In silico screening for identification of novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitors using QSAR and docking methodologies

New routes towards azomethine ylide generation from prolines to synthesize diverse N-heterocycles: a DFT supported endo-selective mechanism

Azomethine ylides are generated using either organocatalysts or metal catalysts via a ballet of decarboxylative C-N coupling choreographed by prolines. These strategies enable diastereoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition, C-C coupling, and ring annulation, providing sustainable routes. The synthesized pyrrolizines and other heterocycles have potential applications in the development of crucial biomolecules and pharmaceuticals. The endoselectivity of the azomethine ylide is realized and supported through DFT calculations.

PPAR gamma agonistic activity of dillapiole: protective effects against diabetic nephropathy

Using structural similarity approach we identified dillapiole, a phenylpropanoid, the main component of Piper aduncum L. and Anethum graveolens L. essential oils as potential PPARγ agonist. Molecular docking revealed that dillapiole binds to the active site of PPARγ, similar to pioglitazone binding. In silico ADME studies showed that dillapiole has high water solubility and GI absorption. Dillapiole was also observed to be partial agonist of PPARγ receptors with EC50 of 43.95 µM. In BHK-21 cells cultured under hyperglycaemic conditions, dillapiole administration reduced oxidative stress and prevented decrease in histone H3 acetylation (k9/14) levels. In HFD + STZ induced diabetic mice, dillapiole treatment for 7 days was able to improve renal functions and decrease plasma glucose level to 138.39 ± 12.36 mg/dl along with decreasing total cholesterol (29%), triglycerides (48.8%), LDL (24.7%), and VLDL (65%) levels in serum. These results show that dillapiole is a potential PPARγ-agonist and thus needs to explore further.

A concise approach to 2-pyrrolin-5-one scaffold construction from α-halohydroxamates and β-keto compounds

A concise approach to the construction of the 2-pyrrolin-5-one scaffold was developed via a one-pot reaction with formal [3 + 2] annulation/elimination between β-keto nitrile/β-keto ester and unsubstituted α-halohydroxamates. This reaction features mild conditions, easy handling, broad substrate scope and good yields. Remarkably, the products could be readily converted into potentially bioactive alkylidenepyrrolinones, pyrroles, pyran-fused pyrrole heterocycles and other useful compounds, exhibiting versatile synthetic potential.

High-throughput screening of compounds library to identify novel inhibitors against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis using streptomycin-dependent Mycobacterium tuberculosis 18b strain as a model

One of the significant challenges to treat tuberculosis is the phenotypic resistance adapted by the latent or dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) cells against most of the available drugs. Different in-vitro assay such as oxygen depletion model and nutrient starvation models have contributed to unravelling the pathogen phenotypic resistance but are too cumbersome for application to high-throughput screening (HTS) assays. In this context, non-replicating streptomycin-starved 18b (SS18b) mutant strain of M. tuberculosis provided a simple and reproducible model. This model mimics latent tuberculosis and is best suited for screening medicinally appropriate libraries. Using SS18b strain in a resazurin reduction microplate assay (REMA), high-throughput screening of ChemDiv library constituting of 30,000 compounds resulted in the identification of 470 active compounds. Clustering and scaffolding based medicinal chemistry analysis characterized these hits into 15 scaffolds. Seven most potent compounds exhibiting an MIC ≤ 1 μg/ml against SS18b were non-toxic in HepG2 cell line (selective Index ≥ 160). Our screening revealed seven novel compounds exhibiting activity against the non-replicating form of M tuberculosis. 8002-7516 was the most promising compound showing intracellular killing and could be optimized to develop a lead drug candidate.

Three-component access to 2-pyrrolin-5-ones and their use in target-oriented and diversity-oriented synthesis

The combination of two multicomponent reactions,i.e.a Hantzsch-type synthesis of 2-pyrrolin-5-ones and a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition generated complex spirocyclic systems.