reported target proteins.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-018-0399-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Synthesis of novel 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide containing acridine sulfonamide/carboxamide compounds and investigation of their inhibition effects on human carbonic anhydrase I, II, IV and VII

Herein, we report that acridine intermediates 5 were obtained from the reduction of nitro acridine derivatives 4, which were synthesized via condensation of dimedone, p-nitrobenzaldehyde with 4-amino-N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzamide, respectively. Then acridine sulfonamide/carboxamide (7a-i) compounds were synthesized by reaction of amino acridine 5 with sulfonyl chlorides and carbamoyl chlorides. The new compounds were characterized by melting points, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HRMS analyzes. The evaluation of in vitro test of the synthesized compounds against hCA I, II, IV and VII showed that some of them are potent inhibitors. Among them, compound 7e showed the most potent activity against hCA II with a K_I of 7.9 nM.

Betainium-based ionic liquids catalyzed multicomponent Hantzsch reactions for the efficient synthesis of acridinediones

Betainium lactate was found to be an efficient catalyst for the Hantzsch reactions under mild conditions.

Recent developments in the synthesis and biological activity of acridine/acridone analogues

Many people in the world struggle with cancer or bacterial, parasitic, viral, Alzheimer's and other diseases.

Microwave assisted synthesis of novel tetrazole/sulfonamide derivatives based on octahydroacridine, xanthene and chromene skeletons as inhibitors of the carbonic anhydrases isoforms I, II, IV and VII

The synthesis of novel tetrazole/sulfonamide derivatives based on octahydroacridine, xanthene and chromene scaffold by using microwave (MW) assisted techniques is reported in this study. These synthesized hybrid compounds were assayed for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The inhibitory activities were determined against three cytosolic human isoforms (hCA I, II and VII) and one membrane-associated (hCA IV) isoform. Some of the newly synthesized sulfonamides showed micromolar to nanomolar inhibitory activity against these enzymes.

Microwave assisted synthesis of novel acridine-acetazolamide conjugates and investigation of their inhibition effects on human carbonic anhydrase isoforms hCA I, II, IV and VII

4-Amino-N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzamide was condensed with cyclic-1,3-diketones (dimedone and cyclohexane-1,3-dione) and aromatic aldehydes under microwave irradiation, leading to a series of acridine-acetazolamide conjugates. The new compounds were investigated as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), and more precisely cytosolic isoforms hCA I, II, VII and membrane-bound one hCA IV. All investigated isoforms were inhibited in low micromolar and nanomolar range by the new compounds. hCA IV and VII were inhibited with KIs in the range of 29.7-708.8nM (hCA IV), and of 1.3-90.7nM (hCA VII). For hCA I and II the KIs were in the range of 6.7-335.2nM (hCA I) and of 0.5-55.4nM (hCA II). The structure-activity relationships (SAR) for the inhibition of these isoforms with the acridine-acetazolamide conjugates reported here were delineated.

Evaluation of sodium acetate trihydrate–urea DES as a benign reaction media for the Biginelli reaction. Unexpected synthesis of methylenebis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enones), hexahydroxanthene-1,8-diones and hexahydroacridine-1,8-diones

In this work, the low melting mixture sodium acetate trihydrate–urea was synthesized and the eutectic composition was determined and characterized. The performance of this deep eutectic solvent on the Biginelli reaction was evaluated.

One-pot, efficient and green synthesis of acridinedione derivatives using highly monodisperse platinum nanoparticles supported with reduced graphene oxide

An efficient, high yielding, quick method has been developed for the synthesis of acridinedione derivatives using highly monodisperse Pt NPs@rGO.

Pt NPs@GO as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of acridinedione derivatives

Pt NPs@GO has been used for the first time for synthesizing acridinedione from dimedone, aromatic aldehydes and various amines as a catalyst.

Ammonium Chloride Catalysed One-pot Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and N-aryl-1,8-dioxodecahydroacridines Under Solvent Free Conditions

A simple, straight for ward and highly efficient protocol has been developed for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes from the reaction of aromatic aldehydes and dimedone, and also N-aryl-1,8-dioxodecahydroacridines from aromatic aldehydes, dimedone and aromatic amines in excellent yields using ammonium chloride as a low-cost and non-toxic eco-friendly catalyst under solvent-free conditions. The salient features of the present protocol are the operational simplicity, clean reaction profiles, excellent yields, high atom-economy, relatively short reaction-time as well as the use of inexpensive and environmentally benign catalyst.